Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway Interpretive Plan

United States Department of Agriculture

Forest Service

Region 2

Arapaho Roosevelt National Forest

September 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway Revised Interpretive Plan

USDA Forest Service Center for Design & Interpretation Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway Revised and Updated Interpretive Plan August 2008

Contents Introduction ...... 3 Purpose of and Need for an Interpretive Plan ...... 3 Planning Assumptions Related to Interpretation ...... 3 Interpretive Planning ...... 4 Byway Interpretive Theme Statement ...... 4 Interpretive Goals ...... 4 Statements of Signifi cance ...... 5 Interpretive Sites ...... 6 Existing interpretation ...... 6 Interpretive recommendations for existing or future facilities ...... 7 Site inventory ...... 7 Interpretive site priorities ...... 9 Site Inventory Data ...... 12 Site 1: Georgetown Visitor Center ...... 12 Site 2: Georgetown Overlook ...... 13 Site 3: Silver Dale Byway Entrance ...... 14 Site 4: Waldorf Road at Marshall Tunnel ...... 16 Site 5: Clear Lake ...... 17 Site 6: Cabin Creek Hydroelectric ...... 18 Site 7: Silver Dollar Winter Recreation ...... 20 Site 8: Guanella Pass Summit ...... 21 Site 9: Geologic Site ...... 23 Site 10: Beaver Overlook ...... 24 Site 11: Duck Creek Picnic Ground/Winter Recreation ...... 25 Site 12: Abyss Trailhead ...... 27 Site 13: Scott Gomer Waterfall ...... 28 Site 14: Three mile Trailhead ...... 29 Site 15: Whiteside Byway Entrance ...... 30 Plan Implementation and Site Prioritization ...... 34 Evaluation Strategies and Techniques ...... 35

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Unobtrusive Methods ...... 35 Obtrusive Methods ...... 36 Wayside Exhibit Evaluation Checklist ...... 36

Appendix A: Smithsonian Institution Exhibition Accessibility Checklist ...... 37 Appendix B: Helpful Hints for Interpretive Media Design ...... 39 Appendix C: Individual Service Plan (Blank Form and Sample) ...... 42 Appendix D: Completed Exhibit Panels and Installation Information ...... 44

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INTRODUCTION

Perhaps 300 years hence the steep sides of Georgetown Canyon will be covered again with balsams and pines, the picks, daisies and vetches will carpet the ground . . . the mill wheels will stand still, the pilgrims will seek the height. . . . not because they hold silver and gold, but because they are gracious and beautiful and health-giving. Helen Hunt Jackson’s vision from the late 1800s

Purpose of and Need for an Interpretive Plan Interpretive plans help land managers make decisions about how to facilitate the interpretation of byway resources and to guide implementation of specifi c projects. The overall objectives of this interpretive plan are to: • Facilitate and enhance the visitor’s experience. • Help accomplish management goals by preserving, maintaining, or improving ecosystem health and encouraging thoughtful land use and minimal human impact. • Assist in the preservation, maintenance, and enhancement of the scenic and cultural attributes of the corridor. • Encourage understanding and partnerships in of land management goals and objectives.

Planning Assumptions Related to Interpretation • The greatest need for interpretation relates to minimizing human impact on the ecosystem. • Wildlife and botanical resources are key issues of concern, because Guanella Pass provides important habitat for many management indicator species as well as several threatened, endangered, and sensitive species. • Private lands located along the byway will require coordinated planning and cooperation for interpretive endeavors. • The Federal Highway Administration’s proposed road-improvement project may impact the number of users and affect the landscape character of the corridor. The proposed project would provide resource protection, rehabilitation, and new facilities for the byway.

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

• An Introduction Site for the Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway will be incorporated within the Georgetown Visitor Information Center. • The existing interpretive information displayed at Cabin Creek and Clear Lake, provided by the Public Service Company, may be revised to match the interpretive design developed for the byway. • The Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway Corridor Management Strategy (CMS) will be cooperatively amended as needed and will be the sole management plan for the byway. The Interpretive Plan will be implemented cooperatively across jurisdictions. • The Interpretive Plan will be implemented cooperatively across jurisdictions. Park County, Clear Creek County, and the Town of Georgetown will maintain Guanella Pass Byway. Park County currently does not plow the byway in the winter and both counties are considering winter-gated closure. • All signing will follow a design theme consistent in layout, materials, and appearance.

Interpretive Planning Interpretive planning uses themes to provide focus, continuity, and mean- ing to resources along the scenic byway. These themes capture the essence and importance of the ideas, concepts, and features of the natural and cultural resources along the byway.

Byway Interpretive Theme Statement

Guanella Pass Byway traverses wild vistas and delicate ecosystems, demonstrates human reliance on the land, and provides an escape to intimate Colorado mountain settings and experiences for its visitors. Protection of the natural and cultural resources is a necessity.

Interpretive Goals One of the primary functions of this byway is to foster conservation values, and to develop appreciation of and support for land resource management that protects and enhances natural resources. The following goals were established for Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway. The interpretation will: • Provide visitor orientation to the landscape and information on safety awareness and user ethics.

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• Assist users in developing an understanding of and appreciation for the natural and cultural resources along the byway and in forming a personal commitment to appropriate management and protection of the resources. • Promote understanding of the natural environment as an ecosystem and help visitors recognize the role humans had in shaping the physical environment and how they can contribute to its future. • Provide different depths of information, so that visitors can learn about a variety of subjects to their desired level of detail. • Provide interpretive and educational facilities that are consistent in themes and design; visually blend with the surrounding landscape; and have minimal impacts on the ecosystem.

Statements of Signifi cance Statements of signifi cance identify the unique and important resources found along the byway. These statements serve as guidelines for interpretive planning and provide a framework upon which all media decisions are built. The following statements of signifi cance refl ect the intrinsic qualities found throughout the Guanella Pass corridor: Diverse Ecosystems. Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ascends 3,200 vertical feet and traverses wetland, montane, subalpine, and alpine ecosystems that contain threatened, endangered, sensitive, and rare plant species; wetland communities; and unique alpine willow carrs. Wildlife. The region is home to Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep and a diversity of other animals, birds, fi sh, reptiles, amphibians, and insects, including threatened, endangered, and sensitive wildlife species. Botany. The byway provides an excellent opportunity to experience diverse plant species and communities while climbing the environmental gradient from the montane to the alpine. Few roads in Colorado provide access to the alpine environment, where visitors may view short-lived but spectacular displays of wildfl owers. Scenic Beauty. The Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway corridor and the surrounding peaks offer breathtaking vistas that include mountains and valleys shaped by glaciers and streams; thick spruce and fi r forest; abundant wildfl owers; and spectacular fall colors. Recreation. Easy access to abundant and diverse recreational opportunities along the byway provides Front Range residents their own outdoor adventure and wilderness experiences.

