California Coalition on Sexual Offending (CCOSO) Quarterly Newsletter Perspectives

Winter 2014 / 2015 What is Internet Sex Offenders—Horse of a Different Color CCOSO? Elaine Brady, Ph.D., MFT, CAS, CSAT-S CCOSO is a recognized leader in providing expertise, The Internet has spawned a growing have acted upon if it had not been for the training, education, phenomenon of “virtual” and “pseudo” Internet, resulting in what came to be and legislative pedophiles that do not match the known as the “fantasy guidance in traditional or “classic” pedophile profile defense” (Yamagami, 2000). These cases treatment, (e.g., they had no prior history of appear to suggest that successful forensic management and psychiatric issues, criminal behavior or evaluation of Internet Sex Offenders research related to sexual interest in minors). Alarmingly, (ISO’s) may hinge on one’s ability to sexual offending. the FBI reported a 2,000% increase in the understand the addictive qualities of the CCOSO and its number of cases involving sex crimes Internet and on one’s ability to explain chapters strengthen against children as a result of online how that addictive process inexorably local and statewide contact (e.g. Internet Sex Offenders - draws some individuals into illicit agencies and ISOs) between the years 1996 to 2007 behavior. professionals to (Department of Commerce and Justice, enhance community 2012), years corresponding to the rapid Young (2000, 2004) first introduced the safety. “penetration” of computers and the term virtual pedophiles and offered a Internet into American households (U.S. model for differential diagnosis between Census Bureau, 2014). this group and classic pedophiles. Brady (2007, 2013) later proposed the existence In this Issue: The ability to distinguish between what is of a sub-group of virtual pedophiles, being termed “virtual” offenders and true which she termed pseudo-pedophiles and Internet Sex Offenders 1 or “classic” pedophiles is crucial to the expanded on Young’s model. This article evaluation of potential risk to others, attempts to describe and contrast online Editor’s Note 2 formulation of treatment design and to the virtual, pseudo, and classic offenders and assessment of probable rehabilitation to offer a model for differential diagnosis Chair’s Corner 3 success. Such differentiation can also between these three groups. Although have a significant impact on legal both studies (Young, 2000, 2004; Brady, A Case of Resilience 10 proceedings, as demonstrated by The 2007, 2013) involved small sample sizes to Cyber Bullying United States versus McBroom (1997) (N = 22 and 20 respectively) and were case, in which the court accepted a based on clinical forensic assessment, CCOSO Chapters 13 differential diagnosis distinguishing empirical works that support their between reduced capacity for choice due findings will be cited. This model is to an impulse-control disorder (cybersex offered as an aid in the assessment of addiction) and one of pedophilia. Just ISOs and to serve as a guide to future two years later another case, The United research activities regarding assessment States versus Naughton (1999), resulted and treatment of this sex offender group. in a hung jury after the defendant’s attorney argued that Naughton was only (Continued on Page 4) playing out a fantasy that he would never

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Perspectives: CCOSO Quarterly Newsletter

Perspectives is published quarterly for and on the behalf of the membership. Our goal is to help our membership keep up on current clinical information, research findings, and public policy issues relating to sex offenders. We hope to provide information that is useful for treatment professionals and other individuals involved directly or indirectly with sex offenders or . Potential Authors/Contributors: Perspectives is an important forum for clinicians, researchers, probation/parole officers, social service workers, and policy makers to share their work with other professionals, providing contemporary and innovative information that enhances the field. Contributors are invited to submit in a concise format anything related to their work with sex offenders (e.g., assessment, interventions, supervision, management, and/or policy. Submissions should be similar to News Briefs, defined as “a brief item of print or broadcast news” (U.S. English Dictionary—see http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/english/news-brief). Submissions should include title, author's name and professional affiliation. Reproduction of other authors' original work must be accompanied by permission of those authors. Briefs must be typed and sent as a Word document (single spaced, Times New Roman, 11 point font) to Lucinda A. Lee Rasmussen, Ph.D., LCSW, Editor, at [email protected]. Briefs should be no more than 600 words. Longer articles may be accepted at the discretion of the Editor. (In this case, please contact the Editor prior to submission to review whether the article is suitable for Perspectives). References should be cited in the text of the article and a Reference List provided to the Editor; however, due to space limitations, it will not be published in the Newsletter. Authors must make the Reference List available to the CCOSO readership by providing their contact information (email, Internet website, or phone, which will be published with the article. Deadline for articles for the Spring 2015 Newsletter is April 6, 2015. Editor: Lucinda A. Lee Rasmussen, Ph.D., LCSW (E-mail: [email protected]) Committee Members: L.C. Miccio-Fonseca, Ph.D. and Joel Levinson, LMFT.

