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Palynology and Stratigraphy of Cretaceous and Pleistocene Sediments on Long Island, New York-A Basis for Correlation with New Jersey Coastal Plain Sediments

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Palynology and Stratigraphy of Cretaceous and Pleistocene Sediments on Long Island, New York-A Basis for Correlation with New Jersey Coastal Plain Sediments Palynology and Stratigraphy of Cretaceous and Pleistocene Sediments on Long Island, New York-A Basis for Correlation with New Jersey Coastal Plain Sediments U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1559 Prepa'red in cooperation with the Nassau County Department of Public Works and the Suffolk County Department of Health Services Palynology and Stratigraphy of Cretaceous and Pleistocene Sediments on Long Island, New York-A Basis for Correlation with New Jersey Coastal Plain Sediments By L. A. SIRKIN u.s. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1559 Prepared in cooperation with the Nassau County Department of Public Works and the Suffolk County Department of Health Services UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1986 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL HODEL, Serretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sirkin, Leslie A. Palynology and stratigraphy of Cretaceous and Pleistocene sediments on Long Island, New York-a basis for correlation with New Jersey coastal plain sediments. (U.S. Geological Survey bulletiin; 1559) "Prepared in cooperation with the Nassau County Department of Public Works and Suffolk County Department of Health Services." Bibliography: p. 27 Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.3:1559 1. Palynology-New York (State)-Long Island. 2. Palynology-New Jersey. 3. Geology, Stratigraphic-Cretaceous. 4. Geology, Stratigraphic-Pleistocene. 5. Geology-New York (State)-Long Island. 6. Geology-New Jersey. I. Title. II. Series: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 1559. QE75.B9 no. 1559 557.3 s [561 '.13'0974721] 84-600343 [QE993] For sale by the Boob and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225 CONTENTS Page ~bstract --------------------------------------------------------- 1 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------ 1 ~se and scope ---------------------------------------------- 1 Previous studies ------------------------------------------------ 2 ~ethods ------------------------------------------------------ 4 ~cknowledgments ---------------------------------------------- 4 Stratigraphy ------------------------------------------------------ 6 Palynology -------------------------------------------------------- 6 Well 829776 in Melville ----------------------------------------- 6 Well S27739 in Wyandanch -------------------------------------- 9 Well S24769 in Brentwood --------------------------------------- 13 Well S24772 in Brentwood --------------------------------------- 14 Well S22910 in Brentwood --------------------------------------- 14 Well S22577 in Ronkonkoma ------------------------------------- 15 Well S33379 near Lake Ronkonkoma------------------------------ 15 Well S52490 in Terryville ---------------------------------------- 17 Wells S6409 and S6434 in Brookhaven ---------------------------- 17 Well S30271 near Riverhead ------------------------------------- 18 Well 821091 on Fire Island -------------------------------------- 19 Well S52162 on Smith Point ------------------------------------- 20 Discussion -------------------------------------------------------- 23 Stratigraphic correlations ---------------------------------------- 23 Structural implications ------------------------------------------ 25 Conclusions ------------------------------------------------------- 26 References cited --------------------------------------------------- 27 ILLUSTRATIONS Page FIGURE 1. Map of Long Island showing locations of wells -------------- 3 2. Geologic sections of study area --------------------------- 8 3. Stratigraphic distribution of Late Cretaceous index angiosperm pollen in core samples from Suffolk County wells and correlation with sediments of the Raritan embayment of New Jersey--- 11 iii IV CONTENTS TABLES Page TABLE 1. Pollen zones of the Upper Cretaceous sediments in Long Island and correlation with sediments of the Raritan embayment of New Jersey 5 2. List of index palynomorphs in Long Island well samples -------- 32 CONVERSION FACTORS AND ABBREVIATIONS The following conversion factors may be used to convert the units given in this report to metric units. Multiply By To obtain foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m) mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km) DATUM NGVD of 1929, National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929, formerly called mean sea level. All land-surface elevations reported herein are in feet above NGVD of 1929. NGVD of 1929 is referred to as sea level in this report. PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF CRETACEOUS AND PLEISTOCENE SEDIMENTS ON LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK-A