Biodiversidade Botânica Presente Nos Méis Do Estado Do Piauí, Brasil: Inferência Palinológica

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Biodiversidade Botânica Presente Nos Méis Do Estado Do Piauí, Brasil: Inferência Palinológica UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE FEIRA DE SANTANA DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BOTÂNICA BIODIVERSIDADE BOTÂNICA PRESENTE NOS MÉIS DO ESTADO DO PIAUÍ, BRASIL: INFERÊNCIA PALINOLÓGICA RICARDO LANDIM BORMANN DE BORGES FEIRA DE SANTANA - 2013 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE FEIRA DE SANTANA DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BOTÂNICA BIODIVERSIDADE BOTÂNICA PRESENTE NOS MÉIS DO ESTADO DO PIAUÍ, BRASIL: INFERÊNCIA PALINOLÓGICA RICARDO LANDIM BORMANN DE BORGES Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Botânica da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências – Botânica Prof. Dr. Francisco de Assis Ribeiro dos Santos (UEFS, Orientador) Dr. Ricardo Rodrigues Costa de Camargo (EMBRAPA, Co-Orientador) FEIRA DE SANTANA - 2013 BANCA EXAMINADORA _____________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Roseli Farias Melo de Barros (Universidade Federal do Piauí – UFPI) ______________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Juliana do Nascimento Bendini (Universidade Federal do Piauí – UFPI) _____________________________________________________ Dra. Luciene Cristina Lima e Lima (Universidade do Estado da Bahia/UNEB) _____________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Paulino Pereira Oliveira (Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana/UEFS) _____________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Francisco de Assis Ribeiro dos Santos (Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana/UEFS) Orientador e Presidente da Banca Feira de Santana - 2013 À Ana Luiza, amor da minha vida, dedico. “Confia no SENHOR e faze o bem; habitarás na terra e, verdadeiramente, serás alimentado. Deleita-te também no SENHOR, e Ele te concederá o que deseja o teu coração. Entrega o teu caminho ao SENHOR; confia nele, e Ele tudo o fará.” Salmos 37, 3-5. AGRADECIMENTOS À FAPESB, pela concessão da bolsa de fomento no início do doutorado. Ao CNPq, pela concessão da bolsa de doutorado, que possibilitou o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. À EMBRAPA-MN, por fornecer muitas das amostras de mel utilizadas nessa pesquisa. Ao Dr. Bruno de Almeida Souza, pela recepção, presteza e constante disponibilidade às minhas idas a Teresina. Às doutoras Fábia de Mello Pereira e Maria Teresa do Rego Lopes, pela recepção na Embrapa. Às técnicas Ieda Maria Baade dos Santos e Rosângela Severo Diniz, pela recepção e ajuda durante a execução das atividades na Embrapa. À COMAPI, na pessoa do Sr. Paulo José da Silva, seu gerente administrativo, pelo fornecimento das amostras de mel para o estudo focal e pelo auxílio no contato com outros apicultores durante expedições ao interior do estado do Piauí. Aos apicultores do estado do Piauí por, abrirem suas casas e, muitas vezes, mesmo em momentos difíceis, me fornecerem do seu pouco alimento (o mel) para a conclusão desse estudo. Muito obrigado, vocês são verdadeiros heróis do Brasil, ao resistirem às condições mais extremas impostas pelo clima semiárido. À Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana e ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, por me receberem como aluno e auxiliarem financeiramente participações em congressos e expedições para coleta. Às secretárias do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Adriana Estrela e Gardênia Aires, por facilitarem as atividades durante esses quatro anos. A senhora Neuza Magalhães Moraes Santos (SISBI/UEFS), pela aquisição das cópias dos artigos utilizados. Aos docentes do curso de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, seus ensinamentos foram valiosos para minha formação. Aos colegas de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, em especial Anderson Machado, Aline Mota, Domingos Cardoso, Maria Luiza Silveira e Marla Ibrahim, muito obrigado pelo convívio e amizade, foi muito divertido e prazeroso estar ao lado de vocês durante esses quatro anos. Ao “mestre” Amigo Francisco de Assis Ribeiro dos Santos, carinhosamente chamado de “Chico” ou “chefe”, muito obrigado por tudo, saiba que nunca me preocupei em ser o melhor, muito menos superar meu mestre, mas simplesmente, ao fazer o meu melhor, não decepcioná-lo. Sentirei saudades. Ao meu co-orientador Ricardo Camargo, obrigado por possibilitar o desenvolvimento desse trabalho ao aceitar a co-orientação. A Profa. Dra. Cláudia Elena Carneiro, como coordenadora do Laboratório de Micromorfologia Vegetal – UEFS, por facilitar o trabalho nas dependências do mesmo. E como amiga, pelas inúmeras conversas durante as tardes no Lamiv, muito obrigado. Ao doutor e amigo Paulino Pereira Oliveira, pelas discussões e conselhos durante esses quatro anos. Aprendi muito com você sobre