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SUGGESTED READINGS HISTORY OF INTELLIGENCE AND HISTORY OF CIA

This list of suggested readings was compiled by CIA's History Staff. It does not pretend to be comprehensive, but contains a sampling ofthose books and journal articles that History Staff thinks best cover the subject. "Best" is subjective; some books appear ·because they are the only ones on the subject. ·

Bibliographies

Blackstock, Paul W., and FrankL. Schaf, Jr. Intelligence, , Counterespionage and Covert Operations: A Guide to Information Sources . Detroit, MI: Gale, 1978.

Calder, James D., comp. Intelligence, Espionage, and Related Topics: An Annotated Bibliography ofSerial Journal and Magazine Scholarship, 1844-1998 . Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999.

Cline, Marjorie W., Carla E. Christiansen, and Judith M. Fontaine. Scholar's Guide . to Intelligence Literature: Bibliography ofthe Russell J. Bowen Collection . Frederick, MD: University Publications of America, 1983. Bibliography of the collection at Georgetown University.

Constantinides, George C. Intelligence and Espionage: An Annotated Bibliography . Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1983.

Lowenthal, Mark M. The US Intelligence Community: An Annotated Bibliography : Garland Publishing, 1994.

Peake, Hayden B. The Reader's Guide to Intelligence Periodicals. Washington, D.C.: NIBC Press, 1992.

Peterson, Neal H. American Intelligence, 1775-1990: A Bibliographical Guide Claremont, CA: Regina Books, 1992.

Pforzheimer, Walter, ed. Bibliography ofIntelligence Literature: A Critical and Annotated Bibliography of Open Source Intelligence Literature . 8th ed. Washington, DC: Defense Intelligence College, 1985.

Princk, Dan C., et al. Stalking the History of the Office ofStrategic Services: An OSS Bibliography. Boston: OSS/Donovan Press, 2000.

Sexton, Donal J. Signals Intelligence in World War II Westport CT: Greenwood

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Press, 1996.

Smith, Myron J. The Secret Wars: A Guide to Sources in English . Vol. I: Intelligence, Propaganda and Psychological Warfare, Resistance Movements, and Secret Operations; Vol. II: Intelligence, Propaganda and Psychological Warfare, Covert Operations,. 1945-1980; Vol. III: International Terrorism, 1968-80. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio, 1980-81.

Document Collections

Benson, Robert Louis and Michael Warner, eds. VENONA: Soviet Espionage and the American Response, 1939-1957. Washington, DC: and Central Intelligence Agency, 1996.

Fischer, Ben B., ed. At 's End: US Intelligence on the and Eastern Europe, 1989-1991. Washington, D.C.: CIA History Staff, Center for the Study oflntelligence, 1999.

Johnson, Loch K., editor. The Central Intelligence Agency: History and Documents. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989 .

.Koch, Scott. Selected Estimates on the Soviet Union, 1950-1959 . Washington, DC: CIA History Staff, Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1993.

Kuhns, Woodrow J., ed. Assessing the Soviet Threat: The Early Cold War Years. Washington, b.C.: CIA History Staff, Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1997.

Leary, William M., editor. The Central Intelligence Agency: History and Documents Tuscaloosa, AL: University ofAlabama Press, 1984.

McAuliffe, MaryS. CIA Documents on the Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962. Washington, D.C.: CIA History Staff, Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1992.

Steury, Donald P ., ed. Intentions and Capabilities: Estimates on Soviet Strategic Forces, 1950-1983. Washington, D.C.: CIA History Staff, Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1996.

. On the Front Lines of the Cold War: Documents on the Intelligence War in Berlin, 1946-1961. Washington, D.C.: Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1998.

Warner, MichaelS., ed. Central Intelligence: Origin and Evolution . Washington, DC: CIA History Staff, Center for the Study of Intelligence, 2001.

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Encyclopedias

Carl, Leo D. The CIA Insider's Dictionary of US and Foreign Intelligence, & . Washington, DC: NIBC Press, 1996.

Mahoney, Harry Thayer and Marjorie Locke Mahoney. Biographical Dictionary of Espionage. London: San Francisco: Austin and Winfield, 1998.

Minnick, Wendell L. Spies and Provocateurs: A World-wide Encyclopedia of Persons Conducting Espionage and Covert Action, 1946-1991 . Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1992.

Nash, Jay Robert. Spies: A Narrative Encyclopedia ofDirty Deeds & Double Dealing from Biblical Times to Today. New York: M. Evans and Company, 1997. Somewhat sensational and many factual errors require cautious use. However, there are some entries and topics unique to this volume.

Newton, David E. Encyclopedia of Cryptology . Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio Press, 1997.

O'Toole, G.J.A. The Encyclopedia ofAmerican Intelligence and Espionage. New York: Facts on File, 1988. An indispensable reference work.

Palmar, Norman and Thomas B. Allen. Spy Book: The Encyclopedia ofEspionage . New York: , 1997. Also indispensable.

Smith, W. Thomas. Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency. New York: Checkmark Books, 2003.

-watson, Bruce W. Intelligence: An Encyclopedia . New York: Garland Publishers, 1990.

Historiography Cram, Cleveland C. OfMoles and Molehunters: A Review of Counterintelligence Literature, 1977-92. Washington: Center for the Study ofintelligence, 1992.

Ferris, John. "Coming in from the Cold War: The Historiography of American Intelligence, 1945-1990." Diplomatic History, 19:4 (Winter 1995), 87-115. Essay reviewing the major books on American intelligence history and the schools of thought they represent.

Petersen, Neal H. "Intelligence Literature of the Cold War," Studies in Intelligence,

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32:4 (Winter 1988), 63-72.

Overviews of the Philosophy and Practice of Intelligence

Dulles, Allen. The Craft ofIntelligence. New York: Harper and Row, 1963.

Felix, Christopher (pseud.). A Short Course in the Secret War . Lanham, MD: Madison Books, 1992. Revised version of classic tradecraft manual/memoir by James McCargar, an Army CIC officer after World War II.

Ford, Harold P. Estimative Intelligence. The Purposes and Problems ofNational Intelligence Estimating. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1993.

Gannon, James. Stealing Secrets, Telling Lies: How Spies and Codebreakers Helped Shape the Twentieth Century. Washington, DC: Brassey's, 2001.

Holt, Pat M. Secret Intelligence and Public Policy:· A Dilemma ofDemocracy Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1995.

Kahn, David. "An Historical Theory of Intelligence," Intelligence and National Security, 16:3 (Autumn 2001), 79-92.

Kendall, Willmore. "The Functions of Intelligence," World Politics, 1 (July 1949), 540-552. Takes the view opposite of Sherman Kent's.

Kent, Sherman. Strategic Intelligence for American World Policy : Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1949, 1966. The seminal work by the future chairman of CIA's Board ofNational Estimates.

Laqueur, Walter. A World ofSecrets: The Uses and Limits ofIntelligence . New York: Basic Books, 1985.

Lloyd, Mark. The Guinness Book ofEspionage. New York: Da Capo Press, 1994.

Lowenthal, Mark M. Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy . Washington: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1999 .

. Owen, David. Hidden Secrets: A Complete History ofEspionage and the Technology Used to Support It. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books, 2002.

Powers, Thomas. Intelligence Wars: American Secret History from Hitler to Al-Qaeda. New York: New York Review of Books Press, 2003. A collection ofthe author's always incisive book reviews and essays.

Shulsky, Abram N. Silent Warfare: Understanding the World ofIntelligence

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Washington, DC: Brassey's 1991

Steury, Donald P., ed. Sherman Kent and the Board ofNational Estimates. Washington, DC: CIA History Staff, 1994. A collection of Kent's writings with an introductory essay by a historian on CIA's History Staff.

Warner, Michael. "Wanted: A Definition of 'Intelligence'," Studies in Intelligence, 46:3 (2002), pp. 15-22.

