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BI-MONTHLY OUTREACH JOURNAL OF NATIONAL TIGER CONSERVATION AUTHORITY TIGER CONSERVATION OFNATIONAL OUTREACHJOURNAL BI-MONTHLY Voume 7Issue1 Voume LANDMARKS STRATEGIES GOVERNMENT OF INDIA OF GOVERNMENT CHALLENGES ACHIEVEMENTS PERSPECTIVES January -February2016 INITIATIVES EDITOR : KANHA TIGER Bishan Singh Bonal RESERVE Innovations EDITORIAL and Best COORDINATOR: Management Dr. Vaibhav C. Mathur Practices Meeting of the EDITORIAL Chief Wildlife CONSULTANTS: Warden and Field PERILS FACED BY DISPERSING TIGERS: Himanshu Malhotra Directors of Tiger A case study from Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve of Madhya Pradesh Sabina Kidwai Reserves FEEDBACK : NTCA Review meeting Wildlife health Paryavaran Bhawan CGO held on the 3rd Ticks in the Complex New Delhi Asia Ministerial Ecosystem [email protected] Conference Cover Photograph Anant Zanjale BI-MONTHLY OUTREACH JOURNAL OF NATIONAL TIGER CONSERVATION AUTHORITY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Note from the Editor Kanha Tiger Reserve is one of the best managed tiger reserve in the country and important source area in Central Indian Region of Madhya Pradesh. The reserve has undertaken several innovative initiatives including flagship activities, i.e. village relocation from critical tiger habitat, and as a result, no village exists now in core area of Kanha Tiger Reserve. Improvement of reclaimed village sites by augmenting quality grasslands has restricted dispersal of endangered hard ground barasingha. Corridor connectivity planning, skill development training, creation of Kanha Development Fund have been crucial for improvement of management skills. Reintroduction of black bucks, alongwith translocation of gaur, hard ground barasingha, rewilding of orphan cubs are some of the conspicuous innovative initiatives undertaken by Kanha Tiger Reserve and these are highlighted in present issue. The frequent perils faced by dispersing tigers of Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve has been highlighted by Shri Narendra Kumar, ex- PCCF & CWLW, Madhya Pradesh in this issue, which will serve as reference for future. In the meeting of Chief Wildlife Wardens and Field Directors of Tiger Reserves various issues including status of Tiger Conservation Plan, notification of eco-sensitive zone, staff position in tiger reserves, expeditious finalization of tiger mortality, timely completion of Phase-IV monitoring etc. were discussed threadbare. The issue also highlights about the meeting convened for initiative for security audit of tiger reserves and preparation of manual for investigation, trade and traffic. Photo Credit : NTCA Library : NTCA Credit Photo KANHA TIGER RESERVE Innovations and Best Management Practices JS Chauhan & Rakesh Shukla rich in natural heritage. Besides area sustain thousands of wild a viable population of tigers and ungulates that in turn support the only world population of the species of carnivores, including Kanha Tiger Reserve hard ground barasingha, a wide several endangered species. Past spectrum of plant and animal history of forest management, Amongst the first nine tiger reserves species considerably add to the anthropogenity of grasslands, total notified during 1973-74 in India, significance of this landscape. rainfall and its pattern, ecological the Kanha tiger reserve forms part succession and natural intricacies of an eco-region once renowned The tiger reserve consists of a core have a strong bearing on the vegetal internationally for its rich floral (Critical Tiger Habitat) of 917.43 status of these wildlife habitats. The and faunal attributes. Nestled sq. km. and a buffer zone (Multiple stated objectives of conservation essentially on the northern slopes Use Area) of 1134 sq. km., and and management of the National of the Maikal hills of the Satpuras is being managed under a core- Park include increasing population in central Indian highlands, and buffer strategy. Presently, there is growth of the endangered hard falling administratively in the no village inside the core and 161 ground barasingha that depends Mandla and Balaghat districts of villages in the buffer. exclusively on grasslands and Madhya Pradesh, the present tiger to manage the over-all diversity reserve and its surrounds were Habitat Management of wildlife habitats, including proud witnesses to an amazing era grasslands/ meadows, and ensuring of conservation history. The Kanha Regular improvement/ restoration equitable distribution of water landscape of sal (Shorea robusta) of wildlife habitats in the Kanha for supporting a good prey base and mixed woodland interspersed National Park is a very important for carnivores, specially tigers. In with grassy expanses chronicles conservation practice. Different this way, managerial interventions a glorious history of wildlife