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Number 90 RECORDS of ,THE UNITED STATES ANTARCTIC
~ I Number 90 RECORDS OF ,THE UNITED STATES ANTARCTIC SERVICE Compiled by Charles E. Dewing and Laura E. Kelsay j ' ·r-_·_. J·.. ; 'i The National Archives Nat i on a 1 A r c hive s and R e c o rd s S e r vi c e General Services~Administration Washington: 1955 ---'---- ------------------------ ------~--- ,\ PRELIMINARY INVENTORY OF THE RECORDS OF THE UNITED STATES ANTARCTIC SERVICE {Record Group 1 Z6) Compiled by Charles E. Dewing and Laura E. Kelsay The National Archives National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Washington: 1955 National Archives Publication No. 56-8 i\ FORENORD To analyze and describe the permanently valuable records of the Fed eral Government preserved in the National Archives Building is one of the main tasks of the National Archives. Various kinds of finding aids are needed to facilitate the use of these records, and the first step in the records-description program is the compilation of preliminary inventories of the material in the 270-odd record groups to which the holdings of the National Archives are allocated. These inventories are called "preliminary" because they are provisional in character. They are prepared.as soon as possible after the records are received without waiting to screen out all disposable material or to per fect the arrangement of the records. They are compiled primarily for in ternal use: both as finding aids to help the staff render efficient refer ence service and as a means of establishing administrative control over the records. Each preliminary inventory contains an introduction that briefly states the history and fUnctions of the agency that accumulated the records. -
JOURNAL Number Six
THE JAMES CAIRD SOCIETY JOURNAL Number Six Antarctic Exploration Sir Ernest Shackleton MARCH 2012 1 Shackleton and a friend (Oliver Locker Lampson) in Cromer, c.1910. Image courtesy of Cromer Museum. 2 The James Caird Society Journal – Number Six March 2012 The Centennial season has arrived. Having celebrated Shackleton’s British Antarctic (Nimrod) Expedition, courtesy of the ‘Matrix Shackleton Centenary Expedition’, in 2008/9, we now turn our attention to the events of 1910/12. This was a period when 3 very extraordinary and ambitious men (Amundsen, Scott and Mawson) headed south, to a mixture of acclaim and tragedy. A little later (in 2014) we will be celebrating Sir Ernest’s ‘crowning glory’ –the Centenary of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic (Endurance) Expedition 1914/17. Shackleton failed in his main objective (to be the first to cross from one side of Antarctica to the other). He even failed to commence his land journey from the Weddell Sea coast to Ross Island. However, the rescue of his entire team from the ice and extreme cold (made possible by the remarkable voyage of the James Caird and the first crossing of South Georgia’s interior) was a remarkable feat and is the reason why most of us revere our polar hero and choose to be members of this Society. For all the alleged shenanigans between Scott and Shackleton, it would be a travesty if ‘Number Six’ failed to honour Captain Scott’s remarkable achievements - in particular, the important geographical and scientific work carried out on the Discovery and Terra Nova expeditions (1901-3 and 1910-12 respectively). -
Polar Geography the Historical Development of Mcmurdo Station
This article was downloaded by: [Texas A&M University] On: 19 August 2010 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 915031382] Publisher Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- 41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Polar Geography Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t781223423 The historical development of McMurdo station, Antarctica, an environmental perspective Andrew G. Kleina; Mahlon C. Kennicutt IIb; Gary A. Wolffb; Steve T. Sweetb; Tiffany Bloxoma; Dianna A. Gielstraa; Marietta Cleckleyc a Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA b Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M, College Station, TX, USA c Uniondale High School, Uniondale, New York, USA To cite this Article Klein, Andrew G. , Kennicutt II, Mahlon C. , Wolff, Gary A. , Sweet, Steve T. , Bloxom, Tiffany , Gielstra, Dianna A. and Cleckley, Marietta(2008) 'The historical development of McMurdo station, Antarctica, an environmental perspective', Polar Geography, 31: 3, 119 — 144 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/10889370802579856 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10889370802579856 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. -