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Human Development and the Natural Environment. The Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway traverses a diverse landscape shaped by natural forces and by human utilization of native vegetation, animals, minerals and water, over the centuries and continuing today. Education on Safety Issues and User Ethics. With more than 300,000 annual visitors enjoying the byway and traveling in remote areas over elevation changes and adverse conditions, education on outdoor safety and user ethics is essential.

Interpretive Sites Existing interpretation Information on the Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway is available at the Park County Tourism Offi ce; Georgetown Visitor Information Center; Historic Georgetown, Inc., Georgetown Loop Railroad; South Platte Ranger District; and Clear Creek Ranger District. Existing interpretive materials include: • Interactive computer kiosks at the Heritage Visitors Center and Museum, Clear Creek Ranger District in Idaho Springs, and Georgetown Visitor Center. User-friendly, state-of-the art technology provides extensive information regarding the byway, its resources, and adjacent amenities. An interactive video was incorporated into the Clear Creek County Tourism Board’s web site in January 2001. • An auto tour guide, “Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway Tour Guide,” provided information on history, wildlife, ecosystems, and points of interest along the byway. It is out of print and unavailable. • A twenty-minute narrated fi lm, “Video of Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway,” focuses on the resources and ecology of the byway. • A brochure, “Destination Clear Creek County,” highlights the byway and is distributed throughout Clear Creek County at businesses and visitor centers. The brochure is also distributed at the Colorado Welcome Centers and other Front Range Visitor Centers. • A book for children, “Tracks Thru Time “—Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway,” is distributed throughout Clear Creek County and at Colorado Welcome Centers. The book provides entertainment and education with a signifi cant emphasis on the environment. • A free eight-card postcard packet of key spots along the byway, with a brief description on the back of each card, is available to the public at the Clear Creek County and Park County Visitor Centers. • Public Service Company’s interpretive display provides a detailed explanation of the history and function of the hydroelectric facility.

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• Wilderness trailhead interpretive signs explain rules, regulations, and user ethics in Mount Evans Wilderness • Interpretive wayside signs will be installed along the Byway as road construction in completed in the various phases.

Interpretive recommendations for existing or future facilities The primary reason for developing interpretive goals is to ensure that interpretation provided along the byway contributes to visitor experiences. The following criteria help determine interpretive relevance: • Do the materials offer a signifi cant interpretive message? • Does the interpretive story fi t with a signifi cant resource? • Do the interpretive materials complement or confl ict with the information at other sites? • Is the message unique? Is there a story, or just information? • Do the interpretive materials encourage the visitor to seek additional information?

Site inventory The table on the next two pages (table 1) lists locations along the byway that have been identifi ed as potential interpretive sites; describes the condition of the sites and the sign recommendations as this plan is fi nalized in October 2003; and summarizes the desired future interpretive content for each location. Interpretation will help visitors understand the signifi cance of what they are seeing, present ideas and stories suggested by the statements of signifi cance, and meet the goals and objectives of the Corridor Management Strategy. Other sites may be chosen later, based on changing goals and conditions.

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Table 1—Site Inventory Site Site Condition, Interpretive exhibit number description as of July 2008 topic or goal 1 Georgetown Visitor Visitor Center opened to Introduction and Center public in 2007; sign installed orientation to the byway. in permanent frame in 2007; exterior welcome and orientation porcelin enamel signage installed in spring 2008 2 Georgetown Overlook Sign installed in temporary Cultural and historic frame in 2004; sign may need overview of original town to be replaced due to damage. site. Frame requires new painting and mounting based on design guidelines. 3 Silver Dale Byway Three sign panels completed Welcome, introduction, Entrance and installed at site 4 in and orientation. Cultural 2004 (currently 2 panels and historic use of Silver are missing/stolen) Panel ale and contemporary, replacements purchased in low-impact, non-vehicular 2008 use. 4 Waldorf Road at 2 wayside interpretive Safety around abandoned Marshall Tunnel panels fabricated in 2008 mines; mining techniques; and to be installed after road overview of the construction is completed. watershed. 5 Clear Lake Two vertical panels installed Hydroelectric power in 2004. Panel may need generation and use; replacement recreation regulations. 6 Cabin Creek No change to date; site Hydroelectric power Hydroelectric needs major landscape and generation and use. development work. 7 Silver Dollar/Winter Kiosk constructed and 3 Diverse ecosystems; Recreation vertical panels installed in wildlife; user ethics; 2008. transition from human use to nature. 8 Guanella Pass Summit 5 panels installed along Tundra environments; trail in 2007; additional botanical and biological “welcome” panel for parking alpine adaptation; lot to be completed in 2008 wilderness etiquette; watchable wildlife. 9 Geologic Site Site construction and panel Avalanche chutes; completed. Kiosk needed. glacial remnants; talus Geologic panel re: sinkhole ecosystems; historic fabricated in 2008; recreation.

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10 Beaver Overlook Wayside exhibit completed Ecosystem transition; and to be installed after road wildlife; geology. construction. 11 Duck Creek Picnic Three panels completed Water quality; mining; Ground/Winter and mounted in temporary historic transportation; Closure framing. Panel replacements user ethics; winter purchased in 2008. recreation safety. 12 Abyss Trailhead 2 two panel kiosks for the Geology and land parking lot are planned; morphology related to the trailhead panels and welcome formation of grasslands to Guanella Pass and intro and to recreation. to interp trail panels were completed in 2008; FWHA to install kiosks. 13 Scott Gomer Waterfall No change to date; site Glacial moraines; needs major landscape and geologic landforms and development work. their life zones. 14 Three mile Trailhead No change to date; site Install trailhead needs major landscape and identifi cation. development work. 15 Whiteside Byway Three panels completed Welcome, introduction, Entrance and mounted in temporary and orientation.. framing, Panel replacements purchased in 2008.

