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The Political and Social Philosophy of Auguste Comte
THE POLITICAL AND SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY OF AUGUSTE COMTE. BY HARRY ELMER BARNES. I. LIFE AND WORKS. IT was one hundred years in May of this year since Auguste Comte pubHshed the famous prospectus of his comprehensive social philosophy under the title of Plan dcs travaux scientifiques ncccssaires pour reorganiser la societe} In the century which has passed many one-sided philosophies of society have been proposed and many incomplete schemes of social reform propounded. Many writers in recent years have, however, tended to revert to the position of Comte that we must have a philosophy of society which includes a consideration of biological, psychological and historical factors, and a program of social reform which will provide for an increase both in technical efficiency and in social morale.- Further, there has also developed a wide-spread distrust of the "pure" democracy of the last century and a growing feeling that we must endeavor more and more to install in positions of political and social power that intellectual aristocracy in which Comte placed his faith as the desirable leaders in the reconstruction of European society.'' In the light of the above facts a brief analysis of the political and social philosophy of Comte may have practical as well as historical interest to students of philosophy and social science. Auguste Comte ws born in MontpelHer in 1798, and received his higher education at the Ecole Polytcchnique. During six years 1 See the brief article on this matter in the American Journal of Sociology, January, 1922, pp. 510-13. - See Publications of the American Sociological Society, 1920, pp. -
University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections Ralph
University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections Ralph H. Records Collection Records, Ralph Hayden. Papers, 1871–1968. 2 feet. Professor. Magazine and journal articles (1946–1968) regarding historiography, along with a typewritten manuscript (1871–1899) by L. S. Records, entitled “The Recollections of a Cowboy of the Seventies and Eighties,” regarding the lives of cowboys and ranchers in frontier-era Kansas and in the Cherokee Strip of Oklahoma Territory, including a detailed account of Records’s participation in the land run of 1893. ___________________ Box 1 Folder 1: Beyond The American Revolutionary War, articles and excerpts from the following: Wilbur C. Abbott, Charles Francis Adams, Randolph Greenfields Adams, Charles M. Andrews, T. Jefferson Coolidge, Jr., Thomas Anburey, Clarence Walroth Alvord, C.E. Ayres, Robert E. Brown, Fred C. Bruhns, Charles A. Beard and Mary R. Beard, Benjamin Franklin, Carl Lotus Belcher, Henry Belcher, Adolph B. Benson, S.L. Blake, Charles Knowles Bolton, Catherine Drinker Bowen, Julian P. Boyd, Carl and Jessica Bridenbaugh, Sanborn C. Brown, William Hand Browne, Jane Bryce, Edmund C. Burnett, Alice M. Baldwin, Viola F. Barnes, Jacques Barzun, Carl Lotus Becker, Ruth Benedict, Charles Borgeaud, Crane Brinton, Roger Butterfield, Edwin L. Bynner, Carl Bridenbaugh Folder 2: Douglas Campbell, A.F. Pollard, G.G. Coulton, Clarence Edwin Carter, Harry J. Armen and Rexford G. Tugwell, Edward S. Corwin, R. Coupland, Earl of Cromer, Harr Alonzo Cushing, Marquis De Shastelluz, Zechariah Chafee, Jr. Mellen Chamberlain, Dora Mae Clark, Felix S. Cohen, Verner W. Crane, Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Cromwell, Arthur yon Cross, Nellis M. Crouso, Russell Davenport Wallace Evan Daview, Katherine B. -
From Big Data to Econophysics and Its Use to Explain Complex Phenomena
Journal of Risk and Financial Management Review From Big Data to Econophysics and Its Use to Explain Complex Phenomena Paulo Ferreira 1,2,3,* , Éder J.A.L. Pereira 4,5 and Hernane B.B. Pereira 4,6 1 VALORIZA—Research Center for Endogenous Resource Valorization, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal 2 Department of Economic Sciences and Organizations, Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal 3 Centro de Estudos e Formação Avançada em Gestão e Economia, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7000 Évora, Portugal 4 Programa de Modelagem Computacional, SENAI Cimatec, Av. Orlando Gomes 1845, 41 650-010 Salvador, BA, Brazil; [email protected] (É.J.A.L.P.); [email protected] (H.B.B.P.) 5 Instituto Federal do Maranhão, 65075-441 São Luís-MA, Brazil 6 Universidade do Estado da Bahia, 41 150-000 Salvador, BA, Brazil * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 5 June 2020; Accepted: 10 July 2020; Published: 13 July 2020 Abstract: Big data has become a very frequent research topic, due to the increase in data availability. In this introductory paper, we make the linkage between the use of big data and Econophysics, a research field which uses a large amount of data and deals with complex systems. Different approaches such as power laws and complex networks are discussed, as possible frameworks to analyze complex phenomena that could be studied using Econophysics and resorting to big data. Keywords: big data; complexity; networks; stock markets; power laws 1. Introduction Big data has become a very popular expression in recent years, related to the advance of technology which allows, on the one hand, the recovery of a great amount of data, and on the other hand, the analysis of that data, benefiting from the increasing computational capacity of devices. -