BASIS FOR CORRELATION WITH NEW JERSEY COASTAL PLAIN SEDIMENTS By L. A. SIRKIN ABSTRACT Palynology of sediments from 13 test wells in Suffolk County forms the basis for biostratigraphic zonation of the Late Cretaceous of much of Long Island and correla­ tion with the Raritan embayment in New Jersey. The oldest polleniferous strata cor­ relate with those in the Woodbridge Clay Member of the Raritan Formation (Cenomanian Age) in New Jersey, equivalent to pollen zone IV. Depending on the age of the confin­ ing clay layers, the Lloyd aquifer in Long Island is equivalent to the Farrington Sand Member in the lower part of the Raritan, Sayreville Sand Member in the middle part of the Raritan, or Old Bridge Sand Member in the lower part of the Magothy Forma­ tion in New Jersey. The most widespread pollen zones are V (equivalent to the South Amboy Fire Clay Member of the Raritan), VII (equivalent to the Amboy Stoneware Clay Member of the Magothy), and CA -1 (equivalent to the informally named Morgan and Cliffwood beds of the Magothy) in New Jersey. Sediments equivalent to these­ quence of Merchantville Formation through Mount Laurel Sand (Campanian) in New Jersey are revealed in zones CA-2 through CA-5. Strata in the Monmouth Group in Long Island are associated with pollen zones MA-1/CA-6, thereby extending correla­ tions to the Maestrichtian Navesink Formation and Red Band Sand of the Monmouth Group in New Jersey. The Upper Cretaceous sediments are found in a troughlike structure that dips southward under the Long Island platform. Upper Pleistocene sediments overlie the Cretaceous units and include beds generally named the Gardiners Clay. These beds con­ tain pollen of temperate floras, but their stratigraphy remains problematical. INTRODUCTION PURPOSE AND SCOPE Identification of stratigraphic zones on the basis of fossil content is an important geologic method for areal correlation of sedimentary 2 PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY, LONG ISLAND deposits where lithologic correlation is ambiguous. This study was undertaken to (1) provide detailed stratigraphic information on the Upper Cretaceous rocks of Long Island and (2) correlate Upper Cretaceous rocks on Long Island with the Cretaceous formations of the Raritan embayment of northeastern New Jersey, where the same pollen zones have been recognized in deposits rich in organic matter. The correlation is based on an evolving palynomorph zonation that revises stratigraphic interpretations. The application of the pollen zonation to the Upper Cretaceous sequence of Long Island clarifies the stratigraphic succession and links its stratigraphy with that of the mid-Atlantic region. Core samples from a row of 11 test wells (fig. 1) spanning western and central Suffolk County were analyzed from 1977 to 1980; two additional well sections in southern Suffolk County were included for correlation and evaluation. The uppermost samples in several boreholes are Pleistocene in age and have been in­ cluded in this study. PREVIOUS STUDIES Geologists and hydrologists who have studied the Long Island region have long relied on lithic correlations as the basis for identify­ ing rock units and aquifers. The recurrence of similar rock types in most wells has facilitated regional correlations at the stratigraphic group level and has also led to simplified interpretations of the geology, as typified by the geologic section depicted in Jensen and Soren (1974, sheet 1, hydrogeologic sections). Since the mid-1950's, Cretaceous deposits in the mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain have been analyzed for pollen and spore content. A biostratigraphic zonation for the Early Cretaceous was initially pro­ posed by Brenner (1963), who noted a distinct difference in pollen and spore assemblages between the Lower Cretaceous Potomac Group and the lower part of the Upper Cretaceous Raritan Formation of Maryland. The development of a palynologic zonation for the Late Cretaceous (table 1) was enhanced by evolutionary changes of increasing complex­ ity seen in the Cretaceous angiosperm pollen and the gradual emergence of pollen with more modern characteristics. Palynologic zonations for the Late Cretaceous have been made in several works­ for example, Doyle (1969), Sirkin (1974), Wolfe (1976), and Christopher (1979); the last named covers the major contributions in this field since 1973. Other contributors to Late Cretaceous biostratigraphy are Wolfe and Pakiser (1971), Doyle and Robbins (1977), and Christopher (1977). To a large degree, these studies are based on works by Owens and others (1968, 1970, 1977) and Owens and Sohl (1969), who established 45' 30' 15' 73°00' 45' 30' 15' 72°00' 7 c::::;=; IV v I __ :::J--- I / / YORK .,./"'CONNECTICUT sov~D \~ n/ t..J\~D lS 41°00' z~ ~ ~ t:l ~ EXPLANATION ~ ~ 30271. Well and identification number. 0 Prefix N for Nassau County z or S for Suffolk County are omitted p.'fl>,..~'fl c 0 5 10 20 MILES l""i""l1111 111 11 I I I 0 5 10 20 30 KILOMETERS 40°30' L--_____...__ _____ ...__ _____ ..___ _____ ..___ _____
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