American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 1 American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 1 American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 1 American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) ASBP Obesity Algorithm: Adult Adiposity Evaluation and Treatment 2013 Citation: SegerJC,HornDB,WestmanEC,LindquistR,ScintaW,RichardsonLA,PrimackC,BrymanDA,McCarthyW,Hendricks E,Sabowitz BN,SchmidtSL,BaysHE.AmericanSocietyofBariatricPhysiciansObesityAlgorithm:AdultAdiposity EvaluationandTreatment2013.www.obesityalgorithm.org (Accessed=[insertdate]) Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 2 ASBP Obesity Algorithm: Adult Adiposity Evaluation and Treatment 2013 Disclaimer TheAmericanSocietyofBariatricPhysicians®(ASBP)ObesityAlgorithmwasdevelopedtoassisthealthcare professionalsinmedicaldecisionmaking;however,itisinnowayasubstituteforamedicalprofessional'sindependent judgmentandshouldnotbeconsideredmedicaladvice.Mostofthecontenthereinisbasedonthe medicalliterature andtheclinicalexperienceofobesitymedicinespecialists.Inareasofuncertainty,professionaljudgmentofthe authorswasapplied.TheObesityAlgorithmisaworkingdocumentthatreflectsthestateofthefieldofobesity medicineatthetimeofpublication.Becauserapidchangesinthisareaareexpected, periodicrevisionsareinevitable. Weencouragemedicalprofessionalstousethisinformationinconjunctionwith,andnotasareplacementfor,their bestclinicaljudgment.Thepresentedrecommendationsmaynotbeappropriateinallsituations.Anydecisionby practitionerstoapplytheseguidelinesmustbemadeinlightoflocalresourcesandindividualpatientcircumstances. Permissions TheAmericanSocietyofBariatricPhysicians®(ASBP)ObesityAlgorithmisprotectedbycopyrightandmaynotbe alteredinanyform.Thiscopyrightedmaterialmaybeaccessedforpersonalresearch,scientificand/orinformation purposesonly.Nopartofthisalgorithmmaybedistributedforsaleorysoldinan formorbyanymeanswithoutprior writtenpermissionfromtheSociety. OrderingReprintsand/orRequestingPermissionsforuseofASBP ObesityAlgorithm Forreprintsorotherpermissions,pleasecontact: EͲmail:[email protected] Phone:303.770.2526 Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 3 ASBP Obesity Algorithm: Adult Adiposity Evaluation and Treatment 2013 JenniferSeger,MD &DeborahBadeHorn,DO,MPH,FASBP CoͲChairs CoͲauthors: EricC.Westman,MD,MHS DavidA.Bryman DO RichardLindquist,MD,ABFM WilliamMcCarthy,MD WendyScinta,MD,MS EdHendricksMD,FASBP LarryA.Richardson,MD,FASBP BrianN.Sabowitz,MD,FACP CraigPrimack,MD,FACP,FAAP StacyL.Schmidt,PhD HaroldEBaysMD,FTOS,FACE,FNLA Administrativeassistance: LaurieTraetow ,CAE Citation: Seger JC,HornDB,Westman EC,LindquistR,Scinta W,RichardsonLA,PrimackC,BrymanDA,McCarthyW,HendricksE, Sabowitz BN,SchmidtSL,BaysHE.AmericanSocietyofBariatricPhysiciansObesityAlgorithm:AdultAdiposityEvaluation andTreatment2013.www.obesityalgorithm.org (Accessed=[insertdate]) Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 4 ASBP Obesity Algorithm: Adult Adiposity Evaluation and Treatment 2013 Purpose • Toprovidecliniciansanoverviewofprinciples importanttothecareofpatientswith increasedbodyfat,baseduponscientific evidence,supportedbythemedicalliterature, andderivedfromtheclinicalexperiencesof membersoftheAmericanSocietyofBariatric Physicians. Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 5 ASBP Obesity Algorithm: Adult Adiposity Evaluation and Treatment 2013 Process The ASBP Algorithm was derived from input by volunteer ASBP members consisting of: • Academicians • Clinicians • Clinicaltrialists • Researchers The ASBP Algorithm did not receive industry funding, had no input from industry, and the authors received no payment for their contributions. Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 6 ASBP Obesity Algorithm: Adult Adiposity Evaluation and Treatment 2013 Intent of use The ASBP Algorithm 2013 is intended to be a “living document” updated once a year (as needed), and intended as an educational tool to assist in the translation of medical science and the clinical experience of the authors towards assisting clinicians better manage their overweight and obese patients. This algorithm is not intended to be interpreted as “rules” and/or directives regarding medical care of an individual patient. While it is hoped many clinicians may find this algorithm helpful, the final decision regarding the optimal care of the overweight and obese patient is dependent upon the individual clinical presentation, and the judgment of the clinician who is tasked with directing a treatment plan that is in the best interest of the patient. Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 7 ASBP Obesity Algorithm: Adult Adiposity Evaluation and Treatment 2013 Contents: • Overall management goals • Obesity classification • Obesity as a disease • Diagnosis • Overall approach • Fat mass disease • Sick fat disease (adiposopathy) • History • Physical exam • Laboratory evaluation • Treatment • Nutritional therapy • Physical activity • Behavior therapy • Weight management pharmacotherapy • Early versus late weight management intervention • Bariatric surgery • Executive summary • References • Disclosures Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 8 Reference/s:[200]Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 9 Reference/s:[201]Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 10 Reference/s:[202]Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 11 Reference/s:[201][203]Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 12 Reference/s:[1][2][3]Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 13 Reference/s:[204]Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 14 Reference/s:[200]Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 15 Reference/s:[200]Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 16 Reference/s:[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Copyright©2013ASBP:Maynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfrom ASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 17 Reference/s:[200]Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 18 Reference/s:[11][12]Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 19 Reference/s:[13][14]Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 20 Reference/s:[13][14]Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 21 Reference/s:[13][14]Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 22 Reference/s:[6][7][9][10][15]Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 23 Reference/s:[6][16][17][18]Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 24 Reference/s:[7][9][19][20]Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 25 Reference/s:[21][22][23][24][25]Copyright©2013ASBP:Maynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfrom ASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 26 Reference/s:[26][27][28]Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 27 Reference/s:[29][30][31]Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 28 Reference/s:[205]Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 29 Reference/s:[32][205]Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Algorithm 30 Reference/s:[15][32][205]Copyright©2013ASBP:MaynotbereproducedoralteredinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromASBP American
Recommended publications
  • Obesity: Surgical and Pharmaceutical Options & Navigating Diet Trends
    Obesity: Surgical and Pharmaceutical options & Navigating diet trends Guillermo Higa MD, FACS, FASMBS Bariatric Surgery Medical Director Chief of Division of Bariatric Surgery St. Mary’s Hospital Tucson-Arizona What is Obesity? The Obesity Medicine Association Definition of Obesity • “Obesity is defined as a chronic, relapsing, multi-factorial, neurobehavioral disease, wherein an increase in body fat promotes adipose tissue dysfunction and abnormal fat mass physical forces, resulting in adverse metabolic, biomechanical, and psychosocial health consequences.” Obesity Algorithm®. ©2017-2018 Obesity Medicine Association. Obesity is common, serious, and costly • The prevalence of obesity was 39.8% and affected about 93.3 million of US adults in 2015-2016. • Obesity-related conditions include heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and certain types of cancer that are some of the leading causes of preventable, premature death. • The estimated annual medical cost of obesity in the United States was $147 billion in 2008 US dollars; the medical cost for people who have obesity was $1,429 higher than those of normal weight. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html Obesity Kills • Leading cause of preventable death • Recently surpassed smoking as leading cause • Lifespan shortened 9 - 12 years • Over 400,000 deaths per year • 46 deaths each hour Prevalence of Self-Reported Obesity Among U.S. Adults by State and Territory, BRFSS, 2017 ¶ Prevalence estimates reflect BRFSS methodological changes started in 2011. These estimates should not be compared
    [Show full text]
  • Optimal Resources for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery
    Optimal Resources for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery 2019 Standards facs.org/mbsaqip AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS A AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS Optimal Resources for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery 2019 Standards Copyright © 2019 American College of Surgeons, 633 N. Saint Clair St., Chicago, IL 60611-3295. All rights reserved. Table Foreword ii MBSAQIP Designations and Accreditation Pathways vi of Contents Designations vii Designation Requirements Overview viii Accreditation Pathways x Standard 1 Institutional Administrative Commitment 1 1.1 Administrative Commitment 3 Standard 2 Program Scope and Governance 5 2.1 Volume Criteria 7 2.2 Low Acuity Center Patient and Procedure 9 Selection 2.3 Ambulatory Surgery Center Patient and 10 Procedure Selection 2.4 Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (MBS) Committee 11 2.5 Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (MBS) Director 13 2.6 Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (MBS) 15 Coordinator 2.7 Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (MBS) Clinical 16 Reviewer 2.8 Obesity Medicine Director (OMD) 18 Standard 3 Facilities and Equipment Resources 21 3.1 Health Care Facility Accreditation 23 3.2 Facilities, Equipment, and Furniture 24 3.3 Designated Bariatric Unit 26 Standard 4 Standard 6 Personnel and Services Resources 29 Data Surveillance and Systems 59 4.1 Credentialing Guidelines for Metabolic and 31 6.1 Data Entry 61 Bariatric Surgeons 6.2 30-Day
    [Show full text]
  • Obesity Medicine and Bariatric Surgery
    Obesity Medicine Your MOVE TIME Bariatric TEAM! • Obesity Medicine Physicians • Bariatric Surgeons • Behavioral Medicine/Psychologists • Dietitians • Physical Therapists • Nursing and Clerical staff Goals of the MOVE TIME Clinic • To help you lose weight, live a healthy lifestyle and improve your quality of life – Medical management to help those not interested in surgery or not surgical candidate – Medically optimize obesity-related comorbid conditions – Surgical management for those interested in weight-loss surgery Medical Evaluation: What do we do? • Evaluate causes of obesity • Evaluate/treat obesity-related conditions • Offer medical treatments for obesity – Weight loss medications • Pre-operative evaluation • Post-operative care Common Causes of Obesity • Inactivity- computer, gaming, TV time, commuting, desk work • Excess caloric intake- large portions, liquid calories (alcohol/sodas), unhealthy food choices Medical Causes of Obesity • Untreated Sleep Apnea (OSA) • Insomnia/Poor sleep • Hormone related- Hypothyroidism, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Low Testosterone, Cushings • Depression, anxiety, PTSD, sexual trauma, stress • Medications- e.g. psychiatric medications, insulin for diabetes • Genetics/Epigenetics • Traumatic Brain Injuries Medical conditions related to Obesity • Diabetes • Heart Failure • High Blood Pressure • Kidney disease • High Cholesterol • Inflammation • Sleep Apnea • Blood Clots • Heart Burn/Reflux • Cancers • Joint • Infertility pain/Osteoarthritis • Urinary Incontinence • Fatty liver and cirrhosis • Hormone
    [Show full text]
  • Childhood Obesity Fact Sheet
    CHILDHOOD OBESITY FACT SHEET DEFINING CHILDHOOD OBESITY Body mass index (BMI) is a measure used to determine childhood overweight and obesity. Overweight is defined as a BMI at or above the 85th percentile and below the 95th percentile for children and teens of the same age and sex. Obesity is defined as a BMI at or above the 95th percentile for children and teens of the same age and sex. CHILDHOOD OBESITY RATES One in five children in the United States has obesity. The prevalence of obesity among U.S. youth ages 2-19 was 18.5% in 2015-2016. Preschool-aged children (2-5 years) – 13.9% School-aged children (6-11 years) – 18.4% Adolescents (12-19 years) – 20.6% There was no significant difference in the prevalence of obesity between boys and girls overall or by age group. The prevalence of obesity decreased with increasing level of education of the head of household. Lowest income group – 18.9% Middle income group – 19.9% Highest income group – 10.9% Obesity prevalence was lower in the highest income group among non-Hispanic Asian and Hispanic boys, and non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Asian, and Hispanic girls. Obesity prevalence did not differ by income among non-Hispanic Black girls. Written by Gurpreet Boparai, MD, FOMA © Obesity Medicine Association. All rights reserved. Materials may not be reproduced, redistributed, or translated without written permission. CAUSES OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY NUTRITION PHYSICAL ACTIVITY MEDICAL ISSUES High-calorie foods, Increased sedentary Medications low-nutrient foods, activities and screen (e.g.,
