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BIM for BUILDING SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT Development of a Software Tool for Rainwater Runoff Mitigation

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BIM for BUILDING SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT Development of a Software Tool for Rainwater Runoff Mitigation BIM FOR BUILDING SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT Development of a software tool for Rainwater Runoff mitigation LUÍS PEDRO NEVES SANHUDO Dissertação submetida para satisfação parcial dos requisitos do grau de MESTRE EM ENGENHARIA CIVIL — ESPECIALIZAÇÃO EM CONSTRUÇÕES Orientador: Professor Doutor João Pedro da Silva Poças Martins JUNHO DE 2016 MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM ENGENHARIA CIVIL 2015/2016 DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA CIVIL Tel. +351-22-508 1901 Fax +351-22-508 1446 [email protected] Editado por FACULDADE DE ENGENHARIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200-465 PORTO Portugal Tel. +351-22-508 1400 Fax +351-22-508 1440 [email protected] http://www.fe.up.pt Reproduções parciais deste documento serão autorizadas na condição que seja mencionado o Autor e feita referência a Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Civil - 2015/2016 - Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal, 2016. As opiniões e informações incluídas neste documento representam unicamente o ponto de vista do respetivo Autor, não podendo o Editor aceitar qualquer responsabilidade legal ou outra em relação a erros ou omissões que possam existir. Este documento foi produzido a partir de versão eletrónica fornecida pelo respetivo Autor. BIM for Building Sustainability assessment Aos meus Pais, Irmã e Fabiana You never change things by fighting the existing reality. To change something, build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete. Buckminster Fuller BIM for Building Sustainability assessment BIM for Building Sustainability assessment ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Antes de mais, gostava de agradecer ao meu orientador e Professor ao longo de três anos João Pedro da Silva Poças Martins, por ter acreditado e, acima de tudo, investido o seu tempo e trabalho no tema que propus. Queria também agradecer por me ter ajudado, não só a expandir as minhas perspectivas profissionais, mas também a planear e fortalecer o meu currículo para aquela que espero ser a minha futura carreira. Foi um enorme prazer trabalhar consigo e tenho a certeza que não teria consigo atingir metade do que consegui sem a sua orientação. Obrigado ainda à Professora Cristina Maria Monteiro dos Santos por sempre esclarecer as minhas dúvidas de hidráulica. Obrigado pela vossa dedicação. À minha família, em especial à minha mãe, ao meu pai e à minha irmã, por todo o amor que recebi ao longo dos anos, pela educação que me deram e pelo apoio e motivação incondicional. Obrigado pelas oportunidades que me ofereceram, sei que sacrificaram muito para as proporcionar. Obrigado mãe, por seres a mulher mais trabalhadora que conheço (sim, todos sabemos que és tu que trabalhas mais lá em casa), por me ensinares a colocar o máximo empenho em tudo o que faça (apesar de talvez colocares demasiado empenho na escola), pelos dias a ensinar-me a misturar e graduar cores, e as noites a corrigir o meu tpc de matemática: são duas das minhas grandes paixões por uma razão. Desculpa não sair do quarto o dia todo e jogar demasiado tempo, mas a culpa é toda do pai! Obrigado pai, por sempre seres o melhor exemplo a seguir e por sempre pores os meus interesses à frente do teu descanso mesmo que isso te obrigue a trabalhar mil vezes mais noutras ocasiões. Obrigado por ajudares a mãe em todas as tarefas lá de casa (apesar de ela não o admitir) livrando-me de muito trabalho e por fazeres os melhores cachorros e hambúrgueres de Lever e arredores (também cozinhas muito bem mãe, mas é mais fácil enumerar os pratos do pai)! Obrigado por todas as boleias, pelas horas acumuladas à espera no carro e por me teres apresentado as outras minhas grandes paixões: jogos, filmes e séries! Obrigado Ana, por seres a melhor irmãzinha do Mundo. Obrigado por colaborares nas nossas brincadeiras ridículas quando eramos mais novos, por me proporcionares enormes pesadelos e por me dares conselhos estilísticos (desculpa as horas de sono perdidas) e amorosos. Obrigado por me ensinares a fazer os melhores resumos de sempre, por corrigires o meu horrível português e por me defenderes (quando não me acusavas) sempre que a mãe se chateava. Acreditem que se sempre atingi os objectivos a que me propus foi unicamente para vos orgulhar e tentar impressionar, apesar de nem sempre conseguir este último (“e os outros o que tiraram?”). À Na, por me apoiares e aconselhares em literalmente todas as decisões importantes que tomo, pelas horas a corrigir o português dos trabalhos que faço (apesar de já não ser preciso!), pelos dias inteiros de estudo em frente ao Skype (principalmente no dia anterior a um exame), por todos os 20 minutinhos antes de um teste e até por me incentivares a trabalhar mais e fazer exercício. Obrigado por me aceitares na tua vida mesmo sabendo que sou um grande cromo. Aos meus amiguinhos Civilis, em especial ao Bro, Pedro, Maeiro, Álvaro, Artur, Assunção, Sofia, Catarina, Cris e Sabença, obrigado