wildlife habitats in the protected become all the more important to conservation, and is potentially STRIPES | Jan-Feb 2016 | 3 reverse or stabilize degradation/ regression of wildlife habitats. The management practices incorporate annual and perennial weed eradication, brushwood/ phoenix eradication, restocking of grassland and water development. The National Tiger Conservation Authority, New Delhi, Govt. of India has recognized this management practice and awarded the tiger reserve with the NTCA award for excellence (Habitat Management) for 2010-11. Special Conservation Inputs for Zanjale : Anant Credit Photo Barasingha recorded by the management. The • Surveillance of epidemics The central Indian barasingha following special initiatives are • Translocation of barasingha to is a majestic endangered deer underway for the conservation of its historical range species whose population had endangered deer: • Special enclosure for been steadily declined since the • Habitat improvement: multiplication 1930s. The population declined • Weed eradication • Translocation for to an all time low of 66 animals • Eradication of woody species reintroduction in 1970. The resurrection of this • Maintenance of tall grasses cervid from 66 animals to now • Grass exclosures for relieving Village Relocation from the Core around 650 is regarded as an pressure amazing conservation success. The • Shallow water points As many as 35 forest villages have conservation of this deer species • Swamp/ marsh creation been relocated from the core area requires a long-term strategy • Wallows as per the guidelines issued by based on the past and present • Daily monitoring the Govt. of Madhya Pradesh and experiences and observations • Mortality survey the NTCA, New Delhi, with due compensation package. During the past four years seven forest villages have been relocated under option-1 of the National Tiger Conservation Authority. Presently the core is completely free from biotic pressure. Village relocation has helped in reclaiming a substantial chunk of plain land for improvement as grassland for ungulates. Improvement of Reclaimed Village Sites Photo Credit : NTCA Library : NTCA Credit Photo Habitat Management Special effort has been launched 4 | Jan - Feb 2016 | STRIPES population of the Indian gaur, and the management had modest exposure to such teamwork in the past, it was naturally the first choice for these operations. Eventually, in January, 2011 and March, 2012, field operations were carried out to capture, restrain, load and translocate a total of 51 gaur to the Bandhavgarh tiger reserve. This was remarkable reintroduction undertaking which received profuse accolades from all quarters. These animals are currently doing well. Translocation of Hard Ground Photo Credit : Anant Zanjale Zanjale : Anant Credit Photo Barasingha Amid national and international to convert these abandoned village these corridor conservation plans applause, the successful sites into quality grasslands. which are under submission to conservation of the hard ground The response of wild ungulates the National Tiger Conservation barasingha had slowly but is on expected lines, and these Authority, New Delhi. steadily increased its population areas are now being used. These in Kanha. It was, however, also additional grassland habitats are keenly discussed that this small also very crucial for dispersal Reintroduction of Blackbucks population was still faced with of the endangered hard ground several threats. In the backdrop of barasingha whose survival solely The local extinction of the blackbuck these opinions and considerations, depends on grasslands. from Kanha was regarded as a blow it was decided that a few barasingha to biodiversity, and the Kanha should first be introduced into Corridor Connectivity Planning management decided to give it a the Van Vihar national park by try and reintroduce some animals non-invasive capture, and after Though the connectivity between into extensive areas of short grass refining and improving upon the Kanha tiger reserve and these with low density of shrub and entire operation, some animals protected areas may be weak, woody species, which would serve be reintroduced into the Satpuda there is ample scope for ensuring as good rehabilitation sites for the tiger reserve. A comprehensive gene flow from the Kanha core blackbuck in the core. Some of these capture, transportation and release conservation unit by resorting to sites are: Matigahan, Yusufdadar, protocol was prepared to the appropriate site-specific restorative Silpura, Mundidadar, Deoridadar, minutest details and nothing was management. Thus, KanhaAdwardadar and Dulhadadar. left to chance. Specially designed tiger reserve has considerable in-situ enclosures with improved significance as a conservation Translocation of Gaur
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