    [Show full text]
  • Nutrition Recommendations for Obesity Management
    NUTRITION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OBESITY MANAGEMENT The medical treatment of obesity hinges on four pillars – nutrition, physical activity, behavior, and medication. Nutritional recommendations have to be tailored to the individual patient and his or her likes and dislikes, medical co-morbidities, and current medications. The best diet is the one that is sustainable for the patient long-term. These recommendations are generalized guidelines to assist in creating an individualized nutrition prescription for your patient. STEP 1 CREATE A CALORIE DEFICIT When you eat fewer calories than you burn, you create a calorie deficit (also called an energy deficit). When you create a calorie deficit, your body gets energy from stored fat. Your body can use energy from stored fat to keep moving instead of using energy from food. When your body burns fat for energy, you lose weight. 3 STRATEGIES TO ESTIMATE ENERGY DEFICIT: Estimate individual energy requirements according to expert guidelines, such as the Harris Benedict Equation, the Mifflin‐St Jeor Equation, or the World Health Organization formula. Prescribe a diet with an energy deficit of 500 kcal/day, 750 kcal/day, or 30 percent. Specify an energy intake target that is less than that required for energy balance, usually 1,200 to 1,500 kcal/day for women and 1,500 to 1,800 kcal/day for men. (Kcal will need to be adjusted for the individual’s body weight and physical activity levels.) Use an open approach, where a formal energy‐deficit target is not prescribed, but lower calorie intake is achieved by restriction or elimination of particular food groups or provision of prescribed foods.
    [Show full text]
  • AACE/ACE Guidelines AMERICAN ASSOCIATION of CLINICAL
    AACE/ACE Guidelines AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR MEDICAL CARE OF PATIENTS WITH OBESITY W. Timothy Garvey, MD, FACE1; Jeffrey I. Mechanick, MD, FACP, FACE, FACN, ECNU2; Elise M. Brett, MD, FACE, CNSC, ECNU3; Alan J. Garber, MD, PhD, FACE4; Daniel L. Hurley, MD, FACE5; Ania M. Jastreboff, MD, PhD6; Karl Nadolsky, DO7; Rachel Pessah-Pollack, MD8; Raymond Plodkowski, MD9; and Reviewers of the AACE/ACE Obesity Clinical Practice Guidelines* American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice are systematically devel- oped statements to assist health care professionals in medical decision-making for specific clinical conditions. Most of the content herein is based on a systematic review of evidence published in peer-reviewed literature. In areas in which there was some uncertainty, professional judgment was applied. These guidelines are a working document reflecting the state of the field at the time of publication. Because rapid changes in this area are expected, periodic revisions are inevitable. We encourage medical professionals to use this infor- mation in conjunction with their best clinical judgment. The presented recommendations may not be appropriate in all situations. Any decision by practitioners to apply these guidelines must be made in light of local resources and individual patient circumstances. From 1Professor and Chair, Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham,
    [Show full text]
  • Download Brochure
    Obesity is a Disease Learn More Obesity is a multifactorial disease which negatively If you would like to learn more about impacts many other conditions and diseases in patients. the program or begin the program, Anyone who is overweight is at risk for obesity and can please plan to attend a benefit from medical treatment. free information session. Diseases are disorders that occur and can often be Get the latest dates, times, improved with treatment. Disease is not your fault. and locations by visiting www.ReforMedicine.com/register What is It? or by calling our Eau Claire office at 715-514-2827. The Medical Weight Loss program at ReforMedicine is an effective and affordable medical treatment for the disease of obesity. An eating plan is part of the medical treatment program which considers a patient’s total health and manages any other related health conditions along the way. Who Can Participate? The Medical Weight Loss Treatment Program at ReforMedicine is designed for adults 18 and older. This is a medical treatment and is appropriate for anyone with any medical condition(s). Most patients have more than 20 pounds to lose all the way up to 300 pounds or more. Corporate office 3004 Golf Road | Eau Claire, WI 54701 www.ReforMedicine.com | 715-514-2827 Pricing subject to change without notice. Rev. 1/2021 Our Expert Team How Does it Work? ReforMedicine Medical Weight Loss providers and support ReforMedicine’s Medical Weight Loss is a medical program staff have specialized training in obesity medicine. designed to treat the disease of obesity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Obesity Medicine Association's Guide To
