Supported By

Supported by

Opening remark of the SPC 2021 By the President of the Thai Physics Society

Honorary guests, participants, ladies and gentlemen,

This year, we have accepted about 184 registrations from participants to join our full on-line meeting. There are 25 invited speakers, 76 oral presentations and 83 poster presentations in 21 specialized fields in Physics. I would like to express my sincerely thanks to our co-host institute, Prince of Songkla University for their hard work and well preparation to neaten the SPC 2021. The advancement in Physics both pure and applied Physics for the 21st century has enhanced the roles of Physics in advancing the new knowledge, new discoveries, new applications and innovations to various business sectors and industries. Physicists have made the first detection of neutrinos that can be traced to carbon-nitrogen-oxygen fusions inside the sun or as we know well as the CNO-cycle. There are several sites of the neutrinos detectors in the world that contribute such an important discovery in Physics and one of the important site for the neutrino experiments using the Kamiokande detector and its successor, Super-Kamiokande at the Institute for Cosmic Radiation Research in Japan. This year, at the SPC 2021, it is our great honor and pride to have Professor Takaaki Kajita, who was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2015 on the neutrino experiments as our keynote speaker today. On behalf of the organizing committee, we feel deeply appreciate to Professor Takaaki Kajita for your kind acceptance to our invitation.

And, last but not least, I would like to thank all our cooperative institutes and sponsors for making the SPC 2021 possible today and your continuous support would be a stronghold in strengthening and keeping sustainability of our Physics community in the future. Now, it’s time for me to declare the Siam Physics Congress 2021 open.

Thank you.

Professor Boonrucksar Soonthornthum The President of the Thai Physics Society (May 24th,2021)

Conference report by the dean of the Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University

In 2020 the Siam Physics Congress was successfully conducted with the mutual agreement between the Thai Physics Society and Mahidol University. This year, the Thai Physics Society and Prince of Songkla University, are organizing the SPC 2021. The conference aims to provide a general forum for enhancing interdisciplinary interactions, dialogues and collaborations among students, researchers, faculty members and government representatives as well as practitioners from universities, and industries. This conference provides developmental networking opportunities with the aim to integrate and apply physics in teaching and in developing countries. We genuinely appreciate the efforts of our plenary speaker: The 2015 Nobel Laureate in Physics, Professor Takaaki Kajita from the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, in Japan with a talk on his expertise in neutrinos and gravitational waves. There are more than 20 invited speakers from around the globe sharing their expertise. Thank you for being here. Today we count more than 270 participants and more than 180 presentations on a total of 21 topics covering the full spectrum of physics while connecting scientists from Australia, Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand. Despite the COVID-19 restrictions that every nation faces we successfully arranged the SPC 2021 and made it to bring all of you together here. On the bright side, this pandemic opens the opportunity for us to broadcast this opening ceremony as well as the plenary talk and a special session on the future Thailand Tokamak I (TT1) live on our official social media channels and therefore spreading the vision of SPC out to the world.

We combine various areas of Physics and its applications to excel and make contributions to the sustainable development of nations via science, technology, and innovation. On behalf of the Faculty of Science, I am thankful for the gratitude of all sponsors at this conference. Finally, as the representative organizer of the 16th Siam Physics Congress, I hope that the event will allow us to jointly share our expertise in areas of mutual interests as well as lead us not only to long-lasting relations but also to keep abreast of the needs of our region and worldwide.

Thank you.

Associate Professor Dr. Anchana Prathep Dean of the Faculty of Science Prince of Songkla University (May 24th,2021)

PLENARY SPEAKER

Exploring the Universe with neutrinos and gravitational waves

Professor Takaaki Kajita

Nobel Prize 2015 Nobel Laureate in Physics "for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass."

Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

INVITED SPEAKERS Invited -01

"Unique View through the Window of Radio Astronomy with Very Long Baseline Interferometry"

National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Organization) Dr. Koichiro Sugiyama

Invited -02

"Composite inflaton in the Nambu- Jona-Lasio model"

School of Science, Walailak University Research Group in Applied, Computational and Theoretical Science (ACTS), Walailak University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Phongpichit Channuie

Invited -03

"SPS-II: Thai 3GeV machine for the future"

Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization)

Dr. Thapakron Pulampong

Invited -04

"AdS/CFT Holography from Gauged Supergravities"

String Theory and Supergravity Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Professor Parinya Karndumri

Invited -05

"Radioactivity in Thai Rice and Medicinal Plants"

Faculty of Science, Thaksin University

Assistant Professor Prasong Kessaratikoon

Invited -06

"Study of Impurity Transport in the SOL and Divertor Regions based on Extended Five-Point Model"

Department of Physics, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Assistant Professor Apiwat Wisitsorasak

Invited -07

"Ion Acceleration in Driven Magnetic Reconnection During High-energy– density Plasma Interaction"

Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University

Dr. Peera Pongkitiwanichakul

Invited -08

"Future of atomic clock towards the redefinition of the Second"

National Institute of Metrology (Thailand)

Dr. Piyaphat Phoonthong

Invited -09

"Single Photon Emission from Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond"

Suranaree University of Technology

Dr. Sorawis Sangtawesin

Invited -10

"Multidisciplinary Research on Bacterial Protein Toxins: Upstream toward Downstream Innovative Applications"

Bacterial Toxin Research Innovation Cluster (BRIC), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University Professor Chanan Angsuthanasombat

Invited -11

"In Search for Room-Temperature Superconductors under Pressure"

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Associate Professor Udomsilp Pinsook

Invited -12

"Synchrotron-based spectromicroscopic analysis of diamond-like carbon films"

Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand Dr. Sarayut Tunmee

Invited -13

"Rotary Magnetic Refrigeration Prototype: Initiative Research and Prototype Development in Thailand"

Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University Assoc. Prof. Ratchatee Techapiesancharoenkij

Invited -14

"Flexible thermoelectric Device: From materials to applications"

Department of Physics and Electronic and Optoelectronic Device Research Unit, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Associate Professor Aparporn Sakulkalavek

Invited -15

"Synchrotron X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (SXAS): An Advanced Characterization Tool for Nano-scaled Materials and Physics"

School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Research Network of NANOTEC- VISTEC on Nanotechnology for Energy, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Professor Ruttikorn Yimnirun

Invited -16

"Novel Perovskite Processes for Solar Cells and LEDs"

School of Materials Science and Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Assistant Professor Pongsakorn Kanjanaboos

Invited -17

"What controls oxygen isotopes in stalagmites? Answers from a daily resolved precipitation record from peninsular Thailand"

Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University Professor Ludvig Löwemark

Invited -18

" Fukushima: Plan to Dump Treated Radioactive Water into Pacific Ocean; 'What We Should Know' "

Nuclear Society of Thailand

Dr. Usa Kullaprawithaya

Invited -19

"NARIT Center for Optics and Photonics activities and development plan"

National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Organization) Dr. Christophe Buisset

Invited -20

"NIMT researches on quantum-based measurement standards laying foundation for new metrological traceability in Thailand"

Electrical Metrology Department, National Institute of Metrology

Dr. Sivinee Sawatdiaree

Invited -21

"Development of Optical Coherence Tomography as Innovative Tools for Biomedical Research and Applications in Thailand"

School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology Associate Professor Panomsak Meemon

Invited -22

"Implications of half a century of research on alternative conceptions/misconceptions for physics education"

School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Professor Manjula Devi Sharma

Invited -23

"Student Eye Tracking Study in Interpretation of Simple Harmonic Motions"

Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Thailand Associate Professor Pornrat Wattanakasiwich

Invited -24

"Towards Explainable Natural Language Modeling with Quantum Tensor Networks"

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Dr. Thiparat Chotibut

Invited -25

"TINT Initiative on Fusion Energy Program in Thailand: Current Status and Outlook"

Center of Excellence in Advanced Engineering and Nuclear Technology, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization) Associate Professor Somsak Dangtip

SPC 2021: Session Overview Monday, 24 May 2021 Time Ceremony Hall 9.00 - 9.10 Welcome speech by President of Prince of Songkla Uni. 9.10 - 9.20 Reported by Dean of the Faculty of Science 9.20 - 9.30 Opening speech by President of Thai Physics Society 9.30 - 10.30 Plenary talk by 2015 Nobel Laureate in Physics Professor Takaaki Kajita 10.30 Preparation Room 1 Room 2 Room 3 10.45 In 3-1 In 1-1 In 20-1 11.00 11.15 O 3-1 O 1-1 O 20-1 11.30 O 3-2 O 1-2 O 20-2 11.45 O 3-3 O 1-3 O 20-3 12.00 Lunch 13.00 In 2-1 In 1-2 In 20-2 13.15 13.30 O 1-4 O 20-4 In 10-1 13.45 O 1-5 O 20-5 14.00 O 10-1 O 1-6 O 20-6 14.15 O 3-4 O 1-7 O 20-7 14.30 O3-5 O 1-8 14.45 O 3-6 O 1-9 15.00 Break 15.15 O 1-10 In 21-1 In 9-1 15.30 O 1-11 15.45 O 21-1 O 1 -12 O 9-1 16.00 O21-2 O 1-13 In 19-1 16.15 O 1-14 16.30 O 1-15 O19-1 16.45 O 1-16 O19-2 17.00 O 1-17 17.15 O 1-18 17.30 17.45

Tuesday, 25 May 2021 Time Room 1 Room 2 Room 3 8.30 In 11-1 In 18-1 In 4-1 8.45 9.00 O 18-1 In 12-1 In 5-1 9.15 O 18-2 9.30 O 11-1 O 18-3 In 6-1 9.45 O11-2 O 18-4 10.00 O 11-3 O 18-5 O 6-1 10.15 O 4-1 In 14-1 In 17-1 10.30 O 5-1 10.45 O 17-1 O 5-2 In 15-1 11.00 O 17-2 O 5-3 11.15 O 14-1 O 17-3 O 5-4 11.30 O 15-1 O 5-5 11.45 O 5-6 O 5-7 12.00 Lunch

13.00 In 13-1 In สทน 1 13.15 13.30 O 13-1 O1 13.45 O 13-2 O2 Project Contest 14.00 O3 In 8-1 14.15 O4 14.30 O 8-1 O5 14.45 O 8-2 15.00 Break 15.15 In 7-1 In 16 15.30 15.45 O 7-2 In 16 (NSC) 16.00 O 7-3 16.15 O 16-1 16.30 Project Contest O 16-2 16.45 O 16-3 17.00 O 16-4 17.15 O 16-5 17.30 O 16-6 17.45 O 16-7

Contents Opening remark of the SPC 2021 by the President of the Thai Physics Society Professor Boonrucksar Soonthornthum

Conference overview Contents SPC 2021 session overview Guide to presentation code Schedule of Oral session i-xxii Schedule of Poster session xxiii-xxxiii Abstracts of Plenary and Invited speakers xxxiv-lxi Abstracts of Oral presentation 01 - Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology 1-18 03 - High Energy and Particle Physics 19-24 04 - Nuclear and Radiation Physics 25 05 - Plasma Fusion and Technology 26-38 06 - Ion and Plasma Physics 39 07 - Atomic Physics, Quantum Physics, Molecular 40-41 and Chemical Physics 08 - Quantum Technology 42-43 09 - Biological Physics, Biosensors and Chemical 44 Sensors 10 - Condensed Matter Physics 45 11 - Surface, Interface and Thin Films 46-49 12 - Magnetic and Semiconductor Physics 50 13 - Material Physics 51-53 14 - Nanoscale Physics and Nanotechnology 54 15 - Energy Materials and Physics 55 16 - Environmental Physics, Atmospheric Physics, 57-63 Geophysics and Renewable Energy 17 - Optics, Ultrafast Phenomena and Photonics 64-66 18 - Instrumentation, Metrology and Standards 67-72 19 - Physics Innovation 73-74 20 – Physics Education 75-82