Interpretive site priorities Priorities were established as High, Medium, and Low. Phases 1, 2, and 3 were established using the criteria described in this section. Table 2 (page 11) summarizes the priority and phase assignments of the sites. Phase 1 priorities were established by determining: • High- and medium-priority interpretive sites. • Best utilization of existing grant funding available for sign interpretation. • Locations where signs could be temporarily installed in metal frames until future road improvement projects have been completed. After site and road improvements, signs will be placed in rock bases that meet the standards of the Guanella Pass Design Guide. In order for all signs to meet the design guidelines established by the Guanella Pass Design Guide and in the event that the federal highways project does

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

not occur, additional funding will be pursued to permit the installation of rock stanchions at each of the byway sites. Phase 2 sites are: • High- and medium-priority sites that have additional requirements that must be completed before signs can be developed, such as site development, partnerships, and/or coordination of land jurisdiction. These sites include: Site 2: Georgetown Overlook Site 3: Silver Dale Byway Entrance (also part of phase 3) Site 5: Clear Lake Site 8: Guanella Pass Summit Site 10: Beaver Overlook Phase 3 sites are: • Low-priority sites that in some cases need additional environmental analysis, site work, or land management decisions. These sites include: Site 1: Georgetown Visitor Center Site 3: Silver Dale Byway Entrance (also part of phase 2) Site 4: Waldorf Road at Marshall Tunnel Site 6: Cabin Creek Hydroelectric Site 7: Silver Dollar/Winter Recreation Site 9: Geologic Site Site 12: Abyss Trailhead Site 13: Scott Gomer Waterfall Site 14: Three mile Trailhead Site 15: Whiteside Byway Entrance

Table 2—Interpretive Site Priorities

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Priority Site Phase M Site 1: Georgetown Visitor Center 3 M Site 2: Georgetown Overlook 2 H Site 3: Silver Dale Byway Entrance 2/3 L Site 4: Waldorf Road at Marshall Tunnel 3 M Site 5: Clear Lake 2 M Site 6: Cabin Creek Hydroelectric 3 L Site 7: Silver Dollar/Winter Recreation Site 3 H Site 8: Guanella Pass Summit 2 L Site 9: Geologic Site 3 M Site 10: Beaver Overlook 2 M Site 11: Duck Creek Picnic Ground/Winter 1 Recreation L Site 12: Abyss Trailhead 3 M Site 13: Scott Gomer Waterfall 3 L Site 14: Three mile Trailhead 3 H Site 15: Whiteside Byway Entrance 3

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Site Inventory Data

Site 1: Georgetown Visitor Center Coordinate with Historic Georgetown, Inc. Topics: Welcome, introduction, and orientation to Guanella Pass, focusing on the Clear Creek County side of the pass. Themes: Welcome to the Guanella Pass Historic and Scenic Byway, gateway to intimate mountain experiences and to Colorado-style recreation opportunities! Objectives—As a result of this exhibit, visitors will: • Recognize that many recreation activities occur along the byway corridor and determine the locations of recreation opportunities. • Be briefl y introduced to the major theme of the byway. • Become aware of the cultural and historic events that have contributed to the signifi cance of the byway. • Be educated in byway user etiquette. • Obtain information on road conditions, vehicle length limits, regulatory speed, designated parking and camping policies, and safe driving practices (downshifting while traveling downhill, etc.). • Understand that weather conditions can change rapidly and may vary drastically from the byway entrance to the top of Guanella Pass and that it is necessary to be prepared. • Know that additional byway information is provided at the Silver Dale Byway Entrance site (site 3; signs temporarily located at site 4). Existing condition: New visitor center completed in 2005, byway welcome sign installed in 2008. List of graphic needs: Byway orientation map, with historical, cultural, and life zones; time line with major interpretive sites highlighted. Notes/design instructions:

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Site 2: Georgetown Overlook Survey station: 38 + 100 Coordinate with Town of Georgetown. Topic: Cultural and historic use of Georgetown and overview of original town site. Themes: The landscape and natural features of this area were ideal attractions for prehistoric, historic, and modern settlers (human development and historic resources). Objectives—As a result of this exhibit, visitors will: • Understand the signifi cance of the Georgetown Silver Plume National Historic Landmark District. • Realize that the history of Georgetown dates back to the mid-1800s. • Recognize local landmarks (such as wagon roads and the Georgetown loop). • Appreciate and understand the attraction to this area, including changes in attraction qualities from mining to historic resources and recreation. • Be referred to the Georgetown Gateway Visitor Center (site 1) and the Silver Dale Byway Entrance (site 3) for additional information related to the byway (note: site 3 information temporarily located at site 4). Existing condition: Existing pull-out. Desired condition: Enhance overlook with interpretive information. List of graphic needs: Historical photos of Georgetown, historical map of area, peak-fi nder. Notes and design instructions: Sign installed in 2004 in temporary frame; sign may need replacement when road construction is completed due to sign material issues. Custom frame problems related to rusting needs to be ad- dressed. Signage recommendations: One sign, 24" × 36". Estimated cost:

Sign frame (1 @ $500) $500 Rock stanchion 3,500 Sign panel design (1 @ $2,900) 2,900 Fabrication and installation 1,250

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Site 3: Silver Dale Byway Entrance

Survey station: 34 + 120 Coordinate with Historic District Public Lands Commission, Town of George- town, and Historic Georgetown, Inc. Topics: Welcome, introduction, and orientation to Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway, focusing on the Clear Creek County side of the pass. Cultural and historic use of Silver Dale; contemporary low-impact, non-vehicular recreation opportunities. Themes: Human development; historic resources; recreation. Objectives—As a result of this exhibit, visitors will: • Understand and appreciate past mining activities and cultural and historic use of Silver Dale • Be educated in current use of this portion of the valley for pleasant, non-motorized summer and winter recreation (exhibit will include map of trails). • Realize that a loop trail system exists, providing for hiking, snow shoeing, and cross-country skiing. • Recognize that many recreation activities occur along the byway corridor and be able to locate these recreation opportunities. • Be introduced to the major theme of the byway. • Become aware of the cultural and historic events that have contributed to the signifi cance of Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway. • Be educated in byway user etiquette. • Obtain information on road conditions, vehicle length limits, regulatory speed, designated parking and camping policies, and safe driving practices (downshifting while traveling downhill, etc.). • Understand high-altitude safety issues (lightning, avalanche, etc.). • Understand that weather conditions can change rapidly and may vary drastically from the byway entrance to the top of Guanella Pass and that it is necessary to be prepared.

Notes and design instructions: 2 or the 3 panels have been sstolen. Frames need tamper-proofi ng screw system. Signs need to be replaced due to failure of fabrication materials . Existing condition: 3 panel installed in temporary kiosk in 2004 at site 4.

