Tonal and Transformational Approaches to Chick Corea’S Compositions of the 1960S
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Chapter 1 Geometric Generalizations of the Tonnetz and Their Relation To
November 22, 2017 12:45 ws-rv9x6 Book Title yustTonnetzSub page 1 Chapter 1 Geometric Generalizations of the Tonnetz and their Relation to Fourier Phases Spaces Jason Yust Boston University School of Music, 855 Comm. Ave., Boston, MA, 02215 [email protected] Some recent work on generalized Tonnetze has examined the topologies resulting from Richard Cohn's common-tone based formulation, while Tymoczko has reformulated the Tonnetz as a network of voice-leading re- lationships and investigated the resulting geometries. This paper adopts the original common-tone based formulation and takes a geometrical ap- proach, showing that Tonnetze can always be realized in toroidal spaces, and that the resulting spaces always correspond to one of the possible Fourier phase spaces. We can therefore use the DFT to optimize the given Tonnetz to the space (or vice-versa). I interpret two-dimensional Tonnetze as triangulations of the 2-torus into regions associated with the representatives of a single trichord type. The natural generalization to three dimensions is therefore a triangulation of the 3-torus. This means that a three-dimensional Tonnetze is, in the general case, a network of three tetrachord-types related by shared trichordal subsets. Other Ton- netze that have been proposed with bounded or otherwise non-toroidal topologies, including Tymoczko's voice-leading Tonnetze, can be under- stood as the embedding of the toroidal Tonnetze in other spaces, or as foldings of toroidal Tonnetze with duplicated interval types. 1. Formulations of the Tonnetz The Tonnetz originated in nineteenth-century German harmonic theory as a network of pitch classes connected by consonant intervals. -
Harmony Crib Sheets
Jazz Harmony Primer General stuff There are two main types of harmony found in modern Western music: 1) Modal 2) Functional Modal harmony generally involves a static drone, riff or chord over which you have melodies with notes chosen from various scales. It’s common in rock, modern jazz and electronic dance music. It predates functional harmony, too. In some types of modal music – for example in jazz - you get different modes/chord scale sounds over the course of a piece. Chords and melodies can be drawn from these scales. This kind of harmony is suited to the guitar due to its open strings and retuning possibilities. We see the guitar take over as a songwriting instrument at about the same time as the modes become popular in pop music. Loop based music also encourages this kind of harmony. It has become very common in all areas of music since the late 20th century under the influence of rock and folk music, composers like Steve Reich, modal jazz pioneered by Miles Davis and John Coltrane, and influences from India, the Middle East and pre-classical Western music. Functional harmony is a development of the kind of harmony used by Bach and Mozart. Jazz up to around 1960 was primarily based on this kind of harmony, and jazz improvisation was concerned with the improvising over songs written by the classically trained songwriters and film composers of the era. These composers all played the piano, so in a sense functional harmony is piano harmony. It’s not really guitar shaped. When I talk about functional harmony I’ll mostly be talking about ways we can improvise and compose on pre-existing jazz standards rather than making up new progressions. -
Riemann's Functional Framework for Extended Jazz Harmony James
Riemann’s Functional Framework for Extended Jazz Harmony James McGowan The I or tonic chord is the only chord which gives the feeling of complete rest or relaxation. Since the I chord acts as the point of rest there is generated in the other chords a feeling of tension or restlessness. The other chords therefore must 1 eventually return to the tonic chord if a feeling of relaxation is desired. Invoking several musical metaphors, Ricigliano’s comment could apply equally well to the tension and release of any tonal music, not only jazz. Indeed, such metaphors serve as essential points of departure for some extended treatises in music theory.2 Andrew Jaffe further associates “tonic,” “stability,” and “consonance,” when he states: “Two terms used to refer to the extremes of harmonic stability and instability within an individual chord or a chord progression are dissonance and consonance.”3 One should acknowledge, however, that to the non-jazz reader, reference to “tonic chord” implicitly means triad. This is not the case for Ricigliano, Jaffe, or numerous other writers of pedagogical jazz theory.4 Rather, in complete indifference to, ignorance of, or reaction against the common-practice principle that only triads or 1 Ricigliano 1967, 21. 2 A prime example, Berry applies the metaphor of “motion” to explore “Formal processes and element-actions of growth and decline” within different musical domains, in diverse stylistic contexts. Berry 1976, 6 (also see 111–2). An important precedent for Berry’s work in the metaphoric dynamism of harmony and other parameters is found in the writings of Kurth – particularly in his conceptions of “sensuous” and “energetic” harmony. -
