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Nadja Santos Vitoria NADJA SANTOS VITÓRIA DIVERSIDADE DE ASCOMYCOTA EM PALMEIRAS NATIVAS E EXÓTICAS EM ÁREAS DE MATA ATLÂNTICA NOS ESTADOS DA BAHIA E DE PERNAMBUCO RECIFE MARÇO/2012 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DEPARTAMENTO DE MICOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA DE FUNGOS DIVERSIDADE DE ASCOMYCOTA EM PALMEIRAS NATIVAS E EXÓTICAS EM ÁREAS DE MATA ATLÂNTICA NOS ESTADOS DA BAHIA E DE PERNAMBUCO NADJA SANTOS VITÓRIA Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia de Fungos do Departamento de Micologia do Centro de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Biologia de Fungos. Área de Concentração: Taxonomia de fungos Orientador: Dr. José Luiz Bezerra Co-orientadora: Dra. Maria Auxiliadora de Queiroz Cavalcanti RECIFE MARÇO/2012 Vitória, Nadja Santos Diversidade de Ascomycota em palmeiras nativas e exóticas em áreas de Mata Atlântica nos Estados da Bahia e de Pernambuco/ Nadja Santos Vitória. – Recife: O Autor, 2012. 220 folhas : il., fig., tab. Orientador: José Luiz Bezerra Coorientadora: Maria Auxiliadora de Queiroz Cavalcanti Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Biologia de Fungos, 2012. Inclui bibliografia 1. Ascomicetos 2. Palmeira 3. Mata Atlântica I. Bezerra, José Luiz II. Cavalcanti, Maria Auxiliadora de Queiroz III.Título. 579.56 CDD (22.ed.) UFPE/CCB-2012-185 DIVERSIDADE DE ASCOMYCOTA EM PALMEIRAS NATIVAS E EXÓTICAS EM ÁREAS DE MATA ATLÂNTICA NOS ESTADOS DA BAHIA E DE PERNAMNUCO NADJA SANTOS VITÓRIA Data da defesa: 01 de março de 2012 _____________________________________________________________________ Dr. José Luiz Bezerra – (Orientador) Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz _____________________________________________________________________ Dr. Gladstone Alves da Silva Universidade Federal de Pernambuco _____________________________________________________________________ Dra. Edna Dora Martins Newman Luz Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira-CEPLAC _____________________________________________________________________ Dra. Laise de Holanda Cavalcanti Andrade Universidade Federal de Pernambuco _____________________________________________________________________ Dr. Jadergudson Pereira Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Dedico Aos meus pais, Maria da Natividade e Arnaldo, as maiores inspirações da minha vida. Agradecimentos A Deus, meu porto seguro, por me ajudar a permanecer otimista nessa caminhada, transformando as dificuldades em força. Aos meus pais, Maria da Natividade e Arnaldo, pelo amor, paciência, ensinamentos, apoio incondicional e por toda a confiança que depositaram em mim, a minha mais profunda admiração. Ao Dr. José Luiz Bezerra, meu orientador, amigo e grande incentivador fossem quais fossem os obstáculos, o meu eterno agradecimento. À Dra. Maria Auxiliadora de Queiroz Cavalcanti, minha co-orientadora, pelo carinho, amizade e respeito. À Coordenação do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, composta pelas professoras Dra. Elaine Malosso e Dra. Leonor Costa Maia, pela oportunidade de realização do Curso de Doutorado. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) pela concessão da bolsa de Doutorado. À Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira (CEPLAC), Centro de Pesquisa do Cacau (CEPEC), Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna-Bahia, pela concessão dos laboratórios e equipamentos para desenvolver o meu trabalho de pesquisa. Aos demais professores e amigos do Departamento de Micologia pelo convívio agradável, incentivo e espírito de solidariedade. À Willian Araújo, meu noivo, pela atenção e carinho de sempre. Aos querido amigos Michelline Silvério, Moacir Paulo Alcântara, Nylber Augusto da Silva, Cristiane Lima, Leilson Lopes, Antônio Alves Pimenta Neto e Jeferson Araújo, pela inestimável ajuda durante as coletas realizadas em Pernambuco. Aos colegas e amigos da UFPE Michelline Silvério, Paúl Gamboa, Flávia Coutinho, Moacir Paulo Alcântara, Nylber Augusto da Silva, Rafael José Oliveira, Susane Chang, Odacy Souza, João Ricardo de Oliveira e Nadja Lopes pela grande amizade e momentos inesquecíveis dentro e fora da sala de aula. Aos amigos da CEPLAC Cristiane Duarte, Eliane Leal, Mariana Souza, Bruno Oliveira, Kátia Bezerra, Eduardo Catarino, Antônio Alves Pimenta Neto, Marcos Vinícios dos Santos e Tita pelos momentos maravilhosos que jamais esquecerei. À Dr. Karina Gramacho e Rogério Mercês pela prestimosa colaboração na adaptação da extração de DNA e amplificação de alguns espécimes de Ascomycota. À Cristiane Lima e Leilson Lopes, por me receberem em sua casa com tanto carinho na cidade do Recife-PE. À Thaís Emanuelle Feijó, Marcos Vinícios dos Santos e Dr. Jadergudson Pereira pela valiosa colaboração. À Dra. Michelline