Illicit Drug Toxicity Deaths in B.C. (To June 30, 2021)
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Illicit Drug Toxicity Deaths in BC January 1, 2011 – July 31, 2021 This report summarizes all unintentional illicit drug toxicity deaths in British Columbia (accidental and undetermined) that occurred between January 1, 2011, and July 31, 2021, inclusive. It includes confirmed and suspected illicit toxicity deaths (inclusion criteria below). Please note that data is subject to change as investigations are concluded.1https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/life- events/death/coroners-service/statistical-reports Inclusion Criteria: The illicit drug toxicity category includes the following: • Street drugs (Controlled and illegal drugs: heroin, cocaine, MDMA, methamphetamine, illicit fentanyl etc.). • Medications not prescribed to the decedent but obtained/purchased on the street, from unknown means or where origin of drug not known. • Combinations of the above with prescribed medications. Note: 2021 data is up to the month of July. Due to the short time frame, rates, numbers, and percentages should be interpreted with caution and are subject to change as investigations are completed. 2021 Summary • In July 2021, there were 184 suspected illicit drug toxicity deaths. This is the second largest number of suspected deaths ever recorded in a month (tied with January 2021); only June 2020 had more deaths (186). • The 1,204 suspected illicit drug toxicity deaths between January and July 2021 are the highest ever recorded in the first seven months of a calendar year and represent a 28% increase over the number of deaths recorded between January and July 2020 (941). • The number of illicit drug toxicity deaths in July 2021 equates to about 5.9 deaths per day. • In 2021, 72% of those dying were aged 30 to 59. Males accounted for 79% of deaths in 2021. • The townships experiencing the highest number of illicit drug toxicity deaths in 2021 are Vancouver, Surrey, and Victoria. • By Health Authority (HA), in 2021, the highest number of illicit drug toxicity deaths were in Fraser and Vancouver Coastal Health Authorities (401 and 337 deaths, respectively), making up 61% of all such deaths during this period. • By Health Authority (HA), in 2021, the highest rates were in Vancouver Coastal Health (47 deaths per 100,000 individuals) and Northern Health (46 per 100,000). Overall, the rate in BC is 40 deaths per 100,000 individuals in 2021. Ministry of Public Safety & Solicitor General Posting Date September 29, 2021 Page 1 of 26 BC Coroners Service Illicit Drug Toxicity Deaths in BC January 1, 2011 to July 31, 2021 • By Health Service Delivery Area (HSDA), in 2021, the highest rates were in Vancouver, Thompson Cariboo, Northwest, North Vancouver Island, and Fraser East. • By Local Health Area (LHA), in 2021, the highest rates were in Merritt, Powell River, Enderby, Peace River South, and Hope. Note: LHA rates will be updated every four months. • In 2021, 84% of illicit drug toxicity deaths occurred inside (55% in private residences and 29% in other residences including social and supportive housing, SROs, shelters, and hotels and other indoor locations) and 15% occurred outside in vehicles, sidewalks, streets, parks, etc. • In Vancouver Coastal, other residences (48%) were the most common place of illicit drug toxicity deaths followed by private residences (35%) between 2018 and 2021 (see Table 3, Page 5). • No deaths have been reported at supervised consumption or drug overdose prevention sites.2 Trends • Male illicit drug toxicity death rates have remained at a high rate, while female rates have remained relatively stable (see Figure 4, Page 8). • Illicit drug toxicity death rates among 19+ years have remained high, while rates among 0- 18 years remain stable (see Figure 6, Page 10). • The proportion of deaths that are 50+ years of age has steadily increased year after year for the past 6 years. In 2021, 39% of deaths were 50 years or over (see Figure 5, Page 9). • Illicit drug toxicity death rates for all health authority rates remain high (see Figure 7, Page 13). Posting Date September 29, 2021 Page 2 of 26 BC Coroners Service Illicit Drug Toxicity Deaths in BC January 1, 2011 to July 31, 2021 Figure 1: Illicit Drug Toxicity Deaths and