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Eration and Analysis of Horizon Slices University of Alberta SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE EXMOUTH PLATEAU, NORTH-WESTERN SHELF, AUSTRALIA by Prang Sinhabaedya A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Sciences Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences ©Prang Sinhabaedya Fall, 2011 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Abstract The Exmouth Plateau is a part of the Northern Carnarvon Basin, offshore northwest Australia. It evolved from a pre-rift in the late Paleozoic, experiencing many tectonic activities, from syn-rift sub-basins in the Mesozoic to a passive margin in the Cenozoic. The study area, located within the Exmouth Plateau, is a gas exploration target named the Chandon Field. The Chandon-1 well was drilled in 2006 and is the only well from the area that provides the data used in this study. The seismic data penetrate up to 5000 milliseconds, covering an area of 875 km2. The information regarding basin evolution in the Paleozoic Age is scarce, as the main exploration interest rests with the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The objective of this study is to investigate sequence stratigraphy and geomorphology of the area. In order to understand the evolution of the depositional environments and the paleogeography, 3-D seismic data have been interpreted by means of horizon picking. Furthermore, the outcomes of the study, which are 9 seismic units, 11 horizons, and 10 horizon slices, reveal that the provenance of sediments were derived from various sources from the Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Cenozoic ages. The Pre-breakup seismic units were from terrestrial environments, such as fluvio-deltaic environments. On the other hand, the Post-breakup seismic units were derived from a wide range of marine environments, ranging from shallow to deep water. In this study, most of the time was dedicated to the generation and analysis of horizon slices. In addition, the interpretation of 10 seismic horizon slices overlaid by different seismic attributes, reveals new information which should be investigated further in the future. This information should also be investigated on time slices. Acknowledgements Completion of this research would not be possible without many supports of institutions and individuals. First of all, I would like to thank PTT Exploration and Production Public Company Limited (Thailand) for provided research fund, work station, tuition fee, salary and all financial support during my stay in Canada for 2 years and 2 months. Secondly, I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Octavian Catuneanu for giving me the opportunity to do this research. Also, I would like to thank my examining committee, Dr. Karlis Muehlenbachs and Dr. Pamela R. Willoughby for their useful feed backs after my defence. I would like to thank Dr. Robert Desjardins for his effort and patience to correct my English writing. I would like to thank dGB Earth Sciences Amsterdam for the software providing. Also, I thank Chevron Australia for the data that were used in this study. I thank Woodside Australia for the introduction of the area. I would like to thank WAPIMS, Government of Western Australia, Department of Mines and Petroleum for the well data. Last but not least, I would like to thank all my Thai friends from Thai Student Association University of Alberta for their constantly encouragements. Also, I would like to thank my dear friend from Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Kati Laakso for cheering me up always. Table of Contents 1 Introduction………………………………………………………………… 1 2 Geological Framework……………………………………………...………. 5 2.1 Study Area…………………………………………………………….... 5 2.2 Westralian Superbasin……………………………..……………….…….5 2.2.1 Spreading History………………………………………………….6 2.2.2 Regional geology of the Northern Carnarvon Basin……………….10 2.2.3 Basin Evolution and Tectonic Development………………………12 2.3 The Exmouth Plateau…………………………………………………….18 3 Methodology…………………………………………………………………23 3.1 Data………………………………………………………………………23 3.1.1 Seismic Survey Data……………………………………………….23 3.1.2 Well Data…………………………………………………………..26 3.1.2.1 Wire-line log……………………………………………..26 3.2 Seismic to Well-Tie……………………………………………………...31 3.3 Seismic Analogy…………………………………………………………36 3.4 Seismic Interpretation……………………………………………………37 3.4.1 Seismic Vertical Interpretation…………………………………….37 3.4.1.1 Inline…………………………………………………..…37 3.4.1.2 Cross line……………………………………………...