    THE OBESITY MEDICINE ASSOCIATION’S GUIDE TO OBESITY CLASSIFICATION* For more educational resources about obesity, visit obesitymedicine.org BODY MASS PERCENT WAIST INDEX BODY FAT CIRCUMFERENCE Classification (kg/m2)†: Classification†: Classification†: 2-5% 10-13% NORMAL WEIGHT 18.5-24.9 ESSENTIAL FAT >40 >35 ABDOMINAL inches inches ATHLETES 6-13% 14-20% OBESITY OVERWEIGHT 25.0-29.9 >102 >88 14-17% 21-24% centimeters centimeters CLASS I OBESITY 30.0-34.9 FITNESS 18-24% 25-31% CLASS II OBESITY 35.0-39.9 ACCEPTABLE >25% >32% CLASS III OBESITY >40 OBESITY Body mass index (BMI) is measured by Percent body fat is measured by taking Waist circumference is measured at taking the weight in kilograms divided the total mass of fat divided by the the abdomen, usually at the smallest by the height in meters squared. total body mass. There are a number circumference of the natural waist, of measurement techniques, including just above the belly button. Advantages bioimpedance and DEXA scans. Increased BMI generally correlates with Advantages metabolic and fat mass diseases in Advantages Well correlated to metabolic disease population studies More specific assessment of body fat Direct anatomical measure of adipose Commonly used (not muscle, etc.) tissue deposition, with an increase in Reasonably reproducible May be a reasonable longitudinal measure waist circumference reflective of adipose Low cost in patients adhering to resistance tissue dysfunction Adequate measure for epidemiological studies exercise training Low cost Adequate screening metric
    [Show full text]
  • Why Primary Obesity Is a Disease? Antonino De Lorenzo1, Santo Gratteri2, Paola Gualtieri1* , Andrea Cammarano1, Pierfrancesco Bertucci3 and Laura Di Renzo1
    De Lorenzo et al. J Transl Med (2019) 17:169 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-019-1919-y Journal of Translational Medicine REVIEW Open Access Why primary obesity is a disease? Antonino De Lorenzo1, Santo Gratteri2, Paola Gualtieri1* , Andrea Cammarano1, Pierfrancesco Bertucci3 and Laura Di Renzo1 Abstract Obesity must be considered a real pathology. In the world wide, obesity represent one of the major public health issue associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Overweight or obesity, in fact, signifcantly increases the risk of contracting diseases, such as: arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, cerebral vasculopathy, gallbladder lithiasis, arthropathy, ovarian polycytosis, sleep apnea syndrome, and some neo- plasms. Despite numerous informative campaigns, unfortunately, the fght against obesity does not seem to work: in the last years, the prevalence continued to increase. The progressive and rapid increase in the incidence of obesity, which has characterized most of the economically advanced countries in the last decade, has been the main stimulus for the research of the mechanisms underlying this pathology and the related disorders. The aims of this review is to provide a revision of the literature in order to defne obesity as diseases, secondly to highlight the limits and the inaccuracy of common tools used for the diagnosis of obesity, and as a third thing to strengthen the concept of the complexity of obesity as a disease among political health care providers. Obesity may be viewed as a multifactorial pathology and chronic low-grade infammatory disease. In fact, people afected by obesity have greater risk of devel- oping comorbility and morbility, respect to healthy.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Council on Science and Public Health
