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WRA Species Report Family: Basellaceae Taxon: Anredera cordifolia Synonym: Boussingaultia cordifolia Ten. (basionym) Common Name bridal wreath Boussingaultia gracilis Miers Madeira-vine Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Patti Clifford Designation: H(HPWRA) Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Patti Clifford WRA Score 20 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 n 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 y 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 y Print Date: 10/11/2010 Anredera cordifolia (Basellaceae) Page 1 of 8 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 n 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 y 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 y 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 1 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 y areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 y 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 y 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 y 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 n Designation: H(HPWRA) WRA Score 20 Print Date: 10/11/2010 Anredera cordifolia (Basellaceae) Page 2 of 8 Supporting Data: 101 2010. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. No evidence. 201 2010. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Native: Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay. Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) [Online Database Index]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi- bin/npgs/html/index.pl 202 2010. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Native: Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay. Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) [Online Database Index]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi- bin/npgs/html/index.pl 203 2006. Westhuizen, L.V.D.. The evaluation of "In its native range, A. cordifolia occurs in forest, grassland, cropland, woodland Phenrica sp.2 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: and scrub with annual temperatures and rainfall ranging from 10- 30°C and 500- Aktucunae), as a possible biocontrol agent for 2000mm respectively." In South Africa, it occurs at altitudes ranging from 10- Madeira vine, Anredera cordifolia (Ten). Steenis 1800m. in South Africa. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/496/ 203 2009. Dave's Garden. PlantFiles: Madeira Vine USDA zones: 10a-11 Anredera cordifolia. Dave's Garden, http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/32005/ 204 2008. The Bishop Museum. Native and Naturalized on Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui and Hawaii Island. naturalized flowering plants of Hawaii - main Hawaiian Islands. The Bishop Museum, http://www.bishopmuseum.org/research/natsci/bo tany/dbandkeys/Main%20Islands%20Report.pdf 204 2010. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Native: Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay. Naturalized in Australia, Program. Germplasm Resources Information Mexico, New Zealand, Hawaii, Macaronesia. Network (GRIN) [Online Database Index]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi- bin/npgs/html/index.pl 205 1999. Wagner, W. L./Herbst, D. R./Sohmer, S. Widely cultivated in tropical regions. H.. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition.. University of Hawai‘i Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI. 301 2008. The Bishop Museum. Native and Naturalized on Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui and Hawaii Island. naturalized flowering plants of Hawaii - main Hawaiian Islands. The Bishop Museum, http://www.bishopmuseum.org/research/natsci/bo tany/dbandkeys/Main%20Islands%20Report.pdf 301 2010. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Naturalized in south Europe, south Africa, temperate Asia, Australia, Mexico, Program. Germplasm Resources Information New Zealand, western United States, Hawaii, Macaronesia. Network (GRIN) [Online Database Index]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi- bin/npgs/html/index.pl 302 2010. Simmonds, H.. Australian weeds and Garden escapee. [scored as an environmental weed, see 3.04] livestock. Mangrove Mountain Computer Club, http://www.weeds.mangrovemountain.net/index.ht ml 304 2002. West, C.J.. Eradication of alien plants on A. cordifolia is an environmental weed on Raoul Island, New Zealand. A. Raoul Island, Kermadec Islands, New Zealand. cordifolia has the potential to alter the structure and composition of the native IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group, vegetation. Eradication efforts were started in 1995. Gland 304 2003. Weber, E.. Invasive Plant Species of the The vine climbs into the canopies of trees and shrubs and smothers them. It World. A Reference Guide to Environmental forms dense infestations that crush trees and shrubs. Light enters the gap and Weeds.. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK breaks the dormancy of the tubers in or on the soil. Over time, establishment of native trees is prevented. Print Date: 10/11/2010 Anredera cordifolia (Basellaceae) Page 3 of 8 304 2006. Westhuizen, L.V.D.. The evaluation of A. cordifolia is considered a transformer species because of its ability to cause Phenrica sp.2 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: ecosystem level changes through the displacement of native plant species. Aktucunae), as a possible biocontrol agent for Madeira vine, Anredera cordifolia (Ten). Steenis in South Africa. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/496/ 304 2009. Wilsons Creek Huonbrook Landcare Anredera has spread along the waterways and through forests in Australia. It is Incorporated. Anredera cordifolia. Wilsons Creek considered to be the greatest threat to rainforest remnants. Its fleshy leaves and Huonbrook Landcare Incorporated, bunches of tubers make it the heaviest of the problem vines. It can break tree http://wilsonscreeklandcare.mullum.com.au/weed branches from its weight. The stem can grow one meter per week. s/madeira_vine.html 305 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of Anredera baselloides is listed as an agricultural weed in South Africa. There is no Weeds. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ information on economic impacts or control efforts. 401 1999. Wagner, W. L./Herbst, D. R./Sohmer, S. "Plants from thick rhizomes; stems usually 3-6 m long. Leaves ovate, or H.. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. sometimes lanceolate, 1-11 cm long, 0.8-8 cm wide, producing small axillary Revised edition.. University of Hawai‘i Press and tubercles at base.Racemes simple or 2-4 branched, 4-30 cm long, pedicels 1.5-2 Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI. mm long, each flower subtended by a minute persistent bract; receptacle cup- shaped by 2 persistent hyaline bracteoles, the upper 2 greenish white, broadly elliptic to suborbicular, ca. 1-2 mm long; corolla white, the lobes ovate-oblong to elliptic, 1-3 mm long; stamens white; style white, 3-cleft nearly to base." 402 2010. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. Unknown. 403 2005. Staples, G. W./Herbst, D. R.. A Tropical Not parasitic. Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI. 404 2000. Simmonds, H./Holst, P./Bourke, C.. The Low palatability to goats when grown in Australia. Tubers and leaves are palatability, and potential toxicity of Australian occasionally eaten by livestock.
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