The Physical Modelling of Society: a Historical Perspective
Physica A 314 (2002) 1–14 www.elsevier.com/locate/physa The physical modelling ofsociety: a historical perspective Philip Ball Nature, 4-6 Crinan St, London N1 9XW, UK Abstract By seeking to uncover the rules ofcollective human activities, today’s statistical physicists are aiming to return to their roots. Statistics originated in the study ofsocial numbers in the 17th century, and the discovery ofstatistical invariants in data on births and deaths, crimes and marriages led some scientists and philosophers to conclude that society was governed by immutable “natural” laws beyond the reach ofgovernments, ofwhich the Gaussian “error curve” became regarded as the leitmotif. While statistics .ourished as a mathematical tool of all the sciences in the 19th century, it provoked passionate responses from philosophers, novelists and social commentators. Social statistics also guided Maxwell and Boltzmann towards the utilization ofprobability distributions in the development ofthe kinetic theory ofgases, the foundationof statistical mechanics. c 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Statistics; History ofphysics; Statistical mechanics; Social science; Gaussian 1. Introduction The introduction ofprobability into the fundamentalnature ofthe quantum world by Bohr, Born and Schr8odinger in the 1920s famously scandalized some scholars ofscience’s philosophical foundations.But arguments about chance, probability and determinism were no less heated in the mid-19th century, when statistical ideas entered classical physics. James Clerk Maxwell (1878) let probabilistic physics bring him to the verge of mysticism: “it is the peculiar function of physical science to lead us to the conÿnes of the incomprehensible, and to bid us behold and receive it in faith, till such time as the E-mail address: [email protected] (P. -
John Von Neumann Between Physics and Economics: a Methodological Note
Review of Economic Analysis 5 (2013) 177–189 1973-3909/2013177 John von Neumann between Physics and Economics: A methodological note LUCA LAMBERTINI∗y University of Bologna A methodological discussion is proposed, aiming at illustrating an analogy between game theory in particular (and mathematical economics in general) and quantum mechanics. This analogy relies on the equivalence of the two fundamental operators employed in the two fields, namely, the expected value in economics and the density matrix in quantum physics. I conjecture that this coincidence can be traced back to the contributions of von Neumann in both disciplines. Keywords: expected value, density matrix, uncertainty, quantum games JEL Classifications: B25, B41, C70 1 Introduction Over the last twenty years, a growing amount of attention has been devoted to the history of game theory. Among other reasons, this interest can largely be justified on the basis of the Nobel prize to John Nash, John Harsanyi and Reinhard Selten in 1994, to Robert Aumann and Thomas Schelling in 2005 and to Leonid Hurwicz, Eric Maskin and Roger Myerson in 2007 (for mechanism design).1 However, the literature dealing with the history of game theory mainly adopts an inner per- spective, i.e., an angle that allows us to reconstruct the developments of this sub-discipline under the general headings of economics. My aim is different, to the extent that I intend to pro- pose an interpretation of the formal relationships between game theory (and economics) and the hard sciences. Strictly speaking, this view is not new, as the idea that von Neumann’s interest in mathematics, logic and quantum mechanics is critical to our understanding of the genesis of ∗I would like to thank Jurek Konieczny (Editor), an anonymous referee, Corrado Benassi, Ennio Cavaz- zuti, George Leitmann, Massimo Marinacci, Stephen Martin, Manuela Mosca and Arsen Palestini for insightful comments and discussion. -
Frances Trollope, Harriet Martineau, Charles Dickens and Their Perspective on the Mississippi River and the Niagara Falls
European Joint Master’s Degree – Second Cycle (D.M. 270/2004) in English and American Studies Final Thesis A British Glance over the American Landscape: Frances Trollope, Harriet Martineau, Charles Dickens and their perspective on the Mississippi River and the Niagara Falls Supervisor Ch.ma Prof.ssa Emma Sdegno Ch.mo Prof. Christoph Houswitschka University of Bamberg Graduand Eleonora Arduini Matriculation Number 848553 Academic Year 2014 / 2015 Table of Contents Introduction.................................................................................................................................3 1. Leaving England.....................................................................................................................6 1. 1 Point of view.................................................................................................................6 1.1.1 Travel Books as Narratives..................................................................................8 1.1.2 The Narrator..........................................................................................................9 1. 2 Travel writers................................................................................................................15 1.2.1 The Rise of Women Travel Writing.....................................................................15 1. 3 British Travel Writing: its Development in 19th century England ..............................21 1.3.1 Why Leaving England?.......................................................................................23 -