a melissopalinologia, muito obrigado. Ao amigo Jailson Novais, pela amizade e sempre divertida companhia durante o trabalho e congressos. Em 2012 foi rumo a Tóquio, em 2013 é rumo à Ucrânia!!!! Que tal mais um pouco de radiação? rsrsrsrsrsrsrsr... Aos AMIGOS do Lamiv: Ana Paula Conceição, André Queiroz, Joseane Carneiro, Marcos Dórea, Nayade Raihanne Lima, Rodolfo França, Vanessa Matos e Teresa Cristina Rebouças, cada um de vocês contribuiu com uma parte desse trabalho, muito obrigado. Em especial ao amigo Marcel Carvalho, sua ajuda foi imprescindível, obrigado pela amizade e convívio como amigo e aluno. Ah! não posso esquecer-me de agradecer a todos pelas memoráveis tardes de votação do sabor do sorvete a ser comprado; dessa vez eu quero de flocos!!!!! Aos amigos unebianos, Dr. Francisco Hilder Magalhães, Dra. Luciene Cristina Lima, Dra. Marileide Saba e Msc. Rita de Cássia Araújo, pela amizade, conversas e risadas; adoro vocês. Aos orientandos e orientados, Ana Carla Oliveira, Diele Gomes, Edson Junior Coutinho e Lorena Malheiros, pelo convívio em Caetité e compreensão das faltas durante a conclusão desse trabalho, meu muito obrigado. Aos colegas professores de Caetité, em especial Ângela Camargo, Grasielle Souza, Jaqueline Cardoso, Juliane Amorim e Maria Telma Oliveira, sua presteza e compreensão possibilitaram a finalização desse trabalho. Aos mais novos amigos, Lucas e Layla Wright, Rui e Karine Padilha, Tiago e Karine Mascarenhas, muito obrigado pela amizade, pizzas e filmes, Deus foi muito generoso ao colocar vocês no meu caminho. Aos amigos da Igreja Batista da Avenida, na pessoa do pastor Ágabo Borges de Sousa, pelo acolhimento, ensinamentos e orações, agradeço a Deus a benção de poder fazer parte dessa igreja e compartilhar da amizade de todos. À Graça Tui, pelas orações, convívio e amizade. A minha mais nova família, Amanda Bellino, Fernando Côrtes, Lucio Côrtes e Olga Côrtes, obrigado por me receberem como genro e amigo, vocês foram maravilhosos. A minha família, nas pessoas de Anália Paes Landim, José Paes Landim e Maria Eva Landim, obrigado por cada palavra de incentivo, amo muito a todos vocês. Aos meus pais, Marly e Paulo Roberto, obrigado pelos sacrifícios e esforços de tantos anos, não há palavras que expressem o meu amor e gratidão por vocês. Se hoje sou o que sou, sou porque me fizeram assim, me ensinaram, educaram e amaram, cada um do seu jeitinho, assim, especial para mim. À minha esposa, Ana Luiza, luz brilhante que ilumina cada passo, cada momento e ação dos meus dias. Companheira que viveu as alegrias e tristezas desse trabalho. Obrigado por me amar, mesmo com os meus defeitos; obrigado por me alegrar nos momentos tristes, e por rir nos alegres, por cuidar de mim, e se deixar cuidar por mim. Amo-te no teu mais profundo ser, assim, do jeitinho que Deus te fez para mim. A Deus, por literalmente ter me suportado, nos dois sentidos da palavra, de dar suporte e de me agüentar, pois só com a graça “Dele” este trabalho foi possível. A ti, toda honra e toda a glória. A todos aqueles que direta ou indiretamente participaram desta conquista. Muito obrigado! SUMÁRIO AGRADECIMENTOS RESUMO ABSTRACT INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................................................................ 1 CAPÍTULO 1. Diagnóstico palinológico dos méis de Apis mellifera L. provenientes do estado do Piauí ................................................................................................................... 6 Resumo ......................................................................................................................... 7 Abstract ......................................................................................................................... 8 Introdução ..................................................................................................................... 9 Metodologia ................................................................................................................ 12 Resultados ................................................................................................................... 19 Diagnose Botânica dos Méis das Mesorregiões do estado do Piauí .......................................... 41 Mesorregião Norte Piauiense ......................................................................... 41 Mesorregião Centro-Norte Piauiense.............................................................. 47 Mesorregião Sudoeste Piauiense .................................................................... 57 Mesorregião Sudeste Piauiense ...................................................................... 66 Discussão .................................................................................................................... 76 Considerações finais .................................................................................................... 90 Referências Bibliográficas
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