Ancient, Medieval and Early Modern Topics

Austin, N.J.E.; and N.B. Rankov. Exploratio: Military and Political Intelligence in the Roman World from the Second Punic War to the Battle ofAdrianople. London: Routledge, 199 5.

Backscheider, Paula R. "Daniel Defoe and Early Modem Intelligence." Intelligence and National Security, 11 (January 1966), 1-21.

Douglas, Hugh. Jacobite Spy Wars: Moles, Rogues, and Treachery . New York: Sutton Publishing, 2000. The "black arts" as practiced in 17th century England.

Dvomik, Francis. Origins ofIntelligence Services: The Ancient Near East, Persia, Greece, , Byzantium, the Arab Muslim Empires, the Mongol Empire, China, Muscovy. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1974.

Fritz, Paul. The English Ministers and Jacobitism Between the Rebellions of 1715 and 1745. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1975. Reconstruction of espionage in high places.

Haynes, Alan. Invisible Power: The Elizabethan Secret Services, 1570-1603. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992.

Maffeo, Steven E. Most Secret and Confidential: Intelligence in the Age ofNelson Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2000.

Marshall, Alan. Intelligence and Espionage in the Reign of Charles IL 1660-1685 London: Cmnbridge University Press, 1994.

Nicholl, Charles. The Reckoning: The Murder of Christopher Marlowe. London: Jonathan Cape, 1992.

Plowden, Alison. The Elizabethan Secret Service. London: Harvester/Wheatsheaf, 1991.

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Sheldon, Rose Mary. "Hannibal's Spies." International Journal ofIntelligence and Counterintelligence, 1 (Fall1986), 53-70.

______. "The Ancient Imperative: Clandestine Operations and Covert Action." International Journal ofIntelligence and Counterintelligence , 10 (Fal11997), 299-316.

______. "Tradecraft in Ancient Greece." International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, 2 (Summer 1988), 189-202.

Trivedi, S.D. Secret Services in Ancient India: Techniques and Operation. New Dehli: Allied, 1984.

American Intelligence Before World War II

Angevine, Robert G. "Gentlemen Do Read Each Other's Mail: American Intelligence in the Interwar Era." Intelligence and National Security , 7 (April1992), 1-29.

Auger, Helen. The Secret War ofIndependence. New York: Duell, Sloan & Pierce, 1955.

Bakeless, Jolm. Turncoats, Traitors, and Heroes. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1959.

Bidwell, Bruce W. History of the Military Intelligence Division Department ofthe Army General Staff: 1775-1941. Frederick, MD: University Publications of America, 1986. Seminal work on the history ofMID. Originally classified.

Feis, William B. Grant's Secret Service: The Intelligence War from Belmont to Appomattox. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2002.

Fishel, Edwin C. The Secret War for the Union: The Untold Story ofMilitary Intelligence in the Civil War. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1996. Scholarly book, many years in the writing, based on "undiscovered" trove of Army of the Potomac documents found in a comer of the National Archives.

Knott, Stephen F. Secret and Sanctioned: Covert Operations and the American Presidency. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Important book showing that the office of the President has relied on covert action from Washington's time. Knott argues that executive control of covert action broke down in the aftermath of Watergate and the Congress's struggle to rein in the "imperial" presidency.

Landau, Henry. The Enemy Within: The Inside Story of German Sabotage in

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America. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1937. The most comprehensive account of German sabotage efforts in America during World War I; includes a good discussion of British codebreaking efforts.

Mahnken, Thomas G. Uncovering Ways of War: US. Intelligence and Foreign Military Innovation, 1918-1941. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2002. Undercuts the conventional wisdom that American intelligence between the world wars was hobbled by resource cuts and accomplished little.

Miller, Nathan. Spying for America: The Hidden History of US. Intelligence Revised edition. New York: Marlowe, 1997. A readable and generally reliable survey.

Milton, David Hepburn. Lincoln 's Spymaster: Thomas Haines Dudley and the Liverpool Network. Mechanicsburg, P A: Stackpole Books, 2003. Details the political influence and propaganda efforts of Americans in the UK during the Civil War.

O'Toole, G.J.A. "Benjamin Franklin: American Spymaster or British ?" 3 International Journal ofIntelligence and Counterintelligence 45-54 (Spring 1989).

______. "Our Man in Havana: The Paper Trail of Some Spanish War Spies." Intelligence Quarterly 2 (July 1986). O'Toole uncovered an American coup-a vital spy in the Havana Western Union office who notified the US Government of Spanish military plans.

Rintelen, Franz von. The Dark Invader: Wartime Reminiscences ofa German Naval Intelligence Officer. London: Lovat Dickson, 1933. Rintelen enjoyed a briefbut spectacular career as a spy, saboteur, and provocateur in in 1915.

Sayle, Edward F. "The Historical Underpinnings of the US Intelligence Community." International Journal ofIntelligence and Counterintelligence , 1 (Spring 1986), 1-27.

Steers, Edward, Jr. Blood on the Moon: The Assassination ofAbraham Lincoln Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2001. Puts the assassination ofLincoln in the context of Confederate covert action operations.

Tidwell, William A. April '65: Confederate Covert Action in the American Civil War. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1995.

______. Come Retribution: the Confederate Secret Service and the Assassination ofLincoln. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 1988.

Van Doren, Carl. Secret History ofthe American Revolution. New York: Viking, 1941.

Warner, Michael, "The Kaiser Sows Destruction," Studies in Intelligence, 46:1

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(2002), pp. 3-10.

Witcover, Jules. Sabotage at Black Tom: Imperial Germany's Secret War in America, 1914-1917. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 1989. A good history of German sabotage in World War I, adding perspective to Landau's 1937 account.

Wohlstetter, Roberta. Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1962. Although the book was published many years ago, it still defines the debate over the intelligence failure ofPearl Harbor. Wohlstetter argues that the signals were there, but were masked by "noise"-a surfeit of irrelevant information.

Wriston, Henry Merritt. Executive Agents in American Foreign Relations. Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith, 1967. Discussion of covert action on behalf of the President since the early days of the republic.

Cryptology

Alvarez, David. Secret Messages: Codebreaking and American Diplomacy, 1930-1945. Lawrence: University Press ofKansas, 2000.

_____. "American Signals Intelligence in the Early Cold War," Intelligence and National Security, 14 (Summer 1999).

Budiansky, Stephen. Battle of Wits: The Complete Story ofCodebreaking in World War II. New York: Free Press, 2000.

Clark, Ronald William. The Man Who Broke Purple: A Life ofthe World's Greatest Cryptographer, Colonel William F. Friedman. Boston: Little, Brown, 1977.

Drea, Edward J. MacArthur's Ultra: Codebreaking and the War against , 1942-1945. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1992.

Gardner, W.J.R. Decoding History: The Battle of the Atlantic and ULTRA Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1999.

Kahn, David. The Codebreakers The Story of Secret Writing. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1967. Essential work on the history of cryptology.

. Seizing the ENIGMA: The Race to Break the German U-boat Codes, 1939-1943. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1991.

____. "Soviet COMINT in the Cold War," Cryptologia, 22 (January 1998), 1-24.

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Kozaczuk, Wladyslaw. ENIGMA: How the German Machine Cypher Was Broken and How It Was Read by the Allies in World War Two. Lanham MD: University Publications of America, 1984. The little-known story of the vital role played by Poland in breaking the German ENIGMA cipher.

Krebs, Gerhard. "Signal Intelligence in the Pacific War," Journal ofIntelligence History, vol. 1, no. 2 (Winter 2001), pp. 149-68.

Kuppenhahn, Rudolf. Code Breaking: A History and Exploration . New York: Overlook Press, 1999.

Lewin, Ronald. American Magic: Codes, Ciphers, and the Defeat ofJapan . New York: Farrar, Straus Giroux, 1982.

