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Election Security: Stakeholders' Perspectives ELECTION SECURITY: STAKEHOLDERS' PERSPECTIVES Edited by 'Lai Olurode Contents Foreword vii © Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) and Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES), Nigeria Acknowledgements ix ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Addresses at Workshop on Election Security: Stakeholders' Perspectives at Ikogosi Resort, Ekiti State on 26th and 27th May, 2014, by: xi No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying and recording or by an Resident Representative, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission from the publishers and authors. Seija Sturies xiii Resident Electoral Commissioner, Independent ISBN: National Electoral Commission, Ekiti State Hussaini Halilu Pai xvii Representative of the National Security Adviser Published in 2014 by Friedrich-Ebert¬-Stiftung (FES) Layiwola Laseinde xxi Abuja, Nigeria Representative of Inspector-General of Police Mike Zuokumor xxv Printed by Representative of Commandant General, Nigeria Eddy Asae Nigeria Press Security and Civil Defence Corps Contact Number: +234-(0) 8023 251 446 +234- (0) 8060 182 441 Evans Ewurum xxvii President, Nigeria Union of Road Transport Workers Alhaji Usman Yasin Najeeem xxxi iii Chairman, Board of the Electoral Institute Appendix I: Communique 109 'Lai Olurode xxxv Appendix II: Review of the Book Election Security in Chairman, Independent National Electoral Nigeria Matters Arising 115 Commission Shehu Mohammad Attahiru Jega xxxvii Tables Acronyms and Abbreviations xli 1: Human Development Index trends, 1980-2013 3 1a: Countries with Very High Human Development Index 3 Chapter One: Introduction 1 1b: Some Countries with Very Low Human Development 4 Lai Olurode 2: Historical Comparison of Corruption Perception Chapter Two: Stakeholders and the Electoral Process Index of Some Countries 1988 to 2013 8 in Nigeria 25 Attahiru Jega Figure: The Space of Election Governance 29 Chapter Three: Understanding “Power Brokers”: Notes on Authors 135 The Road Transport Workers Union in the Context of Election Security 43 Index 137 'Lai Olurode Chapter Four: Drug Use and Elections 65 Jadi Suleiman Chapter Five: The Role of Transport Unions in Election Security 81 Iyiola Oni Chapter Six: Synopsis of Findings from Focus Group Discussions 95 Stakeholders Chapter Seven: Conclusions 105 iv v Foreword This publication is the product of an Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) and Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) workshop 'Election Security: Stakeholders' Perspectives' in Ikogosi, Ekiti State, in May 2014. The workshop was attended by stakeholders in the electoral process to discuss and understand the perception of non-state actors of election security. It is unfortunate that the desperate acts of some politicians in collaboration with mostly the youths have continued to endanger the electoral process that should ordinarily bring them to power based on the decisions of the electorates through the votes the desirable factor of democracy. Elections that are free, fair and credible are speculated to usher in competent/reliable leaders that will pilot the affairs of society and consequently contribute to the progress and development of the society. This has remained one of our major targets. The stakeholders and in particular the National Union of Road Transport Workers (NURTW) and other transport unions which have played visibly huge roles most likely because of predominance of the youths in the unions in elections in Nigeria are encouraged to contribute positively in the electoral process. INEC has expressed understanding of their relevance and stated the need to actively involve these stakeholders in order for them to contribute to secured elections. It is our desire that this publication serves as a useful resource for the general public and all who have a stake in the electoral process in Nigeria as we all work towards the consolidation of democracy in Nigeria. We hope it awakens the consciousness of every citizen, groups and collaborating partners that they are all stakeholders in the process of elections and that the transport unions can play positive roles in the process. vi vii The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) has remained committed in its efforts to support and contribute to establishing and sustaining democracy and Acknowledgements good governance around the world. In line with this commitment and our ongoing efforts in promoting democracy in Nigeria, we have been The planning and execution of any workshop require the pooling of the collaborating with the INEC to ensure better management of Nigeria's services and expertise of many resourceful individuals. The publication of electoral process. manuscripts emanating from such an endeavour extends access to information and