THE SHARED INFLUENCES and CHARACTERISTICS of JAZZ FUSION and PROGRESSIVE ROCK by JOSEPH BLUNK B.M.E., Illinois State University, 2014
COMMON GROUND: THE SHARED INFLUENCES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF JAZZ FUSION AND PROGRESSIVE ROCK by JOSEPH BLUNK B.M.E., Illinois State University, 2014 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master in Jazz Performance and Pedagogy Department of Music 2020 Abstract Blunk, Joseph Michael (M.M., Jazz Performance and Pedagogy) Common Ground: The Shared Influences and Characteristics of Jazz Fusion and Progressive Rock Thesis directed by Dr. John Gunther In the late 1960s through the 1970s, two new genres of music emerged: jazz fusion and progressive rock. Though typically thought of as two distinct styles, both share common influences and stylistic characteristics. This thesis examines the emergence of both genres, identifies stylistic traits and influences, and analyzes the artistic output of eight different groups: Return to Forever, Mahavishnu Orchestra, Miles Davis’s electric ensembles, Tony Williams Lifetime, Yes, King Crimson, Gentle Giant, and Soft Machine. Through qualitative listenings of each group’s musical output, comparisons between genres or groups focus on instances of one genre crossing over into the other. Though many examples of crossing over are identified, the examples used do not necessitate the creation of a new genre label, nor do they demonstrate the need for both genres to be combined into one. iii Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Part One: The Emergence of Jazz………………………………………………………….. 3 Part Two: The Emergence of Progressive………………………………………………….. 10 Part Three: Musical Crossings Between Jazz Fusion and Progressive Rock…………….... 16 Part Four: Conclusion, Genre Boundaries and Commonalities……………………………. 40 Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………. -
Victory and Sorrow: the Music & Life of Booker Little
ii VICTORY AND SORROW: THE MUSIC & LIFE OF BOOKER LITTLE by DYLAN LAGAMMA A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-Newark Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Graduate Program in Jazz History & Research written under the direction of Henry Martin and approved by _________________________ _________________________ Newark, New Jersey October 2017 i ©2017 Dylan LaGamma ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION VICTORY AND SORROW: THE MUSICAL LIFE OF BOOKER LITTLE BY DYLAN LAGAMMA Dissertation Director: Henry Martin Booker Little, a masterful trumpeter and composer, passed away in 1961 at the age of twenty-three. Little's untimely death, and still yet extensive recording career,1 presents yet another example of early passing among innovative and influential trumpeters. Like Clifford Brown before him, Theodore “Fats” Navarro before him, Little's death left a gap the in jazz world as both a sophisticated technician and an inspiring composer. However, unlike his predecessors Little is hardly – if ever – mentioned in jazz texts and classrooms. His influence is all but non-existent except to those who have researched his work. More than likely he is the victim of too early a death: Brown passed away at twenty-five and Navarro, twenty-six. Bob Cranshaw, who is present on Little's first recording,2 remarks, “Nobody got a chance to really experience [him]...very few remember him because nobody got a chance to really hear him or see him.”3 Given this, and his later work with more avant-garde and dissonant harmonic/melodic structure as a writing partner with Eric Dolphy, it is no wonder that his remembered career has followed more the path of James P. -
Discography of the Mainstream Label
Discography of the Mainstream Label Mainstream was founded in 1964 by Bob Shad, and in its early history reissued material from Commodore Records and Time Records in addition to some new jazz material. The label released Big Brother & the Holding Company's first material in 1967, as well as The Amboy Dukes' first albums, whose guitarist, Ted Nugent, would become a successful solo artist in the 1970s. Shad died in 1985, and his daughter, Tamara Shad, licensed its back catalogue for reissues. In 1991 it was resurrected in order to reissue much of its holdings on compact disc, and in 1993, it was purchased by Sony subsidiary Legacy Records. 56000/6000 Series 56000 mono, S 6000 stereo - The Commodore Recordings 1939, 1944 - Billy Holiday [1964] Strange Fruit/She’s Funny That Way/Fine and Mellow/Embraceable You/I’ll Get By//Lover Come Back to Me/I Cover the Waterfront/Yesterdays/I Gotta Right to Sing the Blues/I’ll Be Seeing You 56001 mono, S 6001 stereo - Begin the Beguine - Eddie Heywood [1964] Begin the Beguine/Downtown Cafe Boogie/I Can't Believe That You're in Love with Me/Carry Me Back to Old Virginny/Uptown Cafe Boogie/Love Me Or Leave Me/Lover Man/Save Your Sorrow 56002 mono, S 6002 stereo - Influence of Five - Hawkins, Young & Others [1964] Smack/My Ideal/Indiana/These Foolish Things/Memories Of You/I Got Rhythm/Way Down Yonder In New Orleans/Stardust/Sittin' In/Just A Riff 56003 mono, S 6003 stereo - Dixieland-New Orleans - Teagarden, Davison & Others [1964] That’s A- Plenty/Panama/Ugly Chile/Riverboat Shuffle/Royal Garden Blues/Clarinet -