Parrish, Thmnas. The ULTRA Americans: The US Role in Breaking the Nazi Codes. New York: Stein and Day, 1986.

Prados, John. Combined Fleet Decoded: The Secret History ofAmerican Intelligence and the Japanese Navy in World War II. New York: Random House, 1995.

Singh, Simon. The Code Book: The Evolution ofSecrecy from Mary, Queen of Scotts to Quantum Cryptography. New York: Doubleday, 1999.

Urban, Mark. The Man Who Broke Napoleon's Codes . New York: HarperCollins, 2002. The story of a little-known amateur cryptanalyst who helped the Duke of Wellington fight the French during the Peninsular War in Spain.

Weber, Ralph Edward. Masked Dispatches: Cryptograms and Cryptology in American History, 1777-1900. Fort Meade, MD: NSA, 1995.

Yardley, Herbert 0. The American Black Chamber. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1931. Memoirs of one of America's best cryptanalysts. Ran the "Black Chamber" before Secretary of State Henry Stimson closed it.

World War II

Aldrich, Richard J. Intelligence and the War Against Japan: Britain, America, and the Politics ofSecret Service. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Babington-Smith, Constance. Air Spy: The Story ofPhoto Intelligence in World War II. New York: Harper & Bros., 1957. The inside story of the Anglo-American strategic reconnaissance effort over Germany, illustrating the scope of German deceptions and the consequent challenges faced by Allied intelligence officers.

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Bank, Aaron. From OSS to Green Berets: The Birth ofSpecial Forces. Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1986.

Bath, Alan H. Tracking the Axis Enemy: The Triumph ofAnglo-American Naval Intelligence. Lawrence KS: University Press of Kansas, 1998.

Behrendt, Hans-Otto. Rommel's Intelligence in the Desert Campaign, 1941-1943. London: W. Kimber, 1985.

Bennett, Ralph F. ULTRA and Mediterranean Strategy.New York: Morrow, 1989.

. ULTRA in the West: The Normandy Campaign, 1944-45. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1979.

Benson, Robert Louis. "A History of US Communications Intelligence during World War II: Policy and Administration," Series IV (World War II), Volume 8. Ft. Meade, MD: National Security Agency Center for Cryptologic History, 1997.

Braden, Thomas and Alsop, Stewart. Sub Rosa: The OSS and American Espionage . New York: Reynal and Hitchcock, 1946.

Breuer, William B. MacArthur's Undercover War: Spies, Saboteurs, Guerrillas, and Secret Missions. New York: Wiley and Sons, 1995.

Casey, William J. The Secret War against Hitler. Washington: Regnery Gateway, 1988.

Chalou, George C., editor. The Secrets War: The Office ofStrategic Services in World War II Washington: National Archives and Records Administration, 1991.

Corvo, Max. The OSS in Italy, 1942-1945. New York: Praeger, 1990.

Dulles, Allen. The Secret Surrender. New York: Harper and Row, 1966.

Farago, Ladislas. The Game of the Foxes: the Untold Story of German Espionage in the United States and Great Britain During World War II New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1971.

Ford, Corey. Donovan ofOSS. Boston: Little, Brown, 1970.

Gardner, W.J.R. The Battle of the Atlantic and ULTRA . Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1999.

Haines, Gerald K. " Hall Goillot: Career Intelligence Officer," Prologue, 26 (Winter 1994).

Heideking, Jurgen and Christo[ Mauch, eds. American Intelligence and the German

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Resistance to Hitler: A Documentary History. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996.

Hesketh, Roger. Fortitude: The D-Day Deception Campaign . Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 2000.

Hilton, Stanley E. Hitler's Secret War in South America: German Military Espionage and Allied Counterespionage in Brazil . Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981.

Jakub, Jay. Spies and Saboteurs: Anglo-American Collaboration and Rivalry in Human Intelligence Collection and Special Operations, 1940-45 . New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999.

Jones, R.V. The Wizard War: British Scientific Intelligence, 1939-1945. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1978.

Kahn, David. "Intelligence in World War II: A Survey," Journal ofIntelligence History, 1:1 (Summer 2001), 1-20.

Katz, Barry M. Foreign Intelligence: Research and Analysis in the Office of Strategic Services 1942-1945. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989. Excellent history of the creation of OSS 's Research and Analysis Branch. Scholarly and concise.

Kreis, John F. Piercing the Fog: Intelligence and Army Air Forces in World War II. Washington, DC: Air Force History and Museums Program, 1996.

· Laurie, Clayton D. The Propaganda Warriors: America's Crusade against Nazi Germany. Lawrence: University Press ofKansas, 1996.

Lindsay, Franklin A. Beacons in the Night: With the OSS and Tito 's Partisans in Wartime Yugoslavia. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995.

MacEachin, Douglas J. The Final Months of the War with Japan: Signals Intelligence, US Invasion Planning, and the A-Bomb Decision. Washington, DC: Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1998.

Mcintosh, Elizabeth P. Sisterhood ofSpies: The Women ofthe OSS . Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1998.

Melchior, lb. Case by Case: A US. Counterintelligence Agent in World War II Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1993.

Milano, Jmnes V. and Brogan, Patrick. Soldiers, Spies, and the Rat Line: · America's Undeclared War against the Soviets. Washington, DC: Brassey's, 1995.

Miller, Russell. Behind the Lines: The Oral History ofSpecial Operations in World

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War II. Recollections of OSS and SOB operat_ives in Europe and Asia.

Nesbit, Roy Conyers. Eyes of the RAF: A History ofPhoto-Reconnaissance . Far Thrupp: Stroud, Goucestershire, 1996.

Persico, Joseph E. Piercing the Reich: The Penetration ofNazi Germany by American Secret Agents During World War II New York: Viking Press, 1979.

_____. Roosevelt's Secret War: FDR and World War II Espionage . New York: Random House, 2001.

Peterson, Neal H., ed. From Hitler's Doorstep: The Wartime Intelligence Reports of Allen Dulles, 1942-1945. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996. Collection of reports from Dulles while he ran the Bern, Switzerland station for the OSS in World War II.

Pujol, Juan and Nigel West. Operation GARBO: The Personal Story ofthe Most Successful of World War II. New York: Random House, 1985.

Roosevelt, Kermit. War Report ofthe OSS (Office ofStrategic Services). In two volumes. New York: Walker and Company, 1976.

Secrets of the Century: World War II: War in the Shadows . Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 2000.

Smith, Bradley F. The Shadow Warriors: OSS and the Origins ofthe CIA . New York: Basic Books, 1983.

Smith, Richard Harris, OSS: The Secret History ofAmerica 's First Central Intelligence Agency. Berkeley, CA: University of California, 1972.

Stafford, David. Camp X. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986. About the secret US-UK training camp in .

Roosevelt and Churchill: Men ofSecrets . Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 2000.

Steury, Donald P. The Intelligence War. New York: Friedman/Fairfax, 2000.

Waller, Jolm H. The Unseen War In Europe: Espionage and in the Second World War. New York: Random House, 1996.

World War II: The Secret War. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1999.

W amer, Michael. The Office ofStrategic Services: America 's First Intelligence Agency. Washington, DC: CIA, 2000.

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Wires, Richard. The Cicero Spy Affair: German Access to British Secrets in World War II. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1999.

Yu, Maochun. OSS in China: Prelude to Cold War. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996.

From OSS to CIA

Darling, Arthur B. The Central Intelligence Agency: An Instrument of Government, to 1950. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1990.

Montagu, Ludwell Lee. General Walter Bedell Smith as Director of Central Intelligence, October 1950-February 1953. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992.

Rudgers, David F. Creating the Secret State: The Origins ofthe Central Intelligence Agency, 1943-1947. Lawrence, KS: University Press ofKansas, 2000.