Editor’s Note: Lucinda A. Lee Rasmussen, Ph.D., LCSW

This issue of Perspectives focuses on the challenges of addressing sexual offending in the technological age of the Internet. Elaine Brady, Ph.D. presents the problems encountered in identifying Internet sex offenders, describing a framework that differentiates them in three categories: Classic, Virtual, and Pseudo. Dr. Brady’s categories draw distinctions between these types according to such variables as victim focus, type of contact (hidden or open), type of (adult or child), remorse showed, and risk level. She presents empirical data to support her framework. Please renew your membership now by

going to CCOSO.org/membership and Michelle Smith Fuks highlights the problem of sexual download a membership application. harassment and cyber bullying through social media. She discusses the case of a young woman who reported being Pay online or make checks out to raped and was later subjected to cyber bullying related to the CCOSO and mail to: alleged incident. She explores the protective factors that th helped the young woman to be resilient and become an CCOSO, 3407 W. 6 Street, Suite 827 advocate for other victims of sexually related cyber bullying.

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Chair’s Corner — “Passing the Torch”

Retiring Chair: Incoming Chair: Christina Allbright, J.D. Gerry Blasingame, Psy.D., LMFT

Fellow CCOSO Members: CCOSO Members: Happy Holidays! I am pleased to announce that we have I’m excited as I review the progress made by the Board, a new Executive Committee, with Gerry Blasingame the Board’s committees and CCOSO members over serving as Chair, Leesl Hermann as Vice-Chair, Chris recent years. We’ve come a long way since the CCOSO Bennett as Correspondent, Liz Horrillo as Recorder, and was birthed in the late 1980s! I’m also excited as I look Sean Carey as Treasurer. This fine team will carry on in forward to the next few years. The CCOSO has many 2015 and beyond, hopefully with a new Executive opportunities to explore and possibilities for growth and Director on board as well. We have FINALLY become greater member benefits. I’m looking forward to my term financially solvent and up-to-date with taxes and as Chairperson. obligations. We have a great conference being planned for May and are on the cutting edge of research, Our conference committee is working diligently to bring us another excellent training conference, this year in legislation, and policy. I want to thank the officers, Monterey. This will be a great opportunity for networking committee chairs, and Board members who have made as well as fulfilling quite a number of continuing these past two years rewarding and productive. I plan on education requirements. Mark your calendars for May 12 staying on in some educational and/or legal capacity, and to 15, 2015! look forward to continuing to work with this great organization in the years to come. Gerry D. Blasingame, Psy.D., LMFT Christina Allbright, J.D., Chair of CCOSO (2012-2014) Chair of CCOSO (2015-2017) Training, Program Development, and Attorney at Law, Eureka, California Consultation, Redding, California

Officers of the CCOSO Board

 Chairperson  Recording Secretary Gerry D. Blasingame, Psy.D. (530) 524-4761 Elizabeth Horrillo, LMFT [email protected] (916) 729– 6096 [email protected]

 Vice-Chairperson  Treasurer Leesl Herman Sean Carey, LCSW (310) 904-3776 (760) 241-3744 [email protected] [email protected]

 Correspondent Christine Bennett, LMFT (925) 942– 0733 [email protected]

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Internet Sex Offenders (continued from Page 1)