The Antarctic Sun, December 19, 1999
On the Web at http://www.asa.org December 19, 1999 Published during the austral summer at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, for the United States Antarctic Program Ski-plane crashes at AGO-6 By Aaron Spitzer The Antarctic Sun Two pilots escaped injury Sunday when their Twin Otter aircraft crashed during takeoff from an isolated landing site in East Antarctica. The plane, a deHavilland Twin Otter turboprop owned by Kenn Borek Air Ltd. and chartered to the U.S. Antarc- tic Program, was taking off around 3:15 p.m. Sunday when it caught a ski in the snow and tipped sideways. A wing hit the ground and the plane suffered Congratulations, it’s a helicopter! extensive damage. A New Zealand C-130 delivers a Bell 212 helicopter to the ice runway last week. The new The accident occurred on a tempo- arrival took the place of the Royal New Zealand Air Force helo used in the first part of the rary skiway at Automated Geophysical season. Photo by Ed Bowen. Observatory 6, located in Wilkes Land, about 800 miles northwest of McMurdo. The pilots had flown to the site earlier in the day from McMurdo Station to drop Testing tainted waters off two runway groomers, who were preparing the strip for the arrival of an By Josh Landis LC-130 Hercules ski-plane. The Antarctic Sun On Monday afternoon, another Kenn Borek Twin Otter, chartered to the Most scientists come to Antarctica because it gives them a chance to do their Italian Antarctic Program at Terra Nova work in the most pristine conditions on Earth. -
Antarctica: at the Heart of It All
4/8/2021 Antarctica: At the heart of it all Dr. Dan Morgan Associate Dean – College of Arts & Science Principal Senior Lecturer – Earth & Environmental Sciences Vanderbilt University Osher Lifelong Learning Institute Spring 2021 Webcams for Antarctic Stations III: “Golden Age” of Antarctic Exploration • State of the world • 1910s • 1900s • Shackleton (Nimrod) • Drygalski • Scott (Terra Nova) • Nordenskjold • Amundsen (Fram) • Bruce • Mawson • Charcot • Shackleton (Endurance) • Scott (Discovery) • Shackleton (Quest) 1 4/8/2021 Scurvy • Vitamin C deficiency • Ascorbic Acid • Makes collagen in body • Limits ability to absorb iron in blood • Low hemoglobin • Oxygen deficiency • Some animals can make own ascorbic acid, not higher primates International scientific efforts • International Polar Years • 1882-83 • 1932-33 • 1955-57 • 2007-09 2 4/8/2021 Erich von Drygalski (1865 – 1949) • Geographer and geophysicist • Led expeditions to Greenland 1891 and 1893 German National Antarctic Expedition (1901-04) • Gauss • Explore east Antarctica • Trapped in ice March 1902 – February 1903 • Hydrogen balloon flight • First evidence of larger glaciers • First ice dives to fix boat 3 4/8/2021 Dr. Nils Otto Gustaf Nordenskjold (1869 – 1928) • Geologist, geographer, professor • Patagonia, Alaska expeditions • Antarctic boat Swedish Antarctic Expedition: 1901-04 • Nordenskjold and 5 others to winter on Snow Hill Island, 1902 • Weather and magnetic observations • Antarctic goes north, maps, to return in summer (Dec. 1902 – Feb. 1903) 4 4/8/2021 Attempts to make it to Snow Hill Island: 1 • November and December, 1902 too much ice • December 1902: Three meant put ashore at hope bay, try to sledge across ice • Can’t make it, spend winter in rock hut 5 4/8/2021 Attempts to make it to Snow Hill Island: 2 • Antarctic stuck in ice, January 1903 • Crushed and sinks, Feb. -
Local Climatology of Fast Ice in Mcmurdo Sound, Antarctica