Troy, Thomas F. Donovan and the CIA: A History ofthe Establishment ofthe Central Intelligence Agency. Frederick, MD: University Publications of America, 1981.

Troy, Thmnas F. Wild Bill and Intrepid: Donovan, Stephenson, and the Origin of CIA. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996.

US Department of State. Foreign Relations ofthe United States, 1945-1950: Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1996.

Warner, Michael, ed. The CIA under Harry Truman. Washington, D.C.: History Staff, Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1994.

_____. "The Creation of the Central Intelligence Group," Studies in Intelligence, 39 (1996).

Anti- in America and the Soviet Spy Rings of the 1940s and 1950s

Although not necessarily involving CIA, these books are important for understanding a critical period in A.lnerican history. The House Un-A.lnerican Activities Committee investigation of , a high-ranking State Department employee whom former Communist said was a Communist, set the tone for American politics for years.

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Albright, Joseph and Marcia Kunstel Albright. Bombshell: The Secret Story of America's Unknown Atomic Spy Conspiracy . New York: New York Times Books, 1997.

Benson, Robert Louis and Michael Warner. "VENONA and Beyond: Thoughts on Work Undone," Intelligence and National Security, 12 (July 1997).

Chambers, Whittaker. Witness. Chicago: Regnery, 1952. Memoirs of a former Communist who broke with the party and stepped forward in 1939 to claim that the Soviets had espionage rings in the federal government.

Feklisov, Alexander and Sergei Kostin. The Man Behind the Rosenbergs . Enigma Books, 2002. The Soviet side of the Rosenberg story from the spies' KGB handler.

Haynes, John E. Red Scare or Red Menace? American Communism and Anticommunism in the Cold War Era. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1996.

Haynes, John Earl and . VENONA: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America. New Haven CT: Yale University Press, 1999.

Kern, Gary. A Death in Washington: Walter G. Krivitsky and the Stalin Terror New York: Enigma Books, 2003.

KlelTI, Harvey; and Kyrill M. Anderson. The Soviet World of American Communism. New Haven CT: Yale University Press, 1998.

Klehr, Harvey; John Earl Haynes and Fridrikh Igorevich Firsov. The Secret World of American Communism. New Haven CT: Yale University Press, 1995.

Klehr, Harvey and Ronald Radosh. The Amerasia Spy Case: Prelude to McCarthyism. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1996. Excellent account of a little-known but important case.

Olmsted, Kathryn S. Red Spy Queen: A Biography ofElizabeth Bentley . Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2002. Fair-minded treatment of an American who worked for the KGB and then defected, becoming one of the early Cold War's "celebrity spies."

Powers, Richard Gid. Not Without Honor: The History ofAmerican Anticommunism New York: Free Press, 1995. Critical intellectual history.

Radosh, Ronald and Joyce Milton. The Rosenberg File: A Search for the Truth New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1983. Concludes that Julius Rosenberg was guilty as charged of stealing US atomic secrets for the Soviets, and that Ethel was an accessory.

Roberts, Sam. The Brother: The Untold Story ofAtomic Spy and

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How He Sent His Sister, Ethel Rosenberg, to the Electric Chair . New York: Random House, 2001.

Romerstein, Herbert and Eric Breindel. The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America's Traitors. Washington: Regnery, 2000.

Schecter, Jerrold and Leona. Sacred Secrets: How Soviet Intelligence Operations Changed American History. Washington, DC: Brassey's, 2002.

Sibley, Katherine A.S. "Soviet Industrial Espionage against American Military Technology and the US Response, 1930-1945," Intelligence and National Security , 14 (Summer 1999.

Tanenhaus, Sam. Whittaker Chambers: A Biography. New York: Random House, 1997. Excellent biography of Chambers written by a historian with full access to the Chambers papers.

Weinstein, Allen. Perjury: The Hiss-Chambers Case. New York: Random House, 1997. This is a reprint of the original1978 edition, rewritten to include the latest VENONA releases. Concludes that Hiss was guilty of committing espionage for the Soviets.

and . The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in America-The Stalin Era. New York: Random House, 1999.

West, Nigel. Venona: The Greatest Secret ofthe Cold War . London: HarperCollins, 1999.

Williams, Robert C. , Atom Spy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987.

Cold War Intelligence, General

Aldrich, Richard J. The Hidden Hand: Britain, America and Cold War Secret Intelligence. London: John Murray, 2001.

Alnbrose, Stephen E. Ike's Spies: Eisenhower and the Espionage Establishment Garden City, NJ: Doubleday, 1981.

Andrew, Christopher. For the President's Eyes Only: Secret Intelligence and the American Presidency from Washington to Bush. New York: HarperCollins, 1995.

Bearden, Milt and James Risen. The Main Enemy: The Inside Story of the CIA's Final Showdown with the KGB. New York: Random House, 2003

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Blight, James G. and David A. Welch, eds. Intelligence and the Cuban Missile Crisis London: Frank Cass, 1998.

Breckinridge, Scott D. The CIA and the US. Intelligence System . Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1986. The author spent 26 years with the CIA and was its Deputy Inspector General before retiring. His book emphasizes the structure of the U.S. intelligence system and its relationship to the public community.

Cline, RayS. Secrets, Spies, and Scholars: Blueprint of the Essential CIA Washington, DC: Acropolis Books, 1976. Revised as The CIA Under Reagan, Bush, and Casey: The Evolution of the Agency from Roosevelt to Reagan (Washington~ DC: Acropolis Books, 1981 ).

Commission on Protecting and Reducing Government Secrecy: Report ofthe Commission on Protecting and Reducing Government Secrecy. S. Doc 105-2. Washington, DC: US Govenunent Printing Office, 1997.

De Silva, Peer. Sub-Rosa: The CIA and the Uses ofIntelligence. New York: Times Books, 1978.

Eisendrath, Craig, editor. National Insecurity: US. Intelligence after the Cold War. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2000.

Epley, William W., ed. International Cold War Military Records and History: Proceedings of the International Conference on Cold War Military Records and History Held in Washington, D.C. 21-26 March 1994. Washington, DC: Office ofthe Secretary ofDefense, 1996.

Epstein, Edward J. Deception: The Invisible War Between the KGB and the CIA. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989.

Firth, Noel E. and James H. Noren. Soviet Defense Spending: A History of CIA Estimates, 1950-1990. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 1998.

Fischer, Ben B. A Cold War Conundrum: The 1983 Soviet War Scare. Washington, D.C.: History Staff, Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1997.

Freedman, Lawrence. Kennedy's Wars: Berlin, Cuba, Laos, and Vietnam . New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Mainly about JFK's national security policy but has insightful discussions of several intelligence issues drawing on new documentation.

_____. US Intelligence and the Soviet Strategic Threat. 2nd edition. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986.

Gaddis, John Lewis. "Intelligence, Espionage, and Cold War Origins," Diplomatic

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History, 13:2 (Spring 1989), 191-212.

Haines, Gerald K. and Robert E. Leggett, eds. CIA's Analysis of the Soviet Union, 1947-1991. Washington, DC: Center for the Study of Intelligence, 2001.

Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri. The CIA and American Democracy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989.

_____. Cloak and Dollar: A History ofAmerican Secret Intelligence . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002.

_____ and Christopher Andrew, eds. Eternal Vigilance? 50 Years of the CIA. London: Frank Cass, 1997.

Johnson, Loch K. America's Secret Power: The CIA in a Democratic Society. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Laqueur, Walter. A World ofSecrets: the Uses and Limits ofIntelligence. New York: Basic Books, 1985.

Leary, William M., ed. The Central Intelligence Agency: History and Documents . University, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1984. Includes a useful overview history of CIA written in 1975-76 for the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Activities (the Church Committee) by Anna Karalekas.

Martin, David. Wilderness ofMirrors. New York: Harper, 1980. The first extensive account of counterintelligence affairs at CIA, focusing on James Angleton and William Harvey.