simultaneously elongates the impact of messages of such We hope you enjoy reading the book! deserving and selfless individuals. This workshop is no exception and has offered an opportunity of compiling the ideas of people of diverse Seija Sturies Resident Representative backgrounds. Some individuals and institutions featured in all the stages of Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES), Nigeria. the workshop. The partnership between the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) and Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES), a German foundation, has come a long way. FES's contributions to research works on election security in our country is unprecedented. The Resident Representative of the German foundation, Seija Sturies and its Programme Officer, Juliana Anosike, continue to display and sustain an enthusiasm that is patently patriotic and unpatronizing. FES allows us the freedom to frame our research agenda and the corresponding methodologies to execute them. We remain appreciative of their partnership and support. The FES team is consistently friendly and supportive of our endeavours for the delivery of effective electoral services. As our partnership grows, and as we leverage our election project with the findings from our research collaboration, the fight against election insecurity is being won. The Chairman of INEC, Professor Attahiru Jega, continues to project leadership styles that are compatible with an electoral bureaucracy that is research and science driven. As long as an idea will add value, he galvanizes the Commission in that direction. We commend and appreciate his commitment. Providence has a place in what we do as a commission the viii ix scientific component of our limited success story as an Election Management Body (EMB) is self-evident. Of course, election management is not all about science. Discretion has a role to play since a situation may arise in the field that was never in the contemplation of laws and rules guiding the electoral process. We remain grateful to Dr Ishmael Igbani for the active role he played during the workshop in Ikogosi, Ekiti State. The Resident Electoral Commissioners Addresses at the for Ekiti and Osun states, Alhaji Halilu Hussein Pai and Ambassador Rufus Akeju respectively, and their staff were present at the workshop and they Workshop on Election Security: contributed meaningfully to the success of the meeting. The resource persons, security agents and all the staff in my office and in the security Stakeholders' Perspectives. department are acknowledged. Our gratitude goes to Ishaq Sanni, Chukwuemeka Nwachukwu and Rabiu M. Abdul. Their diverse roles Organized by contributed to the success of the workshop and the compilation of this work. Chizoba Vivian Nwuzor provided copyediting support. On behalf of the Commission, INEC, I say, “We appreciate you all.” Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Nigeria and 'Lai Olurode National Commissioner Independent National Electoral Commission, Independent National Electoral Commission Nigeria October, 2014 Ekiti State, Ikogosi Warm Springs Resort 26th and 27th May, 2014 x xi Welcome Remarks by Seija Sturies, Resident Representative, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Protocol The INEC Chairman represented by Professor Olurode, Ambassador Layiwola Laseinde, representative of the National Security Adviser, DIG Mike Zuokumor, representing the Inspector General of Police, Evans Enwerem, Deputy Commandant General, Operations representing the Commandant General, Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC), Alhaji Halilu Pai, Resident Electoral Commissioner Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), Ekiti State, Members of the Inter-agency Committee on Election Security (ICCES), Representative of the President of the National Union of Road Transport Workers (NURTW), Comrade Kolawole Joel, Members of the Road Transport Workers Union, Okada Riders and Youths of Political Parties, Gentlemen of the Press, Ladies and Gentlemen: I welcome all to this workshop on 'Election Security: 'Stakeholders' Perspectives' organised by the Independent National Electoral Commission and our organisation Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. I am delighted and feel honoured to see you all. I would like to welcome especially those of us that travelled a long distance (from Sokoto, Abuja, Osun) by air and by road to join us in this workshop. From personal experience, I can tell you that it was not easy; however I am excited, and can say that I am hopeful that it will be worth the time and all that we have sacrificed to attend the workshop. xii xiii Seija Sturies Election Security: Stakeholders' Perspectives In ensuring the credibility of any election and the legitimacy of any Alhaji Pai. We are happy working with you for this project. Thank
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