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Cross-Transmission Studies with Eimeria Arizonensis-Like Oocysts

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Cross-Transmission Studies with Eimeria Arizonensis-Like Oocysts University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of 6-1992 Cross-Transmission Studies with Eimeria arizonensis-like Oocysts (Apicomplexa) in New World Rodents of the Genera Baiomys, Neotoma, Onychomys, Peromyscus, and Reithrodontomys (Muridae) Steve J. Upton Kansas State University Chris T. McAllister Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Cente Dianne B. Brillhart Kansas State University Donald W. Duszynski University of New Mexico, [email protected] Constance D. Wash University of New Mexico Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Upton, Steve J.; McAllister, Chris T.; Brillhart, Dianne B.; Duszynski, Donald W.; and Wash, Constance D., "Cross-Transmission Studies with Eimeria arizonensis-like Oocysts (Apicomplexa) in New World Rodents of the Genera Baiomys, Neotoma, Onychomys, Peromyscus, and Reithrodontomys (Muridae)" (1992). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 184. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/184 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. J. Parasitol., 78(3), 1992, p. 406-413 ? American Society of Parasitologists 1992 CROSS-TRANSMISSIONSTUDIES WITH EIMERIAARIZONENSIS-LIKE OOCYSTS (APICOMPLEXA) IN NEWWORLD RODENTS OF THEGENERA BAIOMYS, NEOTOMA, ONYCHOMYS,PEROMYSCUS, AND REITHRODONTOMYS(MURIDAE) Steve J. Upton, Chris T. McAllister*,Dianne B. Brillhart,Donald W. Duszynskit, and Constance D. Washt Divisionof Biology,Ackert Hall, Kansas State University,Manhattan, Kansas 66506 ABSTRACT: Cross-transmissionexperiments were performedusing oocysts of an Eimeria arizonensis-likecoc- cidian from Peromyscusleucopus and Peromyscustruei, an E. arizonensis-likecoccidian from Reithrodontomys fulvescens, Eimeria baiomysis and Eimeria taylori from Baiomys taylori, Eimeria albigulae from Neotoma albigula, and Eimeria onychomysisfrom Onychomysspp., between representativesof the above host genera. The E. arizonensis-likecoccidian from R. fulvescens infected Reithrodontomysmegalotis, Reithrodontomys montanus,and Peromyscusleucopus. Oocysts of E. arizonensisfrom P. leucopuscould be transmittedto both P. leucopusand R. megalotus.Oocysts of E. baiomysis and E. taylori infected only B. taylori. Oocysts of E. arizonensisfrom P. trueiinfected P. trueibut not Neotoma mexicana or Onychomysleucogaster. Oocysts of E. albigulaefrom N. albigulawere infective for N. mexicana but not for P. truei or 0. leucogaster.Oocysts of E. onychomysisfrom Onychomysspp. infected 0. leucogasterbut not N. mexicana or P. truei. These results demonstratethat Peromyscusand Reithrodontomys,genera known to be relatedvery closely evolutionarily,are capableof sharingE. arizonensis,whereas morphologically similar coccidians(E. albigulae,E. baiomysis,and E. onychomysis)from more distantly related hosts, are probablydistinct and more stenoxenous.This also is the first reportof coccidiansinfecting species of Reithrodontomys. Levine et al. (1957) named 10 new species of polar bodies; size, shape, texture of oocyst resid- Eimeria from 52 rodents representing 25 species uum) dependent upon the host in which it is in 8 genera caught on the north rim of the Grand found (Levine et al., 1957; Levine and Ivens, Canyon, Arizona. Three of these, Eimeria albig- 1960, 1963). In addition to morphological dif- ulae, Eimeria arizonensis, and Eimeria onycho- ferences between isolates of E. arizonensis from mysis, along with Eimeria baiomysis Levine, different host species, there are differences also Ivens, and Kruidenier, 1958, are similar or in- in the electromorph banding patterns between distinguishable morphologically, based on the populations of E. arizonensis from different host original descriptions and drawings, even though species (Reduker et al., 1987; Wash et al., 1990). they were found in rodents of several genera Originally described from Peromyscus truei (Levine et al., 1958; Kruidenier et al., 1960). (Shufeldt, 1885), E. arizonensis has been re- These 4 taxa were given separate specific epithets ported since not only to infect rodents of at least in the original descriptions, presumably based 4 other species of Peromyscus but also of Chae- on the traditional concept that rodent coccidia todipus and Dipodomys (Levine et al., 1957; Le- are highly host specific, at least within a given vine and Ivens, 1960, 1963; Ford et al., 1990). host genus. Since the original descriptions, pub- To complicate matters further, most redescrip- lished surveys and experimental studies have