…37 3.4.1.3 Arbitrary line………………………………………….….38 3.4.2 Seismic Horizontal Interpretation…………………………….........38 3.4.2.1 Horizon Slicing…………………………………….…….38 3.4.2.2 Time Slicing………………………………………….…..43 3.4.2.3 Composite Display…………………………………...…..44 3.5 Mapping…………………………………………………………..….…..44 3.5.1 Time Structural Map……….………………………………….…...45 Table of Contents (cont) 3.5.2 Isopach Map……………………………………………………..…45 3.5.3 Attribute Map……………………………………………………....45 3.5.3.1 Amplitude………………………………………………..45 3.5.3.2 Spectral Decomposition…………………………….……46 3.5.3.3 Coherency………………………………………………..46 4 Interpretation of Seismic Stratigraphy……………………………….….…...51 4.1 Interpretation based on seismic reflection……………………………….51 4.1.1 Un-interpreted and Interpreted in-line and cross-line……………..51 4.1.2 Seismic Reflectors and Seismic Units…………………………….53 4.1.2.1 Horizon 1………………..…..………………………...…56 4.1.2.1.1 Horizon Slice 1……………………………...…57 4.1.2.1.2 Unit A………………………………….………59 4.1.2.2 Horizon 1*……………………………………….………60 4.1.2.2.1 Unit B………………………………..………...60 4.1.2.3 Horizon 2...........................................................................61 4.1.2.3.1 Horizon Slice 2………………………………...61 4.1.2.3.2 Unit C………………………………………….66 4.1.2.4 Horizon 3………………………………...………………67 4.1.2.4.1 Horizon Slice 3………………………………...68 4.1.2.4.2 Unit D……………………………………….…72 4.1.2.5 Horizon 4……………………………………………...…72 4.1.2.5.1 Horizon Slice 4………………………………...74 4.1.2.5.2 Unit E……………………………………….…78 4.1.2.6 Horizon 5……………………………………………...…79 4.1.2.6.1 Horizon Slice 5………………………………...80 4.1.2.6.2 Unit F………………………………….……….83 4.1.2.7 Horizon 6…………………………………..…….………84 4.1.2.7.1 Horizon Slice 6………………………………...86 Table of Contents (cont) 4.1.2.7.2 Unit G…………………………………..……...88 4.1.2.8 Horizon 7……………………………...............................91 4.1.2.8.1 Horizon Slice 7………………………………...91 4.1.2.9 Horizon 8……………………….………………..………93 4.1.2.9.1 Horizon Slice 8………………………………...94 4.1.2.9.2 Unit H………………………………………….98 4.1.2.10 Horizon 9…………………….........................................99 4.1.2.10.1 Horizon Slice 9……………………………...100 4.1.2.10.2 Unit I…………………………………….…..104 4.1.2.11 Horizon 10……………………………………...……..104 4.1.2.11.1 Horizon Slice 10…………………………….106 4.2 Interpretation based on wire-line well log……………………………...106 4.3 Interpretation based on seismic reflections and wire-line well log……..108 5 Conclusion and Discussion…………………………………..……..………115 5.1 Conclusion……………………………………………………..….……115 5.2 Discussion……………………………………………………...….……115 References……………………..……………………..…………...……….........…..118 List of Table Table 3-1: Co-ordinate of Chandon Field……………………………………………24 Table 4-1: Summary of depositional environments in each seismic unit…………..111 List of Figures Figure 1-1: The Exmouth Plateau located in the Northern Carnarvon Basin......................2 Figure 1-2: Chandon Field located 50 km away from Janz/Io Field..................................3 Figure 2-1: Chandon Field is located in the Exmouth Plateau............................................8 Figure 2-2: Location of the Exmouth Plateau in the Northern Carnarvon Basin, northwest shelf of Australia (modified from Whiteway, 2009; Heap and Harris 2008)……….…….9 Figure 2-3: Westralian Superbasin is composed of the Northern Carnarvon Basin, Offshore Canning or Roebuck Basin, Browse Basin and Bonaparte Basin (Longley et al., 2003)………………………………………………………………………………………9 Figure 2-4: Spreading history of Greater Indian Plate, Antarctica Plate and Australian Plate (Jason et al., 2005; Johnson et al., 1976)…………………………………………..11 Figure 2-5: Stratigraphic chart of the Northern Carnarvon Basin…………………...…..21 Figure 2-6: Stratigraphic chart of the Exmouth Plateau…………………………………22 Figure 3-1: Survey location of Chandon Field…………………………………….…….23 Figure 3-2: Co-ordinate points define the layout of the 3-D seismic data………….…...24 Figure 3-3: The „X‟ axis represents the width of the area, while the „Y‟ axis represents the length of the area, approximately 19915 and 54800 m. The „Z‟ axis represents two- way-travel time between 0-5 milliseconds………………………………………………25 Figure 3-4: Chandon Field is located between two giant gas fields, Scarborough and Io/Janz. Modified from 2011 release, Australian Government webpage…………….….27 Figure 3-5: Location of Chandon Field is shown………………………………….……29 Figure 3-6: Chandon Field is located 27 km east of Mercury-1 and 31 km northwest of the Jansz-2. (modified from End of Well Report)………………………………..……...30 Figure 3-7: Wireline log of Chandon-1 and its different property measurement…….….31
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