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(Cyperaceae): C.Camptoglochin and C. Microglochin Darwiniana, Vol Darwiniana ISSN: 0011-6793 [email protected] Instituto de Botánica Darwinion Argentina Wheeler, Gerald A.; Guaglianone, Encarnación R. Notes on south American carex (cyperaceae): C.camptoglochin and C. microglochin Darwiniana, vol. 41, núm. 1-4, 2003, pp. 193-206 Instituto de Botánica Darwinion Buenos Aires, Argentina Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=66941413 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto G. A. WHEELER & E. R. GUAGLIANONE. NotesDARWINIANA on South American Carex: C. camptoglochin and ISSNC. microglochin 0011-6793 41(1-4): 193-206. 2003 NOTES ON SOUTH AMERICAN CAREX (CYPERACEAE): C. CAMPTOGLOCHIN AND C. MICROGLOCHIN GERALD A. WHEELER1 AND ENCARNACIÓN R. GUAGLIANONE 2,3 1University of Minnesota Herbarium. J. F. Bell Museum of Natural History, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108-1095, United States of America. E-mail: [email protected] 2Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Casilla de Correo 22, B1642HYD, San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Wheeler, G. A. & Guaglianone, E. R. 2003. Notes on South American Carex (Cyperaceae): C. camptoglochin and C. microglochin. Darwiniana 41(1-4): 193-206. Carex microglochin (Cyperaceae), a member of Carex sect. Leucoglochin, is a bipolar species that, for the most part, occurs in the northern part of the Northern Hemisphere and in the Andean region of South America. A majority of past and present workers have treated the northern plants as subsp. microglochin, whereas the southern plants have been referred to subsp. fuegina. However, it is demonstrated in this paper that two closely-related yet taxonomically-distinct species, C. camptoglochin and C. microglochin, occur in South America, these differing both morphologically and ecologically. Regarding the South American distribution of these two species, it is documented below that: (1) C. microglochin occurs sporadically throughout nearly the full extent of the Andes; (2) C. microglochin and C. camptoglochin grow sympatrically in both the boreal and austral parts of South America; and (3) C. camptoglochin occurs as a disjunct on the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas). Key words: Taxonomy, Cyperaceae, Carex, sect. Leucoglochin, Carex camptoglochin , Carex microglochin. RESUMEN: Wheeler, G. A. & Guaglianone, E. R. 2003. Notas sobre Carex (Cyperaceae) de Sud América: C. camptoglochin y C. microglochin. Darwiniana 41(1-4): 193-206. Carex microglochin (Cyperaceae, Carex, sect. Leucoglochin) es una especie bipolar. La mayoría de los autores, han considerado las plantas del hemisferio Norte como subsp. microglochin, mientras que las plantas del hemisferio Sur se refirieron a la subsp. fuegina. En esta nota se demuestra que este último taxón corresponde a dos especies estrechamente relacionadas aunque taxonómicamente distintas, C. camptoglochin y C. microglochin, ambas en Sud América, las que difieren tanto en su morfología como en su hábitat. En relación con la distribución sudamericana de estas dos especies, se documenta que: (1) C. microglochin habita ocasionalmente casi a todo lo largo de los Andes; (2) C. microglochin y C. camptoglochin son simpátricas en Sud América, tanto austral como septentrional, y (3) C. camptoglochin habita como disyunta en las Islas Malvinas (Falkland Islands). Palabras clave: Taxonomía, Cyperaceae, Carex, sect. Leucoglochin, Carex camptoglochin, Carex microglochin. INTRODUCTION It is well known, and of phytogeographical microglochin Wahlenb., particularly its relation- interest, that some plants occur in both North and ship to C. camptoglochin V. I. Krecz., whose type South America though with varying degrees of comes from austral South America. A review of disjunction (Raven, 1963). Contrary views exist for apposite literature indicates that a majority of past some amphitropical taxa, however, such as the and present authors (e.g., Kükenthal, 1909; Barros, taxonomic status and bipolar distribution of Carex 1947, 1969; Moore, 1968, 1974, 1983; Moore & 3 Miembro de la Carrera del Investigador, CONICET 193 Darwiniana 41(1-4). 