Death Rate per 100,000 Population [3,5] 2000 45 1800 40 1600 35 1400 30 1200 25 1000 Deaths 20 800 15 600 Death Death Rate per 100,000Pop. 10 400 200 5 0 0 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '19 '20 '21 Deaths 217 301 300 400 272 236 236 172 190 183 230 229 202 183 201 211 295 270 334 369 529 992 14921548 983 17341204 Rate 5.7 7.8 7.6 10.0 6.8 5.8 5.8 4.2 4.6 4.4 5.5 5.4 4.7 4.2 4.6 4.7 6.6 5.9 7.2 7.8 11.1 20.4 30.3 31.0 19.4 33.7 39.7 Posting Date September 29, 2021 Page 3 of 26 BC Coroners Service Illicit Drug Toxicity Deaths in BC January 1, 2011 to July 31, 2021 Table 1: Illicit Drug Toxicity Deaths by Month, British Columbia, 2011-2021[3] Month 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Jan 24 20 20 23 43 85 147 134 94 80 184 Feb 24 17 21 38 31 58 124 108 85 76 166 Mar 25 25 33 28 32 76 130 158 117 116 165 Apr 27 31 31 29 34 72 154 135 82 124 175 May 22 19 28 40 41 51 149 118 88 177 167 Jun 22 25 25 29 34 71 128 116 74 186 163 Jul 33 29 39 25 40 74 122 147 73 182 184 Subtotal 177 166 197 212 255 487 954 916 613 941 1,204 Aug 22 20 21 37 53 65 127 123 84 160 - Sep 22 16 28 32 50 63 97 136 62 138 - Oct 23 19 19 35 53 76 98 118 79 174 - Nov 27 28 31 28 52 140 112 131 82 163 - Dec 24 21 38 25 66 161 104 124 63 158 - Total 295 270 334 369 529 992 1,492 1,548 983 1,734 1,204 Average 24.6 22.5 27.8 30.8 44.1 82.7 124.3 129.0 81.9 144.5 172.0 Comparison to Other Common Causes of Unnatural Deaths from 2010 to 2020: Figure 2: Major Causes of Unnatural Deaths in BC 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 Deaths 800 600 400 200 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Illicit Drug Suicide Motor vehicle incident Homicide Prescription Drug *Data is preliminary and subject to change. Prescription drug toxicity deaths (accidental and undetermined) include cases where only a prescription drug is involved and reported for closed investigations only to 2019. Posting Date September 29, 2021 Page 4 of 26 BC Coroners Service Illicit Drug Toxicity Deaths in BC January 1, 2011 to July 31, 2021 BC Data by Place of Injury Table 2: Illicit Drug Toxicity Deaths by Place of Injury, BC, 2018-2021[3] 2018 2019 2020 2021 Inside: Private Residence 923 (59.6%) 567 (57.7%) 978 (56.4%) 663 (55.1%) Other Residence 372 (24.0%) 259 (26.4%) 456 (26.3%) 316 (26.3%) Correctional facility/police cell 5 (0.3%) 4 (0.4%) 5 (0.3%) 4 (0.3%) Medical facility 5 (0.3%) 5 (0.5%) 5 (0.3%) 7 (0.6%) Occupational site 6 (0.4%) 5 (0.5%) 5 (0.3%) 5 (0.4%) Public building Public washroom 23 (1.5%) 11 (1.1%) 6 (0.4%) 5 (0.4%) Other area of building 17 (1.1%) 7 (0.7%) 15 (0.9%) 12 (1.0%) Outside 187 (12.1%) 117 (11.9%) 244 (14.1%) 178 (14.8%) Unknown 10 (0.7%) 8 (0.8%) 20 (1.2%) 14 (1.2%) Total 1,548 983 1,734 1,204 Table 3: Illicit Drug Toxicity Deaths by Place of Injury and Health Authority, BC, 2018-2021[3] Vancouver Vancouver Interior Fraser Northern Coastal Island Inside: Private Residence 555 (65.1%) 1,282 (70.3%) 541 (35.0%) 508 (58.3%) 245 (65.3%) Other Residence 167 (19.6%) 220 (12.1%) 738 (47.7%) 210 (24.1%) 68 (18.1%) Other Inside 28 (3.3%) 68 (3.7%) 35 (2.3%) 16 (1.8%) 10 (2.7%) Outside 96 (11.3%) 234 (12.8%) 218 (14.1%) 129 (14.8%) 49 (13.1%) Unknown 6 (0.7%) 19 (1.0%) 15 (1.0%) 9 (1.0%) 3 (0.8%) Total 852 1,823 1,547 872 375 Private Residence – includes driveways garages, trailer homes and either decedent’s own or another’s residence. Other Residence – includes hotels, motels, rooming houses, SRO (single room occupancy, shelters, social/supportive housing etc.) Medical facility – includes hospitals, community care facilities, etc Occupational site – includes locations where the decedent was at their place of work. Public buildings – includes restaurants, community centres, businesses, clinics, etc. Outside – includes vehicles, streets, sidewalks, parking lots, public parks, wooded areas, and campgrounds Posting Date September 29, 2021 Page 5 of 26 BC Coroners Service Illicit Drug Toxicity Deaths in BC January 1, 2011 to July 31, 2021 BC Data by Drugs Involved: • Preliminary data suggests that the proportion of illicit drug toxicity deaths for which illicit fentanyl was detected (alone or in combination with other drugs) was approximately 86% in 2021 and 86% in 2020. 2021 data will change as further toxicology results are received.