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Desired condition: Defi ne parking; provide a kiosk to establish the byway entrance; install approach signs. Because the parking area will not be constructed immediately, information and orientation signs will be temporarily installed below the Marshall Tunnel switchback (site 4). Graphic needs: Early photos of Silver Dale; map of trails. Notes and design instructions: Temporary metal-frame kiosk installed. Signage recommendations: Three-paneled kiosk with roof and rock base; until kiosks are installed, temporary sign for Silver Dale. Final work estimated cost:

Permanent kiosk construction $17,000 Temporary kiosk 1,500 Sign panel design (3 @ $2,900) 8,700 Fabrication and installation 3,750

Temporary entrance estimated cost (to be located at site 4):

Sign frame and installation $1,250

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Site 4: Waldorf Road at Marshall Tunnel

Survey station: 35 + 000 Safety Coordinate with Historic Georgetown, Inc., and Historic District Public Lands Commission. Topics: Safety around abandoned mines; mining development techniques; overview of the Leavenworth watershed. Guidelines for use, enjoyment, and protection of the Leavenworth/Waldorf area. Themes: Human development; historic resources; safety; scenic vista. Objectives—As a result of this exhibit, visitors will: • Understand that a large watershed drains into Leavenworth Creek, which is diverted around the Marshall Tunnel. • Recognize that extensive underground mining occurred beneath the hill. • Gain greater appreciation of human reliance upon the watershed. • Understand the effects of mine drainage on fi sh and aquatic resources. • Understand why special rules and guidelines are needed to protect this area. Existing condition: Safety hazard at entrance to Marshall Tunnel; current drainage is causing erosion of mine tailings into Leavenworth Creek. Two signs, 24" × 36", one on mining and one on water and the scenic vista of the watershed completed in 2007, to be installed upon completion of road construction. Desired condition: Improve drainage and safety Notes and design instructions: Signage recommendations: Estimated cost:

Temporary sign frames (2 @ $500) $1,000 Permanent rock stanchion 4,500 Sign panel design (2 @ $2,900) 5,800 Fabrication and installation (2 @ $1,250)) 2,500

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Site 5: Clear Lake

Survey station: Coordinate with Public Service Company of Colorado and USFS. Topic: Role of Clear Lake in electricity production for the Town of George- town. Themes: Serving the needs of urban society, hydroelectric power generation has been developed as a low-pollution solution to modern energy needs. Clear Lake provides a critical source of hydropower for the city of George- town, supporting the local community in the mountain environment, and demands some trade-offs in impacted habitat for fi sh and aquatic life. Objectives—As a result of this exhibit, visitors will: • Understand the role of Clear Lake in providing Georgetown with electricity and be referred to additional information at the Georgetown Energy Museum. • Realize that hydroelectric facilities have effects on fi sh and aquatic resources. • Recognize that only non-motorized boating exists and understand the rationale for this decision. Existing condition: Entrance sign, picnic area, and restroom facilities.Two duplicate (vertical) panels were installed at the site in spring 2004, located at the roadside and near the lake that provides signage that includes current information, refl ects the use of non-motorized boats on the lake, and clearly designates parking areas for people who come to fi sh. Desired condition:Recommend checking for replacement needs of these signs. Notes and design instructions: Signage recommendations: One sign, 24" × 36", low-profi le. Estimated cost: Temporary sign frame (1 @ $500) $500 Permanent rock stanchion 3,500 Sign panel design (1 @ $2,900) 2,900 Fabrication and installation (1 @ $1,250) 1,250

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Site 6: Cabin Creek Hydroelectric

Survey station: 30 + 800 Coordinate with Public Service Company of Colorado and USFS. Topic: Hydroelectric plant operations and water use. Themes: Serving the needs of urban society, hydroelectric power generation has been developed as a low-pollution solution to modern energy needs. Objectives—As a result of this exhibit, visitors will: • Have a better understanding of how electricity is generated for Front Range residents. • Recognize that the Clear Creek stream and watershed are a source of hydroelectric power. • Understand the consequences of human development on natural ecosystems. • Be directed to the Georgetown Energy Museum for additional information on how electricity is generated. • Recognize that this ecosystem provides habitat for the boreal toad, a threatened and endangered species. Existing condition: Existing interpretation is weathered and due for replacement. Topics include water use and how a hydroelectric pump works. Desired condition: Replace and update signs to meet architectural theme and design standards of the Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway. Remove all existing signage: the sign materials are outdated and will be inconsistent with the new byway signage. Also, the signs have signifi cant environmental damage, are outdated in appearance, are not historically signifi cant in terms of materials or information, and present some accessibility issues. Install new, temporary, 3-panel kiosk. Install new 3-panel rock-and-roof kiosk when all roadway and site work has been completed. Develop 3 new interpretive panels incorporating existing information and identifi cation, as well as additional information regarding hydroelectric power, fi shery management, and orientation to the Georgetown Visitor Center. List of graphic needs: Creation of all new graphic elements. Notes and design instructions: Requires a complete new site plan and reno- vation. Signage recommendations: 3 signs, in rock-and-roof kiosk.

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Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Cost estimates: This estimate makes the following assumptions: • 18% Forest Service Administrative fee, now required on all collection agreements. • The temporary kiosk consists of a prefabricated metal 3-panel kiosk, to serve until fi nal kiosks and stanchion materials are built and installed after federal highways roadwork is completed.

Sign frames for temporary kiosk $1,500 Permanent rock-and-roof kiosk construction 17,000 Sign panel design (assumes $3,200 for creation of 15,069 new illustrative artwork) Fabrication and installation of sign panels and 6,200 temporary kiosk Site development work 10,200

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Site 7: Silver Dollar/ Winter Closure Site

Survey station: 29 + 270 Topic: Wetlands and the surrounding forest provide habitat for threatened species, including the boreal toad and the lynx. Themes: A sensitive mountain landscape where human passing threatens to disrupt the fragile balance of native fl ora and fauna (botany; wildlife; diverse ecosystems; user ethics). Objectives—As a result of this exhibit, visitors will: • Recognize that this old-growth forest ecosystem is lynx habitat. • Receive orientation on low-impact camping practices and ways to “tread lightly on the land.” • Obtain information on road conditions and understand that the weather can change rapidly and may vary drastically from the campground to the top of Guanella Pass and that it is necessary to be prepared. • Be aware of avalanche hazards along the roadway. • Understand changes in land management policies over time. • Understand the rationale for winter closure and the resulting benefi ts for wildlife habitat. • Respect wildlife by not feeding them, keeping dogs on leashes, and viewing from a distance. Existing condition: Site construction completed kiosk installed in 2007, signs installed in 2008. Sign panels fabricated and installed in 2008. Desired condition: Install pay telephone for emergency winter use. Install toilet. Signage recommendations: Monitor for need to replace/maitain site and interpretive signs Estimated cost:

Kiosk construction $17,000 Sign panel design (3 @ $2,900) 8,700 Fabrication (3 @ $1,250) 3,750

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Site 8: Guanella Pass Summit