2003 Chater, 1971) maintain that C. microglochin subsp. and Southern Hemispheres. Moore & Chater (1971) microglochin occurs only in the Northern treated all such plants from the Northern. Hemisphere, whereas all South American material is Hemisphere as C. microglochin (their subsp. assignable to subsp. fuegina Kük. But contrarily, microglochin), whereas all such plants from South the present study supports the claim of other America were referred to C. camptoglochin (their C. workers (Roivainen, 1954; Kukkonen, 1970) who microglochin subsp. fuegina). Contrarily, suggest that two closely-related yet taxonomically- Roivainen (1954) suggested that both C. distinct species, C. camptoglochin and C. microglochin and C. camptoglochin (his C. microglochin, occur in South America. Indeed, it is oligantha) occur in Tierra del Fuego, with the shown below that these two species, which differ former growing in the drier, eastern parts of Fuegia both morphologically and ecologically, grow and the latter in the wetter, western and sympatrically in both the far northern and southern southwestern parts. A subsequent study by parts of South America. Moreover, we document Kukkonen (1970) supports Roivainen’s claim that that C. microglochin occurs sporadically C. camptoglochin and C. microglochin are distinct throughout nearly the full length of the Andes and, species, as does also the mention of both names by further, that C. camptoglochin grows as a disjunct Reznicek (1990). Nevertheless, a great majority of on the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas). South American authors (e.g., Barros, 1947, 1969; Both C. camptoglochin and C. microglochin, as Marticorena & Quezada, 1985; Guaglianone, 1996) well as the austral South American endemic C. have followed Kükenthal (1909) and Moore & kingii (Boott) Reznicek, belong in Carex sect. Chater (1971), the latter who claim that a large Leucoglochin Dumort. A key to the three South overlap in characters precludes recognition of both American members of this section is given near the taxa in Tierra del Fuego. It is also worth noting here end of this report. For essentially the remainder of that most authors, while discussing the taxonomic this paper, however, C. kingii is not discussed status of the microglochin-like plants that occur in further and the term “microglochin-like” is restric- Tierra del Fuego, offer no opinion as to the status of ted to C. camptoglochin and C. microglochin, the similar populations that grow elsewhere on the only two of the three that possess strongly deflexed South American continent. perigynia at maturity and a rachilla that lacks a hook-like appendage at the apex. MORPHOLOGY Moore & Chater (1971: 328) studied nine BRIEF HISTORICAL OUTLINE characters of the microglochin-like plants that Carex microglochin, whose type comes from occur in South America and concluded that none of northern Lapland in Scandinavia, is well known those characters could be used to positively from North America and parts of Europe and Asia, differentiate the two taxa in question. The cha- though on the North American continent it is racters they studied were: stem length, stem reported only as far south as south-central Colora- diameter, length of longest leaf, number of male do (Mackenzie, 1931–1935; Hermann, 1970). It is flowers, number of female flowers, length of largest unknown from Central America (Chater, 1994) but perigynium, width of largest perigynium, emergent has been reported from Colombia (Mora & Rangel, length of largest rachillae, and stipe length. But as is 1983; Luteyn, 1999), Ecuador (Jørgensen & Ulloa, evident in Table 1 and in the key given near the end 1994; Luteyn, 1999), and Peru (Luteyn, 1999) in of this report, there are several other characters, not northern South America. The type of C. utilized by these workers, that provide clear-cut camptoglochin, on the other hand, comes from Ba- differences between the two taxa. Salient morpho- hía Orange on Isla Hoste in southern Tierra del logical differences are discussed immediately Fuego. This plant was originally called C. oligantha below. Boott (1867), but Kreczetowicz (1937) created a new The pistillate scales of the two taxa differ name for it, as the former name was a later homonym. considerably in both size and shape. Those of C. In general, two different distribution scenarios camptoglochin (Fig. 1) are lanceolate and longer have been presented in the literature regarding the than the perigynium, with the apex acute to acumi- microglochin-like plants that occur in the Northern nate and the broad midrib frequently projecting 194 G. A. WHEELER & E. R. GUAGLIANONE. Notes on South American Carex: C. camptoglochin and C. microglochin Table 1.- A selected morphological comparision of Carex camptoglochin and C. microglochin in South America. Character C. camptoglochin C. microglochin Growth habit decumbent old stems creeping sympodial rhizomes Rhizome/decumbent stem width (mm) 0.9 - 1.4 0.4 - 0.7 Number of male flowers per spike 2 - 3 5 - 6 Anther length (mm) 1.6 - 2.4 0.8 - 1.6 Number of female flowers per spike 2 - 5 (most often 3 or 4) 3 - 12 Lowest pistillate scale length (mm) 6 - 12 (-15) 2 - 4 Pistillate scale shape lanceolate ovate Pistillate scale apex acute to acuminate
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