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PDF of the British Heritage Trail The British Period in Florida, 1763-1783 Florida and were now abandoned by Britain, Moultrie lamented: "What shall become of these poor unfortunate but virtuous people I cannot divine." Moultrie himself felt betrayed, charging that he and his family had been "turned adrift" to "again seek a resting place." The formal change of flags took place at the Plaza in St. Augustine on July 12, 1784. Spanish Governor Vizente Manuel de Zéspedes took charge of the government buildings and Fort St. Mark, restoring its former name, the Castillo de San Marcos. British governor Tonyn was among the last to leave East Florida, after remaining in the province to supervise the departure of thousands of disillusioned Loyalists. On November 10, 1785, Tonyn boarded Artist rendering of the British sloop Industry, which wrecked on a sandbar off St. Augustine in a troop transport bound for England, 1764 while carrying supplies for the British army garrison at the city. symbolizing the end of British (Image courtesy of the St. Augustine Lighthouse and Museum) rule in Florida. The flag of Spain Cornwallis and his 8,000-man army residence" and praised their would fly above the Castillo de San to General George Washington. participation in the surging economy Marcos for the next 36 years, when British delegates sent to Paris began based on exports of timber and naval it would be replaced in 1821 by the negotiating peace terms and the stores to Britain's Caribbean colonies. Stars and Stripes of the United States war in North America was ended. Tonyn's hopes for a "happy era" of America. It was eventually decided that East were ended in January 1783, when he Florida would become a sanctuary received news that peace negotiators for Loyalists from other British in Paris had agreed to end the provinces. Thousands of refugees War of American Independence. were transported from Savannah Twenty years after one war had and Charleston to St. Augustine and ended with Spanish Florida ceded provided emergency rations, tools to Great Britain, representatives of and seeds to plant provisions at the United States of America met unoccupied rural tracts. By the end with negotiators from Britain at the of December 1782, more than 6,000 Paris hotel rooms of Richard Oswald, refugees had arrived in East Florida, the London merchant and absentee and eventually the population owner of Mount Oswald Plantation increased to between 17,000 and in East Florida. Terms of the 1783 18,000 residents. Governor Patrick Treaty of Paris granted sovereignty Tonyn was elated by the rapid of East and West Florida to Spain. population increase, and predicted it Lieutenant Governor John would result in a "happy era for this Moultrie was devastated by the Ship’s bell from the “Storm Wreck,” a province." He was convinced that the news. Concerning the thousands British ship that wrecked off St. Augustine while carrying Loyalist refugees there from new settlers regarded East Florida of loyal subjects who had only Charleston, South Carolina in 1782. as a "safe asylum and permanent recently built settlements in East (Image courtesy of the St. Augustine Lighthouse and Museum) 6 North Central Region the Indian village of Cuscowilla days he had killed or driven off all “Inhabited by the Upper Creeks, located near this spot. His book, Indians and escaped slaves. Near Oldtown, often called Suwanee "TRAVELS...", provided the this spot, in April 1818, while on a Oldtown, was one of the largest earliest reliable account of North "seek and find" mission, Jackson and Indian villages in northern Florida. Florida landscape, flora, fauna and his army captured Indian traders In Andrew Jackson's punitive Indian life and his vivid images of Robert Armbrister and Alexander expedition into Florida in April, local scenes inspired Coleridge, Arbuthnot. They were British subjects 1818, Oldtown was captured. Wordsworth and Emerson.” who were supposed to be protected Most of the renegade Indians by a truce between England and the escaped, but Jackson caught Robert DIXIE COUNTY United States. Jackson had Arbuthnot Armbrister, a British subject, who hanged and Armbrister shot, which was tried and executed for aiding almost caused a war between the the Creeks in border raids into two countries. The Jackson Trail ran Georgia. This produced tension Horseshoe Beach alongside Highway 19, branching between the United States and Jackson Water Hole Park south to the coast on the west side Great Britain.” County Road 351 of what is now the Horseshoe Beach This small park, about 3 Road (Highway 351).” Although the miles from Horseshoe Beach, was marker indicates that Arbuthnot LEON COUNTY dedicated by the Dixie County was also captured in this area, he Historical Society in 1997 to was actually captured at St. Marks. commemorate the invasion of Tallahassee Spanish Florida in 1818, during the Goodwood Museum First