Survey station: 22 + 300 Topics: Tundra environments; botanical and biological alpine adaptation; wilderness etiquette; watchable wildlife; and winter closure. Themes: Challenges and opportunities invite visitors to tread lightly in this fragile area, where sensitive plants and wildlife withstand the adverse conditions of the high alpine environment (ecosystems; user ethics; scenic beauty). Objectives—As a result of this exhibit, visitors will: • Recognize tundra adaptation by plants and animals. • Realize the signifi cance for ptarmigan of willow carrs. (Use a zoom- in to discuss specifi c wildlife issues: ptarmigan migration; habitat destruction; current hunting; Native American hunting practices; etc.). • Learn about the role of the environment in creating the unique fl ora and fauna found in the area (e.g., glaciation formed this type of soil, which allows this type of plant to grow, which attracts this type of wildlife, etc.). • Learn that fens are a unique type of wetland community. • Identify peaks, landforms, and evidence of glaciation. • Understand the impact of human activity on fragile tundra. • Realize that human use of the wilderness is on the threshold of causing irreversible damage. • Understand where they are in relation to the headwaters of several watersheds. • Recognize the uniqueness of Guanella Pass and the responsibility we share to protect this area while we enjoy it. • Learn tips for wildlife photography. • Respect wildlife by not feeding, keeping dogs on leashes, and viewing from a distance. Existing condition: Two parking areas accommodate a total of 50 vehicles; shoulders of the road can accommodate an additional 100 to 150 vehicles. Braided social trails lead from the parking areas into Mount Evans Wilder- ness. 2008 update: this entire area has been reconstructed and rehabbed from 20050 2008 with roadwork still continuing. An interpretive trail leads to an overlook

Region 2 Updated August 2008 Center for Design & Interpretation 23 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan and 5 interpretive signs were installed in 2007 along the trail to address the above objectives with a panel for the parking lot completed in 2008. Desired condition: Expand the two existing parking lots and designate the north lot for long-term parking for Mount Bierstadt hikers (50-car capacity). Designate the south lot for short-term parking and summit viewing (58-car capacity and two vehicle-with-trailer sites). Both parking areas would include restrooms and benches or tables. Develop an interpretive boardwalk that encourages walking along the perimeter of the parking area and eliminates easy access to the subalpine and alpine tundra. Provide messages in each parking area that are appropriate to its primary user group: Wilderness recreation- ists (north) and non-Wilderness recreationsts and short-term users (south). List of graphic needs: Photos of tundra, and of fl ora and fauna (including lynx); illustration of landscape; peak-fi nder. Notes and design instructions: Site will undergo reconstruction in 2004. Interpretive signs completed to be installed after construction work has been fi nished. Signage recommendations: Five signs, 24" × 12", low-profi le horizontal format. Estimated cost:

Permanent rock stanchions (2 @ $4,500) $9,000 Sign panel design (5 @ $2,400) 12,000 Fabrication and installation of panels and frames 3,850

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Site 9: Geologic Site

Survey station:

Topics: Historical recreation; geology; and life zones. Theme: The movement of glaciers and the down cutting of streams have carved a breathtaking landscape with opportunities to explore and partake in high-country outdoor recreation adventures (geology; scenic beauty; ecosystems). Objectives—As a result of this exhibit, visitors will: • Understand how glaciers and erosion created the tarns, boulder fi elds, and glacial cirques. • Become aware of native wildlife adaptations to high elevation, through the example of the pika. • Be able to differentiate between private land and public land, and know to respect private property. Existing condition: Pullout construction completed in 2007. One signs fabricated in 2007. Desired condition: Need a kiosk at the site. Notes and design instructions: Needs further defi nition of site in construction phase. Estimated cost:

Temporary sign frames (2 @ $500) $1,000 Permanent rock stanchion 4,500 Sign panel design (2 @ $2,900) 5,800 Fabrication (2 @ $500) 1,000

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Site 10: Beaver Overlook

Survey station: 16 + 200 Topic: Vegetative patterns and their relationships to landforms and geology. Themes: The plants that fl ourish here today evolved over thousands of years as they adapted to this unique environment and climate. Objectives—As a result of this exhibit, visitors will: • Recognize changes in vegetation. • Recognize that slope, aspect, soil moisture, and symbiotic relationships determine why some vegetative species are always found together. • Identify the components of mature stream channels by recognizing the oxbows and meandering streams. Existing condition: New parking lot and boardwalk overlook installed in 2005. Interpetive sign reader rail (24” x 60”) fabricated for installation after road construction is completed. Desired condition: Maintain parking and install rock safety wall and interpretation. Estimated cost:

Temporary sign frames (3 @ $500) $1,500 Permanent rock stanchions (2 @ $3,500) 7,000 Sign panel design (3 @ $2,900) 8,700 Fabrication (3 @ $500) 1,500

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Site 11: Duck Creek Picnic Ground/Winter Recreation

Survey station: 12 + 030

Note: Entrance needs to be reconstructed to improve access from the north. Topics: Water quality; mining; historical transportation (wagon roads, Ute trails, railroad). Theme: The legacy of 19th-century mining infl uences recreation along the corridor today; roadways inherited from wagon trails, ghost towns that were once boom towns, and streams tainted with heavy metals from mining serve as lessons about the relationships between people and the land. Objectives—As a result of this exhibit, visitors will: • Recognize that the wagon road up to Geneva City leads to historic mining sites and smelters, and to places still affected by the impact of mining. • Understand that Duck Creek is a live creek, in comparison to Geneva Creek, which has been affected by heavy metals associated with the natural bedrock and with historic mining in its headwaters. • Recognize the various recreational uses available at this site. Obtain information about what types of uses are allowed; safety issues relating to snowmobiling; avalanche dangers; regulatory messages; and user ethics. • Gain orientation to the area, with the help of a map that shows roads, trails, and amenities and conveys the message that visitors need to stay on established routes. • Become aware of the existence of Native Americans in this area. • Understand the rationale for winter closure and the benefi ts that closure provides for wildlife habitat. Existing condition: Eight-site picnic area with vault toilet, water well, and information board. The picnic area is located in a dense stand of lodgepole pine. Minimal use. Signage for this site was originally completed in 2004, and new panels were updated and fabricated in 2008. Desired condition: Develop winter-closure parking area for approximately 20 spaces, including 3 vehicle-with-trailer spaces. Include telephone for emergency use and replace toilet facility.