Silvério, Dra. Jane Fröhlich, Dra. Joane Taylor, Dr. Luis Gusmão, Dra. Flávia Rodrigues, Dr. Jadergudson Pereira e Alessandra Marques pelas referências bibliográficas. À Lindolfo Pereira (CEPLA/CEPEC), pelas análises estatísticas. Aos funcionários do IBAMA, pela liberação das autorizações para as coletas e aos responsáveis pelas áreas de coletas, pelas facilidades concedidas: Fábio, Walter e Façanha (Reserva Biológica de Saltinho-PE), Fábio e Elaine (Reserva Ecológica de Gurjaú-PE), Silvana (Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos-PE), José Inácio (Estação Experimental Lemos Maia-BA) e Marcelo (Parque Estadual da Serra do Condurú-BA). Aos mateiros e funcionários de campo, pela ajuda e conhecimento transmitido durante as coletas. A todos aqueles que, direta ou indiretamente, colaboraram para a realização deste trabalho. RESUMO GERAL Microfungos em palmeiras vem sendo estudados de forma mais intensiva nos últimos anos, principalmente na Austrália e em vários países asiáticos, constatando-se rica diversidade e o registro de numerosas espécies novas. No Brasil, a micobiota de representantes da família Arecaceae ainda é pouco conhecida devido à carência de estudos e de especialistas em taxonomia de fungos. Objetivando suprir essa lacuna, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos: a) identificar e isolar espécimes de Ascomycota coletados em palmeiras em áreas de Mata Atlântica nos estados da Bahia e de Pernambuco; b) comparar a diversidade entre os locais de coleta e hospedeiros botânicos e entre indivíduos da mesma espécie de hospedeiro; c) descrever e ilustrar os Ascomycota que constituem novos registros ou novas espécies para a ciência e d) elaborar chaves para os gêneros e espécies de Ascomycota sobre palmeiras no Brasil. De 24 coletas efetuadas em seis áreas de Mata Atlântica (três na Bahia e três em Pernambuco) foram identificadas 81 espécies de Ascomycota, distribuídas em 14 ordens, 22 famílias e 46 gêneros. Os fungos estudados compreendem 20 novas espécies para a ciência e 39 novos registros: 09 para as Américas, 22 para o Brasil, quatro para o Nordeste, dois para Pernambuco e dois para a Bahia. Os dados obtidos, neste estudo, ampliaram o conhecimento sobre os Ascomycota associados a indivíduos da família Arecaceae em áreas de Mata Atlântica bioma considerado internacionalmente como uma das áreas prioritárias do planeta em termos de diversidade biológica e grau de ameaça. Palavras-chave: Taxonomia, Biodiversidade, Sistemática, Arecaceae ABSTRACT Microfungi on palms have been recently studied intensively, mainly in Australia and several Asian countries, where a rich diversity and numerous new species have been recorded. In Brazil, the mycobiota of the family Arecaceae is poorly known due to scarcity of fungal taxonomists and consequent lack of studies. In order to narrow down this gap, this paper was done aiming to: a) identify and isolate the Ascomycota specimens collected from palm trees, in areas of Atlantic Forest in Bahia and Pernambuco states; b) compare the diversity among collection sites and hosts and between individual plants of same host species; c) describe and illustrate new records and new species of Ascomycota; d) provide keys to genera and species of Ascomycota on palm trees in Brazil. Of 24 collections conducted in six areas of Atlantic Forest (three in Bahia and three in Pernambuco) were identified 81 species of Ascomycota, belonging to 14 orders, 22 families and 46 genera. The fungi studied include 20 new species for science and 39 new records: 09 for the Americas, 22 for Brazil, four for the Northeast, two for Pernambuco and two for the Bahia. The data obtained in this study expanded knowledge on the Ascomycota associated with individuals in the family Arecaceae Atlantic Forest biome regarded internationally as one of the priority areas of the planet in terms of biological diversity and degree of threat. Key-words: Taxonomy, Fungal Diversity, Sistematic, Arecaceae Lista de figuras Pág. Figura 1 – Estrutura da folha: A. pinada. B. palmada.................................................................. 30 Figura 2 – Licuala grandis mostrando as folhas consideradas inteiras....................................... 30 Figura 3 – Palmeiras com caule subterrâneo, tornando-se aparentemente “acaule”: A. Attalea geraensis. B. A. humilis....................... ........................................................................................ 31 Figura 4 – Estrutura básica de uma palmeira............................................................................... 32 Figura 5 – A. Acrocomia intumescens : RESEC-PE (habitat natural). B. Attalea funifera: 05 ESMAI-BA (habitat natural).......................................................................................................
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