21 - Statistical and Theoretical Physics 83-84 Abstracts of Poster presentation 01 - Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology 86-92 02 - Accelerators and Synchrotron Radiations 93 04 - Nuclear and Radiation Physics 94-99 05 - Plasma Fusion and Technology 100 07 - Atomic Physics, Quantum Physics, Molecular 101-105 and Chemical Physics 09 - Biological Physics, Biosensors and Chemical 106 Sensors 10 - Condensed Matter Physics 108 11 - Surface, Interface and Thin Films 109-114 13 - Material Physics 115-120 14 - Nanoscale Physics and Nanotechnology 121-122 15 - Energy Materials and Physics 123-128 16 - Environmental Physics, Atmospheric Physics, 129-140 Geophysics and Renewable Energy 17 - Optics, Ultrafast Phenomena and Photonics 142-147 18 - Instrumentation, Metrology and Standards 148-150 19 - Physics Innovation 151-153 20 – Physics Education 154-169 21 - Statistical and Theoretical Physics 170 Organizing committee 171

Guide to Presentation code

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Oral Session Monday, May 24, 2021

Room # 1 Session: Morning (10.45 - 12.00) Chairperson: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Phongpichit Channuie Assoc. Prof. Dr. Teparksorn Pengpan Track 03 - High Energy and Particle Physics

10.45-11.15 Invited-04 AdS/CFT Holography from Gauged Supergravities Parinya Karndumri

11.15-11.30 O03-01-088 Holographic RG flows from four-dimensional N=6 and N=2 gauged supergravities Nutthapat Lunrasri

11.30-11.45 O03-02-051 Janus solutions from four-dimensional gauged supergravities with different numbers of supercharges Tissana Assawasowan

11.45-12.00 O03-03-030 Cumulants Cn of the Chiral Order Parameter in a Nonequilibrium Chiral Bjorken Model Near the QCD Critical Point Poramin Saikham

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Room # 1 Session: Afternoon #1 (13.00 – 15.00) Chairperson: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Udomsilp Pinsook Assoc. Prof. Dr. Teparksorn Pengpan Track 02 - Accelerators and Synchrotron Radiations 03 - High Energy and Particle Physics 10 - Condensed Matter Physics

13.00-13.30 Invited-03 SPS-II: Thai 3GeV machine for the future Thapakron Pulampong

13.30-14.00 Invited-11 In Search for Room-Temperature Superconductors under Pressure Udomsilp Pinsook

14.00-14.15 O10-01-032 The Stability and Electronic Structure of Magnesium Hydride and Magnesium Deuteride Under High Pressure Chayaphon Boonchot

14.15-14.30 O03-04-045 20-inch Photomultiplier Tube Timing Study for JUNO Narongkiat Rodphai

14.30-14.45 O03-05-073 Study of Electroweak Penguin $B$ Decays at Belle II Experiment Jittapan Ineead

14.45-15.00 O03-06-034 R-symmetry Breaking in Broken Supersymmetric Vacuum in SUSY Gauge Theory Sirapat Lookrak

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Room # 1 Session: Afternoon #2 (15.15 – 17.30) Chairperson: Assist. Prof. Dr. Sikarin Yoo-kong Dr. Supakchai Ponglertsakul Track 21 - Statistical and Theoretical Physics

15.15-15.45 Invited-24 Towards Explainable Natural Language Modeling with Quantum Tensor Networks Thiparat Chotibut

15.45-16.00 O21-01-173 An investigation of Discrete energy spectrum of Newton’s equivalent asymmetrical finite square well Jarunee Sanongkhun, Amornthep Tita

16.00-16.15 O21-02-022 Rope coiling on a rotating plane Sitichoke Amnuanpol

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Room # 2 Session: Morning (10.45 - 12.00) Chairperson: Dr. Narakorn Kaewkhao Dr.Nareemas Chehlaeh Track 01 - Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology

10.45-11.15 Invited-01 Unique View through the Window of Radio Astronomy with Very Long Baseline Interferometry Koichiro Sugiyama

11.15-11.30 O01-01-125 The Pointing Model of 4.5-m Small Radio Telescope at NARIT. Nakornping Namkham, Nattawit Chanwedchasart

11.30-11.45 O01-02-177 Profile Frequency Evolution of PSR J0828-3417 and PSR J1057-5226 with Parkes’s Ultra-Wideband Low Receiver (UWL) Thanapol Chanapote

11.45-12.00 O01-03-052 Fitting electron spectrum from AMS-02 by pulsar-wind nebulae Kritaporn Butsaracom

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Room # 2 Session: Afternoon #1 (13.00 – 15.00) Chairperson: Asst. Prof. Dr. Orrarujee Muanwong Dr. Daris Samart Track 01 - Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology

13.00-13.30 Invited-02 Composite inflaton in the Nambu-Jona-Lasio model Phongpichit Channuie

13.30-13.45 O01-04-097 Upper limits on dark matter annihilation by cosmic-ray electrons and positrons in the solar neighbourhood Suwitchaya Setthahirun, Maneenate Wechakama

13.45-14.00 O01-05-018 An investigation of Aharonov-Bohm effect towards the potential use for the gravitational wave detection Chitipat Deesamer

14.00-14.15 O01-06-028 Galaxy Evolution in Different Environment Within Redshift z~0.8 Universe Ponlawat Yoifoi

14.15-14.30 O01-07-048 Calibrating the Global Star Formation Rate Indicator at Rest-frame 48 GHz Free-free Emission in z $\sim$ 2 Star-forming Galaxies Karnchana Aroonrueang

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Room # 2 Session: Afternoon #2 (14.30 – 16.00) Chairperson: Assist. Prof. Dr. Farung Surina Dr.Supachai Awiphan Track 01 - Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology

14.30-14.45 O01-08-104 Preliminary Observation of Asymmetrical Morphology of Crab Nebula Von Huey Bayer

14.45-15.00 O01-09-119 Radio and Optical Observations of the Crab Pulsar Marcus Halson, Nakornping Namkham

15.15-15.30 O01-10-135 Astrometric observations of water maser sources toword the Galactic Center with VLBI Daisuke Sakai

15.30-15.45 O01-11-098 LBA full polarisation observations of the excited OH and methanol masers in G351.417+0.645 Kitiyanee Asanok

15.45-16.00 O01-12-061 Isochrone Fitting of ACS Survey Globular Clusters Using the PAdova and TRieste Stellar Evolution Code (PARSEC) Nareemas Chehlaeh

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Room # 2 Session: Afternoon #2 (16.00 – 17.30) Chairperson: Dr. Watcharawuth Krittinatham Dr.Puji Irawati Track 01 - Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology

16.00-16.15 O01-13-101 Galaxy Clusters & AGN Feedback: The Clusters Hiding in Plain Sight (CHiPS) Survey Taweewat Somboonpanyakul

16.15-16.30 O01-14-110 Orbital Period Change of V619 Peg Binary System. Ronnakrit Rattanamala

16.30-16.45 O01-15-138 The study of the strongest solar event on the minimum range of the solar cycle 24. Dechen Peldon

16.45-17.00 O01-16-134 Retrieving exoplanet atmospheric parameters using random forest regression Patcharawee Munsaket

17.00-17.15 O01-17-130 Detectability of Exomoons by Examining The Signals from a Model of Transiting Exoplanets with Moons Using TransitFit Prangsutip Cherdwongsung

17.15-17.30 O01-18-179 Astronomical Seeing Forecast for the Thai National Observatory Ronald Macatangay

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Room # 3 Session: Morning (10.45 - 12.00) Chairperson: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pornrat Wattanakasiwich Assist. Prof. Dr. Suttida Rakkapao Track 20 - Physics Education

10.45-11.15 Invited-22 Implications of half a century of research on alternative conceptions/misconceptions for physics education Manjula Devi Sharma

11.15-11.30 O20-01-152 The interactive computer simulation and learning activity for facilitating students’ conceptual understanding on the buoyant force through the CoSci learning platform. Wachirawut Wongsuwan

11.30-11.45 O20-02-153 Development creativity of Grade 5 students on electricity through STEM Education of electric circuit Supaluk Sasangbong

11.45-12.00 O20-03-106 Exploring the links between Physics and Astronomy Education Teaching and Learning in the Philippines Ryan Manuel Guido

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Room # 3 Session: Afternoon #1 (13.00 – 15.00) Chairperson: Assist. Prof. Dr. Jiradawan Huntula Assist. Prof. Dr. Suttida Rakkapao Track 20 - Physics Education

13.00-13.30 Invited-23 Student Eye Tracking Study in Interpretation of Simple Harmonic Motions Pornrat Wattanakasiwich

13.30-13.45 O20-04-040 Low-cost light interference experimental set with automatically display intensity of interference and diffraction patterns Somporn Buaprathoom

13.45-14.00 O20-05-085 Measuring refractive index gradient of sugar solution Pattarapon Tanalikhit

14.00-14.15 O20-06-020 Should we teach free-body diagrams before or after Newton’s Laws? Nattaphong Nuchsirikulaphong

14.15-14.30 O20-07-170 Student teachers’ multi representations on heat transfer in solid and liquid from the inquiry activities. JIiradawan Huntula

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Room # 3 Session: Afternoon #2 (13.00 – 15.00) Chairperson: Assist. Prof. Dr. Chittanon Buranachai Dr. Praopim Limsakul Track 09 - Biological Physics, Biosensors and Chemical Sensors 19 - Physics Innovation

15.15-15.45 Invited-10 Multidisciplinary Research on Bacterial Protein Toxins: Upstream toward Downstream Innovative Applications Chanan Angsuthanasombat

15.45-16.00 O09-01-160 Electrostatic Influence on the Excited-State Twisting of Thioflavin T Binding to Bimolecular G-Quadruplex DNA: A Computational Study Wutthinan Thongyod

16.00-16.30 Invited-21 Development of Optical Coherence Tomography as Innovative Tools for Biomedical Research and Applications in Thailand Panomsak Meemon

16.30-16.45 O19-01-137 A Portable Fluorescence Sensing Device for On-site Sensing Applications Kittirat Phooplub

16.45-17.00 O19-02-129 Simulation of Wave Propagation using Graph- Theoretical Algorithm Noparit Jinuntuya

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Tuesday, May 25, 2021 Room # 1 Session: Morning #1 (8.30 – 10.15) Chairperson: Assist. Prof. Dr. Adisorn Buranawong Dr. Sarayuth Tunmee Track 11 - Surface, Interface and Thin Films 12 - Magnetic and Semiconductor Physics

8.30-9.00 Invited-12 Synchrotron-based spectromicroscopic analysis of diamond-like carbon films Sarayut Tunmee

9.00-9.30 Invited-13 Rotary Magnetic Refrigeration Prototype: Initiative Research and Prototype Development in Thailand Ratchatee Techapiesancharoenkij

9.30-9.45 O11-01-155 Effect of Zr content on the structure and morphology of CrZrN thin films prepared by reactive DC magnetron co-sputtering method Adisorn Buranawong

9.45-10.00 O11-02-095 The fabrication of carbon nanotube-silicon hybrid photodetectors using a hydrophobic process of buffered-oxide etchant Thammika Srisaman

