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Chronological Table Chronological Table Indian mutiny and widespread re­ bellion in Northern India. East India Company's rule in India replaced by the British Crown. Dayanand (1824-83) founds the Arya Samaj at Bombay. Syed Ahmad Khan (1817-98) founds MuhammadanAnglo-Oriental Col­ lege at Aligarh. Queen Victoria proclaimed Empress of India. Indian National Congress inaugur­ ated in Bombay. Hindu rmsslOnary Vivekananda (1862-1902) addresses the First World Parliament of Religions at Chicago. M. K. Gandhi (I 86g-1948) starts his career in South Afiica. The Viceroyalty of Lord Curzon. Partition of Bengal. The rise of anti­ partition movement in Bengal. The rise of Extremist Party in Congress under B. G. Tilak (1856-1920). 1906 1 October Muslim deputation led by Aga Khan (1875-1958) presents address to Viceroy Minto (1905-10). 30 December Inauguration of the All-India Muslim League at Dacca. Split in Congress at Surat. Beginning of terrorist movement in India. The Extremists excluded from Con­ gress. 218 OHRONOLOGIOAL TABLE 1909 May Morley-Minto Reforms (The Indian Council Act) grant Muslim demand for separate electorate. 1910 Birth of Hindu Mahasabha. 1911 Visit of King George V and Queen Mary and the Delhi Durbar. Partition of Bengal annulled. Transfer of Indian Capital from Calcutta to Delhi announced. Italy and Turkey at war in Tripoli. Growth of anti-British feeling among Indian Muslims. 1912 Turkey gets involved in the first Balkan war. 1913 Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) awarded Nobel Prize for his Gitanjali. 1913 Balkan War concluded by the Treaty of London. 1914 4 August The First World War breaks out. 4 November Turkey joins Germany against Britain. The growth of Pan-Islamism in India. 1915 January Gandhi returns to India from South Africa. February The liberal leader of Congress, G. K. Gokhale (born 1866) dies. December Beginning of the alliance between Congress and the Muslim League. 1916 August­ Tilak and Mrs Annie Besant (1847- September 1933) found the Home Rule Leagues. December The Extremists are taken back into Congress. The Muslim League and Congress reach an agreement at Lucknow and jointly demand for India a national legislative assembly to be elected on communal basis. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 219 1917 April Gandhi starts his first Satyagraha in Champaran, Bihar. 20 August Edwin Montagu, Secretary of State for India (1917-22) defines British policy towards India. November Montagu arrives in India. December Indian government appoints Rowlatt Committee. 1918 April Rowlatt Committee submits its report. July Montagu and Viceroy Chelmsford (1916-21) publish their joint con­ stitutional report. November Allies secure victory in the First World War. 1919 March Rowlatt Acts passed. 6 April Gandhi starts his first All-India civil disobedience movement in protest against the Rowlatt Acts. 13 April Jalianwala Bagh (Amritsar) massacre. Gandhi suspends civil disobedience movement. 23 December The Government of India Act (in­ corporating Montagu-Chelmsford Report) is passed by Parliament. 1920 January House of Lords rejects censure motion on General Dyer, the perpetrator of the Amritsar massacre. March-May Official and non-official reports on Amritsar massacre published. I August Gandhi launches non-eo-operation movement on behalf of Khilafat party. Tilak dies. 1921 February Central Legislature is inaugurated. August Moplah rebellion in Malabar. 220 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE November Boycott of the Prince of Wales on his arrival in Bombay. Riots follow. 1922 4 February Policemen murdered at Chauri Chaura by mob. 6 February Gandhi suspends the non-eo-opera­ tion movement. 10 March Gandhi arrested. December Birth of Swaraj Party and split in Congress. 1923 September Differences between Swaraj Party and Congress resolved. November Swaraj Party contests elections on behalf of Congress. 1924 January Central Legislative Assembly in­ augurated. March Kemal Pasha abolishes Caliphate. May The Muslim League revived at its Lahore session. September Hindu-Muslim riots at Kohat. November All-Parties Conference held in Bombay to settle Hindu-Muslim problem. 1925 October­ Split in the Swaraj Party. November December Hindu Mahasabha revived. 1926 March The Swarajists walk out of the Central Legislature. The end of the Swarajist interlude. April Communalism at its peak. Third general election held. 1927 April First airmail arrives in India trom Croydon in under 54 hours' flying time. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 221 November All-white Simon Commission is ap­ pointed to recommend further constitutional advancement for India. Congress decides to boycott the commission. December Congress undertakes to draft a con­ stitution for India independently of the Simon Commission. 