Region 2 Updated August 2008 Center for Design & Interpretation 27 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

List of graphic needs: Historical photos of Geneva City; illustration that de- picts live versus dead streams; photos of various recreation users. Orientation maps. Notes and design instructions: Locations of signs will be affected by site reconstruction. Three 3’ x 2’ vertical signs that were installed in summer 2003 will be relocated in a rock-and-wood kiosk after the road construction has been completed. Signage recommendations: Vertical signs, 24" × 36", in rock-and-roof kiosk. Estimated cost:

Permanent rock-and-roof kiosk $17,000 Sign panel design 7,300 Fabrication (3 @ $500) 1,500

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Site 12: Abyss Trailhead

Survey station: 9 + 340 Topic: How geology and land morphology relate to the formation of grasslands for ranching and infl uence the location of recreation sites. Themes: Diverse landscapes shaped by geologic uplift and climate changes invited people into the high mountain valleys to explore for minerals and to establish intimate relationships with the land through ranching and recreation. Objectives—As a result of this exhibit, visitors will: • Learn about the role of the environment in creating the unique fl ora and fauna found in the area (e.g., glaciation formed this type of soil, which allows this type of plant to grow, which attracts this type of wildlife, etc.). • Identify mountain peaks in the vista and become aware of how trails and peaks got their names. • Recognize that human uses are dependent upon local resources and see how early transportation supported timber and milling in the area. • Recognize glacial moraines and understand how geology affects landforms and human uses of the land. • Receive information on low-impact camping practices and on ways to “tread lightly on the land.” • Connect historic names to their associations with local landmarks. Existing condition: Existing parking accommodates 35 to 40 vehicles. Plans underway in 2007 to develop wilderness trailhead and interpretive sign kiosks for the parking lot. Desired condition: Combine Abyss and Burning Bear parking areas and re- design the space to accommodate 45 vehicles. Provide restrooms and develop a Nature Walk Overlook Trailhead and interpretation, and provide benches along the trail. In 2008, sign panels for 2 kiosks were completed. One kiosk is to focus on the wilderness trailhead. The second kiosk provides a welcome and orientation map of the byway, and an introduction to the terminal moriane and geology of this hiking trail. List of graphic needs: Life-zone image; photos of ranching; illustration of stream profi le and gradient as they relate to geology.

Region 2 Updated August 2008 Center for Design & Interpretation 29 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Notes and design instructions: TBD. A site plan must precede interpretive work. Signage recommendations: Eight signs, 18" × 24", low-profi le. Estimated cost:

Metal frames (8 @ $300) $2,400 Permanent rock stanchions (3 @ $4,500) 13,500 Sign panel design (8 @ $1,450) 11,600 Fabrication (8 @ $500) 4,000

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Site 13: Scott Gomer Waterfall

Survey station: 8 + 470 Topics: Glacial moraines; geologic landforms; and life zones. Themes: Guanella Pass has been the setting of great geologic uplifts, the erosive forces of massive glaciers, and the down cutting of snow-fed streams, resulting in scenic vistas that continue to change under the forces of nature. Objectives—As a result of this exhibit, visitors will: • Recognize changes brought about by glaciers and other natural processes and human activities. • Learn about Scott Gomer’s signifi cance to the region. • Recognize changes in life zones and the associated indicator species, through examples of native tree and plant species. • Learn tips for wildlife photography. Existing condition: Parking for 2 vehicles on outside edge of sharp turn. There are safety concerns with this parking area. Desired condition: Upgrade parking to accommodate 5 to 10 vehicles just below the sharp curve and develop walking path to the falls. Accommodate an equestrian trail through the vicinity. List of graphic needs: Illustration of life zones; plants, trees, and mammals associated with geologic landforms. Notes and design instructions: Requires site planning. Signage recommendations: One sign, 24" × 36", low-profi le. Estimated cost:

Temporary sign frame (1 @ $500) $500 Permanent rock stanchion 3,500 Sign panel design (1 @ $2,900) 2,900 Fabrication (1 @ $500) 500

Region 2 Updated August 2008 Center for Design & Interpretation 31 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Obtain information on road conditions; vehicle length limits; regulatory speed; designated parking and camping policies; and other regulations, laws, and policies. Understand that weather conditions can change rapidly and may vary drastically from the byway entrance to the top of Guanella Pass and that it is necessary to be prepared.

Existing condition: Developed camping/picnic area. Three vertical signs are mounted in a temporary metal kiosk.

Desired condition: Install an interpretive kiosk to establish the entrance to the byway. Construct parking for approximately 15 vehicles, with 1 to 3 vehicle- with-trailer spaces. Install restrooms and approach signs.

List of graphic needs: Regional map; photos of people engaged in recreation, emphasizing practice of good ethics and safety; photos of recreation sites.

Notes and design instructions: Three-panel kiosk with rock-and-roof structure; use native stone.

Signage recommendations: Three signs.

Estimated cost: Permanent rock-and-roof kiosk 17,000 Sign panel design (3 @ $2,900) 8,700 Fabrication (3 @ $500) 1,500

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Plan Implementation and Site Prioritization

The Guanella Pass Interpretive Plan can be implemented in phases, depending on time, staffi ng, and fi nances. The next step in completing this interpretive plan will be to develop an implementation phase schedule that provides the following: Inventory of current media uses.

Evaluation of potential media options.

Prioritization and selection of media options.

Exhibit and media planning.

Fabrication and production of media.

On June 6, 2000, a Guanella Pass Interpretive Planning session that included representatives from federal and state agencies and local municipalities was held at the Forest Service Regional Offi ce. Based on the following criteria developed by the group, the interpretive sites were assigned priority levels for site completion (see table 2, on page 11).

Is it an existing site?

Is more than one agency or entity involved with the site development?

How important is the site for the purpose of promoting management objectives?

Will implementation correct resource damage?

Will implementation correct health and safety problems?

What is the status of funding for development of a site?

After high-priority sites have been completed, will a visitor have a good interpretive/educational opportunity even though some sites will not have been completed?

Region 2 Updated August 2008 Center for Design & Interpretation 33 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan Evaluation Strategies and Techniques

Pending media development, some of the following options can be utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of interpretation. While evaluation of any program is critical to its ongoing success, evaluation is often the most overlooked component of an interpretive plan. Evaluation of exhibits, programs, or any interpretive or educational endeavor provides a means for restructuring programs, and offers opportunities for growth. The methods suggested below provide several alternatives for evaluation and can be adapted for use with diverse projects and programs. The assessment of behavior, mood, or response to environmental conditions should be as unobtrusive as possible. The following are common methods em- ployed by environmental psychologists to study and record visitor responses to stimuli.