10.00-10.15 O11-03-100 Fabrication and optical characterization of reduced graphene oxide/silver nanoparticle hybrid structures for near-infrared photodetection Chanthar Soe

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Room # 1 Session: Morning #2 (10.15 – 11.45) Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Rattikorn Yimnirun Assist. Prof. Dr. Pongsakorn Kanjanaboos Track 13 - Material Physics 14 - Nanoscale Physics and Nanotechnology 15 - Energy Materials and Physics

10.15-10.45 Invited-15 Synchrotron X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (SXAS): An Advanced Characterization Tool For Nano-scaled Materials and Physics Ruttikorn Yimnirun

10.45-11.15 Invited-16 Novel Perovskite Processes for Solar Cells and LEDs Pongsakorn Kanjanaboos

11.15-11.30 O14-01-107 Fabrication of encapsulated graphene-based heterostructure using molybdenum as edge-contacts Illias Klanurak

11.30-11.45 O15-01-124 Planar multi-layer perovskite solar cell with graded energy band structure via fast-drying spray deposition Waris Tuchinda

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Room # 1 Session: Afternoon #1 (13.00 – 14.00) Chairperson: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chitnarong Sirisathitkul Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nantakan Muensit Track 13 - Material Physics

13.00-13.30 Invited-14 Flexible thermoelectric Device: From materials to applications Aparporn Sakulkalavek

13.30-13.45 O13-01-145 Magnetocaloric effect of evaporated Fe on Gd foils Apinya Paowarat

13.45-14.00 O13-02-096 Near-infrared photodetection using graphene sheets coupled with metallic nanoantennas Yodchay Jompol

xiii

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Room # 1 Session: Afternoon #2 (14.00 – 15.00) Chairperson: Dr. Tanapat Deesuwan Dr. Pruet Kalasuwan Track 08 - Quantum Technology

14.00-14.30 Invited-09 Single Photon Emission from Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond Sorawis Sangtawesin

14.30-14.45 O08-01-017 Entanglement of Valence Bond Solid States in Different Topologies Wuttichai Pankeaw

14.45-15.00 O08-02-053 Partial Wick Rotation in Quantum Random Walk Takla Nateeboon

xiv

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Room # 1 Session: Afternoon #3 (15.15 – 16.15) Chairperson: Dr. Narupon Chattrapiban Dr. Piyaphat Phoonthong Track 07 - Atomic Physics, Quantum Physics, Molecular and Chemical Physics

15.15-15.45 Invited-08 Future of atomic clock towards the redefinition of the Second Piyaphat Phoonthong

15.45-16.00 O07-01-108 Effect of light-induced atomic desorption on atomic vapor pressure in a rubidium glass cell Kittisak Ketaiam

16.00-16.15 O08-02-128 Heuristic compactness maximization algorithm for two- dimensional single-atoms traps rearrangement Tanakrit Mamee

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Room # 2 Session: Morning #1 (8.30 – 10.15) Chairperson: Assist. Prof. Dr. Chittanon Buranachai Dr. Praopim Limsakul Track 18 - Instrumentation, Metrology and Standards

8.30-9.00 Invited-20 NIMT researches on quantum-based measurement standards laying foundation for new metrological traceability in Thailand Sivinee Sawatdiaree

9.00-9.15 O18-01-148 Activities for geodetic VLBI in Thailand Nattaporn Thoonsaengngam

9.15-9.30 O18-02-027 Towards Accurate Non-Contact Moisture Inspection using THz Imaging and Thickness Information Napat Cota

9.30-9.45 O18-03-133 Improvement of simulated nuclear quadrupole resonance signals from explosive detection via a Red- Pitaya board Puchong Kijamnajsuk

9.45-10.00 O18-04-113 Modeling and Simulation of Quad Band Radio Frequencies Energy Harvesting System Khemjirath Hengswat

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

10.00-10.15 O18-05-023 Determination of probe non-linearity and error due to measurement position for direct measurement type of gauge block comparator and its measurement uncertainty Angkoonna Pringkasemchai

Room # 2 Session: Morning #2 (10.15 – 11.45) Chairperson: Assist. Prof. Dr. Chalongrat Dangngam Lt.Col. Dr. Nawapong Unsuree Track 17 - Optics, Ultrafast Phenomena and Photonics

10.15-10.45 Invited-19 NARIT Center for Optics and Photonics activities and development plan Christophe Buisset

10.45-11.00 O17-01-168 Broad-Band Coherent Perfect Absorption in Systems with a Non-Linear Lossy Component Suwun Suwunnarat

11.00-11.15 O17-02-079 The simulation of the microwave shielding properties of the dual band pass frequency selective surface Asma Samoh

11.15-11.30 O17-03-059 Separate the overlapping latent fingerprints using Fourier Optics (FO) Nichchar SommitI

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Room # 3 Session: Morning (8.30 – 12.30) Chairperson: Assist. Prof. Dr. Apiwat Wisitsorasak Dr. Peera Pongkitiwanichakul Track 04 - Nuclear and Radiation Physics 05 - Plasma Fusion and Technology 06 - Ion and Plasma Physics

8.30-9.00 Invited-05 Radioactivity in Thai Rice and Medicinal Plants Prasong Kessaratikoon

9.00-9.30 Invited-06 Study of Impurity Transport in the SOL and Divertor Regions based on Extended Five-Point Model Apiwat Wisitsorasak

9.30-10.00 Invited-07 Ion Acceleration in Driven Magnetic Reconnection During High-energy–density Plasma Interaction Peera Pongkitiwanichakul

10.00-10.15 O06-01-029 The acceleration of plasma flow during steady-state collisionless magnetic reconnection Piyawat Suetrong

10.15-10.30 O04-01-108 Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on Natural Bioactive Compounds of Germinated Brown Thai Hom Mali Rice (Oryza cultiva L.) Panchalee Prakhongsil

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Room # 3 Session: Morning (8.30 – 12.30) Chairperson: Assist. Prof. Dr. Apiwat Wisitsorasak Dr. Peera Pongkitiwanichakul Track 05 - Plasma Fusion and Technology

10.30-10.45 O05-01-016 Effect electric potential across electrodes for trapping joss stick smoke particles using DBD at atmospheric pressure Prajya Tangjitsomboon

10.45-11.00 O05-02-172 The corrosion behavior in the plasma torch electrodes Jintana Pakdeewanich

11.00-11.15 O05-03-132 The Effect of Magnetic Topology of Polywell Fusion Devices on The Electron Confinement Time Rattacha Boonchoo

11.15-11.30 O05-04-058 Simulation of 3D vortex jets in plasma torch application Watcharapon Kongpiboolkid

11.30-11.45 O05-05-121 Effects of Resistivity and Pellet Injection on Edge Localized Modes Thanaphan Makmool

11.45-12.00 O05-06-118 Investigation of Interactions of Filaments using Simulations based on 2D fluid equations Apisit Dang-iad

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12.00-12.15 O05-07-114 ELMs Dynamics Simulations Based on Bifurcation Approach Danis Klanurak

Room # 3 Session: Afternoon #1 (13.00 – 14.45) Chairperson: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Somsak Dangtip Assist. Prof. Dr. Boonyarit Chatthong Track 05 - Plasma Fusion and Technology

13.00-13.30 Invited-25 TINT Initiative on Fusion Energy Program in Thailand: Current Status and Outlook Somsak Dangtip

13.30-13.45 O05-08-076 An Overview of Data Acquisition and Plasma Control System of Thailand Tokamak I Pasit Wonghabut

13.45-14.00 O05-09-075 Plasma Heating System for Thailand Tokamak I Nopporn Poolyarat

14.00-14.15 O05-10-103 Diagnostic System for PMI Linear device Arlee Tamman

14.15-14.30 O05-11-074 Simulation Study of Supersonic Molecular Beam Injection as Fueling System for Thailand Tokamak I Jiraporn Promping

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

14.30-14.45 O05-12-077 Radiation Safety and Licensing Process for Thailand Tokamak Experimental Facility Kamtorn Saidarasamoot

Room # 3 Session: Afternoon #2 (15.15 – 16.15) Chairperson: Assist. Prof. Dr. Helmut Duerrast Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yutthana Tirawanichakul Track 16 - Environmental Physics, Atmospheric Physics, Geophysics and Renewable Energy

15.15-15.45 Invited-17 What controls oxygen isotopes in stalagmites? Answers from a daily resolved precipitation record from peninsular Thailand Ludvig Löwemark

15.45-16.15 Invited-18 Fukushima: Plan to Dump Treated Radioactive Water into Pacific Ocean; “What We Should Know” Usa Kullaprawithaya

16.15-16.30 O16-01-120 The thermo-viscous and shock remanent magnetization recorded in the Chesapeake Bay impact crater, Virginia Radchagrit Supakulopas

16.30-16.45 O16-02-087 Multiple Suppression for 2D Marine Seismic Data Using Surface-related Multiple Elimination and Parabolic Radon Filtering Pimpawee Sittipan

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16.45-17.00 O16-03-089 The archaeomagnetic field recorded in ancient kiln walls in Si Sisatchanalai, Sukhothai Radchagrit Supakulopas

17.00-17.15 O16-04-180 Improved Mixing Height Estimates from Atmospheric LiDAR Measurements Ronald Macatangay

17.15-17.30 O16-05-041 Sensitivity of different physics schemes using WRF model in Typhoon Damrey (2017) over the Indochina region. Kulaya Keawsang-in

17.30-17.45 O16-06-014 Two axis sun tracking system using fuzzy logic control Wuttichana Putchana

17.45-18.00 O16-07-105 Recycling Perovskite Solar Cell by Novel Spray Processes Teepich Houtae

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Poster Session

May 24-25, 2021

Track 1 Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology

P01-01-035 Exoplanets Transit Timing Variation and Transit Duration Variation Catalogue from TESS Noppachanin Kongsathitporn

P01-02-064 Light Curve Analysis of the Binary V781 Tau Niroot Lamlert

P01-03-066 Ganymede’s magnetic footprint brightness and location with respect to main emission Tatphicha Promfu

P01-04-082 Radio Telescope Development Kit for Education Aeggarat Komthuam

P01-05-139 The Spectral Energy Distribution of X-ray Pair Halos from the Gamma-ray Sources with a Power-law Continuum Anant Eungwanichayapant

P01-06-158 Orbital variation of circumbinary planets Noppawith Nantanoi

P01-07-178 Single pulse energy distribution of PSR B1822-09 Nawamin Intrarat

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Track 2 Accelerators and Synchrotron Radiations

P02-01-056 Design of a beam current monitoring system for a compact LINAC accelerator Siriwan Krainara

Track 4 Nuclear and Radiation Physics

P04-01-015 Microanalysis of Thai amulet: Phra Luang Pho Thuad Krit Won-in

P04-02-063 Elemental quantification of airborne particulate matter at Nong kung tao, Thasongkhorn Sub-ditrict, Muang district, Mahasarakham Province, by x-ray fluorescence technique Piriya Praneekit

P04-03-164 Assessment of Contamination of Natural and Anthropogenic Radionuclides in Rice Samples Collected from Songkhla Province, Thailand Prasong Kessatikoon

P04-04-166 Age-dependent dose and carcinogenic risk assessment for radio nuclide 210Po in 5 species of shellfish, Thailand Phatchada Nochit

P04-05-171 Gamma Irradiation on Seed Germination of Thailand Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Kittikhun Prakrajang