May, Ernest R., ed. Knowing One's Enemies: Intelligence Assessment Before the Two World Wars. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984. This collection of essays covers the 1najor European countries, the United States, and Japan.

McKnight, David. Espionage and the Roots of the Cold War: The Conspiratorial Heritage. London: Frank Cass, 2002.

Murphy, David E., Sergei A. Kondrashev, and George Bailey. Battleground Berlin: CIA vs. KGB in the Cold War. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997. Definitive account of intelligence operations in Berlin written by insiders Murphy (CIA), Kondrashev (KGB), and Bailey Goumalist and intelligence officer). The authors had access to CIA and KGB archives.

O'Toole, G.J.A. Honorable Treachery: A History of US. Intelligence, Espionage, and Covert Action from the American Revolution to the CIA. New York: The Atlantic Monthly Press, 1991.

Paterson, Thomas G., ed. Kennedy's Quest for Victory: American Foreign Policy,

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1961-1963. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. An outstanding collection of essays that provide essential background for understanding intelligence issues during JFK's term.

Prados, John. The Soviet Estimate: U.S. Intelligence Analysis and Russian Military Strength. New York: Dial Press, 1982.

Ranelagh, John. The Agency: The Rise and Decline ofthe CIA. Revised ed. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1987.

Richelson, Jeffrey. American Espionage and the Soviet Target. New York: William Morrow Co., 1987.

_____. A Century ofSpies: Intelligence in the Twentieth Century. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Secrets of the Century: Inside the CIA. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 2000.

Shulsky, Abram N. Sil(!nt Warfare: Understanding the World ofIntelligence. Washington, DC: Brassey's, 1991.

U.S. Senate, Select Committee To Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities. Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1976. Reprint of the Church Committee Report.

Westerfield, H. Bradford, ed. Inside CIA 's Private World: Declassified Articles from the Agency's Internal Journal, 1955-1992 . New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995. An anthology of articles from Studies in Intelligence. ·

Winks, Robin. Cloak and Gown: Scholars in the Secret War, 1939-1961. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1987. Essential for understanding the links between the American academic community and Intelligence Community began. Excellent account of some of the major personalities involved in creating and running the Research and Analysis Branch of the OSS.

Woodward, Bob. Veil: The Secret Wars ofthe CIA 1981-87 . New York: Simon & Schuster, 1987.

Cold War Covert Action

Berghahn, Volker R. America and the Intellectual Cold Wars . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001. Describes the covert "culture wars" between East and West that involved CIA-supported organizations such as the Congress for Cultural Freedom.

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Bower, Tom. The Red Web: MI6 and the KGB Master Coup. London: Aurum Press, 1989. How the KGB foiled British and US efforts to support the resistance movement in the Baltic states.

Blight, James G. and Peter Kombluh. Politics ofIllusion: The Bay ofPigs Invasion Reexamined. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1998.

The Clandestine Cold War in Asia, 1945-1965: Western Intelligence, Propaganda and Special Operations, special issue of Intelligence and National Security 14 (Winter 1999).

Conboy, Kenneth J and Morrison, James. The CIA's Secret War in Tibet. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2002.

Feet to the Fire: CIA Covert Operations in Indonesia, 1957-1958. Annapolis MD: Naval Institute Press, 1999.

Conboy~ Kenneth with Morrison, James. Shadow War: The CIA's Secret War in Laos. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 1995.

Cullather, Nick. Secret History : The CIA's Classified Account ofIts Operations in Guatemala, 1952-1954. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999.

Godson, Roy. Dirty Tricks or Trump Cards: US. Covert Action and Counterintelligence. Washington: Brassey's, 1996.

Grose, Peter. Operation Rollback: America's Secret War Behind the Iron Curtain Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2000.

Haas, Michael E. In the Devil 's Shadow: UN Special Operations During the Korean War. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2000.

Higgins, Trumbull. The Perfect Failure: Kennedy, Eisenhower, and the CIA at the Bay ofPigs. New York: W.W. Norton, 1987.

Holober, Frank. Raiders ofthe China Coast: CIA Covert Operations During the Korean War. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1999.

Kinzer, Stephen. All the King's Men: An American Coup and the Roots ofMiddle East Terror. New York: Wiley, 2003.

Knaus, John Kenneth. Orphans ofthe Cold War: America and the Tibetan Struggle for Survival. New York: Public Affairs, 1999.

Lucas, Scott. Freedom's War: The American Crusade Against the Soviet Union New York: New York University Press, 1999. Contains chapters surveying US overt and covert propaganda and political efforts in the "hearts and minds" struggle against the

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USSR.

MacEachin, Douglas J. US Intelligence and the Polish Crisis, 1980-1981 Washington, DC: Center for the Study of Intelligence, 2000.

Mickelson, Sig. America's Other Voice: The Story ofRadio Free Europe and Radio Liberty. New York: Praeger, 1983.

Mitrovich, Gregory. Undermining the Kremlin: America's Strategy to Subvert the Soviet Bloc, 1947-1956. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000.

Nelson, Michael. War of the Black Heavens: The Battles of Western Broadcasting in the Cold War. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1997.

Nutter, John J. The CIA's Black Ops: Covert Action, Foreign Policy and Diplomacy. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2000.

Prados, John. Presidents' Secret Wars: CIA and Pentagon Covert Operations from World War II through Iranscam. New York: William Morrow, 1986.

Puddington, Arch. Broadcasting Freedom: The Cold War Triumph ofRadio Free Europe and Radio Liberty. Lexington, KY: Universit Press of Kentucky, 2000 .

. Roosevelt, Kermit. Countercoup: The Struggle for the Control ofIran. New York: McGraw Hill, 1979. Discusses the overthrow if Iranian Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadeq in August 1953. Roosevelt was the head of the Near East and Africa Division at the time and commanded the covert operation in Tehran.

Rositzke, Harry A. CIA 's Secret Operations: Espionage, Counterespionage, and Covert Action. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1988.

Saunders, Frances Stonor. The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World ofArts and Letters. New York: New Press, 2000.

Schlesinger, Stephen and Stephen Kinzer. Bitter Fruit: The Untold Story ofthe American Coup in Guatemala. New York: Doubleday, 1982.

Thomas, Evan. The Very Best Men. Four Who Dared: the Early Years of CIA. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995. Based on Thomas's access to CIA records.

Treverton, Gregory F. Covert Action: The Limits ofIntervention in the Postwar World. New York: Basic Books, 1987.

Warner, Michael. "The CIA's Internal Probe of the Bay of Pigs Affair," Studies in Intelligence, 40 (1996).

"The CIA's Office ofPolicy Coordination: From NSC 10/2 to NSC

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68," International Journal ofIntelligence and Counterintelligence, 11 (Summer 1998).

_____. "Origins of the Congress for Cultural Freedom, 1949-50," Studies in Intelligence, 38 (1995).

_____. "Sophisticated Spies: CIA's Links to Liberal Anti-Communists, 1949-1967," International Journal ofIntelligence and Counterintelligence , 9 (Winter 1996).

Wyden, Peter. Bay ofPigs: The Untold Story . New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979.

Vietnam and Laos

Andrade, Dale. Ashes to Ashes: The Phoenix Program and the Vietnam War. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath, 1990.

Blaufarb, DouglasS. The Counterinsurgency Era: US. Doctrine and Performance, 1950 to the Present. New York: The Free Press, 1977.

Colby, William E. with James McCargar. Lost Victory: A Firsthand Account of America's Sixteen-Year Involvement in Vietnam. Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1989.

Conboy, Kenneth J. and Andrade, Dale. Spies and Commandos: How American Lost the Secret War in North Vietnam. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2000.

-----and James Morison. Shadow War: The CIA's Secret War in Laos Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 1995.

