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An Analysis of the Effects of Trauma on Foster Youth Aging out of the Florida Foster Care System: Implications for Supportive Interventions and Practices

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An Analysis of the Effects of Trauma on Foster Youth Aging out of the Florida Foster Care System: Implications for Supportive Interventions and Practices Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks Department of Conflict Resolution Studies CAHSS Theses, Dissertations, and Applied Theses and Dissertations Clinical Projects 2020 An Analysis of the Effects of Trauma on Foster Youth Aging Out of the Florida Foster Care System: Implications for Supportive Interventions and Practices Kesia Vazquez Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd Part of the Peace and Conflict Studies Commons Share Feedback About This Item This Dissertation is brought to you by the CAHSS Theses, Dissertations, and Applied Clinical Projects at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. An Analysis of the Effects of Trauma on Foster Youth Aging Out of the Florida Foster Care System: Implications for Supportive Interventions and Practices by Kesia Vazquez A Dissertation Presented to the College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences of Nova Southeastern University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Nova Southeastern University 2020 Copyright © by Kesia Vazquez June 2020 Nova Southeastern University College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences This dissertation was submitted by Kesia Vasquez under the direction of the chair of the dissertation committee listed below. It was submitted to the College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences and approved in partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Conflict Analysis and Resolution at Nova Southeastern University. Approved: Dedication This is dedicated to the thousands of foster youth across the U.S. that age out of the Child Welfare System and are still beating the odds. I see you. I am with you. May this research provide some insight of your struggles and strengths. stay strong through your pain grow flowers from it you have helped me grow flowers out of mine so bloom beautifully dangerously loudly bloom softly however you need just bloom Rupi Kaur Acknowledgement The mind says: this river has no bottom, the heart says: we can rebuild a bridge here. Cleo Wade First, I want to thank the participants in this study that poured their hearts and souls for the betterment of the lives of those in the system. Immeasurable appreciation and deepest gratitude to Educate Tomorrow and their team for the meaningful work they are doing and for the assistance throughout this process. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the dissertation committee and my chair, without their guidance, I would not have made it. Dr. Neil Katz and Dr. Judith Mckay served as committee members, and Dr. Dustin Berna, my Chair, went above and beyond to help me reach my goal. My deep gratitude goes to all the strong women in my life that have taught me, loved me, counseled, and mentored me. Beginning with my mother and grandmother, Martha, and Yolanda (Mima), they taught me the true meaning of love for others. To my mentors Mara Fisher and Dr. Malou C. Harrison for your kindness, sincerity, and teachings. To my family/friends/colleagues: Your love and understanding through the good and dark times have carried me through. Thank you for believing in me and ALWAYS showing up. You never let me give up. (No particular order: Jaime, Karlos, Juliette, Steph, Noe, Santos, Manu, Ernie, Mel, Frenchie, Helen, Erika E., Jessica, Gricel, Jose L., Nalin, Georgette, Arleen, Isabel D., Tere). I am very much indebted to my dearest friend Heather for her encouragement and invaluable support during the course of my Ph.D work. I will end with this...I never dreamt this far. Raised in a religious, single parent home obtaining a doctoral degree was not part of the plan. However, life had something else instore for me. My greatest passion was to help disadvantaged people and I have high hopes that with this research, I have shed some light on the challenges this group faces and the systemic changes we need to make. Table of Contents List of Tables ................................................................................................................... v List of Figures ................................................................................................................. vi Abstract .......................................................................................................................... vii Chapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................................... 1 Background ............................................................................................................ 2 Transitioning Out of Foster Care ........................................................................... 6 Problem Statement ............................................................................................... 17 Research Questions .............................................................................................. 18 Theoretical Framework ........................................................................................ 18 Nature of the Study .............................................................................................. 18 About the Organization ........................................................................................ 19 Rationale for Qualitative Methods ....................................................................... 20 Assumptions ......................................................................................................... 21 Scope and Delimitations ...................................................................................... 21 Limitations ........................................................................................................... 22 Significance.......................................................................................................... 23 Definition of Terms.............................................................................................. 24 Outline of Dissertation ......................................................................................... 27 Chapter 2: Literature Review ......................................................................................... 28 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 28 Theoretical Foundation: Conflict Theories .......................................................... 31 Family Systems Theory ....................................................................................... 34 i Structural Violence .............................................................................................. 38 Intrapersonal Conflict .......................................................................................... 41 Trauma ................................................................................................................. 46 Effects of Trauma ................................................................................................ 48 Adaptive and Maladaptive Coping ...................................................................... 51 Trauma and the Child Welfare System ................................................................ 54 Types of Trauma experienced by FYA ................................................................ 57 Macro-level Barriers: Child Welfare System ...................................................... 66 Micro-level Barriers: Foster Youth Alumni ........................................................ 69 Gaps in the Literature........................................................................................... 74 Modern Day Initiatives ........................................................................................ 75 Triphasic Trauma Therapy ................................................................................... 76 Chapter Summary ................................................................................................ 78 Chapter 3: Methodology ................................................................................................ 80 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 80 Research Questions and Rationale ....................................................................... 80 Qualitative Research ............................................................................................ 81 Appropriateness of Phenomenology .................................................................... 81 Epoche and Intentionality .................................................................................... 82 Sample.................................................................................................................. 84 Data-Collection Instrumentation .......................................................................... 87 Procedure ............................................................................................................. 87 Participant Interview Questions ........................................................................... 88 ii Rationale for Questions ........................................................................................ 89 Data Analysis ....................................................................................................... 90 Horizontalization, Reduction
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