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Track 5 Plasma Fusion and Technology

P05-01-169 Estimation of Impurity Release from Planar Liquid Surface in Plasma Nopparit Somboonkittichai

Track 7 Atomic Physics, Quantum Physics, Molecular and Chemical Physics

P07-01-037 The new evidence from the fingerprint region in FT-IR spectra to indicate the heat treatment of blue sapphire samples Aumaparn Phlayrahan

P07-02-043 Coherent Length Measurement of Single Photons using Mach Zehnder Interferometer Kitisak Boonkham

P07-03-057 Dimensionality reduction in quantum channels Nuttida Kaewart

P07-04-111 Manipulation of atomic density in a vapor cell using light-induced atomic desorption Apiwit Kaewko

P07-05-131 Dynamics of spiral wave sin a closed photo sensitive excitable chemical system Kritsana Khaothong

Track 9 Biological Physics, Biosensors and Chemical Sensors

P09-01-142 Methylmercury Quantification Using A DNA-based Optical Sensor Coupled with a Portable Fluorometer Sirirat Ouiganon

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Track 10 Condensed Matter Physics

P10-01-044 Electronic band structures of MnS and Cr-doped MnS zinc blende materials using DFT+U Nitat Sripongpun

Track 11 Surface, Interface and Thin Films

P11-01-046 Fabrication of SnO2 by RF magnetron sputtering for electron transport layer of planar perovskite solar cells Rrattanaphon Thanimkan

P11-02-047 Improving the triple-cation perovskite solar cells efficiency by two-step deposition methods with perovskite seeds Passakorn Phiromruk

P11-03-092 Physicochemical properties of PSF/NH2-SiO2 composite membranes incorporated by polymeric additives Sunanta Thunta

P11-04-094 Synthesis of nano-silica xero-gel from rice straw ash Oranut Yosma

P11-05-116 TiO2 porous nanoparticles synthesized by co- condensation method using different temperatures Chanyalack Kumsee P11-06-144 Physical and Electrochemical Properties of Vanadium Nitride and Copper Films with High Copper Content Annop Klamchuen

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Track 13 Material Physics

P13-01-009 Environment friendly concrete made from Portland cement and aggregate replacement materials Boripat Kaewsai

P13-02-010 Magnetic and electrochemical properties of nickel oxide microstructures prepared by hydrothermal method Nattarika, Boonraksa

P13-03-013 The facile one-step hydrothermal method for the preparation of MnO2 nanoparticles: Structural and electrochemical properties kwanruthai wongsaprom

P13-04-021 Structural and electronic properties of LiMnO2 doped with transition metals: A first-principles study Nontawat Chaiyaocha

P13-05-060 Mechanical and physical properties of Water Hyacinth and Cogon Grass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites Pongsathorn Kongkaew

P13-06-070 Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Synthesized by using Templating Technique Chalad Yuenyao

Track 14 Nanoscale Physics and Nanotechnology

P14-01-054 Synthesis of the platinum particle with the pH variation for the particle size control Pimthong Thongnopkun

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P14-02-126 Angle dependent spectrum measurement of opal like structure described by Bragg-Snell diffraction and perturbed photonic band structure Nonthanan Sitpathom

Track 15 Energy Materials and Physics

P15-01-086 Efficiency of Supercapacitor with CaTiO3-filled Polysulfone Separators Sanit Suwanwong

P15-02-115 The Physical and Electronic Properties of Lead-free (K1- xNaxNbO3) under Stress-Strain at Temperature and Pressure Change Nattakit Chaijaroenmaitree

P15-03-141 The behaviors of output efficiency of n-type and p-type Bi2Te3 thermoelectric cell rod with difference of leg height Thidatip Janjaroen

P15-04-147 Energy conversion of electrostrictive poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) /Graphene composites Rojanasak Ruadroew

P15-05-154 Ferroelectric properties and breakdown strength of layer-by-layer poly(vinylidene fluoride-co- hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) and polyurethane (PU) for energy storage application Chanisara Chooseng

P15-06-157 Preparation and electrostictive properties of polyurethane filled with polypyrrole-carbon black for the energy harvesting application Kunlawan Hirunchulha

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Track 16 Environmental Physics, Atmospheric Physics, Geophysics and Renewable Energy

P16-01-039 Correlations between PM2.5 and meteorological variables in Chiang Mai, Thailand Panatcha Anusasananan

P16-02-049 Drought Analysis over northern Thailand based on SPI Sujittra Ratjiranukool

P16-03-050 Evaluation of Projected Decadal Wind Energy Potential in Chiang Mai Sujittra Ratjiranukool

P16-04-078 Mathematical modeling and color quality of thin layer drying of Phlai (Zingiber montanum (Koenig) Link ex A. Dietr.) by solar dryer combined with intermittent infrared radiation Thanin Rudchapo

P16-05-102 Integrated studies to investigate paleochannel aquifer in Dan Chang district, Suphan Buri province, western Thailand Songsak Muangnoi

P16-06-136 Estimation of the internal exposure from indoor radon, thoron and their progeny in residence around high background radiation area, Phang Nga Province Chanis Rattanapongs

P16-07-146 Single-Axis Solar Tracking System Referring to Date and Time Natawee Chaijum

P16-08-150 Density and types of rocks found fossils in soil wells, La-ngu District, Satun Geopark area Pitchpilai Khoonphunnarai

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P16-09-151 Influence of El Nino and La Nina on Tropical cyclones over the South China Sea Phayao Yongsiriwith

P16-10-159 Holocene sea level of Sating-Pra Peninsula, Southern Thailand Banchong Tongsang

P16-11-163 Application of IR and UV Radiation in an Intelligent Chicken Farm for High Production and Green Environment Jutarat Kaewthong

Track 17 Optics, Ultrafast Phenomena and Photonics

P17-01-036 A Simple Interference Experiment of Polarized Light Using Polarization Interferometer Phurinut Rungrojkitiyos

P17-02-038 An application of Reflective Holographic Gratings for measurement of cylindrical curvature Chanikan Inneam P17-03-062 Investigation on optical integration between LED mid- IR light sources and Si-based waveguide for spectroscopic sensing applications Pawaphat Jaturaphagorn

P17-04-112 Low-cost laser diode pulse generator for quantum information applications Sitti Buathong

P17-05-127 Development of Non-invasive Alcohol Analyzer by Using Photoplethysmography Pornnapa Sanguansri

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Track 18 Instrumentation, Metrology and Standards

P18-01-012 Line spacing calibration by using NIMT Line Scale Interferometer System Yuttana Hongaromkij

P18-02-090 Color measurement of yellow sapphire by UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy Noppawan Tipkanon

P18-03-091 Luster measurement of pearl by UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy Chutinun Salyacheewin

Track 19 Physics Innovation

P19-01-069 Warning system for wrong posture sitting by analyzing the tilt angle of the back and neck Thanathit Pradabthai

Role of Hopper Angle on the Jamming of Granular P19-02-072 Material under Vertical Vibration Panupat Chaiworn

A simple improvement of off-grid solar photovoltaic P19-03-161 panel using integrated reflector Sawitree Wongrerkdee

Track 20 Physics Education

P20-01-031 The Photometric Law of Distance Experimental Set Using Light Sensor Arduino for Growing Sunflower Sprouts Maneerat Ritthakon

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P20-02-019 Modification of Attitude Towards Physics of High School Students by Using STEM Education Lessons on Simple Harmonic Motion Chalongchai Teevasuthornsakul

P20-03-024 Newton’s Law of Cooling Experiment Set using Temperature Sensor Arduino Patomporn Chanthamanee

P20-04-025 Activities on reflection of light based on low-cost materials at eighth grade Aungtinee Kittiravechote

P20-05-055 The effect of angle and length to the period of the simple pendulum Nimit Kimpraphan

P20-06-080 Development of pre-service teachers’ understanding about the star and constellation by using active learning method Tawan Thongsuk

P20-07-081 Smartphones as detector the speed of sound: A classroom explanation and demonstration Angkhan Intanin

P20-08-083 Chaotic motion of a triple physical pendulum model analysis of biomechanics as arm movement using tracker Nathaporn Suwanpayak

P20-09-084 Students’ Understanding of the Inverse Square Law in Electrostatics Trai Unyapoti

P20-10-093 Applying Helmholtz resonator to determine peed of sound Pranee Disrattakit

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P20-11-140 Demonstration of light reflection for rendering realistic trees image Tiantada Hiranyachattada

P20-12-143 The Hybrid Learning of using the 3D Printing and Open Approach Processes as: The Case Study in Classroom of the “Motions on Inclined Plane” Sanansit Thongperm

P20-13-156 How students understand the meaning of quantum state Songphon Chirayangyuenyong

P20-14-162 Projectile Motion: Surveying High-School Students Understanding After using Column Vector Thorn Intraprasart

P20-15-167 The Projectile Launcher with Motion Path for Enhancing Students’ Problem-Solving Skills Ar-si Dramae

Track 21 Statistical and Theoretical Physics

P21-01-033 Dual fluid for Kerr-Newman black hole Thepprasith Svetatula

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Abstract of Plenary and Invited speakers

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Abstract ID: 183 Plenary -01

Exploring the Universe with neutrinos and gravitational waves

Takaaki Kajita

Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract More than 100 years ago, cosmic rays were discovered. Through the studies of cosmic rays and related phenomena, we learned that there are various high energy phenomena in the Universe that cannot be studied by optical telescopes. For example, the mechanism of Supernova explosion can be understood only by the observations of neutrinos and gravitational waves. In this talk, I will discuss various studies with neutrinos and gravitational waves to explore the Universe. In particular, I will focus on our studies in Kamioka.

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Abstract ID: 181 Invited -01

Unique View through the Window of Radio Astronomy with Very Long Baseline Interferometry

Koichiro Sugiyama1

1National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Radio Astronomy is one of essential probes in the era of multi-messenger astronomy to research various astronomical phenomena and understand their evolution in the universe. In particular, verylong-baseline-interferometry (VLBI) technique in radio wavelengths is very unique, enabling us to achieve the highest spatial angular resolution in the world of 1 milliarcsecond or higher. Observations with VLBI have unveiled lots of essential astronomical phenomena: e.g., plasma jet ejections and their detailed structure/evolution in active galactic nucleus, detailed spatial/velocity structure of the Milky Way based on astrometry data, gas accretion process to grow baby of high- mass stars, gas ejection process surrounding evolved stars, and took an unprecedented photo of the supermassive black hole at the center of M87 active galaxy. In this talk, we will introduce the latest scientific observation results achieved with VLBI technique in various research fields and present the near future prospect to develop these astronomical researches with VLBI in Thailand as well with an abuilding 40-m Thai National Radio Telescope (TNRT) as a part of the RANGD project (Radio Astronomy Network and Geodesy for Development) led by National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT) and a national VLBI network here.

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Abstract ID: 182 Invited -02

Composite inflaton in the Nambu-Jona-Lasio model

Phongpichit Channuie1

1Walailak University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The inflationary scenario is formulated so far by the introduction of (elementary) scalar fields (called inflaton) with a nearly flat potential. However, we can imagine the possibility that the inflaton need not be an elementary degree of freedom. In this talk, we revisit the cosmological scenario in which the inflaton is a composite field emerging in the scalar channel of the effective Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. We demonstrate that it is viable to achieve successful inflation via a non-minimal coupling to gravity. We also compute the inflationary parameters and confront them with Planck data.