Seminole War, by an American Old Town force commanded by General and Gardens “Oldtown” State Andrew Jackson. It is said to be the 1600 Miccosukee Road site of two wells dug by Jackson’s Historical Marker 850.877.4202 goodwoodmuseum.org troops. After seizing the fort at St. US 19 and County Road 349 Marks, Jackson’s force proceeded A second State Historical Marker Goodwood was established in through this area to attack Indian in Dixie County also relates to the the 1830s by the Croom family of villages near the Suwannee River. capture of British subject Robert North Carolina who moved to the It was also in this area that Robert Armbrister in this area by an Territory of Florida to start several Armbrister, a British adventurer American force during the First plantations in the region. By the living among the Indians, was Seminole War. The text reads: mid-1840s, the large and ornate main captured. Armbrister was taken house at Goodwood with its frescoed to St. Marks and executed by the Americans, along with another British subject, Alexander Arbuthnot. A State Historical Marker for “The Jackson Trail” is located in the park. The text reads: “On December 26, 1817, U.S. Secretary of War John C. Calhoun directed General Andrew Jackson to protect citizens trying to settle in Florida. Jackson arrived in Florida with the largest army ever to invade the state to date -- 2,000 Creek Warriors and 1,000 Georgia and Tennessee militiamen. After leaving Nashville, Tennessee, they traveled through Georgia and on to Florida, winding up in Suwannee-Old Town (now Dixie County). Jackson's goal was to remove the Indians, destroy their homes and confiscate their horses, cattle and food and slaves. In four The main house at Goodwood. (Image courtesy of Goodwood Museum and Gardens) 17 Northeast Region “Historic King’s Road by this name for many years. This British East Florida” crossing was used by the English Historical Marker when they made an old Timucuan Indian Trail into King's Road." Friendship Fountain, Museum Drive This location was used as a river The text of this marker reads: “The crossing site by Native Americans King's Road, built by the British prior and the Spanish prior to the to the American Revolution, began at British Period, and around 1740 the St. Mary's River, passed through the Spanish constructed a small Cowford (Jacksonville), crossed the St. fortification, Fort St. Nicholas, John's River, it is believed, at present on the south side of the river to day Liberty Street, approximately one protect the crossing. During the mile east of this marker, and continued British Period, this location was south to New Smyrna. During the an important connecting point Revolution, American troops used this on the King's Road where flatboat route to make attacks on British forces. British Period exhibit at the Museum of Science ferries carried travelers across the The most notable of these engagements and History, Jacksonville. St. Johns River. Too deep to ford was at Alligator Creek Bridge, 30 (Image courtesy of the Museum of Science and History) by wading, cattle crossed the river June 1778. Following this battle the Museum of Science by swimming or were transported invasion of Florida by American and History by ferry at this point, leading to the troops ceased.” This marker was 1025 Museum Circle designation of the area as Cowford erected in 1996 by the Florida State 904.396.6674 (sometimes referred to as Cow Society of the Daughters of the themosh.org Ford). Cowford was the site of a American Revolution. The mission of the Museum of conference held in 1775 between Science and History is to increase the British and Florida Native knowledge and understanding Americans to solidify their alliance. of the natural environment During the American Revolution, and history of Jacksonville and the British erected a redoubt at northeast Florida. A permanent Cowford which was garrisoned by exhibit, titled "Currents of Time," a small detachment of British army presents 12,000 years of regional regulars. In 1822, the area was history, including the British renamed Jacksonville in honor of King's Road Monument, Jacksonville. Period. It includes displays with Andrew Jackson, the first American (Image courtesy of Vale Fillmon, dioramas and period artifacts Florida State Historical Marker Program) military governor of Florida. relating to British East and West King’s Road Monument Florida, British plantations, and the Northeast corner of Hemming Plaza American Revolution. In 1928, the Jacksonville Chapter of the Daughters of the American “Site of Cow Ford” Revolution (DAR) erected a small State Historical Marker monument commemorating the King’s Corner of East Bay Street Road in downtown Jacksonville. The and South Liberty Street monument consists of a coquina slab with The text of this marker reads: an attached bronze plaque decorated with “This narrow part of the St.
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