Sleep Quality and Physical Activity As Predictors of Mental Wellbeing Variance in Older Adults During COVID-19 Lockdown: ECLB COVID-19 International Online Survey
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Sleep Quality and Physical Activity as Predictors of Mental Wellbeing Variance in Older Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown: ECLB COVID-19 International Online Survey Khaled Trabelsi 1,2,† , Achraf Ammar 3,4,*,† , Liwa Masmoudi 1,2, Omar Boukhris 1,5 , Hamdi Chtourou 1,5 , Bassem Bouaziz 6 , Michael Brach 7, Ellen Bentlage 7 , Daniella How 7, Mona Ahmed 7, Patrick Mueller 8,9, Notger Mueller 8,9, Hsen Hsouna 1,5, Yousri Elghoul 1,2, Mohamed Romdhani 5, Omar Hammouda 1,4, Laisa Liane Paineiras-Domingos 10,11 , Annemarie Braakman-Jansen 12, Christian Wrede 12 , Sofia Bastoni 12,13, Carlos Soares Pernambuco 14, Leonardo Jose Mataruna-Dos-Santos 15 , Morteza Taheri 16 , Khadijeh Irandoust 16, Nicola L. Bragazzi 17,18 , Jana Strahler 19 , Jad Adrian Washif 20, Albina Andreeva 21, Stephen J. Bailey 22, Jarred Acton 22, Emma Mitchell 22, Nicholas T. Bott 23 , Faiez Gargouri 6, Lotfi Chaari 24, Hadj Batatia 24, Samira C. Khoshnami 25, Evangelia Samara 26, Vasiliki Zisi 27, Parasanth Sankar 28 , Waseem N. Ahmed 29, Gamal Mohamed Ali 30, Osama Abdelkarim 30,31, Mohamed Jarraya 1, Kais El Abed 1, Wassim Moalla 1, Nafaa Souissi 1, Asma Aloui 5, Nizar Souissi 5, Lisette Van Gemert-Pijnen 12, Bryan L. Riemann 32 , Laurel Riemann 33, Jan Delhey 34, Jonathan Gómez-Raja 35 , Monique Epstein 36, Robbert Sanderman 37, Sebastian Schulz 38, Achim Jerg 38, Ramzi Al-Horani 39, Taysir Mansi 40, Ismail Dergaa 41, Mohamed Jmail 42, Fernando Barbosa 43, Fernando Ferreira-Santos 43 , Boštjan Šimuniˇc 44, Rado Pišot 44, Saša Pišot 44 , Andrea Gaggioli 45, Jürgen Steinacker 38 , Piotr Zmijewski 46, Christian Apfelbacher 47, Jordan M. Glenn 48,‡, Aïmen Khacharem 49,‡, Cain C.T. Clark 50,‡ , Helmi Ben Saad 51,‡, Karim Chamari 52,53,‡, Tarak Driss 4,‡, Anita Hoekelmann 3,‡ and on behalf of the ECLB-COVID19 Consortium 3 1 High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; [email protected] (K.T.); [email protected] (L.M.); [email protected] (O.B.); [email protected] (H.C.); [email protected] (H.H.); [email protected] (Y.E.); [email protected] (O.H.); [email protected] (M.J.); [email protected] (K.E.A.); [email protected] (W.M.); [email protected] (N.S.) 2 Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia 3 Institute of Sport Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; [email protected] 4 Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France; [email protected] 5 Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; [email protected] (M.R.); [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (N.S.) Citation: Trabelsi, K.; Ammar, A.; 6 Multimedia InfoRmation Systems and Advanced Computing Laboratory (MIRACL), Higher Institute of Masmoudi, L.; Boukhris, O.; Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; Chtourou, H.; Bouaziz, B.; Brach, M.; [email protected] (B.B.); [email protected] (F.G.) 7 Bentlage, E.; How, D.; Ahmed, M.; Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; et al. Sleep Quality and Physical [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (E.B.); [email protected] (D.H.); [email protected] (M.A.) Activity as Predictors of Mental 8 Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Wellbeing Variance in Older Adults 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; [email protected] (P.M.); [email protected] (N.M.) during COVID-19 Lockdown: ECLB 9 Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany COVID-19 International Online 10 Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil; [email protected] Health 2021, 18, 4329. https:// 11 Departamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade Bezerra de Araújo, Rio de Janeiro 23052-180, Brazil 12 doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084329 Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, 7522 Enschede, The Netherlands; [email protected] (A.B.-J.); [email protected] (C.W.); sofi[email protected] (S.B.); Academic Editor: Frank Eves [email protected] (L.V.G.-P.) 13 Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milano, Italy 14 Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 20261-063, Brasil; Received: 7 March 2021 [email protected] Accepted: 16 April 2021 15 Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Management, Canadian University of Dubai, Dubai 117781, Published: 19 April 2021 United Arab Emirates; [email protected] Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4329. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084329 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4329 2 of 18 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral 16 Faculty of Social Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran; with regard to jurisdictional claims in [email protected] (M.T.); [email protected] (K.I.) 17 published maps and institutional affil- Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, iations. Italy; [email protected] 18 Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada 19 Department of Psychology and Sport Science, University of Gießen, 35394 Gießen, Germany; [email protected] 20 Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Sports Performance Division, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. [email protected] 21 Department of Sports Biomechanics, Moscow Center of Advanced Sport Technologies, 129272 Moscow, This article is an open access article Russia; [email protected] distributed under the terms and 22 School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough E11 3TU, UK; conditions of the Creative Commons [email protected] (S.J.B.); [email protected] (J.A.); [email protected] (E.M.) Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// 23 Clinical Excellence Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ Stanford, CA 94305, USA; [email protected] 4.0/). 24 Computer Science Department, University of Toulouse, IRIT-INP-ENSEEIHT (UMR 5505), BP 7122 Toulouse, France; chaari.lotfi@gmail.com (L.C.); [email protected] (H.B.) 25 UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France; [email protected] 26 Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece; [email protected] 27 Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Thessaly, 421 00 Trikala, Greece; [email protected] 28 Consultant in Internal Medicine and Diabetes, MGM Muthoot Hospitals Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689645, India; [email protected] 29 Consultant Family Physician, CRAFT Hospital and Research Centre, Kodungallur, Kerala 680664, India; [email protected] 30 Faculty of Physical Education, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; [email protected] (G.M.A.); [email protected] (O.A.) 31 Institute for Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruher, Germany 32 Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA; [email protected] 33 PharmD, BCBS, PharmIAD, Inc., Savannah, GA 30458, USA; [email protected] 34 Institute of Social Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; [email protected] 35 FundeSalud, Department of Health and Social Services, Government of Extremadura, 06800 Merida, Spain; [email protected] 36 The E-Senior Association, 75020 Paris, France; [email protected] 37 Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands; [email protected] 38 Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany; [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (A.J.); [email protected] (J.S.) 39 Department of Exercise Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan; [email protected] 40 Faculty of Physical Education, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; [email protected] 41 PHCC, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; [email protected] 42 Digital Research Centre of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; [email protected] 43 Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; [email protected] (F.B.); [email protected] (F.F.-S.) 44 Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; [email protected] (B.Š.); [email protected] (R.P.); [email protected] (S.P.) 45 Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart I UNICATT, 20123 Milano, Italy; [email protected] 46 Faculty of Physical Education,