Young (1996, 1998) was one of the first American the child, then revealing true identity and pursuing clinicians to identify Internet Addiction among sex contact. offenders and address the growing phenomenon of non- traditional Internet Sex Offenders (ISO’s). Young When they “travel” to meet a child, classic pedophiles founded The Center for Internet Addiction in 1995; typically carry a “sex kit” and child oriented toys/candy. developed the first validated measure for Internet Post-arrest findings reveal an exclusive focus on children, addiction ( i.e., Internet Addiction Test - IAT, often including child psychology books and collections of 1996,1998); was the first to offer a differential diagnosis artwork and pornography. They tend to lack remorse model based on an addiction paradigm (2000, 2004); and regarding their behavior and “blame the victim” to was the first to offer a treatment model for Internet rationalize their sexual proclivities as “natural.” Given Addiction (2010, 2011). Young went on to become an this profile, Young (2008) ranked classic pedophiles as a internationally acknowledged expert on Internet serious threat to the welfare of children when they utilize Addiction Disorder and pathological online behavior and the Internet. recently founded the first U.S. inpatient treatment center for Internet Addiction at Bradford Regional Medical In contrast to these classic ISO’s, Young (2004) asserted Center. that virtual pedophiles tend to be “situational offenders” who engage in online sexual fantasy in adult chat rooms In her early studies, Young (2000, 2004) utilized as an escape mechanism, but who, through an addictive psychological reports, computer forensics, chat room process, may or may not develop a sexual interest in dialogue, contextual evidence, and client interviews to children and seek offline contact. create a profile of what she termed the “virtual” ISO and contrasted this with that of the traditional or “classic” Young presented the distinguishing (and differentiating) ISO. Her 22 subjects, (ages ranging from 34 to 48 with a characteristics of this group of virtual ISO’s as follows: mean age of 38) were drawn from her agency’s outpatient first, they showed a range of sexual interests that went treatment program. They were all men who had been beyond child themes and, if arrested for possession of arrested, but not yet adjudicated, for engaging in sexual , it was only a small percentage of misconduct with a minor and using the Internet to do so their total collection. Second, they often started in (specifically, traveling to meet a minor). In each case, it general adult chat rooms that may or may not have been was a first offense and subjects had no previous criminal sexually oriented, like “MarriedandFlirting,” or record or sexual history involving children. “RomanceConnection,” and only later progressed to “specialty” fantasy role-play sites with names like As a result of her analysis, Young asserted that “SMBD,” “Fetish’s,” “Married Sex Slave,” “incest differentiation between the two groups (virtual and room,” “daddaughtersex” or “olderman4ynggrl.” Once classic) hinged upon analyzing the offending behavior in an “age-play” chat room, even if their “handle” within the context of three key components: (a) the chat initially reflected a child’s part (e.g. “144u” or channel theme, (b) the handles utilized, and (c) the level “daddy’sgrl”), their true adult status was quickly of intimacy and engagement between the alleged predator revealed. and child. She maintained that these three factors established orientation and intent. Her profiles for each Third, virtual pedophiles were detached and distracted in type of online “pedophile” are as follows: their online interactions - randomly chatting with various people; forgetting their place in a conversation, the other Classic pedophiles tend to demonstrate a chronic and person’s name or their physical description (often persistent pattern of sexualized behavior toward children because they were chatting with multiple users that typically began in early adolescence, often have prior simultaneously) - and might interrupt or abruptly end a convictions related to sexual crimes against children, and chat conversation. Of primary concern in this “cybersex their online focus on children is immediate and designed addicted” population however, was the possibility that an to achieve contact. They: (a) frequent chat rooms for “addict” would become positively reinforced by arousal children/teens; (b) conceal their identity by using child- to the content of pornography, hence at least some of related “handles” (e.g., online names like “John12” or “Claire10”); and (c) show intense focus, slowly grooming (Continued on Page 5)

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Internet Sex Offenders (continued from Page 4)

them might develop arousal to minors and, of these, some pictures (of aroused men), but if I was might pursue contact. Consequently, Young ranked a young girl I got hundreds” and “It virtual pedophiles as a low to moderate threat to the was like trading baseball cards.” welfare of actual children when they utilize the Internet, with a need for more thorough assessment to determine Other distinctive characteristics of this sub-group any possible in sexual orientation. include:

In post-arrest interviews with the same subjects, Young 1. The individual engages with others while in a late- (2004) found that, in contrast to classic or traditional stage addictive, dissociative state, which distances online pedophiles, virtual ISO’s typically took and desensitizes them to the sexual content of their responsibility for the harm they had caused, displayed interactions. remorse, and expressed a strong desire to get their urges under control. They were also more likely to respond to 2. They may disclose their true adult status if hopeful treatment with improved social competence, self- the adult chat buddy will continue the sexual regulation, victim empathy, and an ability to adhere to a interaction. healthy lifestyle. 3. They have no interest in meeting with their chat Expanding on Young’s (2000, 2004) original work, buddy (however they have depicted themselves) Brady (2007, 2013), also in an outpatient treatment because the pseudo-pedophile does not want to be setting, utilized the same forensic resources to evaluate “busted” in their deception. 20 men (ages ranging from 32 to 54 with a mean age of 41) charged with viewing/downloading child 4. Child pornography is tangential to their fantasy play pornography, but who had not “traveled” to make (e.g., used as “trading cards” to engage professed contact, neither had they been adjudicated at time of pedophiles) and likely to represent only a small publishing. She subsequently expanded on Young’s percentage of a pornography collection. profile of virtual pedophiles by introducing a sub-group that she termed “pseudo-pedophiles.” The crucial Like virtual pedophiles, Brady found that post-arrest, distinction between these two groups being that the pseudo-pedophiles took responsibility for the harm they pseudo-pedophile’s primary reinforcer for their online had caused, displayed remorse, and expressed a desire to offending behavior was “getting over on” their adult chat get their behavior under control. Brady, therefore saw room buddies, by convincing them they were someone “pseudo-pedophiles” as presenting at low risk of actual they were not (e.g., another pedophile or a minor). For contact offending with a minor. this group then, the focus was on deception and the other adults’ arousal, irrespective of the content of the chat Table 1 compares the three groups in 10 relevant buddy’s focus of arousal. assessment categories (see Page 6).

A case study offered by Brady (2013, handout p. 7) Empirical Support for Findings illustrates this point: A host of theorists and researchers have explored the role Carl is an HIV-positive gay man in a of the Internet in child sex offending (see Aslan, 2011 for long-term “open” (non-monogamous) an excellent review of these), and a number have referred relationship who engages in multiple to its addictive qualities in the development and online sex chats at the same time. He progression of deviant or pathological behavior (Brady, takes on various personas in response 2007, 2013; Carnes & Adams, 2002; Carnes, Delmonico, to the sexual interest of whomever he & Griffin, 2007; Cooper, Scherer, Boies, & Gordon, is engaged with. Arrested for 1999; Cooper, 2002; Young, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2008, possession and transmittal of child 2010). The latter group has endeavored to explain the pornography, he describes two key aspects of his behavior, “If I presented (Continued on Page 7) as a gay man, I only got a few

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Internet Sex Offenders: Continued from Page 5

Table 1: Evaluation Within Context ISSUE CLASSIC VIRTUAL (N = 22) PSEUDO (N = 20) (Young, 2000, 2004) (Brady, 2007, 2013)

History: Pre-existing Succumbed Dissociate Child Focus: Immediate Gradual None Theme: Child Adult-Child Adult Contact: Hidden-Open Open-Hide Depends Relationship: Goal May or not No intent Sex Focus: Intimacy Progresses None Child Porn: Exclusive-Child Adult>Child Adult Primary Secondary Tangential Remorse: None Remorse Remorse Risk High Low-Moderate Low

Facts About Internet Sex Offenders (See: Enough is Enough—Making the Internet Safer for Children and Families) Available at: http://www.internetsafety101.org/predatorstatistics.htm

 In 82% of online sex crimes against minors, the offender used the victim's social networking site to gain information about the victim's likes and dislikes. (Journal of Adolescent Heatlh 47, 2010)

 65% of online sex offenders used the victim's social networking site to gain home and school information about the victim (Journal of Adolescent Heatlh 47, 2010)

 26% of online sex offenders used the victim’s social networking site to gain information about the victim’s whereabouts at a specific time (Journal of Adolescent Health 47, 2010).