Ford, Harold P. CIA and the Vietnam Policymakers: Three Episodes 1962-1968 Washington, D.C.: History Staff, Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1998.

Plaster, John L. SOG: The Secret Wars ofAmerica's Commandos in Vietnam. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997.

Prados, John. The Hidden History ofthe Vietnam War. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1995.

Shultz, Richard H., Jr. The Secret War Against Hanoi: Kennedy's and Johnson's Use ofSpies, Saboteurs, and Covert Warriors in North Vietnam . New York: HarperCollins, 1999.

Tourison, Sedgwick. Secret Army, Secret War: Washington's Tragic Spy Operation in North Vietnam. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1995.

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Warner, Roger. Backfire: The CIA 's Secret War in Laos and Its Links to the Vietnam War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995. Based on extensive interviews with former CIA employees involved in the war in Laos. The best book to come out on the topic so far. Reissued with revisions in 1996 as Shooting At the Moon.

Post-Cold War Intelligence Issues

Adams, James. The New Spies: Exploring the Frontiers ofEspionage. London: Hutchinson, 1994. Berkowitz, Bruce D. and Allen E. Goodman. Best Truth: Intelligence in the Information Age. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000. Eisendrath, Craig, ed. National Insecurity: US. Intelligence After the Cold War. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2000. Hulnick, Arthur S. Fixing the Spy Machine: Preparing American Intelligence for the Twenty-First Century. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1999. Johnson, Loch. Bombs, Bugs, Drugs, and Thugs: Intelligence and America's Quest for Security. New York: New York University Press, 2000. ___. Secret Agencies: US. Intelligence in a Hostile World. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 196.

Shukman, Harold, ed. Agents for Change: Intelligence Services in the 21st Century. London: St. Ermin's Press, 2000. A collection of papers and remarks by scholars and practitioners of intelligence, given at an international conference on the future of intelligence held at Oxford University in 1999.

Treverton, Gregory E. Reshaping National Intelligence for an Age ofInformation. New York: Crunbridge University Press, 2001.

Technical Collection and Tradecraft

Bamford, Jrunes. Body ofSecrets: Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security Agency from the Cold War through the Dawn of a New Century. New York: Doubleday, 2001. A much-revised update of his first book on NSA, The Puzzle Palace.

Beschloss, Michael R. Mayday: Eisenhower, Khrushchev, and the U-2 Affair. New York: Harper & Row, 1986.

Brugioni, Dino. Eyeball to Eyeball: the Inside Story ofthe Cuban Missile Crisis

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New York: Randmn House, 1990. Underscores the importance of technical collection and how policymakers use intelligence.

Photo Fakery: The History and Techniques ofPhotographic Deception and Manipulation. Dulles, VA: Brassey's 1999.

Burrows, William. By Any Means Necessary: America's Secret Air War in the Cold War. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001.

Deep Black: Space Espionage and National Security . New York: Random House, 1986.

Day, Dwayne A.; John M. Logsdon, and Brian Latell. Eye in the Sky: The Story of the Corona Spy Satellites. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998.

Fischer, Benjamin B. Office of Technical Service: 50 Years Supporting Operations . Washington, DC: CIA, 2001.

Hersh, Seymour. "The Target is Destroyed": What Really Happened to Flight 007 and What America Knew About It . New York: Random House, 1986. Key history of SIGINT operations.

Lashmar, Paul. Spy Flights of the Cold War. London: Sutton Publishing Ltd., 1996.

Lewis, Jonathan E. Spy Capitalism: Itek and the CIA. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002. An executive-suite view of the Agency's contractor for reconnaissance satellite cameras.

Melton, H. Keith. CIA Special Weapons and Equipment: Spy Devices ofthe Cold War. New York: Sterling Publishing, 1993.

____. The Ultimate Spy Book. New York: DK Publishing, 1996.

Mendez, Antonio and Jonna, with Bruce Henderson. Spy Dust: Two Masters of Disguise Reveal the Tools and Operations That Helped Win the Cold War . New York: Atria Books, 2002.

Pedlow, Gregory W. and Donald E. Welzenbach. The CIA and the U-2 Program, 1954-1974. Washington, D.C.: History Staff, Center for the Study oflntelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, 1998.

Peebles, Curtis. The CORONA Project: America's First Spy Satellites . Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1997.

Guardians: Strategic Reconnaissance Satellites . Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1987.

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_____. Shadow Flights: America's Secret Air War against the Soviet Union. Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 2000.

Pocock, Chris. Dragon Lady: The History of the U-2 Spyplane . Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1989.

_____. The U-2 Spyplane-Toward the Unknown: A New History of the Early Years Atglen, P A: Schiffer Military History, 2000.

Polmar, Norman. Spyplane: The U-2 History Declassified . Osceola, WI: MBI Publishing, 2001.

Richelson, Jeffrey. America's Secret Eyes in Space: Tthe US Keyhole Satellite Spy Program. New York: Harper & Row, 1990.

_____. The Wizards ofLangley: Inside the CIA 's Directorate ofScience and Technology. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2001.

Ruffner, Kevin C., editor. CORONA: America's First Satellite Program. Washington, D.C.: CIA History Staff, 1995.

"Secrets of Signals Intelligence during the Cold War and Beyond," special issue of Intelligence and National Security, vol. 16, no. 1 (Spring 2001).

Sontag, Sherry and Christopher Drew. Blind Man's Bluff: The Untold Story of American Submarine Espionage. New York: Public Affairs, 1998.

Stafford, David. Spies Beneath Berlin. Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 2002. The most complete study of the Berlin Tunnel operation. ·

Tart, Larry and Robert Keefe. The Price of Vigilance: Attacks on American Flights. New York: Ballantine Books, 2001.

Taubman, Philip. Secret Empire: Eisenhower, the CIA, and the Hidden Story of America's Space Espionage. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2003.

Varner, Roy and Wayne Collier. A Matter ofRisk: The Incredible Inside Story of the CIA's Hughes Glomar Explorer Mission to Raise a Russian Submarine . New York: Random House, 1978.

West, Nigel. GCHQ: The Secret Wireless War, 1900-86. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1986.

Memoirs

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Adams, Sam. War ofNumbers: An Intelligence Memoir. South Royalton, VT: Steerforth Press, 1994. About the Vietnam order ofbattle controversy.

Allen, George W. None So Blind: A Personal Account of the Intelligence Failure in Vietnam. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2001.

Ayers, Bradley Earl. The War That Never Was. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1976. Recollections of an Army officer detailed to Operation MONGOOSE against Castro.

Baer, Robert. See No Evil: The True Story ofa Ground Soldier in the CIA 's War on Terrorism. New York: Crown, 2001.

Bissell, Richard M., Jr. with Jonathan E. Lewis and Frances T. Pudlo. Reflections of a Cold Warrior: From Yalta to the Bay ofPigs. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996.

Clarridge, Duane R. with Digby Diehl. A Spy for All Seasons: My Life in the CIA. New York: Scribner, 1997.

Colby, William E. and Peter Forbath. Honorable Men: My Life in the CIA . New York: Simon & Schuster, 1978.

Garthoff, Raymond L. A Journey Through the Cold War: A Memoir of Containment and Coexistence. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2001. By one ofthe US Government's most respected analysts of Soviet affairs and strategic issues.

Gates, Robert M. From the Shadows: The Ultimate Insider's Story ofFive Presidents and How They Won the Cold War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.

Gehlen, Reinhard. The Service: the Memoirs of General Reinhard Gehlen. New York: Popular Library, 1972. Memoirs ofthe head of the German Army's Foreign Armies (East), responsible for military intelligence on the Red Army during World War II.

Gilligan, Tom. CIA Life: 10,000 Days with the Agency. Connecticut: Foreign Intelligence Press, 1991.

Helms, Richard with William Hood. A Look Over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency. New York: Random House, 2003.