tions of E. arizonensis differ enough to suggest clouded the boundaries between these forms. For there may be multiple species confused as 1. Giv- example, E. arizonensis is reported to produce en the morphological similarities with the other oocysts that differ morphologically in several fea- 3 species, doubt can be cast on their validity as tures (oocyst wall smooth to pitted; number of separate species and several questions arise. First, is each form a valid, morphologically similar host- specific species? If not, do these constitute a sin- Received26 August1991; revised 1 November 1991; gle, highly euryxenous species? Or, finally, are accepted 1 November 1991. some of these where- * valid, host-specific species, Renal Metabolic Laboratory(151 -G), Department as others represent more euryxenous forms? The of VeteransAffairs Medical 4500 South Lan- Center, collections and cross-transmission caster Road, Dallas, Texas 75216. experiments t Departmentof Biology,The Universityof New Mex- described here attempt to alleviate some of the ico, Albuquerque,New Mexico 87131. confusion due the eimerians in murid hosts. 406 UPTONET AL.-CROSS-TRANSMISSIONSTUDIES WITH EIMERIA IN RODENTS 407 TABLE I. Wild-caughtmurid rodents from which oocysts of various Eimeria species were isolated to use in cross-transmissionexperiments. Collection Primary isolate Hosts Locality Date Eimerian isolated number Reithrodontomys fulvescens Hood Co., Texas April 1988 Eimeria arizonensis- 1 laceyi like Baiomys taylori taylori Dallas Co., Texas January 1990 Eimeria taylori 2 B. t. taylori Dallas Co., Texas March 1988 Eimeria baiomysis 3 B. t. taylori Dallas Co., Texas January 1990 E. baiomysis 4 B. t. taylori Johnson Co., Texas November 1987 E. baiomysis 5 Peromyscus leucopus leucopus Dallas Co., Texas April 1988 E. arizonensis-like 6 Peromyscus truei truei Sandoval Co., New Mexico August 1984 E. arizonensis-like 7 Neotoma albigula albigula Soccoro Co., New Mexico May 1982 Eimeria albigulae 8 Onychomys arenicola (2)* Hidalgo Co., New Mexico July 1981 Eimeria onychomysis 9* Onychomys leucogaster (3)* Motley Co., New Mexico May 1980 E. onychomysis 9* Onychomys torridus (3)* Hidalgo Co., New Mexico May 1983 E. onychomysis 9* * Oocysts from all 8 animals and 3 host species combined as 1 isolate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Morphologic comparisons Natural hosts and primary parasite isolates Measurementswere made on oocysts and sporocysts Feces and intestinal contents were collected from of E. arizonensis,E. arizonensis-likeoocysts, and E. wild-caughthosts of 5 genera representing6 species baiomysis using an ocular micrometer.All measure- (TableI). Feces fromhosts wereplaced in separatepetri ments, representingthe mean of 30 under a 100 x oil dishes in a thin layerof 2.5%(w/v) aqueouspotassium lens, are in micrometers(um) followed by the ranges dichromate(K2Cr207) and kept at ambient tempera- in parentheses.For E. arizonensisisolated from P. leu- ture (ca. 21-23 C) for 6-10 days to allow oocysts that copus, the 30 measurementswere taken from 10 oo- werepresent to sporulate.Eimerians isolated from these cysts from isolate 6 and 20 weretaken from isolate 6A. naturally infected hosts were used either directly as For E. arizonensis-likeoocysts, 10 oocysts measured inocula in cross-transmissionexperiments or were in- were from isolate 1 and 20 were from isolate 1A. For oculatedinto conspecificor congenericanimals to in- E. baiomysis, 10 oocysts were measuredfrom isolates creaseoocyst numbers.The resultingpools of oocysts 3, 4, and 5 each. For E. albigulaeand E. onychomysis, were designatedas 15 isolates (1, 1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, the oocysts in these isolates generally conformed to 6A, 7, 7A, 8, 8A, 9, 9A) (Table II). These oocyst iso- those describedby Levine et al. (1957). lates/fecalsuspensions were stored in refrigerators(4- 6 C) until they were used in experimentalinfections. Experimental inoculations The presumedidentity of each isolate, the host from All animalswere housed in plasticcages with prester- whichit was isolated,the recipienthost speciesto which ilized wood shavingsand given waterand commercial it was transferredexperimentally, the age and number rodent mash ad libitum. They were exposed to 12-hr of oocysts used as inoculum, and the consequenceof light/dark cycles in rooms maintained ca. 20-23 C. each experimentalinoculation are given in Table II. Priorto inoculation,oocysts of an isolate were washed 2-3 x in tap water,counted with a hemacytometer,and Secondary parasite isolates then inoculated per os by stomach tube into experi- Isolate 1A was collected
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