 Over 56% of kids solicited online were asked to send a picture; 27% of the pictures were sexual in nature (Wolak, Mitchel, & Finkelhor, 2006)

 4% of all youth Internet users received “aggressive” sexual solicitations (i.e., offender asked to meet them in person, called them on the telephone, sent offline mail, money, or gifts) (Wolak, Mitchel, & Finkelhor, 2006)

 14% of 7th to 9th grade students reported they had communicated with someone online about sexual things, 11% reported they were asked to talk about sexual things online, 8% had been exposed to nude photos, and 7% were asked for nude pictures of themselves online (Rochester Institute for Technology, 2008)

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behavior of some online child pornography offenders as Young and Brady’s ratings are further supported by an falling within the context of a fantasy addiction within extensive study (N= 4,697) of online sexual offenders which the addictive phenomena of tolerance and done by Seto, Hanson, & Babchishin (2010), which progression lead to a progression from non-deviant to found that only 12.2% of the subjects had a prior contact deviant (sometimes illegal) material and, in some of these sexual offense and that, of this group, only 2% were fantasy addicts, may result in a bridge from online to found to have re-offended with a contact sexual offense offline behavior. in a 6-year follow-up study; while only 3.4% of the overall sample had re-offended with child pornography. Within this (addictive) framework, both Young (2004) Given these findings, it appears that online child and Brady (2007, 2013) have maintained that virtual and pornography offenders have small rates of both contact pseudo online sexual offenders are situational, “fantasy and recidivist offenses and that, for the majority of only” users experimenting with adult pedophilic-themed offenders, online child pornography offending is not chat rooms. Their assertion is supported by the findings related to contact sex offending. of Sheldon and Howitt (2008) who found that contact offenders described a lesser use of sexual fantasy Given that there appears to be growing support for a pertinent to their offenses than did Internet-only viable distinction between fantasy-driven and contact- offenders and by Hill, Briken, and Berner (2006), who driven offenders (Briggs, Simon, & Simonson, 2011), as found that only 36% of their sample of convicted child well as for acceptance of an addiction model to best molesters used child pornography for self-stimulation explain and evaluate this distinction, it appears prior to their offenses. incumbent upon treating professionals, forensic examiners, and legal authorities to understand virtual Young’s (2004) and Brady’s (2007, 2013) profiles of offending within an addiction framework. virtual and pseudo online sexual offenders also appear to be supported by one of the largest (N=200) and most Understanding Virtual Offenders from an Addiction empirically sound studies of the decade, that of Perspective McLaughlin (2000). He presented a typology of online child sexual offenders that includes a category almost Behavioral science experts have long believed that all identical to that of Young’s virtual online sexual offender entities (e.g., behaviors as well as substances) that - the “chatter,” who collects a wide range of erotica and stimulate the reward centers of the brain have the pornography, chats with victims online and may or may potential to become addictive (Peele & Brodsky, 1979). not try to make offline contact (McLaughlin, 2000, p. In addition, they have asserted that the development and 40). His category of “collector,” appears to match that of progression of an addiction is the same for both Brady’s (2007, 2013) virtual offender and, like Brady, he substances and behaviors (Young, 2000, 2004). What is also posited that these offenders appeared capable of essential to remember about behavioral addictions, relegating their behavior to merely collecting images and especially sex-related activities, is that they are “drug” did not progress to attempts to physically contact their addictions. Sex-related activities trigger the release of victims (McLaughlin, 2000). the most powerful chemicals in the human body (i.e., endorphins, dopamine, oxytocin and vasopressin), which Validation for both Young’s (2004) low-moderate and lock into the same neurotransmitters as opioids and Brady’s (2007, 2013) low risk of contact offending amphetamines and, consequently, become powerful ratings (for virtual and pseudo online sexual offenders reinforcers for repeating the behavior (Blum et. al. 2012). respectively) appear to be supported by Krone’s (2004) typology of online child pornography offending. Young (2000) describes a five-stage process for the Developed in Australia, this typology has since been progression of Internet/Cybersex addiction: widely utilized to guide the work of police officers here in the United States (Wortley and Smallbone, 2006). (Continued on Page 8) Krone (2004) ranked the category most resembling that of virtual and pseudo offenders - “browsers”- at the very lowest level of offending risk (p. 4).

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Internet Sex Offenders (continued from Page 7)

1. Discovery: the Internet user seeks out, is drawn into, Abel), as well as a more biologically based tool (e.g. or accidentally discovers sexual content or chat. plethysmograph). However, empirical works that appear to support all of the presented findings were cited. 2. Experimentation: exploration and engagement, gravitates toward special interest, building arousal. While additional empirical research on larger and more diverse groups of Internet Sex Offenders is needed to 3. Habituation: the brain becomes desensitized to validate the applicability of this model, it is hoped that, in previously viewed images or activities (e.g., develops the interim, it can serve as an aid in the assessment of a “tolerance” and has to progress to more shocking or ISOs and a guide to future research activities. deviant activity/images; “handle” changes- from “Jonboy” to “Hardon,” “Pamela” to “Cyberslut;” Elaine Brady, Ph.D., MFR, CAS, CSAT-S is the Founder images evolve from Playboy-type to fetish areas). It and Executive Director of Net Worth Recovery in San is in this stage that the user may be drawn into child Diego, California pornography.