Holm, Richard. The American Agent: My Life in the CIA London: St. Ermin's Press, 2003.

Johnson, Clarence "Kelly" with Maggie Smith. More Than My Share ofIt All Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1985. By the designer of the U-2 and

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SR-71.

Kirkpatrick, Lyman B., Jr. The Real CIA. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1968. Memoir of former Inspector General.

Lynch, Grayston L. Decision for Disaster: Betrayal at the Bay ofPigs. Washington, DC: Brassey's 1998. By the CIA case officer who went ashore with La Brigada on the first wave.

Mendez, Antonio J. The Master ofDisguise: My Secret Life in the CIA. New York: Morrow, 1999.

Meyer, Cord. Facing Reality: From World Federalism to the CIA . NewYork: Harper & Row, 1980.

Phillips, David Atlee. The Night Watch: 25 Years ofPeculiar Service . New York: Atheneum, 1977.

Powers, Francis Gary. Operation Overflight. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970.

Rich, Ben R. with Leo Janos. Skunk Works: A Personal Memoir ofMy Years at Lockheed. New York: Little, Brown, 1994.

Roosevelt, Archie. For Lust ofKnowing: Memoirs ofan Intelligence Officer. Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1988.

Rowlett, Frank B. and David Kahn. The Story ofMagic: Memoirs ofan American Cryptologic Pioneer. Laguna Hills, CA: Aegean Park Press, 1998.

Smith, R. Jack. The Unknown CIA: My Three Decades with the Agency. Washington, DC: Pergamon-Brassey's, 1989.

Turner, Stansfield. Secrecy and Democracy: The CIA in Transition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1985.

Weber, Ralph E., editor. Spymasters: Ten CIA Officers In Their Own Words Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1999.

Biography

Brown, Anthony Cave. The Last Hero: Wild Bill Donovan. New York: Times Books, 1982.

Com, David. Blond Ghost: Ted Shackley and the CIA 's Crusades New York:

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Simon and Schuster, 1994.

Currey, Cecil. Edward Lansdale: The Unquiet American . Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 19 8 8.

Dunlop, Richard. Donovan: America's Master Spy. New York: Rand McNally, 1982.

Grose, Peter. Gentleman Spy: The Life ofAllen Dulles . Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1994.

Gup, Ted. The Book ofHonor: The Secret Lives and Deaths of CIA Operatives New York: Random House, 2000.

Hersh, Burton. The Old Boys: The American Elite and the Origins ofthe CIA . New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1992.

Mangold, Thomas. Cold Warrior: : The CIA Master Spy Hunter. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991. The most thorough study ofthe molehunter and the Golitsyn-Nosenko controversy, good on characterization and well-sourced, but a bit overdrawn at times.

Morgan, Ted. A Covert Life: Jay Lovestone: Communist, Anti-Communist, and Spymaster. New York: Random House, 1999.

Persico, Joseph E. Casey: The Lives and Secrets of William J. Casey: From the OSS to the CIA. New York: Viking, 1990.

Powers, Thomas.- The Man Who Kept the Secrets: Richard Helms and the CIA. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1979. An incisive account of the quintessential espiocrat set against the backdrop of CIA history, with especially good accounts of clandestine operations during the 1960s.

Prados, Jolm. Lost Crusader: The Secret Wars of CIA Director William Colby. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Srodes, Jmnes. Allen Dulles: Master ofSpies. Washington: Regnery, 1999.

Soviets Working for CIA and Soviet Defectors

Brook-Shepherd, Gordon. The Storm Birds: Soviet Post-War Defectors. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1988. A good, short summary.

Hood, William. Mole: The True Story of the First Russian intelligence Officer

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Recruited by the CIA. New York: W.W. Norton, 1982. The story ofthe Popov case.

Schecter, Jerrold L. and PeterS. Deriabin. The Spy Who Saved the World: How a Soviet Colonel Changed the Course ofthe Cold War . New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1992. Story of Soviet GRU Col. Oleg Penkovskiy.

American Counterintelligence Cases

Adams, James. Sellout: and the Corruption ofthe CIA . New York: Viking, 1995.

Allen, Thomas and Norman Polmar. Merchants of Treason. New York: Delacorte Press, 1988.

Barker, Rodney. Dancing with the Devil: Sex, Espionage, and the US. Marines: The Clayton Lonetree Story. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996.

Barker, Wayne G. and Coffman, Rodney E. The Anatomy of Two Traitors: The ofBernon F. Mitchell and William H Martin . Laguna Hills, CA: Aegean Park Press, 1982. About two NSA defectors to the Soviet Union.

Barron, Jolm. Breaking the Ring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987. Story of the Walker spy ring.

Earley, Pete. Confessions of a Spy: The Real Story ofAldrich Ames . New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1997. The best ofthe books on the Ames case.

____. Family of Spies: Inside the John Walker Spy Ring . New York: Bantam Books, 1988.

Herrington, Stuart A. Traitors Among Us: Inside the Spy Catcher's World. Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1999. A US Army counterintelligence officer's story of his pursuit of Clyde Lee Comad and other military turncoats.

Hunter, Robert W. Spy Hunter: Inside the FBI Investigation ofthe Walker Espionage Case. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1999.

Kessler, Ronald. Escape from the CIA. New York: Pocket Books, 1991. About the case.

Lindsey, Robert. The Falcon and the Snowman: A True Story ofFriendship and Espionage. London: Jonathan Cape, 1980. Story ofChristopher Boyce and Andrew Lee, whose espionage compromised American satellite reconnaissance capabilities.

Maas, Peter. Killer Spy: The Inside Story ofthe FBI's Pursuit and Capture of

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Aldrich Ames, America's Deadliest Spy. New York: Warner Books, 1995.

Mitchell, Marcia and Thomas. The Spy Who Seduced America: Sex, Lies, and Betrayal in the Heat ofthe Cold War: The Story. Invisible Cities Press, 2002.

Stober, Dan and Ian Hoffman. A Convenient Spy: Wen Ho Lee and the Politics of . New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001.

Taylor, Stan A. and Snow, Daniel. "Cold War Spies: Why They Spied and How They Got Caught," Intelligence and National Security, 12 (April1997).

Vise, David A. The Bureau and the Mole. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2002.

Wise, David. Nightmover: How Aldrich Ames Sold the CIA to the KGB for $4.6 Million. New York: HarperCollins, 1995.

_____. Spy: The Inside Story ofHow the FBI's Betrayed America. New York: Random House, 2002 .

---- . The Spy Who Got Away: The Inside Story ofEdward Lee Howard, the CIA Agency Who Betrayed His Country's Secrets and Escaped to . New York: Random House, 1988.

CIA Renegades

Agee, Philip. Inside the Company: CIA Diary. New York: Stonehill Publishing, 1975.

Marchetti, Victor and John D. Marks. The CIA and the Cult ofIntelligence. London: Jonathan Cape, 1974.

Snepp, Frank. Decent Interval: An Insider's Account ofSaigon 's Indecent End Told by the CIA's Chief Strategy Analyst in Vietnam. New York: Random House, 1977.

Stockwell, John. In Search ofEnemies: A CIA Story . New York: W.W. Norton, 1978.

FBI and Secret Service

Barron, John. Operation SOLO: The FBI's Man in the Kremlin . London: Robert

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Hale, 1997.

Batvinis, Raymond J. "In the Beginning: An Examination of the Development of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Counterintelligence Program, 1936 to 1941." Ph.D. disseration, Catholic University of America, 2001.

Davis, James K. Spying on America: The FBI's Domestic Counterintelligence Program. New York: Praeger, 1992.

Lamphere, Robert. The FBI-KGB War: A Special Agent's Story. New York: Random House, 1986.

Melanson, Philip H. The Secret Service: The Hidden History ofan Enigmatic Agency. New York: Carroll and Graf, 2002.