Unobtrusive Methods Unobtrusive methods apply measurement techniques that address the questions being asked. These methods are designed to minimize any disturbance of the setting and to generate data about real people in real environments. One disadvantage of using these techniques is that they may entail an invasion of privacy and a lack of informed consent on the visitors’ part. Observational techniques. Watch visitors and report their behavior and interactions in the setting. Document the data through recorded narratives, video cameras, photography, or written notes. Recorded results can be reviewed when time is available to log the data. Spreadsheets can be developed to log the number of occurrences of certain behaviors and what provoked them (whether positive or negative). Behavior mapping. Accurately record visitor actions at a particular place and time using a form that outlines occurrences based on location, time of day, age groups observed, backgrounds of visitors, and utilization of equipment and facilities. This technique may be used to predict the success or failure of new facilities. Accretion. Measure the physical evidence removed or left behind at a specifi c location. For example, data collection methods may include mapping trails formed by visitors when no trails are present (for future planning of trail locations), monitoring recycling at drop-off stations (or brochure recycling), quantifying the amount of trash or litter left behind, or other analysis of the many physical remnants of visitors.

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Obtrusive Methods Obtrusive methods commonly measure moods, thoughts, attitudes, and behavior by directly asking what visitors are thinking, how they feel, and what they would like to see or feel at a specifi c location. 1. Self-report measures. The following are common examples of self-report measures: Questionnaires. Questionnaires are distributed to visitors when they leave a site. The questionnaires may be mailed back anonymously, or fi lled out at the end of the visit and dropped in a collection spot. Questionnaires can be given to a large group at one time, with little skill needed to perform the data collection. Interpretation of responses is based on the judgment of the interviewer. Interviews. Interviews are conducted individually. Skill is required to interpret visitors’ responses and answer their questions. 2. Cognitive mapping. Visitors may be asked to draw a map showing the site they just visited, using up to 5 minutes. After each minute, the visitor is required to use a different color of pencil. The fi nal map shows the importance of certain areas to each visitor in order of value.

Wayside Exhibit Evaluation Checklist A checklist similar to the one on the next page could be used to measure the relative effectiveness of wayside exhibits in communicating a particular message to byway visitors. Checklists could be distributed individually to byway visitors at each wayside. For each checklist, blanks would be provided to answer questions “yes” or “no.” Adapted from the Wayside Exhibit Evaluation Checklist of Guidelines for Planning, Designing and Producing Wayside Exhibits, National Park Service, Harpers Ferry Center, Division of Way- side Exhibits, 1992.

Region 2 Updated August 2008 Center for Design & Interpretation 35 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

APPENDICES

Appendix A: Smithsonian Institution Exhibition Accessibility Checklist Appendix B: Helpful Hints for Interpretive Media Design Appendix C: Individual Service Plan (Blank Form and Sample) Appendix D: Completed Exhibit Panels and Installation Information

Region 2 Updated August 2008 Center for Design & Interpretation 37 APPENDIXGuanella A Pass - INTERPRETIVE Scenic and Historic Byway ▪PLANNING Revised Interpretive -Plan TOOL #3

Accessibility Guidelines

The Forest Service is strongly committed to ensuring that new or reconstructed facilities and associated constructed features are both accessible and appropriate to the setting. As an agency, we work to maximize accessibility using universal design, while protecting the resource and the natural settings that make outdoor recreation areas so attractive.

Background • The 1968 Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act require all facilities built, bought, rented, or leased with federal funds to be accessible. The 1988 Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards (UFAS) are the accessibility guidelines under ABA.

• The 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), requires accessibility for the facilities of state and local government services, public accommodations and transportation. The ADA does not apply to federally funded facilities or programs. The 1991 Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) are the accessibility guidelines under ADA.

• The ADA/ABA Accessibility Guidelines represent a merger of the ADA and ABA guidelines. The acronym for these new guidelines is ADAABAAG which is pronounced “Add-A- Bag”. Only new or altered facilities and sites are required to follow the new ADAABAAG.

• The Forest Service Outdoor Recreation Accessibility Guidelines (FSORAG) provide guidance for maximizing accessibility, while recognizing and protecting the unique characteristics of the natural setting of outdoor developed recreation sites. In addition, the FSORAG integrates the Forest Service policy of universal design to ensure the integration of all people, to the greatest extent possible, without separate access for people with disabilities.

General Guidelines 1. Involve people with disabilities in planning and design. 2. Include captioning on all fi lms/videos. Captioning must be visible when video is shown in public. 3. Make brochures available in alternate formats, including large print (18 point/.25” minimum height), and available in audio and computer disc format upon request. 4. Make web sites fully accessible in compliance with Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act. 5. Offer an accessibility guide, available in alternative formats, and include the guide on your web site. 6. Make sure all signage related to accessibility are appropriately posted and use appropriate language and terminology (i.e. “Accessible Parking” instead of “Handicap Parking,” etc.) 7. Use audio description in high use areas where visual media tells the story. 8. Provide written scripts wherever audio information is presented. 9. Create accessible routes to exhibits.

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan 10. Display content of information redundantly or in part – aurally, tactually, and visually. 11. Eliminate obstructions to viewing exhibits (i.e. high pedestals, railings, etc.) 12. Use high contrast colors and matte or low gloss fi nish. 13. Use large sans or slab serif, high contrast print. 14. All materials for distribution of examination are to be within the reach ranges stated in the accessibility guidelines –maximum forward reach of 48”, maximum side reach of 48”. All controls must operable with one closed fi st and force of no greater than 5 lbs. 15. Consider the “Cone of Vision” that will be the most visible to the most people.

Interesting Statistics! 11 million people are visually impaired, 5% are blind, and only 0.25% -0.35% actually read Braille. The 95% with low vision would benefi t most from large print (18 point).

Accessibility Web Sites � USDA Forest Service Recreation, Heritage, and Wilderness accessibility website, which includes links to many of the other accessibility websites: http://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/ programs/accessibility/ � National Center on Accessibility: http://www.ncaonline.org � U.S. Architectural & Transport. Barriers Compliance Board (www.access-board.gov) � U.S. Census Bureau (www.census.gov/hhes/www/disable.html) � Abledata (www.abledata.com) � International Disability Access Symbols (www.gag.org/resources/das.php) � Center for Universal Design (www.design.ncsu.edu:8120/cud/) � Trace Research & Development Center (www.trace.wisc.edu/index.html) � Project Action (www.projectaction.org) � Wilderness Inquiry (www.wildernessinquiry.org) � Benefi cial Designs www.benefi( cialdesigns.com/) � Disability & Business Tech. Assist. Centers (www.ncddr.org)

Region 2 Updated August 2008 Center for Design & Interpretation 39 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

APPENDIX B - INTERPRETIVE PLANNING - TOOL #4

Region 2 Interpretive Media Design Guidelines

The following are some basic guidelines for the preparation and design of interpretive media:

Guidelines Applicable to All Media

Accessibility � For specifi c guidelines on accessibility, see the Smithsonian Institution Accessibility Program, edited to conform to Forest Service Guidelines (http://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/ programs/accessibility/smithsonian.htm). � Also, refer to the Americans with Disabilities Act and Architectural Barriers Act (ADA/ ABA) Accessibility Guidelines (www.access-board.gov).