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Abstract ID: 196 Invited -03

SPS-II: Thai 3GeV machine for the future

Thapakron Pulampong1

1SLRI Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Siam Photon Source (SPS) has been operating and providing synchrotron radiation to users for more than a decade, leading to growing user community in South East Asia region. This gives rise to higher demand of a new 3 GeV light source. The new machine, SPS-II, could provide synchrotron light with higher photon energy and higher brilliance than the existing 1.2 GeV machine. Hybrid multi-bend achromat (HMBA) lattice design providing small natural beam emittance is a promising choice. In this talk, an overview of the machine design and progress on the prototyping will be presented.

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Abstract ID: 071 Invited -04

AdS/CFT Holography from Gauged Supergravities

Parinya Karndumri1

1Chulalongkorn University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract One of the most interesting consequences of string/M-theory, the most promising candidate for a theory of quantum gravity, is the AdS/CFT correspondence or AdS/CFT holography. This is a duality between string/M- theory on AdSd+1×M backgrounds and d-dimensional conformal field theories on the boundary of AdSd+1. Being a strong-weak duality, the AdS/CFT correspondence and its generalization to non-conformal theories are very useful to the study of strongly coupled quantum field theories using weakly coupled classical gravity theories. Most explicit, concrete and exact results along this line are obtained from (d+1)-dimensional gauged supergravity which is a generalization of Einstein’s general relativity by incorporating supersymmetry and non-abelian gauge symmetries. Gauged supergravities are capable of providing interesting holographic solutions describing conformal fixed points, renormalization group (RG) flows and defects or interfaces in conformal field theories.

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Abstract ID: 188 Invited -05

Radioactivity in Thai Rice and Medicinal Plants

Prasong Kessaratikoon1

1Department of Physics Faculty of Science Thaksin University Songkhla Campus Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Radioactive isotopes of elements (radionuclides) are naturally present in the environment, and that includes our bodies and our food and water. We are exposed to radiation (also known as background radiation) from these radionuclides on a daily basis. Radiation comes from space (i.e., cosmic rays) as well as from naturally-occurring radionuclides found in the soil, water and air. Radioactivity can be detected in food and water and the concentration of naturally-occurring radionuclides varies depending on several factors such as local geology, climate and agricultural practices. People can also be exposed to radiation from man-made activities, including medical diagnostic intervention. Background levels of radionuclides in foods vary and are dependent on several factors, including the type of food and the geographic region where the food has been produced. The common radionuclides in food are potassium-40 (40K), radium-226 (226Ra) and uranium 238 (238U) and their associated progeny. In general, 40K is the most commonly occurring natural radioisotope. Other natural radioisotopes exist in much lower concentrations, and originate from the decay of uranium and thorium. When large amounts of radioisotopes are discharged into the environment, they can affect foods by either falling onto the surface of foods like fruits and vegetables or animal feed as deposits from the air or through contaminated rainwater/snow. Radioactivity in water can also accumulate in rivers and the sea, depositing on fish and seafood. Open-air vegetables and plants can be affected by the atmospheric release of radionuclides, resulting in radioactive contamination. Over time, radioactivity can also build up within food, as radionuclides are transferred through soil into crops or animals, or into rivers, lakes and the sea where fish and other seafood could take up the radionuclides. In this presentation, I will focus on my concern about some studies and researches on concentration of natural (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) and anthropogenic (137Cs) radionuclides in two important plants. As we

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

know that Thai rice is the staple food of Thai people and also Thailand is one of the world's top exporters of Thai rice. But there is no systematic study and research available on concentration of natural and man-made radionuclides as expected. In addition, nowadays there are many people who are interested in alternative medicine by using medicinal plants as a treatment in Thailand. Where both patients and caregivers always use naturally grown medicinal plants and did not pay attention to the radioactive accumulation in those medicinal plants that may be adversely affected to some patients more or less. For this reason I would like to invite and motivate some of researchers and interested people turned their attention to research on measurement and analysis of concentrations of natural (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) and anthropogenic (137Cs) radio-nuclides in Thai rice and medicinal plants to create very important standard database for our country and worldwide society.

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Abstract ID: 174 Invited -06

Study of Impurity Transport in the SOL and Divertor Regions based on Extended Five-Point Model

Apiwat Wisitsorasak1, Naohiro Kasuya 1, Atsushi Fukuyama2

1Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University 2Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyoto University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The dynamics of the plasma in the scrape-off layer (SOL) is important for understanding complex behavior of tokamak plasmas because it determines heat exhausted to the plasma-facing components. This will subsequently regulate the amount of impurities released from the surfaces. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated in simulations and experiments that the transport in the SOL region is not symmetric due to ballooned transport. To simulate the plasma in this region, one may reduce the complexity of the problem by analyze the transport along a magnetic field line. In this work, we extend the dynamic five-point model to include the effect of the impurity transport in the SOL and divertor regions. The model is based on the multifluid equations and specifically considers plasma characteristic at five points along the opened field lines: two points at divertor surfaces, two points in front of the divertor regions, one point at the stagnation point. This extended five-point model can self-consistently provide the boundary conditions for simulating the plasma in the core. The Core-SOL-Divertor model will be a useful and effective method to simulate complex plasmas in both core and SOL regions. The simulation result based on this scheme will be evaluated with experimental results from QUEST, PLATO, WEST, and other tokamak, based on availability of the data.

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Abstract ID: 007 Invited -07

Ion Acceleration in Driven Magnetic Reconnection During High energy–density Plasma Interaction

Peera Pongkitiwanichakul1, William Fox2, Kittipat Malakit3, David Ruffolo, Kirill Lezhnin4, Jack Matteucci 4, Amitava Bhattacharjee 4

1Kasetsart University 2Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 3Thammasat University 4Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Strongly driven magnetic reconnection occurs in astrophysical events and also in laboratory experiments with laser-produced plasma. We have performed 2.5D particle-in-cell simulations of collisions of two high- energy–density plasmas resulting in strongly driven magnetic reconnection that demonstrates significant non-thermal ion acceleration. Such acceleration is significant only when the plasma beta is sufficiently low that the Alfvén speed at the reconnection inflow exceeds the thermal speed. Under these conditions, the most energetic ions are primarily accelerated by the Hall electric field in the reconnection outflow, especially at the trailing edge of an emerging plasmoid in the outflow. Laboratory experiments in the near future should be able to confirm these predictions and their applicability to astrophysical situations. Partially supported by grant RTA6280002 from Thailand Science Research and Innovation.1515

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Abstract ID: 189 Invited -08

Future of atomic clock towards the redefinition of the Second

Piyaphat Phoonthong1

1National Institute of Metrology (Thailand) Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Second is the SI unit of time, it has been defined as the oscillation of the two- level quantum system. Since 1967, the definition based on the microwave frequency, 9 192 631 770 Hz, between the hyperfine ground state of the cesium atom at a temperature of 0K. The uncertainty of the microwave clock has reached the level of 10-16. The next generation of atomic clock will move from microwave to optical transition. Atoms in optical lattice and a trapped single-ion have been illustrated that they are two-order of magnitude better than the microwave clock. The optical clock transition of various atoms has been measured and compared. The Consultative Committee for Time and Frequency (CCTF) has already planned to consider the redefinition of the Second in 2026. In Thailand, an Ytterbium ion clock has been studied to realize the next generation of time keeping.

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Abstract ID: 190 Invited -09

Single Photon Emission from Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond

Sorawis Sangtawesin1

1Suranaree University of Technology

Abstract Quantum computation and quantum sensing harness properties from individual atoms and electrons. The nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond is among the most prominent candidate as a building block for quantum control, and especially quantum sensing due to its atomic size and the ability to operate under ambient conditions. We demonstrate the use of a home-built confocal microscope for probing individual nitrogen-vacancy centers inside a high-purity CVD diamond. We characterize the performance of the confocal microscope and analyze photon signals to obtain photon correlation statistics. From the antibunching of the second-order correlation function, we demonstrate the signal originates from a single-photon source, thereby confirming the ability to probe a single quantum defect. This quantum defects will serve as a building block for the development of few-qubit systems for quantum sensing and metrology.

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Abstract ID: 191 Invited -10

Multidisciplinary Research on Bacterial Protein Toxins: Upstream toward Downstream Innovative Applications

Chanan Angsuthanasombat1

1Bacterial Toxin Research Innovation Cluster (BRIC), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University

Abstract The toxic feature of two disparate pore-forming toxins, Cry δ-endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (biopesticide) and CyaA-hemolysin (CyaA-Hly) from Bordetella pertussis (human pathogen causing whooping cough), is generally attributed to their capability to form oligomeric pores, causing target cell lysis. Attempts via multidisciplinary research have been made to provide more critical insights into membrane-pore formation and receptor recognition for both types of toxins. For the Cry4Ba mosquito-active toxin, two direct rendering techniques, single particle negative-stain EM and high- speed AFM, were employed to demonstrate a membrane-induced state of toxin monomers needed for the formation of a potential pre-pore trimer. Moreover, polarity of the Cry4Ba α4-α5 loop residue—Asn166 was found to be important for ion permeation and pore-opening. Furthermore, structural stability of two β-hairpins within the Cry4Ba receptor-binding domain was revealed to be crucial for synergistic interactions with its alternative receptor. We have also disclosed functional importance of the C-terminal domain of Cry4Ba in serving as a tight-binding anchor for lipid bilayers, indicative of its potential contribution to the toxin biotoxicity. Unlike the Cry4Ba toxin, CyaA-Hly requires palmitoylation at Lys983 by CyaC-acyltransferase for activating its hemolytic activity against target erythrocytes. We also revealed that the Lys983-linked palmitoyl group is not directly involved in either binding to erythrocyte membranes or toxin-induced channel conductivity, but rather required for efficient membrane inserted-pore formation. We have further demonstrated that the N-terminal hydrophobic region of CyaA-Hly is also required for functional association with CyaC-acyltransferase, and

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hence effective palmitoylation at Lys983. We have recently provided structural insights into preferential palmitoylation of CyaA-Hly through the CyaC nucleophile-activation dyad in substrate esterolysis. Interestingly, we have successfully produced CyaA-specific humanized VH/VHH nanobodies that could have potential innovative applications in developing a novel anti- pertussis agent, eventually being used for the benefit of mankind as a whole.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 067 Invited -11

In Search for Room-Temperature Superconductors under Pressure

Udomsilp Pinsook1

1Chulalongkorn University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The searching for the room-temperature superconductors have been one of the most enthusiastic fields in physics. In my talk, I will give an overview and the most recent status of the conventional superconductors under pressure as pressure exceeded that of the earth’s core can be generated in several laboratories around the world. At the present time, the theoretical calculations provide accountable predictions on the structural and electronic properties which can be served as a practical map for experiments. Iwillgiveabriefdescriptionontheexistingtheoryofsuperconductivitywhich leads to the calculations of the superconductivity critical temperature, Tc. The calculations of Tc is stemmed from the so-called spectral function, which can be evaluated from the density functional theory (DFT). In order to obtain insight information and more understanding, I model the spectral function with several simplified model functions. Several types of materials which are the possible candidates for the room-temperature superconductors will be discussed. This simple analysis will give a powerful suggestion on the way to search for a higher value of Tc.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 192 Invited -12

Synchrotron-based spectromicroscopic analysis of diamond-like carbon films

Sarayut Tunmee1

1Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization)