4. Compulsivity: habit evolves into a compulsion/ References

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Sheldon, K. & Howitt, D. (2008). Sexual fantasy in Young, K. (2004). Profiling online sex offenders: A paedophile offenders: Can any model explain preliminary study of 22 cases. Journal of Behavioral satisfactorily new findings from a study of Internet and Profiling, 5(1), 1-19. 9

A Closer Look at #StandWithJada Michelle Smith Fuks, San Diego State University

On July 11, 2014, a one-on-one interview with16 year- As a victim of an alleged , Jada’s identity old Jada aired on Houston news station KHOU. In the would typically be protected by both law enforcement interview, Jada courageously came forward to publicly and most news media. One of the alleged perpetrators share her experience. In June 2014, Jada went to a party was identified as 19 year-old Clinton Onyeahialam where she unknowingly drank punch laced with some (Holloway, 2014). The identity of the juvenile male type of drug, passed out and was allegedly raped while arrested in the case has not been disclosed due to ethical unconscious. Following the alleged sexual assault, considerations for his status as a minor, 16 year-old Jada pictures and videos showing Jada unconscious and naked came forward publicly hoping to positively reclaim her were circulated among social media. Later, Internet trolls image and spread the message that what was done to her posted pictures of themselves with the hashtag is wrong and those who did it should be punished. #JadaPose, in which they recreated how Jada’s naked body was posed while she was unconscious. Fortunately Jada has many of the internal, family and neighborhood protective factors identified by Laser & Eleven percent of girls in high school report a history of Nicotera (2011) as potentially mitigating the negative forced sexual intercourse (Black et al., 2011). Like others impact of the trauma she experienced. From the who experience the trauma of sexual assault, Jada was at television interviews she and her family gave in July increased risk for developing a mental disorder and 2014, it appears that Jada has the internal protective maladaptive strategies for coping with her experience. factors of perceived social support, moral development, Because she was allegedly assaulted while intoxicated, it physical beauty, autonomy, perseverance, and an internal was less likely that Jada would report to the police and locus of control. Her positive identify is exemplified by more likely that she would question her own role in the her statement, “There’s no point in hiding…Everybody assault and engage in self-blame (Schwartz & Leggett, has already seen my face and my body. But that’s not 1999). what I am and who I am” (KHOU Staff & Jada, 2014). The cyber bullying that followed Jada’s alleged sexual Jada’s mother Sukiedia demonstrated her support for her assault transformed what would have been an isolated daughter during local and national media interviews as event into an experience of chronic shaming and re- well. When Jada told her mother about the assault and traumatization. Jada described her experience as almost pictures, Sukiedia said all she could do was hold her like two assaults – one at the house and one online daughter and immediately made a police report (Farrow, (KHOU Staff & Jada, 2014). On top of this, Jada also Sukiedia & Quanell X, 2014). Her advice to other parents experienced secondary victimization through the delay of was to keep an open relationship with their children, the criminal justice system to make any immediate arrests stressing the importance of communication (Farrow et al., after she reported the assault. With the filing of criminal 2014). From this we can infer that Jada also benefits charges against two young men in relation to the case in from family protective factors like parental transfer of December 2014 (Dahl, 2014), there is a possibility that positive values, a nurturing parent/child relationship and Jada will experience additional trauma as a victim- a sense of family belonging (Laser & Nicotera, 2011). witness in criminal proceedings. Since Jada came forward, public response has strongly As a young African American woman, Jada is more supported her. Thousands of social media users tweeted likely to experience sexual assault than her white and using hashtags #StandWithJada, #JadaCounterpose, Latina peers (Black et al, 2011). For girls who are ethnic #JusticeForJada and #iAmJada (No More, 2014). The minorities, sexual assault must be considered in the hashtag #JadaPose, which was initially employed by ecological context of a cumulative societal trauma that those duplicating the unconscious, naked image of Jada, includes historical violence, racism, sexism, classism and was even re-appropriated by Jada supporters who used it cultural violence (Bryant-Davis et al., 2009). Jada may to tag messages of support. These supporters included also have hesitated to report the assault in order to protect women and men of all ages and ethnic backgrounds. males in her community from incarceration (Bryant- Their messages centered strongly on shaming the act of Davis et al., 2009). joking about rape and calling for the arrest of the alleged (Continued on Page 11)

