Riverside Business Park Bakewell, Derbyshire • • Prepared for: - Litton Properties Ltd 1 Broomes Bars Pilsley Bakewell DE45 IPF Riverside Works, Bakewell Environmental impact Statement (Archaeology) Riverside Business Park Environmental Impact Statement [Impacts likely to affect archaeology] • Patrick Strange BSc PhD MIET CEng IHBC FSA July 2007 Forming Part of Consolidated Revised Submission in support of Outline Planning Application NPIDDD/II04/1221, P.4822 dated 19 November 2004 for Mixed Use Development Including Demolitions, Conversion and New Build to Provide Employment and Residential Uses at Riverside Business Park, Buxton Road, Bakewell And Application PP-00188428 dated 1 March 2007 for Renewal ofthe Full Planning Permission NPIDDD/0700/281 granted 7 March 2002 for the Creation of an Access Road and Bridge over the River to Riverside Business Park including an Environmental Impact Assessment in • accordance with the Town & Country Planning Acts Environment Impact Assessment Regulations 1999. Commissioned by:- Litton Properties Ltd 1 Broome's Barns Pilsley Bakewell DE45 IPF © 2007 Patrick Strange Riverside Works, Bakewell Environmental/mpact Statement (Archaeology) PREFACE • The site currently comprises around 225,178 sq ft (20,919 sq m) ofmixed BI, B2 and B8 space on a 1235 acre (5 hectare) site with over 50 tenants on 75 different tenancies, • The Business Park is situated to the north ofthe A6 Buxton Road and the River Wye, approx Y2 mile west of Bakewell town centre, The Park is contained entirely within the Peak District National Park, the eastern part is included within the Bakewell Conservation Area, • The outline planning application boundary (edged red) and Litton's total ownership • (edged blue, including the land for the new bridge access) are shown on the Existing Site Plan 'SD04049 (PL)AOOI D', • The site sits in the valley bottom and is physically and visually well contained by natural and man made features, To the north-east the site is surrounded by the remains of a Mill Race raised on an earth bank which once served Arkwright's original "Lumford Mill" - the Mill Race forms part of a Scheduled Ancient Monument and is therefore subject to the highest level ofprotection. Beyond the Mill Race, to the north, the site is contained physically and visually by a wooded slope. • To the east, the site is visually screened by existing trees, hedgerows and residential • properties off Holme Lane, It is this area which is part of the Bakewell Conservation Area. • From the South the site is visually contained by a combination of existing trees, the river, the A6 and a small complex ofbuildings (the former Cintride factory). • From the west the views into the site are limited by existing trees and hedge rows. • The buildings have been constructed at various times dating from 1777, the date of Richard Arkwright's 'Lumford Mill'. Other buildings date from the later 18 th and 19th © 2007 Patrick Strange It Riverside Works, Bakewell Environmental Impact Statement (Archaeology) Centuries, the Second World War and more modern buildings from the 1970's and 1980's. • There are two access points to the site, one over a listed bridge from the A6 to the south-east ofthe site and another along Holme Lane from the A6I9 road to the east. • The buildings on the site are many and varied ranging from brand new BI hybrid units to nigh on derelict timber sheds, Nonetheless the complex is the workplace for several hundred people and there is enormous potential as well as many possibilities for much more effective use of the site. These applications and the supporting Environmental Impact Assessment are the first stage in a concerted and focussed • attempt to unlock the potential and realise these possibilities. •' © 2007 Patrick Strange • • "- ('\ ~v(7'Z\! i.''-~l ~7,-j~\"\ ~f~' ( V?:~ «rJ" ~ Location Map A6 Bakewell 0 I---'~ 1__.-.... "1-'_.... .. .. _I" _... (IK~:_"O Riverside Works, Bakewell Environmenlallmpacl Statement (Archaeology) CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction 1.1 Site Location 1.2 Proposed Developments 2 Scoping & Baseline Studies 2.1 Historical Introduction 2 2.2 Recent Investigations ofthe Site 4 2.2.1 Introduction 4 2.2.2 Recent Evaluations 4 2.3 Summary ofArchaeological Context 5 2.4 Evaluation ofthe Archaeological Assets within the Development Site 6 2.4.1 Archaeological Assets Associated with the'Arkwright' Phases 6 2.4.2 Archaeological Assets Associated with the 'Mule Spinning' Phases 7 2.4.3 Archaeological Assets in the Wider Area ofthe Site 7 • 2.5 Potential Assets likely to be found in Further Investigation or likely to be at Risk from Development 11 2.5.1 Potential for Recovery ofAssets from Further Investigation 11 2.5.2 Assets likely to be at Risk from Development 12 3 Impact Prediction 12 3.1 Direct Impacts 12 3.1.1 The Scheduled Ancient Monument 12 3.1.2 The Listed Workshop Building 13 3.4 Impacts on the non-Protected Archaeological Assets 13 3.2 Indirect Impacts 13 3.2.1 The Listed Bridge and Listed Stone Facing to the Tail Race Culverts 13 3.3 Uncertain Impacts 14 • 3.3.1 The Proposed New Access Bridge from the