Perceived Triad Distance: Evidence Supporting the Psychological Reality of Neo-Riemannian Transformations Author(S): Carol L
Yale University Department of Music Perceived Triad Distance: Evidence Supporting the Psychological Reality of Neo-Riemannian Transformations Author(s): Carol L. Krumhansl Source: Journal of Music Theory, Vol. 42, No. 2, Neo-Riemannian Theory (Autumn, 1998), pp. 265-281 Published by: Duke University Press on behalf of the Yale University Department of Music Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/843878 . Accessed: 03/04/2013 14:34 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Duke University Press and Yale University Department of Music are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Music Theory. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.84.127.82 on Wed, 3 Apr 2013 14:34:27 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions PERCEIVED TRIAD DISTANCE: EVIDENCE SUPPORTING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL REALITY OF NEO-RIEMANNIAN TRANSFORMATIONS CarolL. Krumhansl This articleexamines two sets of empiricaldata for the psychological reality of neo-Riemanniantransformations. Previous research (summa- rized, for example, in Krumhansl1990) has establishedthe influence of parallel, P, relative, R, and dominant, D, transformationson cognitive representationsof musical pitch. The present article considers whether empirical data also support the psychological reality of the Leitton- weschsel, L, transformation.Lewin (1982, 1987) began workingwith the D P R L family to which were added a few other diatonic operations. -
Tonality and Transformation, by Steven Rings. Oxford Studies in Music Theory
Tonality and Transformation, by Steven Rings. Oxford Studies in Music Theory. Richard Cohn, series editor. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. xiv + 243 pp. ISBN 978-0-19-538427-7. $35 (Hardback).1 Reviewed by William O’Hara Harvard University teven Rings’ Tonality and Transformation is only one entry in a deluge of recent volumes1 in the Oxford Studies in Music Theory series,2 but its extension of the transformational ideas pioneered by S scholars like David Lewin, Brian Hyer, and Richard Cohn into the domain of tonal music sets it apart as a significant milestone in contemporary music theory. Through the “technologies” of transformational theory, Rings articulates his nuanced perspective on tonal hearing by mixing in generous helpings of Husserlian philosophy and mathematical graph theory, and situating the result in a broad historical context. The text is also sprinkled throughout with illuminating methodological comments, which weave a parallel narrative of analytical pluralism by bringing transformational ideas into contact with other modes of analysis (primarily Schenkerian theory) and arguing that they can complement rather than compete with one another. Rings manages to achieve all this in 222 concise pages that will prove both accessible to students and satisfying for experts, making the book simultaneously a substantial theoretical contribution, a valuable exposition of existing transformational ideas, and an exhilarating case study for creative, interdisciplinary music theorizing. [2] Tonality and Transformation is divided into two parts. The first three chapters constitute the theory proper—a reimagining of tonal music theory from the ground up, via the theoretical technologies mentioned above. The final 70 pages consist of four analytical essays, which begin to put Rings’ ideas into practice. -
November/December 2005 Issue 277 Free Now in Our 31St Year
jazz &blues report november/december 2005 issue 277 free now in our 31st year www.jazz-blues.com Sam Cooke American Music Masters Series Rock & Roll Hall of Fame & Museum 31st Annual Holiday Gift Guide November/December 2005 • Issue 277 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum’s 10th Annual American Music Masters Series “A Change Is Gonna Come: Published by Martin Wahl The Life and Music of Sam Cooke” Communications Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Inductees Aretha Franklin Editor & Founder Bill Wahl and Elvis Costello Headline Main Tribute Concert Layout & Design Bill Wahl The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and sic for a socially conscientious cause. He recognized both the growing popularity of Operations Jim Martin Museum and Case Western Reserve University will celebrate the legacy of the early folk-rock balladeers and the Pilar Martin Sam Cooke during the Tenth Annual changing political climate in America, us- Contributors American Music Masters Series this ing his own popularity and marketing Michael Braxton, Mark Cole, November. Sam Cooke, considered by savvy to raise the conscience of his lis- Chris Hovan, Nancy Ann Lee, many to be the definitive soul singer and teners with such classics as “Chain Gang” Peanuts, Mark Smith, Duane crossover artist, a model for African- and “A Change is Gonna Come.” In point Verh and Ron Weinstock. American entrepreneurship and one of of fact, the use of “A Change is Gonna Distribution Jason Devine the first performers to use music as a Come” was granted to the Southern Chris- tian Leadership Conference for ICON Distribution tool for social change, was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in the fundraising by Cooke and his manager, Check out our new, updated web inaugural class of 1986. -