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#StandWithJada: Continued from Page 10

perpetrators and an end to rape culture (Al Jazeera Jada’s case highlights the ways risk and protective factors America, 2014). The protective factors of sense of interact to shape the individual experience of a survivor community, sense of belonging and social capital in of trauma. She demonstrates the important role that self- Jada’s virtual neighborhood of social media may have awareness and choice play in achieving recovery and further mitigated the negative effects of Jada’s trauma. integration in Rasmussen’s (2012) Trauma Outcome Process Model. This model would hypothesize that The focus of media attention in this case has Jada’s protective factors will enable her to make adaptive appropriately been placed on the inexcusability of sexual choices in her healing from trauma, as opposed to assault and cyber bullying and the importance of engaging in self-destructive and/or abusive behavior. For supporting survivors of these traumas. Coverage has not the rest of us, the #StandWithJada movement is an included detailed information about specific mental example of how we all have a role to play in helping health symptoms Jada may be experiencing. Jada has survivors heal from trauma. Lending our voices and said that she is haunted by reminders of the incident and images in support of others helps to create the safe space is angry and in pain about what happened (KHOU Staff survivors need to achieve positive mental health & Jada, 2014). She has also said she wants to be outcomes. homeschooled for a while (KHOU Staff & Jada, 2014). Michelle Smith Fuks is a social work intern in the MSW Treatment goals for someone like Jada would include program in the School of Social Work at San Diego State educating the survivor and her family on common University, San Diego, California. reactions to trauma, providing information about legal and/or medical services and resolving her reactions to the References traumatic events she has experienced (Choate, 2014). Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (TF-CBT) Al Jazeera America. (July 15, 2014). Teen rape survivor is an efficacious and culturally and age appropriate fights back against memefication of her assault. treatment modality for achieving these goals (Cohen, Retrieved August 9, 2014 from http:// Mannarino & Deblinger, 2006). TF-CBT includes eight stream.aljazeera.com/story/201407151936-0023929. components known as “PRACTICE.” These include Black, M., Basile, K., Breiding, M., Smith, S., Walters, parenting skills, relaxation skills, affective modulation M., Merrick, M. T., Stevens, M. R. (2011). The National skills, cognitive coping and processing, a trauma Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS). narrative component, in vivo exposure, child/parent Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and session and enhancing future safety and development Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (Cohen et al, 2006). Bryant-Davis, T., Chung, H., & Tillman, S. (2009). From Evaluating the effectiveness of the intervention would the margins to the center: Ethnic minority women and the involve identifying the specific symptoms Jada is mental health effects of sexual assault. Trauma, Violence, experiencing and tracking the frequency and severity of & Abuse, 10(4), 330-357. those symptoms before, during and at the end of doi:10.1177/1524838009339755 treatment. Separate TF-CBT “Symptom Tracking” worksheets for the clinician, parent and adolescent can be Camacho, K., Ehrensaft, M.K., & Cohen, P. (2012). used for this purpose (Symptom Tracking - Clinician Exposure to intimate partner violence, peer relations, and Report, n.d.). These worksheets allow users to identify risk for internalizing behaviors: A prospective specific target symptoms and track the severity of each longitudinal study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27 symptom on a zero-to-ten scale over the course of 12 (1), 125-141. doi: 10.1177/0886260511416474 separate sessions. Choate, L. H. (2014). Adolescent girls in distress: A With the support of her mother and thousands of guide for mental health treatment prevention. New York, strangers expressing their solidarity, the perseverance and NY: Spring Publishing Company. bravery Jada has demonstrated in her search for justice is (References continued on Page 12) likely to continue to help her heal. She has transformed a narrative of victimization into one of resilience and mutual support, providing a potential roadmap for healing for others who have survived similar trauma.