Antarctic Science page 1 of 18 (2018) © Antarctic Science Ltd 2018 doi:10.1017/S0954102017000578 Local climatology of fast ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica STACY KIM1, BEN SAENZ2, JEFF SCANNIELLO3, KENDRA DALY4 and DAVID AINLEY5 1Moss Landing Marine Labs, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA 2Resource Management Associates, 756 Picasso Ave G, Davis, CA 95618, USA 3United States Antarctic Program, 7400 S. Tucson Way, Centennial, CO 90112, USA 4University of South Florida - Saint Petersburg, 140 7th Ave S, MSL 220C, St Petersburg, FL 33701, USA 5HT Harvey and Associates, 983 University Ave, Los Gatos, CA 95032, USA [email protected] Abstract: Fast ice plays important physical and ecological roles: as a barrier to wind, waves and radiation, as both barrier and safe resting place for air-breathing animals, and as substrate for microbial communities. While sea ice has been monitored for decades using satellite imagery, high-resolution imagery sufficient to distinguish fast ice from mobile pack ice extends only back to c. 2000. Fast ice trends may differ from previously identified changes in regional sea ice distributions. To investigate effects of climate and human activities on fast ice dynamics in McMurdo Sound, Ross Sea, the sea and fast ice seasonal events (1978–2015), ice thicknesses and temperatures (1986–2014), wind velocities (1973–2015) and dates that an icebreaker annually opens a channel to McMurdo Station (1956–2015) are reported. A significant relationship exists between sea ice concentration and fast ice extent in the Sound. While fast/sea ice retreat dates have not changed, fast/sea ice reaches a minimum later and begins to advance earlier, in partial agreement with changes in Ross Sea regional pack ice dynamics. -
Monitoring the Impact of Scott Base in Antarctica
Monitoring the Impact of Scott Base in Antarctica: A Recent Evaluation of Wastewater, Water and Soil Quality at Pram Point, Ross Island. Thomas Mervyn Williams A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science at the University of Canterbury University of Canterbury 2012 “…although scientific research in Antarctica is of paramount importance in addressing climatic and environmental challenges, there is no doubt that the value of Antarctica for science should be weighed against the environmental impact of scientific work and its logistic support.” Bargagli (2005) ii Abstract Antarctica is widely perceived as the most untouched continent on Earth. However, increasing anthropogenic presence in Antarctica is creating continual pressure on the pristine environment. To protect the Antarctic environment, monitoring and reporting procedures must be a priority for Nations wishing to conduct research on the continent. A significant contributor to environmental degradation is poor waste management and waste disposal, in particular the discharge of sewage and wastewater into the marine environment. This study provides information on the potential impact of Scott Base wastewater on the local marine environment, which can be used to improve operating systems and as a tool to ultimately reduce the environmental footprint of the base. This study investigated the characteristics of the sewage from Scott Base, Antarctica, and the water quality within the wastewater discharge plume beneath the sea ice. Results from seawater analysis were then compared with Redvers (2000) to give an indication of how contamination levels have changed over the last decade. Results show that in the vicinity of the wastewater outfall, seawater samples contained no faecal coliforms or Escherichia coli. -
Mm^Umamm a N E W S B U L L E T I N