Powers, Richard Gid. Secrecy and Power: The Life ofJ. Edgar Hoover. New York: The Free Press, 1987.

Riebling, Mark. Wedge: The Secret War Between the FBI and CIA . New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994.

Rout, Leslie B. The Shadow War: German Espionage and United States Counterespionage in Latin America During World War II Frederick, MD: University Publications of America, 1986.

Theoharis, Athan. Chasing Spies: How the FBI Failed in Counterintelligence but Promoted the Politics ofMcCarthyism in the Cold War Years . Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2002.

Ungar, Sanford. FBI. Boston: Little, Brown, 197 5.

Whitehead, Don. The FBI Story. New York: Random House, 1956.

Friendly Services Andrew, Christopher. Her Majesty's Secret Service: the Making ofthe British Intelligence Community. New York: Viking, 1986. First published in Britain under the title Secret Service: The Making of the British Intelligence Community.

Black, Ian. Israel's Secret Wars: The Untold History ofIsraeli Intelligence London: Hamish Hamilton, 1991.

Bower, Tom. The Perfect English Spy: Sir Dick White and the Secret War, 1935-1990. London: Heinemann, 1995.

Dorril, Stephen. MI-6: Inside the Covert World ofHer Majesty's Secret Intelligence

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Service. New York: Free Press, 2000.

Faligot, Roger and Pascal Krop. La Piscine: The French Secret Service since 1944 . London: Blackwell, 1989.

Hinsley, F.H. British Intelligence in the Second World War. 5 vols. London: HMSO, 1979-1990. Hinsley is a model ofhow an official intelligence history should be written. There is nothing comparable in the American literature.

Katz, Samuel M. Soldier Spies : Israeli Military Intelligence. Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1992.

MacKenzie, W.J.M. The Secret History ofSOE: The Special Operations Executive, 1940-1945. London: St. Ermin's Press, 2000. A recently declassified official history written in 1948.

Mahl, Thomas E. Desperate Deception: British Covert Operations in the United States, 1939-1944. Washington, DC: Brassey's, 1998.

Porch, Douglas. The French Secret Services: A History ofFrench Intelligence from the Dreyfus Affair to the Gulf War. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995.

Smith, Michael. New Cloak, Old Dagger: How Britain's Spies Came In From The Cold. London: Victor Gollancz, 1996.

Thomas, Gordon. Gideon's Spies: The Secret History ofthe Massad. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999.

West, Nigel. A Matter of Trust: MI5, 1945-72. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1982.

MI5: British Security Service Operations, 1909-1945. London: . Bodley Head, 1981.

_____. MI6: British Secret Intelligence Service Operations, 1909-45 . New York: Random House, 1982.

Secret War: The Story ofSOE, Britain's Wartime Sabotage Organisation. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1992.

Whitwell, John (pseudo.). British Agent. London and Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 1996) Memoirs of an SIS agent in the 1930s and 1940s.

Hostile Services Andrew, Christopher and . KGB: The Inside Story ofIts Foreign

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Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev. New York: HarperCollins, 1990.

and Vasili Mitrokhin. The Sword and The Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB. New York: Basic Books, 1999.

Childs, David and Richard Popplewell. The Stasi: the East German Intelligence and Security Service. New York: New York University Press, 1996.

Costello, John and Tsarev, Oleg. Deadly Illusions. New York: Crown, 1993.

Deriabin, Peter. The Secret World. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1959.

Duff, William E. A Time for Spies: Theodore Stephanovich Mally and the Era of the Great Illegals. Nashville and London: Vanderbilt University Press, 1999.

Eftimiades, Nicholas. Chinese Intelligence Operations . Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1994.

Fischer, Ben B. Okhrana: The Paris Operations ofthe Russian Imperial Police. Washington, D.C.: Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1997.

Hohne, Heinz. Canaris. Garden City, NJ: Doubleday, 1979.

Kahn, David. Hitler's Spies: German Military Intelligence in World War II New York: Macmillan, 1978.

Kalugin, Oleg. The First Directorate: My 32 Years in Intelligence and Espionage Against the West. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994.

Koehler, John 0. Stasi: The Untold Story of the East German Secret Police Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999.

Lunev, Stanislav. Through the Eyes of the Enemy: The Autobiography ofStanislav Lunev. Chicago: Regnery, 1998. By the highest ranking GRU defector.

Matthews, Tony. Shadows Dancing: Japanese Espionage Against the West, 1939-1945. New York: St. Martinss Press, 1994.

Modin, Yuri. My Five Cmnbridge Friends: Burgess, Maclean, Phi/by, Blunt, and Cairncross. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1994.

Penkovsky, Oleg. The Penkovsky Papers. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1965 ..

Shultz, Richard H. Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy Washington: Pergamon-Brassey's, 1984.

Sudaplatov, Anatoly. Special Tasks: the Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness-A Soviet

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Spymaster. Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1994.

West, Nigel. The Crown Jewels: The British Secrets at the Heart of the KGB Archives. London: HarperCollins, 1999.

Wolf, Markus. Man Without a Face: The Autobiography of Communism's Great Spymaster. New York: Random House, 1997. Wolfhas some unflattering things to say about CIA's operational effort in Europe.

Congress and Oversight

Barrett, David M. "Gli1npses of a Hidden History: Sen. Richard Russell, Congress, and Oversight of the CIA," International Journal ofIntelligence and Counterintelligence, 11 (Fall 1998).

Laurie, Clayton D. Congress and the National Reconnaissance Office. Chantilly, Va.: Office of the Historian, National Reconnaissance Office, 2000.

Olmsted, Kathryn S. Challenging the Secret Government: The Post-Watergate Investigations of the CIA and FBI. Chapel Hill, NC: University ofNorth Carolina Press, 1996.

Smist, Frank J., Jr. Congress Oversees the United States Intelligence Community, 1947-1994. 2nd edition. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1994.

Snider, L. Britt. Sharing Secrets with Lawmakers: Congress as a User of Intelligence. Intelligence Monograph CSI 97-10001. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency, 1997.

US House of Representatives, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence [HPSCI]. Compilation ofIntelligence Laws and Related Laws and Executive Orders ofInterest to the National Intelligence Community . The indispensable guide to legislation and regulations governing the Intelligence Community. Updated biennially; most recently produced during the 1o6th Congress, Second Session, 2000.

US Senate, Select Committee on Intelligence [SSCI]. Legislative Oversight of Intelligence Activities: The US Experience. 103rd Congress, Second Session, 1994.

Military Intelligence

Bidwell, Bruce. The History ofthe Military Intelligence Division ofthe Army

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General Staff, 1775-1941. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1986.

Dorwart, Jeffrey M. Conflict ofDuty: The United States Navy's Intelligence Dilemma, 1919-1945. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1983.

The Office ofNaval Intelligence: The Birth ofAmerica's First Intelligence Agency, 1865-1918. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1979.

Fahey, Jolm A. Licensed to Spy: With the Top Secret Military Liaison Mission in East Germany. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2002.

Finnegan, J olm Patrick. Military Intelligence: A Picture History . Arlington, VA: History Office, US Army Intelligence and Security Command, 1984.

Finnegan, Jolm Patrick and Danysh, Romana. Military Intelligence . Washington, DC: US Army Center of Military History, 1998.

Hughes-Wilson, Jolm. Military Intelligence Blunders. New York: Carroll and Graf, 1999.

Jensen, Joan M. Army Surveillance in America, 1775-1980 . New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991.

Koch, Oscar W. with Robert G. Hays. G-2: Intelligence for Patton . N.p.: Army Times, 1971.

Paddock, Alfred H., Jr. US Army Special Warfare: Its Origins . Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2002.

Wise, David. Cassidy's Run: The Secret Spy War over Nerve Gas . New York: Random House, 2000.

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