Color and Contrast • Use contrasting colors for text and background for ease of reading. Use the following websites to check your colors for those visually impaired or color blind. o http://www.vischeck.com/ o http://www.lighthouse.org/color_contrast.htm

Corporate Image • Incorporate Forest name, shield, FS Mission – Caring for the Land and Serving People and perhaps a forest “look” – i.e. representative pine branch that appears on all signs, brochures, etc. (See samples of such signs on website - http://fsweb.blackhills.r2.fs.fed.u s/r2dc/index.htm.)

Guidelines for Interpretive Panels (Note – many of these guidelines are applicable to brochures as well.)

Captions Captions for graphics can be used to meet learning objectives and capture the theme; some visitors look only at graphics so the graphic and its caption should be a learning opportunity on its own.

Layout/Design In general, signs should contain 1/3 graphics, 1/3 text, and 1/3 blank space.

Margins Margins on text should be fl ush on the left side and ragged on the right.

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan Mounting Height A mounting height of 24 to 30 inches with a 30 to 45 degree angle toward the viewers will be accessible to most visitors. The front edge height of low profi le exhibits should be 32”.

Site Compatibility Make sure the sign is compatible with the site, the Built Environment Image Guide (BEIG) and the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum classifi cation as far as color, size, frame, etc. It should enhance the site, not detract from it.

Simplicity The main body of text should be no more than two paragraphs of three or four short sentences. Keep text to no more than 150 words (up to 250 words maximum if using captions and smaller fonts for secondary text or captions).

Text The text should be written with the “3-30-3” rule in mind. You have 3 seconds to hook the visitor, 30 seconds if they are hooked, and 3 minutes if they are very interested. A sign should be designed and written so that it contains three levels of text with each level conveying a feeling of the theme, thus providing all visitors with an interpretive opportunity regardless of how long they stay. For example, a short title at the top of a sign might be the only text some visitors read, so it is important the learning objectives for the site be met to some degree even at the 3-second timeframe.

Titles The titles of a sign or brochure should be a statement of a theme. For example, “Salvaging Blowdown – A Treemendous Renewable Resource” sets the stage for talking about how trees are a renewable resource.

Typeface Use a sans, slab, or simple serif typeface, upper and lower case, with a minimum 18-point type size on signs. Titles: 72 – 60 point, Subtitles: 48 – 40 point, Body Text – 24 point, Captions: 18 point. (These sizes are suggested for the visually impaired by the National Park Service.)

Region 2 Updated August 2008 Center for Design & Interpretation 41 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan Design Resources

Creating Environmental Publications: A Guide to Writing and Designing for Interpreters and Environmental Educators. Zehr, Jeffery, Michael Gross and Ron Zimmerman. James Heintzman, consulting ed. Interpreter’s Handbook Series. Stevens Point, WI: UW-SP Foundation Press, Inc. 1994.

Exhibit Labels – An Interpretive Approach, by Beverly Serrell, AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, California. 1996.

Graphic Standards for Landscape Architects, Austin, Dunbar, Hulverson, and Todd; Von Norstrand Reinhold Co., New York.

Interpretation of Cultural and Natural Resources, by Douglas M. Knudson, Ted T. Cable, and Larry Beck, Venture Publishing, Inc., State College, PA. (814) 234-4561.

Interpretation for the 21st Century – Fifteen Guiding Principles for Interpreting Nature and Culture, by Larry Beck and Ted Cable, Sagamore Publishing, Champaign, IL.

Plae, Inc. Universal Access to Outdoor Recreation – A Design Guide. Berkeley, California: MIG Communications, 1993.

Scenic Byways – A Design Guide for Roadside Improvements, Yamada, Ostergaard, Jilbert, Brunswick, USDA Forest Service, San Dimas Technology and Development Center. July 2002.

Sign, Trails, and Wayside Exhibits Connecting People and Places, by Suzanne Trapp, Michael Gross and Ron Zimmerman, College of Natural Resources, UWSP, Stevens Point, WI 54481 (715) 346-2076.

Smithsonian Guidelines For Accessible Exhibition Design http://www.si.edu/opa/accessibility/ exdesign/contents.htm

The Interpreter’s Handbook, by Russell K. Grater, Southwest Parks and Monuments Association.

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan APPENDIX F

Individual Service Plan

Individual Service Plan - Sample

Region 2 Updated August 2008 Center for Design & Interpretation 43 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan INDIVIDUAL SERVICE PLAN

PROGRAM:

THEME:

OBJECTIVES: As a result of this program visitors will:

WHY:

HOW:

WHERE:

WHEN:

MATERIALS:

CONCERNS:

REFERENCES:

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

APPENDIX D - COMPLETED EXHIBITS AND INSTALLATION INFORMATION

Sign panels in place as of 8/08

Site #1 Georgetown Visitor Center

Region 2 Updated August 2008 Center for Design & Interpretation 45 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan Site # 2 Georgetown Overlook

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Region 2 Updated August 2008 Center for Design & Interpretation 47 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Site #3 Silverdale Byway Entrance

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

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Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Site #4 WaldorfGuanella Road Pass at MarshallScenic and Historic Tunnel Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Region 2 Updated August 2008 Center for Design & Interpretation 51 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan Site #5 Clear Lake

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan Site # 6 Cabin Creek Hydroelectric

Site #7 Silver Dollar/Winter Recreation

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Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

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Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

8 Guanella Pass Summit

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Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

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Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

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Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

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Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

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12 Abyss Trailhead (two kiosks, 2 panels each)

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Region 2 Updated August 2008 Center for Design & Interpretation 67 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan Site # 13 Scott Gomer Waterfall (no signs to date)

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan 14 Threemile Trailhead

Region 2 Updated August 2008 Center for Design & Interpretation 69 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan Site # 15 Whiteside Byway Portal (Grant side)

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 Guanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Region 2 Updated August 2008 Center for Design & Interpretation 71 Mounting and Design NarrativeGuanella Pass Scenic and Historic Byway ▪ Revised Interpretive Plan

Refer to Guanella Pass Historic and Scenic Byway Design Guidelines for additional information and design criteria.

Region 2 Center for Design & Interpretation Updated August 2008 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or familial status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotapes, etc.) should contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720- 2600 (voice or TDD). To fi le a complaint of discrimination, write USDA Offi ce of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Build- ing, 14th and Independence Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (202) 720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider.

USDA Forest Service Center for Design & Interpretation