mm^umamm A N E W S B U L L E T I N p u b l i s h e d q u a r t e r l y b y t h e NEW ZEALAND ANTARCTIC SOCIETY ■ H.M.N.Z.S. ENDEAVOUR about to tie up in Winter Quarters Bay. On right, Vince's Cross and Scott's hut. J. Calvert photo. MARCH, 1965 AUSTRALIA Winter and Summer bases Scott- S u m m e r b a s e o n l y t H a l l e f t "cton NEW ZEALAND Transferred base Wilkes UStcAust Temporarily non -operational. .KSyowa TASMANIA , Campbell I. (N-l) , ^ V - r . ^ ^ N . AT // \$ 5«|* Pasar'C ^rd(i/.sA . *"Vp»tuk , N |(I/.«.AJ i - S c o t t ( U . 5 J i t - A N T A R. M^ciJ ^>cwj a fi/V wX " < S M a u d **$P -Marion I. ttM DRAWN BY DEPARTMENT OF LANDS 1 SURVEY WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND, MAR.I9l»4- 1 " . " E D I T I O N m ilHl^IBS^IKB^k (Successor to "Antarctic News Bulletin") MARCH, 1965 Editor: L. B. Quartermain, M.A., 1 Ariki Road, Wellington, E.2, New Zealand. Business Communications, Subscriptions, etc., to: Secretary, New Zealand Antarctic Society, P.O. Box 2110, Wellington, N.Z. CONTENTS EXPEDITIONS New Zealand The Central Nimrod Glacier Geological Expedition: M. G. Laird Victoria University Research in Ice-free Areas: W. M. Prebble The D-region Project: J. B. Gregory France United States First Leg of Traverse Australia Belgium-Holland U.S.S.R South Africa Argentina United Kingdom Chile Japan Sub-Antarctic Islands British South Georgia Expedition Big Ben Conquered Special Articles: Hallett Closed Antarctic Stations—I. -
Roald Amundsen and Robert Scott: Amundsen’S Earlier Voyages and Experience
Roald Amundsen and Robert Scott: Amundsen’s earlier voyages and experience. • Roald Amundsen joined the Belgian Antarctic Expedition (1897–99) as first mate. • This expedition, led by Adrien de Gerlache using the ship the RV Belgica, became the first expedition to winter in Antarctica. Voyage in research vessel Belgica. • The Belgica, whether by mistake or design, became locked in the sea ice at 70°30′S off Alexander Island, west of the Antarctic Peninsula. • The crew endured a winter for which they were poorly prepared. • RV Belgica frozen in the ice, 1898. Gaining valuable experience. • By Amundsen's own estimation, the doctor for the expedition, the American Frederick Cook, probably saved the crew from scurvy by hunting for animals and feeding the crew fresh meat • In cases where citrus fruits are lacking, fresh meat from animals that make their own vitamin C (which most do) contains enough of the vitamin to prevent scurvy, and even partly treat it. • This was an important lesson for Amundsen's future expeditions. Frederick Cook с. 1906. Another successful voyage. • In 1903, Amundsen led the first expedition to successfully traverse Canada's Northwest Passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. • He planned a small expedition of six men in a 45-ton fishing vessel, Gjøa, in order to have flexibility. Gjøa today. Sailing westward. • His ship had relatively shallow draft. This was important since the depth of the sea was about a metre in some places. • His technique was to use a small ship and hug the coast. Amundsen had the ship outfitted with a small gasoline engine. -
Natural and Anthropogenic Disturbance in Mcmurdo Sound, Antarctica: Iceberg Scours, Human-Derived Pollutants, and Their Effects on Benthic Communities
San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Master's Theses Master's Theses and Graduate Research Fall 2015 Natural and Anthropogenic Disturbance in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: Iceberg Scours, Human-Derived Pollutants, and their Effects on Benthic Communities Clint Alan Collins San Jose State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses Recommended Citation Collins, Clint Alan, "Natural and Anthropogenic Disturbance in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: Iceberg Scours, Human-Derived Pollutants, and their Effects on Benthic Communities" (2015). Master's Theses. 4629. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.bu3s-5bp7 https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4629 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses and Graduate Research at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC DISTURBANCE IN MCMURDO SOUND, ANTARCTICA: ICEBERG SCOURS, HUMAN-DERIVED POLLUTANTS, AND THEIR EFFECTS ON BENTHIC COMMUNITIES A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Marine Science San Jose State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Masters in Marine Science by Clint Alan Collins December 2015 © 2015 Clint A. Collins ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The Designated Thesis Committee Approves the Thesis Titled NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC DISTURBANCE IN MCMURDO SOUND, ANTARCTICA: ICEBERG SCOURS, HUMAN-DERIVED POLLUTANTS, AND THEIR EFFECTS ON BENTHIC COMMUNITIES by Clint Alan Collins APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF MARINE SCIENCE SAN JOSÉ STATE UNIVERSITY December 2015 Dr. Stacy Kim Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Dr. Ivano Aiello Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Dr. -