JREV3.8FULL.Pdf
JAZZ WRITING? I am one of Mr. Turley's "few people" who follow The New Yorker and are jazz lovers, and I find in Whitney Bal- liett's writing some of the sharpest and best jazz criticism in the field. He has not been duped with "funk" in its pseudo-gospel hard-boppish world, or- with the banal playing and writing of some of the "cool school" Californians. He does believe, and rightly so, that a fine jazz performance erases the bound• aries of jazz "movements" or fads. He seems to be able to spot insincerity in any phalanx of jazz musicians. And he has yet to be blinded by the name of a "great"; his recent column on Bil- lie Holiday is the most clear-headed analysis I have seen, free of the fan- magazine hero-worship which seems to have been the order of the day in the trade. It is true that a great singer has passed away, but it does the late Miss Holiday's reputation no good not to ad• LETTERS mit that some of her later efforts were (dare I say it?) not up to her earlier work in quality. But I digress. In Mr. Balliett's case, his ability as a critic is added to his admitted "skill with words" (Turley). He is making a sincere effort to write rather than play jazz; to improvise with words,, rather than notes. A jazz fan, in order to "dig" a given solo, unwittingly knows a little about the equipment: the tune being improvised to, the chord struc• ture, the mechanics of the instrument, etc. -
Chick Corea Bio 2015 Chick Corea Has Attained Iconic Status in Music
Chick Corea Bio 2015 Chick Corea has attained iconic status in music. The keyboardist, composer and bandleader is a DownBeat Hall of Famer and NEA Jazz Master, as well as the fourth- most nominated artist in Grammy Awards history with 63 nods – and 22 wins, in addition to a number of Latin Grammys. From straight-ahead to avant-garde, bebop to jazz-rock fusion, children’s songs to chamber and symphonic works, Chick has touched an astonishing number of musical bases in his career since playing with the genre-shattering bands of Miles Davis in the late ’60s and early ’70s. Yet Chick has never been more productive than in the 21st century, whether playing acoustic piano or electric keyboards, leading multiple bands, performing solo or collaborating with a who’s who of music. Underscoring this, he has been named Artist of the Year twice this decade in the DownBeat Readers Poll. Born in 1941 in Massachusetts, Chick remains a tireless creative spirit, continually reinventing himself through his art. As The New York Times has said, he is “a luminary, ebullient and eternally youthful.” Chick’s classic albums as a leader or co-leader include Now He Sings, Now He Sobs (with Miroslav Vitous and Roy Haynes; Blue Note, 1968), Paris Concert (with Circle: Anthony Braxton, Dave Holland and Barry Altschul; ECM, 1971) and Return to Forever (with Return to Forever: Joe Farrell, Stanley Clarke, Airto Moreria and Flora Purim; ECM, 1972), as well as Crystal Silence(with Gary Burton; ECM, 1973), My Spanish Heart (Polydor/Verve, 1976), Remembering Bud Powell (Stretch, 1997) and Further Explorations (with Eddie Gomez and Paul Motian; Concord, 2012). -
Discografía De BLUE NOTE Records Colección Particular De Juan Claudio Cifuentes
CifuJazz Discografía de BLUE NOTE Records Colección particular de Juan Claudio Cifuentes Introducción Sin duda uno de los sellos verdaderamente históricos del jazz, Blue Note nació en 1939 de la mano de Alfred Lion y Max Margulis. El primero era un alemán que se había aficionado al jazz en su país y que, una vez establecido en Nueva York en el 37, no tardaría mucho en empezar a grabar a músicos de boogie woogie como Meade Lux Lewis y Albert Ammons. Su socio, Margulis, era un escritor de ideología comunista. Los primeros testimonios del sello van en la dirección del jazz tradicional, por entonces a las puertas de un inesperado revival en plena era del swing. Una sentida versión de Sidney Bechet del clásico Summertime fue el primer gran éxito de la nueva compañía. Blue Note solía organizar sus sesiones de grabación de madrugada, una vez terminados los bolos nocturnos de los músicos, y pronto se hizo popular por su respeto y buen trato a los artistas, que a menudo podían involucrarse en tareas de producción. Otro emigrante aleman, el fotógrafo Francis Wolff, llegaría para unirse al proyecto de su amigo Lion, creando un tandem particulamente memorable. Sus imágenes, unidas al personal diseño del artista gráfico Reid Miles, constituyeron la base de las extraordinarias portadas de Blue Note, verdadera seña de identidad estética de la compañía en las décadas siguientes mil veces imitada. Después de la Guerra, Blue Note iniciaría un giro en su producción musical hacia los nuevos sonidos del bebop. En el 47 uno de los jóvenes representantes del nuevo estilo, el pianista Thelonious Monk, grabó sus primeras sesiones Blue Note, que fue también la primera compañía del batería Art Blakey.