Auguste Comte and Positivism 1 a Free Download From
Auguste Comte and Positivism 1 A free download from http://manybooks.net PART I. PART II. Auguste Comte and Positivism Project Gutenberg's Auguste Comte and Positivism, by John-Stuart Mill This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Auguste Comte and Positivism Author: John-Stuart Mill Release Date: October 9, 2005 [EBook #16833] PART I. 2 Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AUGUSTE COMTE AND POSITIVISM *** Produced by Marc D'Hooghe AUGUSTE COMTE AND POSITIVISM BY JOHN STUART MILL 1865. * * * * * PART I. THE COURS DE PHILOSOPHIE POSITIVE. For some time much has been said, in England and on the Continent, concerning "Positivism" and "the Positive Philosophy." Those phrases, which during the life of the eminent thinker who introduced them had made their way into no writings or discussions but those of his very few direct disciples, have emerged from the depths and manifested themselves on the surface of the philosophy of the age. It is not very widely known what they represent, but it is understood that they represent something. They are symbols of a recognised mode of thought, and one of sufficient importance to induce almost all who now discuss the great problems of philosophy, or survey from any elevated point of view the opinions of the age, to take what is termed the Positivist view of things into serious consideration, and PART I. -
The Martineau Society
The Martineau Society Newsletter No. 36 January 2015 President: Prof. Ruth Watts Chairperson: Prof. John Vint Secretary: Dr. Sharon Connor Minutes Secretary: Mr. David Hamilton Treasurer: Mrs. Dee Fowles Society. Administrator: Prof. Gaby Weiner Newsletter Editor: Mr. Bruce Chilton Newsletter Administrator: Prof: Valerie Sanders Contents Page Editor’s Note 2 “Harriet Martineau, Margaret Oliphant, and That Review” 3 by Valerie Sanders “Harriet Martineau on Proper Dress for Victorian Females” 10 by Elisabeth Sanders Arbuckle “Harriet Martineau’s Illustrations of Political Economy: Her style of 19 writing on political economy” by Keiko Funaki “Harriet Martineau and Erasmus Darwin: Just Good Friends” 28 by Stuart Hobday List of Recent New Members 34 Martineau Society Contact Information 34 Postscript 35 1 ********** Martineau Society Subscription Information: Yearly subscriptions are due on January 1st. * UK: Individual members £20 // Concessionary rate £10 // Institutional membership £45. Life membership rate is £200. * Overseas: Individual members $37.50 // Concessionary rate $25. This may be paid in dollars to Prof. Elisabeth Arbuckle, Condo. Montebello M526 Trujillo Alto PR00976 USA ********** Editor’s Note It is surprising how often one falls on references to Harriet and James Martineau in present-day newspapers and publications. That Harriet is becoming more widely known is clear. No doubt this is with the help of Ali Smith and Kate Mosse, both prominent modern writers and the first celebrities to give the annual Martineau Lectures organised by the Writers’ Centre Norwich. Harriet has popped up in The Independent in an article “How the provinces rebelled when a Westminster elite blocked reform of Parliament”. The quote from Harriet was “.. -
The Social Physics Collective Matjaž Perc 1,2,3 Editorial More Than Two Centuries Ago Henri De Saint-Simon Envisaged Physical Laws to Describe Human Societies
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The social physics collective Matjaž Perc 1,2,3 EDITORIAL More than two centuries ago Henri de Saint-Simon envisaged physical laws to describe human societies. Driven by advances in statistical physics, network science, data analysis, and information technology, this vision is becoming a reality. Many of the grandest challenges of our time are of a societal nature, and methods of physics are increasingly playing a central role in improving our understanding of these challenges, and helping us to fnd innovative solutions. The Social physics Collection at Scientifc Reports is dedicated to this research. lthough we are unique and hardly predictable as individuals, research has shown that in a collective we ofen behave no diferently than particles in matter1. Indeed, many aspects of collective behavior in human societies have turned out to be remarkably predictable, and this fact has paved the way for methods of Aphysics to be applied to many contemporary societal challenges. Examples include trafc2, crime3, epidemic pro- cesses4, vaccination5, cooperation6, climate inaction7, as well as antibiotic overuse8 and moral behavior9, to name just some examples. In fact, possible synergies between physical and social sciences have been foating around in the scientifc literature for centuries. Over two centuries ago, the French political and economic theorist Henri de Saint-Simon was amongst the frst to propose that society could be described by laws similar to those in physics10. However, similar ideas have been around already in the 17th century, when Tomas Hobbes based his theory of the state on the laws of motion, in particular on the principle of inertia, which was then deduced by his contemporary Galileo Galilei11. -
Social Thermodynamics, Social Hydrodynamics and Some Mathematical Applications in Social Sciences
