Recreational Boating
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COMPATIBILITY DETERMINATION USE: Recreational Boating REFUGE NAME: Southwest Arizona National Wildlife Refuge Complex (comprised of Cibola, Imperial, and Kofa National Wildlife Refuges [NWR, refuge or refuges]). Kofa National Wildlife Refuge is not included in this use. There are no aquatic areas suitable for boating on Kofa NWR. ESTABLISHING AND ACQUISITION AUTHORITIES: Cibola NWR Public Land Order 3442, August 21, 1964; established the 16,627-acre Cibola NWR. Public Law No: 109-127, December 7, 2005; transferred 140.32 acres near Walter’s Camp from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) to the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Between 1964 and 2006, lands were added to the refuge by various means including transfer from other federal agencies, lease, purchase, and donation bringing the total refuge acreage to its current 18,444.67 acres. Imperial NWR Executive Order 8685, Feb. 14, 1941; established the 51,090-acre Imperial NWR. Public Land Order 2630, 1962; revoked Bureau of Reclamation withdrawals in California as part of the Colorado River Storage Project. Public Land Order 3032, 1963 (28 FR 3695) (in part); transferred 3,911 acres in California from the Service to the BLM. Public Land Order 4367, 1968 (33 FR 3228) (in part); transferred 17617.23 acres in California and Arizona from the Service to the BLM. Public Law 100-696, 1988 (102 Stat. 4595) (in part); transferred land in Arizona from the Service to the State of Arizona. Public Land Order 7045, 1994 (59 FR 24947)(in part); transferred 3.75 acres of public land including lands from the Service to the State of Arizona to open land for mineral leasing and surface entry and mining (following Santa Rita Legislation). The Wilderness Act, 16 U.S.C. § 1131; Public Law 101-628, 1990; designated 9,220 acres in Arizona as wilderness area, entitled “Imperial Refuge Wilderness.” Public Law 103-433, 1994; designated and added 5,836 acres in California to “Imperial Refuge Wilderness.” REFUGE PURPOSE(S): Cibola NWR Cibola NWR was established on August 21, 1964, by Public Land Order 3442. It was “…reserved for use of the … United States Fish and Wildlife Service, as the Cibola National Wildlife Refuge” and ‘…subject to their use for reclamation purposes or wildlife refuge purposes.” Compatibility Determination for Recreational Boating on the Southwest Arizona NWR Complex 1 Imperial NWR Imperial NWR was established February 14, 1941, by Executive Order 8685, “… as a refuge and breeding ground for migratory birds and other wildlife…The Refuge “…is subject to their use for the purposes of the Colorado River Storage Project.” The Wilderness Act of 1964, as amended, established the National Wilderness Preservation System and mandates that wilderness areas be administered for the use and enjoyment of the American people in such a manner as will leave them unimpaired for future use and enjoyment as wilderness. Congress designated 9,220 acres of Imperial NWR, as wilderness through the 1990 Arizona Desert Wilderness Act and an additional 5,836 acres as wilderness through the California Desert Protection Act of 1994, bringing the total refuge wilderness acreage to 15,056 acres. For refuges that encompass Congressionally-designated wilderness, the purposes of the Wilderness Act are additional purposes of the wilderness portion of that refuge (603 FW 2 2.6). The Lower Colorado River Land Use Plan (USDOI 1964) describes the high wildlife values of Imperial NWR and, the proposed establishment of Cibola NWR. The document describes their wildlife values and expresses that creating Cibola NWR will “preserve and enhance the ancestral waterfowl wintering grounds essential to the maintenance of adequate waterfowl population in the Pacific Flyway. In 1994, the Service developed a Comprehensive Management Plan (CMP) for the lower Colorado River refuges (USFWS 1994). The CMP describes the desired future conditions of the refuges and provides long-range guidance and management direction to achieve refuge purposes; helps fulfill the National Wildlife Refuge System mission; maintains, and where appropriate, restores the ecological integrity of each refuge and the Refuge System; helps achieve the goals of the National Wilderness Preservation System; and meet other mandates. The CMP discusses issues such as river recreation impacts both within and outside the boundaries of the four national wildlife refuges located along the lower Colorado River. The CMP specifically addressed boating in the following goal and objective: ● Goal #12, Objective #2 is to protect wildlife resources by implementing the appropriate zoning policy for sensitive areas of the refuges, especially those pertaining to endangered species. Each refuge manager will review existing refuge zoning regulations and implement zones that take into account refuge purposes and the proximity to other jurisdictions that are more conducive to the non-wildlife oriented uses (i.e., water skiing, jet skiing areas). NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM MISSION: “The mission of the Refuge System is to administer a national