1928 February Simon Commission arrives in India. May Congress appoints a committee under Motilal Nehru (1861-1931) to draft a constitution for India. August The Nehru committee completes its report. December The Nehru report accepted by Con­ gress and the All-India Conven­ tion. Jinnah's {I 876-1948) opposition to Nehru's report is outvoted and he parts company with Congress. 1929 September Jawaharlal Nehru {I 88g--1 964) is elected the President of Congress. December At its annual session held at Lahore Congress demands complete In­ dependence for India. 1930 26 January Congress celebrates this day as In­ dependence Day. March Gandhi launches the civil dis- obedience movement. May Gandhi arrested. June Congress is outlawed Simon Commission report is pub­ lished. November First Round Table Conference meets in London. Congress boycotts the Conference. 222 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 1931 January The Round Table Conference is adjourned. Congress leaders released. 17 February- Viceroy Irwin (1926-31) starts peace 4 March talks with Gandhi and a pact is made. The civil disobedience move­ ment is suspended. 23 March Hindu-Muslim riots at Kanpur. September Gandhi attends the Second Round Table Conference held in London. December The Conference yields no further results and Gandhi returns to India. 1932 3 January Gandhi threatens to resume civil disobedience movement. 4 January Gandhi and other Congress leaders arrested. 17 November- The Third and the last Round Table 24 December Conference. Jinnah abandons politics and settles down in London. 1933 March White Paper is issued formulating proposals for Indian constitution. December Liaquat Ali Khan (1895-1951) per­ suadesJinnah to return to India. 1934 May Congress suspends the civil dis­ obedience movement. 1935 2 August Government of India Act receives Royal Assent. 28 December Congress celebrates its GoldenJubilee. 1936 April Inauguration of the new provinces of Drissa and Sind. Congress decides to contest elections under the new constitution. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 223 May-June Congress President Nehru and the Muslim League President Jinnah start their election campaigns. 1937 January­ Elections held for the provincial February assemblies. I April Provincial responsible government comes into force. July Congress ministries are formed in Bihar, Orissa, C.P., U.P., Bombay and Madras. 1938 March Congress ministry is formed in Assam. 1939 3 September Viceroy Linlithgow (1936-43) an­ nounces that India is at war with Germany. 14 September Congress demands a declaration of war aims from the British govern­ ment. 22-23 October Congress calls on Congress ministries to resign. 31 October All Congress ministries resign by this date. 22 December The Muslim League observes this day as 'Deliverance Day' from Congress rule. 1940 February Jinnah declares that Western demo­ cracy was unsuited for India. March Congress demands complete indepen­ dence and a constituent assembly. At its Lahore session the Muslim League demands the division of India into autonomous national states. 10 May Winston Churchill replaces Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister. 224 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 17 June The fall of France. 7 August The Viceroy makes a statement on India's constitutional development - the August Offer. 17 October Congress starts the individual civil disobedience movement. 1941 27 January Subhas Chandra Bose (1897-1945) escapes to Germany. August 'Atlantic Charter': Joint declaration by Roosevelt and Churchill. December Civil disobedience prisoners set free. 1942 February- Fall of Singapore and Rangoon. March 22 March Sir Stafford Cripps arrives in Delhi. 30 March Cri pps proposals published. April Congress and the Muslim League reject the Cripps mission plan. Cripps returns to London. 8 August Congress demands the withdrawal of British power from India and sanctions the beginning of mass struggle under Gandhi's leadership. 9 August Congress leaders are arrested and Congress is declared unlawful. Beginning of disturbances through­ out India. 1943 March-April Muslim majority provinces come under the control of the Muslim League. August­ Bengal famine. November 1944 March The Japanese advance into Assam assisted by the Indian National Anny ofBose. 6 June Allied armies land in France; D-Day. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 225 June Japanese defeated at Imphal. C. Rajagopalachari's formula made public for the first time. 9-27 September Gandhi-Jinnah talks. 1945 7 May Germany surrenders. 14 June Viceroy Wavell (1943-7) announces a conference to be held in Simla. 15 June Congress leaders released from prison. 25 June- Simla Conference and its failure. 14 July 26 July Labour government under Clement Attlee comes into power in Britain. 14 August Japan surrenders. November The IoN.A. trials begin in the Red Fort, Delhi. December Results of elections to the Central Legislative Assembly announced. 1946 January Parliamentary
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