Epifaunal Community Response to Iceberg-Mediated Environmental Change in Mcmurdo Sound, Antarctica
Vol. 613: 1–14, 2019 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published March 21 https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12899 Mar Ecol Prog Ser OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS FEATURE ARTICLE Epifaunal community response to iceberg-mediated environmental change in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica Stacy Kim1,*, Kamille Hammerstrom1, Paul Dayton2 1Moss Landing Marine Labs, 8272 Moss Landing Rd., Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA 2Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0227, La Jolla, CA 92093-0227, USA ABSTRACT: High-latitude marine communities are dependent on sea ice patterns. Sea ice cover limits light, and hence primary production and food supply. Plankton, carried by currents from open water to areas under the sea ice, provides a transitory food resource that is spatially and temporally variable. We recorded epifaunal abundances at 17 sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, over 12 yr, and found differences in communities based on location and time. The differences in location support patterns observed in long-term infaunal studies, which are primarily driven by currents, food availability, and larval supply. The temporal differences, highlighting 2004 and 2009 as years of change, match the altered persistence of sea ice in the region, caused by the appearance and disappearance of mega-icebergs. Benthic communities in Antarctica show temporal shifts in The temporal changes were driven by changes in response to changes in sea ice and planktonic food supply. abundance of species that filter feed on large partic- Zyzzyzus parvula is one key species. ulates. The shift in current patterns that occurred due Photo: Rob Robbins to mega-icebergs decreased the normal food supply in the region. -
A Century of Polar Expedition Films: from Roald 83 Amundsen to Børge Ousland Jan Anders Diesen
NOT A BENE Small Country, Long Journeys Norwegian Expedition Films Edited by Eirik Frisvold Hanssen and Maria Fosheim Lund 10 NASJONALBIBLIOTEKETS SKRIFTSERIE SKRIFTSERIE NASJONALBIBLIOTEKETS Small Country, Long Journeys Small Country, Long Journeys Norwegian Expedition Films Edited by Eirik Frisvold Hanssen and Maria Fosheim Lund Nasjonalbiblioteket, Oslo 2017 Contents 01. Introduction 8 Eirik Frisvold Hanssen 02. The Amundsen South Pole Expedition Film and Its Media 24 Contexts Espen Ytreberg 03. The History Lesson in Amundsen’s 1910–1912 South Pole 54 Film Footage Jane M. Gaines 04. A Century of Polar Expedition Films: From Roald 83 Amundsen to Børge Ousland Jan Anders Diesen 05. Thor Iversen and Arctic Expedition Film on the 116 Geographical and Documentary Fringe in the 1930s Bjørn Sørenssen 06. Through Central Borneo with Carl Lumholtz: The Visual 136 and Textual Output of a Norwegian Explorer Alison Griffiths 07. In the Wake of a Postwar Adventure: Myth and Media 178 Technologies in the Making of Kon-Tiki Axel Andersson and Malin Wahlberg 08. In the Contact Zone: Transculturation in Per Høst’s 212 The Forbidden Jungle Gunnar Iversen 09. Filmography 244 10. Contributors 250 01. Introduction Eirik Frisvold Hanssen This collection presents recent research on Norwegian expedition films, held in the film archive of the National Library of Norway. At the center of the first three chapters is film footage made in connec- tion with Roald Amundsen’s Fram expedition to the South Pole in 1910–12. Espen Ytreberg examines the film as part of a broader media event, Jane Gaines considers how the film footage in conjunc- tion with Amundsen’s diary can be used in the writing of history, and Jan Anders Diesen traces the century-long tradition of Norwe- gian polar expedition film, from Amundsen up to the present.