network of lands and waters for the conservation, management and, where appropriate, restoration of the fish, wildlife, and plant resources and their habitats within the United States for the benefit of present and future generations of Americans” (National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997, Public Law 105-57 [Improvement Act]). DESCRIPTION OF USE: What is the use? The use of motorized and non-motorized watercraft (which includes jet skis and is hereby referred to as “boating or recreational boating”) occurs on Imperial and Cibola NWRs. Compatibility Determination for Recreational Boating on the Southwest Arizona NWR Complex 2 Although boating is not one of the priority public uses defined by the Improvement Act, some boating activities such as wildlife observation, wildlife photography, fishing, and hunting can support wildlife-dependent recreational uses. Boats currently used on the refuges range from high-powered jet boats to non-motorized canoes and kayaks. When is the use conducted? Boating is permitted 24 hours a day, year-round on the refuges, with the majority of recreational boating occurring between Memorial Day and Labor Day and primarily during daylight hours. Fishing at night is permitted on both refuges; however, camping or overnight mooring of boats is prohibited. Where is the use conducted? Boating occurs throughout the refuges in the main channel of the lower Colorado River, in the Old River Channel, and in connected and disconnected backwaters of the lower Colorado River (e.g., Cibola Lake, Pretty Water, Three Fingers Lake, Hart Mine Marsh, Adobe Lake, Island Lake, Ferguson Lake, Martinez Lake). The Old River Channel can be accessed by boat via the main river channel at the south end or by a gravel launch on the refuge west of Pretty Water, or by either of the private launches at Mitchell’s Camp and Walter’s Camp. There are two gravel boat access ramps available for motorized (trolling motor only) and non-motorized vessels at Cibola Lake and a third access point accessible only for hand launch boats at the south end of the lake. There is one gravel boat ramp at Pretty Water and one at Three Fingers Lake. There are three small ramps at Hart Mine Marsh, primarily for small vessels used during waterfowl hunting. Island Lake and Adobe Lake are accessible by boat only from the main river channel. Ferguson Lake and Taylor Lake can be accessed by the main river channel and also have boat ramps managed by the BLM and California Department of Parks and Recreation. Two boat ramps are available for launching a boat into the main river channel at Picacho State Recreation Area (fee required). Martinez Lake can be accessed via the main river channel or by launching a boat at nearby private facilities or the concrete boat ramp at Meers Point on Imperial NWR. The majority of the main river channel portions of Ferguson Lake and outside the no-wake or closed buoy line at Martinez Lake (both of the latter are outside refuge jurisdiction), provide ample opportunities for multiple recreational boating activities including waterskiing, wakeboarding, and tubing. How is the use conducted? Currently, boaters participate in varied recreational activities on Imperial and Cibola NWRs including wildlife observation, wildlife photography, fishing, and hunting. Though boating is an activity that the refuge is continuing to support for wildlife-dependent recreational activities, special conditions apply at different locations. These special conditions include no wake zones and use of trolling motors for the protection and recovery of wildlife, specifically endangered Yuma Ridgway’s rails (Rallus obsoletus yumanensis) and other water birds that build nests in emergent aquatic vegetation near the water surface where nests are susceptible to damage by vessel wakes (Reichholf 1976). Water skiing, wake boarding, and other tow behind boating activities are restricted on portions of the main river channel and in all backwaters. Compatibility Determination for Recreational Boating on the Southwest Arizona NWR Complex 3 Why is this use being proposed? Boating can provide opportunities to engage in priority wildlife- dependent recreational uses of the National Wildlife Refuge System (Refuge System), as stipulated in the Improvement Act, such as wildlife observation and wildlife photography and can provide access for hunting and fishing opportunities. The refuges offer the unique opportunity to utilize boating to support wildlife-dependent recreational uses in safe and undeveloped surroundings. AVAILABILITY OF RESOURCES: Recreational boating on the refuges is managed by refuge staff and primarily enforced by federal wildlife officers (FWOs). Enforcement assistance is provided in partnership with Arizona Game and Fish Department law enforcement officers and Yuma, La Paz, and Imperial County Sheriff’s Departments, as appropriate. During a five-year period (2012 to 2016), there were 38 Service-documented boating violations on Imperial and Cibola NWRs related to operating a boat outside of refuge, U.S. Coast Guard, and State regulations (USFWS 2017). There are currently two FWOs that patrol Imperial and Cibola NWRs.