Abstract The principle of synchrotron-based spectromicroscopy techniques, sample requirements, typical measurement, and data analysis is presented. Particularly, the combination of photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS)/X-photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a spectromicroscopy technique using synchrotron light source to characterize the chemical information of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films and related materials. The PEEM and NEXAFS/XPS techniques enables us to make a sensitive evaluation of the surface structure together with the chemical states. It has become a valuable tool for the investigation of corrosion and wear traces on DLC films. The main part deals with DLC applications relating to several industries, for example, automotive parts, medical devices, packaging, cutting tools, and hard disk drive, to give an impression of the capabilities of the method over a wide range of research and technological problems.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 184 Invited -13

Rotary Magnetic Refrigeration Prototype: Initiative Research and Prototype Development in Thailand

Ratchatee Techapiesancharoenkij1

1Kasetsart University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract A rotary magnetic refrigeration (MR) prototype is designed and developed in this work. The numerical simulation of the MR with Gd magnetocaloric materials (MCM) and layered La-alloy MCM were performed to compare the MR performance. The MR prototype consists of (i) the rotary permanent magnet (PM) system, (ii) the active magnetic regenerators (AMR, and (iii) the heat exchange fluid flow controls. The rotary magnet system was designed using COMSOL AC/DC module. The rotary PM system was built and tested with the resultant maximum magnetic field of 0.65 tesla and minimum field of 0 tesla. Two types of the AMR bed contains packed Gd MCM and La-alloy MCM. The temperature of MCM solid refrigerant increases with adiabatic magnetization and decreases with adiabatic demagnetization. Heat exchange fluids must be used to exchange and transport heat from the MCM refrigerants to cold and hot heat exchange units. The preliminary test showed that the MR prototype exhibits the maximum temperature span of 1 – 2 oC at no thermal load. The MR prototype demonstrated the magnetocaloric effect. The ongoing development and improvement of the MR prototype is to improve the temperature span and cooling power with more effective fluid flow and heat exchange of the MCM refrigerants.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 193 Invited -14

Flexible thermoelectric Device: From materials to applications

Aparporn Aakulkalavek

Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Thermoelectric (TE) materials offer a way to convert waste heat energy into electrical power, based on the Seebeck effect. The TE energy-harvesting mechanism of a material is that when a temperature gradient (ΔT) is applied, the charge carriers (electrons for n-type materials or holes for p-type materials) from the hot side diffuse to the cold side. As a result, an electrostatic potential (ΔV) is induced. TE materials can also convert electrical power into thermal energy (i.e., cooling or heating) based on the Peltier effect. The Peltier effect is essentially the inverse of the Seebeck effect. TE devices exhibit many advantages, such as having no moving parts, no moving fluids, no noise, easy (or no) maintenance, and high reliability. The typical structure of a thermoelectric device is between Al₂O₃ (a type of ceramic) substrate. Al₂O₃ is an inflexible and hard material. Unfortunately, many devices that offer heat sources have arbitrary shapes rather than flat surfaces. It is therefore difficult to capture the heat efficiently with the conventional flat and inflexible thermoelectric device. The present work reports on the fabrication of flexible thermoelectric device. The device was fabricated on polymer substrate using Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 thermoelectric elements. In the end, we point out the challenges and outlook for the future application of flexible thermoelectric materials and devices.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 185 Invited -15

Synchrotron X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (SXAS): An Advanced Characterization Tool For Nano-scaled Materials and Physics

Rattikorn Yimnirun

Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The local structure information in dielectric materials could be investigated by a combination of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Synchrotron X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (SXAS) techniques. In this work, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 crystals were investigated for their local structure information under the influence of temperature and electric field. The X-ray Absorption Near edge structure (XANES) and Extended X-ray absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectra at the Ti K-edge were measured and compared with simulation done by FEFF8.2 program. The experimentally obtained different behaviors of the local structure were compared at various temperatures and applied electric fields. The polarization behavior of PZT crystals was discussed in term of the changes in the local structure.

lii

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 186 Invited -16

Novel Perovskite Processes for Solar Cells and LEDs

Pongsakorn Kanjanaboos1

1Mahidol University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Perovskite materials have gained tremendous attention for various applications in optoelectronics due to their charge/photon conversion capability and simple fabrication via solution processing i.e. spin coating, spray coating, dipping coating, and roll-to-roll printing. As precursor inks are in liquid form, doping and compositional tuning are facile. Due to the fact that precursor inks solidify into perovskite thin films, solvent engineering techniques, which affect perovskite nucleation and growth during deposition and crystallization processes, become an important tool to achieve desired properties for specific applications. In this talk, we will discuss a number of solvent engineering techniques developed at our laboratory at Mahidol University like repeated cation doping, swift cation doping, mixed cation doping, vacuum-assisted deposition, vacuum-assisted crystallization, sequential spray deposition, and solvent tuning and explore how these novel techniques could help unleash full potentials of perovskite thin films for solar cells and LEDs.

liii

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 195 Invited -17

What controls oxygen isotopes in stalagmites? Answers from a daily resolved precipitation record from peninsular Thailand

Ludvig Löwemark1

1Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University

Abstract Stable oxygen isotopes in terrestrial archives such as e.g. speleothems or tree rings are commonly used to reconstruct past variations in precipitation. However, although rainfall on historical time scales appears to show a reasonable correlation to yearly averaged stable oxygen isotope values, the actual mechanisms behind this correlation are complex. To improve our understanding of the climatic and meteorological processes controlling δ18O in the precipitation over peninsular Thailand, daily rain water samples were collected at the Krabi Airport Meteorological Station. For daily δ18O values, only a very weak correlation with rain amount was detected, indicating that the amount effect (sensu stricto) does not play a major role on the isotopic composition of the rain water. Comparison to outgoing long wave radiation, a proxy for local convection, shows that short term variability in δ18O is best explained by variations in local convection. In contrast, monthly amount weighted isotope values show a weak, but significant, correlation to monthly precipitation amount, indicating that moisture source, mixing processes, and rainout history play a more important role in controlling long term variations in δ18O. More importantly, there is a rather strong seasonal pattern in the isotopes of the rain water, suggesting that the source regions of winter and summer monsoon play an important role in controlling the isotopic values in precipitation. Consequently, shifts in stalagmite oxygen isotopes are more likely reflecting changes in the relative importance of the different monsoon systems than absolute rain amounts. Moreover, in a short pilot study, two months of daily drip water were collected from a cave in the Krabi province and compared to the rain water data. Even though short, the time series suggests that cave waters were close to yearly average and that extreme rain events may be recorded, although strongly muted, with a lag of a couple of weeks.

liv

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 200 Invited -18

Fukushima: Plan to Dump Treated Radioactive Water into Pacific Ocean; “What We Should Know”

Usa Kullaprawithaya1

1Nuclear Society of Thailand

Abstract As a result of the Fukushima accident in 2011, not only is radionuclides released into the atmosphere, but also large amount of contaminated water are accumulated from cooling water, ground water and rainwater at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Over 1 million metric tons of waste water has been contained in steel tanks crammed onto the Fukushima campus 10 years later. The storage capacity will be reached in late 2022. There is no other choice, Japan by TEPCO announced in April 2021 that it planned to release 1.25 million tons of treated wastewater contaminated from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean. The announcement raised many concerns from many countries and NGOs. What’s about Thailand? What we should know and do if Japan will go on with its plan to dump contaminated water with long half-life Cs-137 and H- 3 into the ocean in another two years from now on. This will take decades to complete the task and we need a long-term plan in accordance with the TEPCO plan.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 199 Invited -19

NARIT Center for Optics and Photonics activities and development plan

Christophe Buisset1

1National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The NARIT Center for Optics and Photonics Laboratory aims at designing, developing and commissioning cutting-edge optical instruments. This, by targeting the following thematics: astronomy, space, remote sensing, microscopy and optical surfaces manufacturing. This center includes two laboratories: the Laboratory for Space and Astronomy (LOSA) and NARIT Astropark (Chiang Mai) and at the Laboratory of Optics and Photonics for Industrial Applications (LOPIA) currently in development at NARIT Regional Observatory of Songkhla. Our team consists of more than 10 people (opto-mechanical engineers, PhD students and post-docs) working together to design, develop and evaluate the performance of our instruments. Our work encompasses a wide range of activities: definition of the design concept, specification, optical and mechanical design, assembly, integration, alignment and performance verification. In this talk, I will first present our current facilities and our team. Then, I will present the current project already started at LOSA, the main results we have obtained and the next steps. Finally, I will describe the activities that we plan to develop at LOPIA for the 2021-2030 time period.

lvi

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 201 Invited -20

NIMT researches on quantum-based measurement standards laying foundation for new metrological traceability in Thailand

Sivinee Sawatdiaree1

1Electrical Metrology Department, National Institute of Metrology

Abstract The International System of Units (SI), a successor of the Metric System, has been the corner stone of modern metrology since the time of the French Revolution. The SI was revised significantly in 2019. The revision transformed the SI from a unit-based system to a constant-based system. The new SI is defined by a set of seven constants. NIMT has initiated three research projects to research and build three measurement standards that realise the new definition of the SI. They are an optical atomic clock of Yb ion, a quantum impedance bridge and a Kibble balance. This paper will report on current state of the latter two projects. This will include theoretical background, experiment plans and designs of some major experimental parts. The report will be concluded by providing an outlook of the projects.

lvii

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 187 Invited -21

Development of Optical Coherence Tomography as Innovative Tools for Biomedical Research and Applications in Thailand

Panomsak Meemon1

1School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology

Abstract Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical imaging technology that uses low temporal coherence of broadband near infrared light to image depth cross-section structure of biological sample at micrometers resolution. OCT uses the low coherence of light as a selection window to noninvasively and precisely gate light reflection and scattering at specific depth location underneath the sample’s surface and uses this information to reconstruct depth-resolved structure of the sample. Over the past ten years, we have researched on various designs and implementations of OCT techniques at Suranaree University of Technology. In this talk, I will discuss various advanced systems and techniques of OCT for non-invasive imaging and characterization of biological tissues. Several examples of applications of our developed systems in the field of material science, biology, biomedical research, environmental research, and agriculture will be presented.

lviii

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 197 Invited -22

Implications of half a century of research on alternative conceptions/misconceptions for physics education

Manjula Devi Sharma1

1School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Abstract While the teacher attempts to guide their students to ‘correct’ ideas, the students brings to bear prior knowledge, their intuition, everyday experiences and conversations/readings when constructing their understandings. The learner goes through ‘wrong’ dead ends, meanders along different alleys; slowly changing and every now and then producing what the teacher delights in hearing. The process of guiding students to scientifically congruent ideas is convoluted and documented in research as alternative conceptions or misconceptions. What is reassuring for researchers and educators is that there are identifiable, consistent and enduring patterns of alternative conceptions or misconceptions across different countries. The solution is to find ways through which these can be addressed. Over half a century, a range of tools have been identified as well as validated ways though which the educator can measure and ascertain if their teaching and/or curriculum materials are effecting change in student learning. A key finding which is often not reported is how students develop over their years of physics study; what are their trajectories of changing conceptions. If they don’t ‘overcome’ misconceptions in first year, can they ‘overcome’ them later on if not explicitly taught? In this talk I will summarise the field, the contributions of my research team from Australia and Thailand, from multimedia, Veritasium YouTube Channel to conceptual surveys.