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SAVE the DATE! #StandWithJada: Continued from Page 11

Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., & Deblinger, E. (2006). Treating trauma and traumatic grief in children and adolescents. New York, NY: Guilford Press. CCOSO’s 18th Farrow, R. (Interviewer), Sukiedia (Interviewee) & Quanell X (Interviewee). (July 11, 2014). Jada’s Mom: Annual Conference ‘I couldn’t believe that that was my child’ [Video recording]. Daily. Retrieved August 9, 2014 from http://www.msnbc.com/ronan-farrow-daily/ watch/i-couldn-t-believe-that-that-was-my-child- 302322755919 May 13-15, 2015 Holloway, L. (December 19, 2014). Two charged in #IamJada case, the Texas teen whose rape photos went Monterey Marriott viral. Retrieved February 12, 2015 from http:// newsone.com/3078157/2-arrests-in-jadapose-iamjada- Monterey, California texas-viral-rape-case/ KHOU Staff (Interviewer) & Jada (Interviewee). (July 11, 2014). 16-year-old girl says her rape went viral: ‘I’m just angry’ [Video recording]. Retrieved August 9, 2014 from KHOU Web site: Update from the California Sex Offender http://www.khou.com/story/news/crime/2014/07/29/126 64610/ Management Board (CASOM) Laser, J.A. and Nicotera, N. (2011). Working with Gerry Blasingame, Psy.D., LMFT adolescents: A guide for practitioners. New York: Guilford Press. Tom Tobin, Ph.D. No More. (July 23, 2014). Jada is more than a survivor. Retrieved August 9, 2014 from http://nomore.org/jada- There is not much to report from CASOMB at this time. survivor/ The Board continues to meet regularly. Meeting dates and times are posted at www.casomb.org. The Treatment Rasmussen, L. A. (2012). Trauma Outcome Process Committee continues to work on updating the provider Assessment (TOPA Model): An ecological paradigm certification requirements document. Amendments to the for treating traumatized sexually abusive youth. Journal "provisional" status requirements will be posted to the of Child and Adolescent Trauma, 5(1), 63-80. website soon. doi:10.1080/19361521.2012.646645 Any questions related to CASOMB may be directed to Symptom Tracking - Clinician Report. (n.d.) Retrieved August 9, 2014 from Trauma-Focused Cognitive- Gerry Blasingame, Psy.D., LMFT at Behavioral Therapy website at [email protected] or http://tfcbt.musc.edu/resources.php?p=2 Tom Tobin, Ph.D. at [email protected]. Terr, L. C. (1991). Childhood trauma: An outline and overview. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148(1), 10- 20.

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History of CCOSO

The California Coalition on Sexual Offending (CCOSO) was founded in 1986 in response to a growing need throughout the state for an organized network of professionals working to respond to sexual offending. The wide variety of professionals who constitute CCOSO membership provides a solid foundation for collaboration in research, treatment, and containment to develop effective approaches in treatment and supervision practices and to influence state policy.

VISION: A World Without Sexual Abuse

MISSION: Together We Can End Sexual Abuse

California Coalition On Sexual Offending Regional Chapters

Bay Area Chapter Central Valley Chapter Fresno Chapter Shannon Smith Elizabeth Horrillo, LMFT Chapter Chair [email protected] (916) 729– 6096 Opportunity [email protected] Central Coast Chapter Efrat Mazin, Psy.D. (559) 934-3665 Efrat.Mazin@ California Coalition On Sexual Offending Inland Empire Chapter L.A. North Chapter Michael Belnap Joel Levinson, LMFT Jeff Richardson (818) 448-5636 CCOSO Riverside County Probation [email protected]

340 W. 6th St.,

Suite 827 Los Angeles, CA 90020 E-mail: L.A. South Chapter North Coast Chapter Northern CA Chapter Lea Chankin, Ph.D. Chapter Chair J. Russell York, Ph.D. [email protected] (323) 232-2874 Opportunity (530) 949-4252 www.ccoso.org [email protected]

Orange County Chapter Santa Barbara/ San Diego Chapter Richard Cota, DPO II Ventura Chapter Chapter Chair Opportunity (714) 937-4752 Michelle Steinberger Richard.Cota (805) 981-5554 @prob.ocgov.com michelle.steinberger @ventura.org

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