    REPORT OF THE COUNCIL ON SCIENCE AND PUBLIC HEALTH CSAPH Report 3-A-13 Subject: Is Obesity a Disease? (Resolution 115-A-12) Presented by: Sandra A. Fryhofer, MD, Chair Referred to: Reference Committee D (Douglas W. Martin, MD, Chair) 1 INTRODUCTION 2 3 Resolution 115-A-12, “Obesity Should Be Considered a Chronic Medical Disease State,” 4 introduced by the Illinois Delegation at the 2012 American Medical Association (AMA) Annual 5 Meeting and referred by the House of Delegates, asks: 6 7 That our AMA: (1) recognize obesity and overweight as a chronic medical condition (de facto 8 disease state) and urgent public health problem; (2) recommend that providers receive 9 appropriate financial support and payment from third-party payers, thus ensuring that providers 10 have an incentive to manage the complex diseases associated with obesity; (3) work with third- 11 party payers and governmental agencies to recognize obesity intervention as an essential 12 medical service; and (4) establish a comprehensive ICD code for medical services to manage 13 and treat obese and overweight patients. 14 15 Reference Committee A recommended referral of Resolution 115-A-12 to clarify the first resolve. 16 AMA Policy H-150.953, “Obesity as a Major Public Health Program,” already urges improved 17 coding and payment mechanisms for the evaluation and management of obesity (Appendix). 18 Additionally, both the ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM contain diagnosis codes for overweight and 19 obesity, as well as body mass index (BMI). Therefore, this report addresses only the first resolve 20 of Resolution 115-A-12.
    [Show full text]
  • Weight Management a VA Clinician’S Guide to Weight Management (2019)
    Weight Management A VA Clinician’s Guide to Weight Management (2019) PBM Academic Detailing Service CONTENTS Background .................................................................................... 1 Acknowledging the unspoken ......................................................... 3 Addressing one obstacle at a time ................................................... 4 Prevention ...................................................................................... 5 Identification ................................................................................... 9 Engagement ................................................................................. 10 Motivational interviewing .............................................................. 11 Responding to Veterans’ perceived barriers to weight loss ............. 13 Frustrations with management of obesity ...................................... 14 Management ................................................................................ 15 Level 1: Comprehensive lifestyle intervention ......................... 16 Level 2: Drug therapy ............................................................. 18 Level 3: Surgical interventions ................................................ 21 Summary ...................................................................................... 23 Resources, acknowledgments, and references ............................... 24 PBM Academic Detailing Service These materials were developed by: VA PBM Academic Detailing Service Your Partner in
    [Show full text]
  • Weight Management Curriculum
    Weight Management Curriculum Megha Manek,MD FAAFP, Diplomate of ABOM. Assistant Professor Family and Community Medicine. Obesity • Severity of the problem. • More than 71% of US adults are overweight and obese. • Obesity-related conditions include heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and certain types of cancer, some of the leading causes of preventable death. • The estimated annual medical cost of obesity in the U.S. was $147/year billion in 2008 U.S. • The medical costs for people who have obesity were $1,429/person higher than those of normal weight. 1 Obesity Stigma and BIAS • Verbal stigma : such as ridicule, teasing, insults, stereotypes, derogatory names, or pejorative language. • Physical stigma : such as touching, grabbing, or other aggressive behaviors. • Social bias :chairs or seats in public venues which do not accommodate obese persons, or stores which do not carry clothing in large sizes. • Discrimination: employment discrimination where an obese employee is denied a position or promotion due to his or her appearance, despite being appropriately qualified. 4 2 • Obese women are at increased risk of developing and dying from cancer, but are less likely than non-obese women to receive cancer screening examinations. • In a survey of 33 obese women patient common responses • I just don’t think that speculum is sized right, and maybe they think because you’re a big person that, you know, vaginally they use the biggest spec-I don’t know what it is, but I just don’t think they choose right. • “ think they do-what would be the expression-put you in a box.
    [Show full text]