International Journal of Modern Social Sciences, 2013, 2(2): 94-108 International Journal of Modern Social Sciences ISSN: 2169-9917 Journal homepage: www.ModernScientificPress.com/Journals/IJMSS.aspx Florida, USA Article Social Thermodynamics, Social Hydrodynamics and Some Mathematical Applications in Social Sciences Yi-Fang Chang Department of Physics, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China Email: [email protected] Article history: Received 16 May 2013, Received in revised form 17 July 2013, Accepted 18 July 2013, Published 19 July 2013. Abstract: Based on the sameness for men or any elements in the social systems, we search the social thermodynamics, and possible entropy decrease in social sciences. Next, using the similar formulas of the preference relation and the utility function, we propose the confidence relations and the corresponding influence functions that represent various interacting strengths of different families, cliques and systems of organization. This produces a multiply connected topological economics. Further, we discuss the binary periods of the political economy by the complex function and the elliptic functions. Using the nonlinear equations of hydrodynamics we may research the formulations of the binary and multiple centers in various social systems. Finally, we propose the developed directions of society and a unification of simplicity and complexity from a new tree-field representation. The application of mathematics and physics will be an important direction of modern social science at 21 century. Keywords: social science, mathematics, thermodynamics, entropy, nonlinearity, hydrodynamics, topology, complex function 1. Introduction It is long time ago that mathematics is applied in various social sciences. This may trace to its source: Chinese Yi (I Ching, or The Book of Change) and Pythagoras. -
Harriet Martineau and Ireland Brian Conway University of Nebraska-Lincoln
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Sociology Department, Faculty Publications Sociology, Department of 2009 Harriet Martineau and Ireland Brian Conway University of Nebraska-Lincoln Michael R. Hill University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/sociologyfacpub Part of the Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, and the Social Psychology and Interaction Commons Conway, Brian and Hill, Michael R., "Harriet Martineau and Ireland" (2009). Sociology Department, Faculty Publications. 361. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/sociologyfacpub/361 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Sociology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sociology Department, Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Conway, Brian and Michael R. Hill. 2009. “Harriet Martineau and Ireland.” Pp. 47-66 in Social Thought on Ireland in the Nineteenth Century, edited by Séamas Ó Síocháin. Dublin, Ireland: University College Dublin Press. inlay CHAPTER 4 ioo: reform and the integrity of the empire, io. and Its Remedy. [1346] Shannon: Irish Harriet Martineau and Ireland [-ondon: Routledge. i. ^\[ill on Ireland', Historical 26, Journal, * BrianConway andMichael R. Hill INTRODUCTION The Victorian sociologist-novelist Harriet Martineau visited Ireland on two different occasions, first in r83z and again, twenty years later, in 1852, just six years after the Great Famine of 1846, when the country was still very much visibly affected by that event. Her latter journey covered some r)2oo miles and encompassed all four provinces that make up the island of Ireland, north and south. -
Harriet Martineau's Political Economy A
HARRIET MARTINEAU’S POLITICAL ECONOMY A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE LIBERAL ARTS IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF HISTORY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY BY ASHLEY NICOLE NELSON EDMOND, OKLAHOMA JUNE 2012 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Chapter 1. Historiography 5 Chapter 2. The Social and Political Conditions of pre-Victorian England 24 Chapter 3. Harriet Martineau: Popularizer, Propagandist, and Political Economist 57 Chapter 4. Harriet Martineau, “the Devil,” and Political Economy 87 CONCLUSION 122 BIBLIOGRAPHY 124 ii 1 INTRODUCTION The year is 1834, in the wake of Industrial Revolution England. With the sudden influx of industrial boomtowns and the burgeoning demands of the newly rising industrial middle class, economic and social tides had shifted dramatically. Indeed, political change was manifest. While the bourgeois class rose in financial prosperity and social mobility, the deplorable conditions of the working class and the poor were exacerbated. In an effort to explain and justify the rampant economic inequality extending from industrialization, several theorists from the capitalist class sought to develop and establish a branch of science known as political economy. These theorists, such as Adam Smith, Jeremy Bentham, and Thomas R. Malthus, would come to influence political and socioeconomic discourse well into the nineteenth century. While each of these three political economists differed in their particular explanation of the science of wealth, they each acknowledged the view that financial independence was the only means to achieve true individual liberation. For instance, Smith argued that economic individuality achieved through labor was the ultimate evidence of progress, but certain members of society were destined to remain poor.