lix

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 198 Invited -23

Student Eye Tracking Study in Interpretation of Simple Harmonic Motions

Pornrat Wattanakasiwich1,2

1 Department of Physics and Materials Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50000, Thailand; 2Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Commission on Higher Education, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract This study aimed to investigate student understanding of graphs in simple harmonic motions using eye-tracking technique and an interview. Twenty- three university students participated in answering 11 multiple-choice questions, adopted from Somroob & Wattanakasiwich (2017). Students’ responses and visual attention were recorded by an eye tracker and they were interviewed to provide reasoning on their answers. As results, students had similar misconceptions found in previous studies. The heat map from eye- tracking technique helps to identify and categorized student abilities in interpreting graphs. Their interpretations could be categorized into novice, mixed-model and experienced state.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 194 Invited -24

Towards Explainable Natural Language Modeling with Quantum Tensor Networks

Thiparat Chotibut1

1Chulalongkorn University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Deep Learning (DL) has empowered computers with superior performance in modern Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, such as sentiment analysis and machine translation. Even for texts with long-range correlations such as sequences of characters in Wikipedia, DL can effectively express the power-law decay in the mutual information between two distant characters. Despite empirical successes, its intrinsic non-linearity complicates the analysis of algorithmic behaviours. Which network architectures and how many parameters are essential to reproduce long-range correlations are important yet theoretically challenging questions to tackle. Here, we attempt to provide systematic answers through the mapping between DL and its matrix product state (MPS) counterpart. By recasting DL as MPS, we show that the number of parameters required to achieve high performance in sentiment analysis, and to reproduce power- law decay in the mutual information in Wikipedia texts, can be efficiently extracted from the entanglement entropy in the dual MPS. Our work utilises tools in many-body quantum physics to resolve explain ability issues of NLP, and more generally of sequence modelling.

lxi

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract of Oral Presentation

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 125 O01-01-125

The Pointing Model of 4.5-m Small Radio Telescope at NARIT

Nakornping Namkham1, Nattawit Chanwedchasart1, Phrudth Jaroenjittichai1, Nikom Prasert1

1National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Organization) Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The efficiency of a radio telescope decisively depends on its pointing accuracy. Telescope’s pointing model (PM) contains repeatable errors due to the antenna control system’s imperfections, which can be corrected during observation. The 4.5m Small Radio Telescope (SRT) has been developed for education and experiments, at Astropark, National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT), Chiang mai (18°N 51’ 5’’ and 98°E 57’ 27’’). We have implemented a 10-cm optical camera system installed on the SRT’s antenna structure to measure the offset of individual pointings covering all sky direction, which then are modelled and the telescope’s PM is obtained. Here, we report preliminary results of SRT’s PM, where we obtain for each epoch -551.116 and 3811.549 arcsec for Azimuth encoder offset, and 1217.105 and -3343.866 arcsec for Elevation encoder offset. More accurate results can be obtained with better sky coverage observation.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 177 O01-02-177

Profile Frequency Evolution of PSR J0828-3417 and PSR J1057- 5226 with Parkes’s Ultra-Wideband Low Receiver (UWL)

Thanapol Chanapote1, Phrudth Jaroenjittichai1, Simon Johnston 2, Michael Kramer3, Charlotte Sobey 4,Teep Chairin4

1National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand 260 Moo 4, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai, 50180, Thailand 2Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO, Epping NSW 1710, Australia 3MPI für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany 4CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, 26 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Frequency evolution of the pulsar’s emission contains information of the emission region and the pulsar’s magnetosphere. The ultra-wideband low receiver (UWL) covering 704 to 4032 MHz recently installed on the 64-m Parkes radio telescope allows us to investigate this topic, which normally requires multiple radio telescopes at different observing bands operating simultaneously. The filterbank data of PSR J0828-3417 and PSR J1057- 5226, observed on February 18 and March 3, 2019 for ~3.3 and ~1.5 hours respectively with the UWL, were obtained through the Parkes Pulsar Data archive on the CSIRO Data Access Portal. The data have been processed using the pulsar software package PSRCHIVE. For PSR J0828-3417, a mode-switching pulsar, we analysed single pulse data generated with sub- integration time of ~1.8 seconds equivalent to its spin period. However, in the case of PSR J1057-5226, an orthogonal pulsar with spin period of ~197 milliseconds, we ignored single pulse analysis and processed with sub- integration time of 1 second. In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency evolution of the pulse profiles of these two pulsars simultaneously observed in a wide frequency range which excludes the effect of time evolution. To investigate the frequency evolution, the 3328-MHz bandwidth data were divided into 13 256-MHz sub-bands, which were then compared to identify prominent frequency-varying components. We also measured the power spectra and spectral indices of those pulsars.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 052 O01-03-052

Fitting electron spectrum from AMS-02 by pulsar-wind nebulae

Kritaporn Butsaracom1, Maneenate Wechakama 1

1 Kasetsart University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract In this work, we use the latest data of the total flux of cosmic-ray electrons from AMS-02. The AMS02 data are comprehensive in between a few GeV to TeV. We find a global fit for the electron spectrum. The global fit is a smoothly broken power-law model that is compatible with the observation. We consider a background model for the production of electrons in the Milky Way galaxy. We assume that the pulsar-wind nebulae (PWNe) is a major source of the excess of high-energy electrons. The electrons propagate in a short length, they easily lose their energy during traveling through the interstellar medium (ISM). The loss rate of high-energy electrons that diffuse through ISM from the origin are synchrotron radiation and inverse Compton scattering. We study the nearby pulsars in between the distance 50 – 1000 pc from the Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF) pulsar catalogue to fit the pulsar spectrum by using the Green’s function of the propagation of electrons model. Some parameters in the pulsar catalogue are constrained. We use the model that consists of a single pulsar and combined pulsars, e.g. with two and three pulsars. The electrons spectrum fits well with the background model and PWNe. Finally, we adopt the reduced chi-square to find the best-fit of the pulsar model.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 097 O01-04-097

Upper limits on dark matter annihilation by cosmic-ray electrons and positrons in the solar neighbourhood

Suwitchaya Setthahirun1, Maneenate Wechakama1

1Kasetsart University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract We aim to compare upper limits on dark matter annihilation by different measurements of cosmicray electrons and positrons in the solar neighbourhood. We focus on dark matter annihilation into electron-positron pairs. The propagation of electrons and positrons is described by a diffusion- loss equation. We consider energy loss processes such as inverse Compton scattering, synchrotron radiation and ionization. We use the data of cosmic- ray electrons and positrons in the solar neighbourhood detected by AMS-02, PAMELA, H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT to estimate the upper limits on the dark matter annihilation cross-section. The upper limits on the dark matter annihilation cross-section for different annihilation channels are derived by comparing the observational data with the electron and positron spectrum from our models. The tightest constraint is provided by the positron data of AMS-02 for the electron channel. Dark matter masses below a few GeV are excluded by positron data of AMS-02 for the electron, muon and tau channels.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 018 O01-05-018

An investigation of Aharonov-Bohm effect towards the potential use for the gravitational wave detection

Chitipat Deesamer1, Nontapat Wanwieng2, Poemwai Chainakun3, Apimook Watcharangkool4

1Suranaree University of Technology 2Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Road, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand 3School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand 4National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, 260 Donkaew, Maerim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract We investigate an alternative way to detect the gravitational wave using the concept of Aharonov-Bohm experiment in curved space-time. Our system consists of an electron beam which is split into two beams passing opposite sides of the solenoid and producing interference patterns. The change in interference patterns can be observed if the system is perturbed by the gravitational wave, and can be used to trace back to the nature of the gravitational wave. This system is described by the cylindrical coordinate in Minkowski spacetime where we set the incoming wave propagating in the z-direction, perpendicular to the solenoid’s cross section. We found that the perturbation on the cross section area due to gravitational strength is not significant enough to change the phase shift. Contrarily, by changing the magnetic field generated by the current inside the solenoid, the results suggest that the significant phase shift could potentially be detected if the gravitational wave is allowed to propagate in the direction that is perpendicular to z-direction.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 028 O01-06-028

Galaxy Evolution in Different Environment Within Redshiftz~0.8 Universe

Ponlawat Yoifoi1, Wichean Kriwattanawong 1

1Chiang Mai University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The distribution of galaxies in the universe can be studied via several catalogs of galaxy survey. In this research, galaxy sample was collected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 15 (DR15) database. This database contains a huge number of galaxies for studying the extragalactic field, e.g., the physical parameters of galaxies in the cluster, and the large- scale distribution of galaxies. For the large-scale distribution, matter in the universe is believed to distribute uniformly. It is connected together like the filament surrounding the empty space. However, the matter density along the redshift may not uniformly distributed, thus it may differently affect the behavior of galaxies with different redshift. This study focuses on the physical parameters in two different sky areas with the range of redshift 0.0 z .8, to analyze the number density of galaxy, the evolution in galaxy’s colors, and star formation activities. The selected sky areas are two areas, which≤ ≤ 0 have Right Ascension (RA) at 10hr and 14hr. Both RAs cover in -0.5° to 23.5° Declination range. We expect that the variation of some physical parameters in correspondence with redshift value could be used to explain the evolution of galaxies in each hierarchical of times. The study of the different areas and redshift may help us to understand the galaxy evolution in different areas and redshift in the universe. In summary, the number density is not clearly different, although the Declination and RA of the sky areas are disparate. However, the number density still steeply declines along the redshift direction. Considering the number density together with galaxies’ Hα emission line from spectroscopic data, we find that both EW(Hα) and Hα flux similarly tend to decrease like the number density trends. Furthermore, the galaxies’ color trend is found to be redder as a function of the redshift.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 048 O01-07-048

Calibrating the Global Star Formation Rate Indicator at Rest-frame 48 GHz Free-free Emission in z 2 Star- forming Galaxies ∼ Karnchana Aroonrueang1

1Chulalongkorn University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The accurate and efficient estimator of the star formation rate (SFR) is a powerful tool to study galaxy formation and evolution. However, such an estimator has proven challenging to derive for high-redshift star-forming galaxies because of the observing limitations: the interstellar dust attenuation in dusty star-forming galaxies at ultraviolet and optical makes it hard to obtain accurate SFRs by using the SFR indicators at these conventional wavelengths, their faintness due to great distances makes it hard to detect them without best-in-class telescopes, and there are often significant contaminating radiation from the jets of active galactic nuclei (AGN; if present) in addition to massive young stars that traces SFR if low- frequency (below rest-frame 30 GHz) is used as an SFR indicator. To avoid these limitations, we introduce a new SFR indicator used for high-redshift star-forming galaxies – free-free emission at high-frequency radio waves beyond rest-frame 30 GHz. Free-free emission (i.e., Bremsstrahlung) is thermal radiation produced by the deceleration of free electrons when are closed to the atoms dominated by positive charges (i.e., protons). Free-free emission and the facilities used to observe it has the potential to alleviate the aforementioned limitations. In the current work, we present the catalog of 32 star-forming galaxies at z = 0.12–2.65. These galaxies were selected within 4.3σ from Ku band (12–18 GHz) observations using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array covering 88 square arcminutes on the sky. Moreover, the selected galaxies were matched with the galaxies in the COSMOS2015 catalog (Laigle, C., et al. 2016) providing their accurate redshifts and luminosity at other wavelengths of electromagnetic waves. For further work, the selected galaxies with multi-wavelength information from the COSMOS2015 catalog would play an important role in calibrating the star formation rate indicator at rest-frame 48 GHz.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 104 O01-08-104