por estarem lá durante as saídas à noite, durante as épocas de exames e naquelas incríveis tardes na esplanada de um café ou no relvado da FADEUP depois de um teste qualquer. Ao super grupinho dos Warm Hogs: Petreli, King, Dudu, Jatas, Mira, Foxy, Atomic, Tavira, Beagle, Pmosfet, Ecnaillo, Psycho, Clepclep, Fishy, Dartas, Charlie, Aquilez, Rick123, Zuga e Açores, por me distraírem (normalmente demasiado) da tese, pelas noitadas a jogar jogos de tabuleiro e por me aturarem mesmo quando “mando vir" com tudo e todos quando jogam horrivelmente mal. DODGE! Por último, mas não menos importante, obrigado Sérgio, por fazeres a minha irmã feliz e por me teres feito sentir que tinha um irmão mais velho. Luís Sanhudo i BIM for Building Sustainability assessment ii BIM for Building Sustainability assessment ABSTRACT By the end of the millennium, sustainability had become one of the World’s most discussed but arguably least understood topics. With the increasing awareness surrounding this topic, “sustainability” has been applied to most economic sectors. The building industry in particular has a considerable impact on the sustainable actions of our society, considering the immense amounts of resources consumed and the long lasting impact that most of its projects have on our environment (Ebert, Essig, and Hauser 2011). “These facts have prompted the creation of green building standards, certifications, and rating systems aimed at mitigating the impact of buildings on the natural environment through sustainable design” (Vierra 2014). However, although efforts have been made to clearly quantify a sustainable building, the complexity of this term and its outdated assessment, challenge the development of an easy and global evaluation of building sustainability. In this thesis, using Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) as an example for green certifications, these obstacles will be addressed by proposing a method that not only contributes to updating this assessment but also pursues the necessary flexibility to adapt it to different users. However, since sustainability is such a broad topic, this work aims to address a portion of this certification, drawing overall conclusions through the obtained results. This portion is related to stormwater runoff management, focusing on its quantity and quality related problems. Considering that Building Information Modeling (BIM) is also a rising topic in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry, this concept was applied in the development of a BIM- based software to solve the already identified problems. As such, this tool aims to offer a quick, effortless and, most importantly, intuitive way to evaluate the rainfall runoff of a building site, regardless of the building type, while also addressing low-impact development (LID) best managing practices (BMP) to correct it. In order to introduce these concepts, this thesis starts by exposing the state of the art and theoretical basis concerning these topics. Afterwards, the process of creating the software in Dynamo is thoroughly explained and finally, the designed software is applied to a case study in order to evaluate its performance and better demonstrate its capabilities. Based on the achieved results, relevant conclusions were retrieved regarding not only the software but also building sustainability assessments and its compatibility with BIM automation features. Through these conclusions it is possible to understand that most credits from these green certifications may easily be subject to automation using BIM, but also allowed for a deeper understanding regarding the necessity of a professional supervising the full process. During this work, conclusions regarding other subjects such as sustainable societies, visual programming languages (VPL) and the application end user were also drawn. Finally, this thesis contributed to the further study and develop of topics like BIM, Sustainability and Automation, even producing optimistic results that justify the continuation of its development in future works. KEYWORDS: Sustainability, LEED, BIM Automation, VPL, Rainwater Runoff. iii BIM for Building Sustainability assessment iv BIM for Building Sustainability assessment RESUMO No final do milénio, a sustentabilidade tornou-se num dos temas mais discutido no Mundo mas, discutivelmente, um dos menos compreendidos. Com a crescente consciencialização em torno deste tópico, o conceito de “sustentabilidade” começou a ser aplicado à maioria dos sectores económicos, com a indústria da construção em particular a ter um impacto considerável nas acções sustentáveis da nossa sociedade. Facto expectável quando são consideradas as enormes quantidades de recursos consumidos e o impacto de longa duração que a maioria dos produtos desta indústria tem sobre o meio ambiente (Ebert, Essig, and Hauser 2011). “Estes factos levaram à criação de normas de construção, certificações e sistemas de avaliação destinados a mitigar o impacto dos edifícios no ambiente natural através do design sustentável” (Vierra 2014). No entanto, embora tenham sido realizados vários esforços para claramente quantificar a sustentabilidade de um edifício, a complexidade deste termo e o seu método de avaliação retrógrado, desafiam uma fácil e global avaliação da sustentabilidade na construção.
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