A6 Road 14 4 Mitigation & Enhancement 14 4.1 Introduction 14 4.2 Buildings & Structures to be retained 14 4.2.1 The Listed Workshop Building 14 4.2.2 The Retort House & Chimney 14 4.3.3 The Mule Spinning Shed 15 4.4 The Site ofthe 1771 Mill Building and its Extensions 15 4.5 The 1771 Mill Ponds & Associated Structures 16 4.6 Other Mitigation Measures 16 5 References 16 © 2007 Patrick Strange i Riverside Works, Bakewell Environmental Impact Statement (Archaeology) FIGURES • FIGURE 1 Existing Site Plan FIGURE 2 Proposed Developments - MASTERPLAN 12 FIGURE 3 Composite Plan - 1825 Site Plan and Existing Site Plan FIGURE 4 Composite Plan - 1825 Site Plan and Proposed Development Plan FIGURE 5 Composite Plan - 1897 Site Plan and Existing Site Plan FIGURE 6 Composite Plan - 1897 Site Plan and Proposed Development Plan FIGURE 7 Composite Plan - ArchaeologicaIIy Sensitive Areas on the site of • the former Cotton spinning mills FIGURE 8 Schematic Layout ofBuildings erected by DP Battery Co. c.1970 FIGURE 9 Composite Plan - Archaeologically Sensitive Areas affected by later developments ofthe site © 2007 Patrick Strange ii Riverside Works, Bakewell Environmental Impact Statement (ArchaeologY) APPENDICES • APPENDIX 1 :- Patrick Strange. Archaeological Desktop Assessment. 2001 APPENDIX 2 :- Patrick Strange. Archaeological Desktop Assessment - Addendum. January 2003 APPENDIX 3 :- Patrick Strange. Results ofan Archaeological Field Evaluation. March 2004 APPENDIX 4 :- • Katherine Baker. ARCUS Report 1047.2 Archaeological Watching Brief. August 2006 APPENDIX 5 :- Patrick Strange. The Former Gas Works. October 2006 © 2007 Patrick Strange Riverside Works, Bakewell Environmental Impact Statement (Archaeology) 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 SITE LOCAnON The development site now known as Riverside Business Park, but formerly Lumford Mill, (SK 20 69, SK 21 69) extends over roughly 5 Ha. offormer riverside meadows lying to the north of the River Wye, mainly in the Parish of Bakewell but also including parts of Hassop and Ashford Parishes. Immediately downstream of the site is Holme Bridge, a medieval bridge and perhaps marking the site of the earlier Lompjorde (Hy3), or 'Ford in a woody valley' (K Cameron, Place Names ojDerbyshire, I, p33). The meadows upstream of the bridge continued to be called Great and Little Lumford, until the former was largely lost to industrial development from the 18 th century. • Topographically the site is constrained to the north by the steep hillside ofWorm Wood, and to the south by the now, in part, straightened course of the River Wye following extensive alterations made to it from 1777 by Richard Arkwright and his successors. Its former character here must have closely resembled that of the river meandering through meadows above Ashford and below Holme Bridge: present day boundaries between parishes are still represented by the historic former course ofthe river. The underlying solid geology is of limestone but here in the valley, alluvium must have covered much of the site before its development which now mainly comprises densely packed single-storey industrial buildings, the older buildings at the east end dating from the late 18th and 19th with those further west mainly ofmid 20th century and later. A late CI8 Listed bridge links the site \\-ith the A6 Bakewell to Buxton Road and an extension • ofthe narrow Holme Lane from the A619 Bakewell to Baslow Road provides an alternative access to the site. (FIGURE I) 1.2 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENTS The proposals, the subject ofthe Outline Application Plan and Masterplan Option 12, (FIGURE 2) envisage the demolition of most ofthe extant un-listed buildings on the site, in particular those which formed the extensive development following its acquisition by the DP Battery Co Ltd in 1898 (see FIGURE 8). Additionally the former mule-spinning shed of 1875-1881 and the major surviving pre-1898 building will, with the exception of its east elevation also be demolished. The former 'gas retort' house and its chimney of c.l840 is to be repaired and will be incorporated into the new developments. The principal constraints on © 2007 Patrick Strange I Riverside Works, Bakewell Environmental Impact Statement (Archaeology) the proposed development are those due to the Scheduled Ancient Monument comprising the former goyt feeding the water wheels of 1827 and 1852 and the associated culverts forming the tail race, the Listed 'Workshop' building ofc. I800, the Listed approach bridge from the A6 and the Listed stone facing over the tail races. See APPENDIX I, pp 27 - 29 for the Statutory Description of the Scheduled and Listed Archaeological Assets within and contiguous with the proposed development area. 2 SCOPING & BASELINE STUDIES 2.1 HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION The first powered (horse driven) cotton spinning mill had been established by Richard • Arkwright in Nottingham in 1769 to exploit his patented 'water frame' and the growing demand for spun cotton thread from the already established hosiery knitting industry in the East Midlands.