Preliminary Observation of Asymmetrical Morphology of Crab Nebula

Von Huey Bayer1 and Ryan Manuel Guido1,2

1Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Rizal Technological University, Mandaluyong 1550, Philippines 2Center for Astronomy Research and Development, Rizal Technological University, Mandaluyong 1550, Philippines Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract This study shows the development of the asymmetry of the Crab Nebula through the years and the rate of its expansion in visible wavelength taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. The Rayleigh-Taylor instability is mainly accountable for the existing visible optical filaments which shows the nebula’s asymmetric development is increasing. Images were processed by isolating into quarter sections labeled as NW, SW, NE, and SE. A 3- Dimensional axis scatter plot diagram of RGB pixel values represents data that displays the variances in each region to illustrate asymmetry to observe its rate of expansion. The concentration of the blue filaments (O iii) is close to the center of the Crab Nebula since that area makes elements energized or excited. The green filaments (S ii) is in between the outer and the inner part of the Crab Nebula, is also the same results in the comparative model computations could be due to the weak Hβ in the [S iii]/Hβ ratios of which has a relatively high sulfur concentration in the southeast edge filaments. The recognized expansion of the Crab Nebula from 2012 is Rexp = 0.135 ± 0.005 percent yr-1 that is significantly larger than the last expansion rate of the Crab Nebula by RPWN t1.264±0.049, which initially thought that the Crab Nebula has an asymmetrical shape is due to the difference in the number of filaments, but the results ∝show otherwise, the filaments in different regions are almost the same, it just varies in the density of filaments in different areas. This indicates that the Crab Nebula has different rates of expansion, different temperatures, and different distribution of atoms in a different region that causes its asymmetry.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 119 O01-09-119

Radio and Optical Observations of the Crab Pulsar

Marcus Halson1, Nakornping Namkham

1 NARIT Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract A pulsar is a highly magnetised neutron star. Misalignment of the rotation and magnetic field axes means electromagnetic radiation is visible from Earth just once per rotation, resulting in characteristic periodicity in observed brightness. Most commonly observed at radio frequencies, the Crab pulsar (PSR B0531+21) is one of only six pulsars known to emit in both the optical and radio frequencies and has a rotation period of 33.502ms [1]. This pulsar has been observed with the 2.4m Thai National Observatory (TNO) telescope at Doi Inthanon 05/02/20 and the 4.5m Small Radio Telescope (SRT) at NARIT Astropark Chiang Mai 08/10/20, where the expected signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios are 90.6 and 8.6, respectively. FFT processing of the output voltage data yields a peak at ~30Hz, corresponding to the 33.502ms period of the pulsar, although there was evidence of extensive radio frequency interference (RFI) across the full frequency range. Applying the same process to the optical data did not produce a significant peak at the expected value. Pulse folding is a process that involves ‘binning’ and summing the data in order to improve the SNR. Applying the technique to the optical data returns the characteristic double-peak profile of the Crab Pulsar though with an unexplained dependence on the chosen bin-width. The same algorithm applied to the radio date did not yield a significant peak.

[1] R. N. Manchester, "The Australia Telescope National Facility Pulsar Catalogue," Astronomical Journal, 2005.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 135 O01-10-135

Astrometric observations of water maser sources to word the Galactic Center with VLBI

Daisuke Sakai1, Tomoaki Oyama2, Takumi Nagayama2, Mareki Honma2, Hideyuki Kobayashi2

1NARIT 2National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) in the Galactic Center region shows outstanding non-circular motion unlike the Galactic disk. Although several models describing this non-circular motion are proposed, and uniform kinematic model of the CMZ orbit is not appeared. Three dimensional velocity velocity information including proper motions will be critical to constrain the orbital models of the CMZ because most of models proposed are devised to reproduce the line-of-sight velocity profiles of the molecular clouds in this region. To reveal the dynamics of the Galactic center region, we conducted VLBI astrometric observations of 22 GHz water maser sources toward the Galactic center with VERA. By measuring parallaxes and proper motions, we can identify whether each source is actually located in the CMZ or not, and identify the three dimensional positions and velocities in the non-circular orbit if the source is located in the CMZ. We show the results of astrometric study for several maser sources associated with molecular clouds toward the Galactic center including Sgr B2 complex and Sgr D HII region. The parallax measurement toward Sgr B2 obtained the parallax of 0.133mas±0.038mas, and its proper motions indicated that Sgr B2 complex is moving toward the positive Galactic longitude with V = 100kms 1 relative to Sgr A . − ∗

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 098 O01-11-098

LBA full polarization observations of the excited OH and methanol masers in G351.417+0.645

Kitiyanee Asanok1, Thanapol Chanapote1, Busaba Hutawarakorn Kramer2, Richard Dodson3, Maria Rioja3; James Green4, Koichiro Sugiyama1

1National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand 2Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie 3International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research 4CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract We will present preliminary results of the full polarization of 6.035-GHz excited OH and 6.668-GHz methanol masers towards a star-forming region G351.417+0.645. These are the first OH and methanol observations made in full polarization using one array and five antennas of the Long Baseline Array (LBA) of Australia, which provided the highest angular resolution measurements of magnetic field directions in milliarcsecond scale in this region. The Astronomical Image Processing System (AIPS) software was used for data reduction. For polarization calibration, we used a linear approximation model (LPCAL task in AIPS) to solve for the D-terms for all antennas using the three calibrators, 1729-373, 1343-601 and 1921-293 observed together with the target sources and then applied the solution to the target source. The polarization position angle (PPA) previously measured from 6.668-GHz CH3OH masers with ATCA for this source was used for referencing the polarization angle correction. The solution for D-terms of the LBA antennas at 6.035-GHz and 6.668-GHz and the linear polarization map in this source from these two maser species at the milliarcsecond scale will be presented. Polarization information of both excited OH and methanol masers will be compared and their implication for magnetic field structure will be discussed in this work.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 061 O01-12-061

Isochrone Fitting of ACS Survey Globular Clusters Using the PAdova and TRieste Stellar Evolution Code (PARSEC)

Nareemas Chehlaeh1

1Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract We present new isochrone fits to color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of five globular clusters including NGC 1261, NGC 1851, NGC 2298, NGC 3201, and NGC 4590. We used archival data obtained from the Advanced Camera for Survey (ACS) on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The data of these five globular clusters were collected V and I filters. In this study, the isochrone fitting to globular cluster CMDs was analyzed using the PAdova and Trieste Stellar Evolution Code (PARSEC), which are the fundamental tool for age and distance estimation and modelling the evolution of stellar clusters and distant galaxies. The main purpose is to estimate the fundamental physical properties of the globular cluster samples using the PAdova and Trieste Stellar Evolution Code (PARSEC) and compare with results from different tools in published articles. The fundamental physical parameters determined in the study are age, metallicity, reddening, and distance modulus. We found that the main-sequence turnoff points of these five globular cluster; NGC 1261, NGC 1851, NGC 2298, NGC 3201, and NGC 4590 are located at V (TO) = 19.3 ± 0.3, V (TO) = 19.7 ± 0.2, V (TO) = 19.2 ± 0.3, V (TO) = 17.8 ± 0.3, and V (TO) = 18.7 ± 0.1, respectively. The theoretical isochrone fits properly with the shape of CMD at the turn-off point that can be used to estimate the age of the clusters. Among the analyzed clusters, the age of NGC 3201 to be 11.3 ± 1.0 Gyr which is the youngest globular cluster compare to the others. Studies of the properties and distribution of globular clusters play an important role in the study of the formation and evolution of the Milky Way.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 101 O01-13-101

Galaxy Clusters & AGN Feedback: The Clusters Hiding in Plain Sight (CHiPS) Survey

Taweewat Somboonpanyakul1

1MIT Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Clusters of galaxies are the largest gravitationally bound objects in the universe, consisting of hundreds of galaxies. However, both theoretical calculations and simulations tend to predict too much cool gas and too many newborn stars. This is referred to as “the cooling flow problem”, and the best candidate for explaining this discrepancy is feedback by the central active galactic nucleus (AGN)–a bright and compact region at the center of a galaxy. Even though most of the clusters show a signature of a powerful jet in the center (kinetic-mode feedback), only a few clusters have extremely- bright AGNs in their central galaxies (quasar-mode feedback). In this talk, I will present the Cluster Hiding in Plain Sight (CHiPS) survey with the goal to search for new galaxy clusters surrounding X-ray-bright point sources. The CHiPS survey has resulted in several new clusters which are massive enough to be detected with other galaxy cluster catalogs. This includes CHIPS01–a typical cool-core cluster surrounding PKS1353-341 with M500~ 7x10^7 Msun and CHIPS1911+4455–a galaxy cluster with large star formation rates in the center. By performing a detailed study of these objects, we can investigate the impact a central quasar has on the intracluster medium and demonstrate the potential of the CHiPS survey to find massive nearby clusters with extreme central properties that may have been misidentified by previous surveys.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 110 O01-14-110

Orbital Period Change of V619 Peg Binary System

RonnakritRattanamala1, SiramasKomonjinda2, SupachaiAwiphan3; Pranita Sappankum1,3, AnirutPhriksee3

1PhD Program in Astronomy, Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand 2Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand 3National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Organization), 260 Moo 4, Donkaew, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai, 50180, Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The study of the period change of V619 Peg was conducted. V619 Peg is an A-subtype of W UMa contact binary. The data was monitored with the 0.7m telescope at NARIT’s Spring Brook Observatory, Australia, in 2019-2020. The time of minima were used to compute the O-C diagram in order to find the system orbital period change and the third body. The results show that the system has an increasing in its orbital period. The O-C residual has a sinusoidal trend which might be caused by the third body component. The third body is a red dwarf with mass 0.16-0.20 Solar mass and period about 10-12 years.

Keywords: binaries: close — binaries: eclipsing — stars: individual (V619 Peg)

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 138 O01-15-138

The study of the strongest solar event on the minimum range of the solar cycle 24

Dechen Peldon1, Bikash Gurung1, Karma Tshering1, Thiranee Khumlumlert2

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand 2Naresuan University

Abstract The strongest solar flares of solar cycle 24 of interested was on September 6, 2017, and it was the number 8 strongest solar flare since 1996. This extreme solar flare in 2017 occurred at the minimum of solar cycle 24. The active region are located in the western hemisphere and produced the violent explosion class X9.3 and X2.2 on September 6 , X1.3 on September 7, and X8.2 on September 10, 2017. The injection duration of the solar energetic particles of the solar event was 17 minutes. We collect data of selected solar event from the Advanced Composition Explorer, which they were simulated for the motion of particles by using the transport equation and solved by the numerical technique. We obtained the injection time of the solar energetic particle propagation by compared fitting between the simulation results and the spacecraft data. We found the time for releasing of high energy particles from the Sun to the Earth was in the range of 39-743 minutes. The coronal mass ejection was detected at the peak time of this solar flare, that affected in increasing the injection time. We can see the effect of this solar flare on the Earth with the value of Kp index was 4, which it didn’t affect the Earth. The value of Kp index has increased to 8 on 7 and 8 September, 2017 due to another solar event occurred from same sunspot region and the effect of CMEs, where aurora was appeared in United States, France, Kazakhstan, and Australia.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 134 O01-16-134

Retrieving exoplanet atmospheric parameters using random forest regression

Patcharawee Munsaket1, Supachai Awiphan2, Poemwai Chainakun1

1Suranaree University of Technology 2National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Characterization of planetary atmospheres is a rapidly developing area. One method that is commonly used to study planetary atmospheres is transmission spectroscopy, which measures the variation of transit depth with wavelength. The retrieval process is one of important process for retrieve exoplanetary atmospheric parameters. However, the traditional retrieval method (e.g. MCMC and nested sampling) consumes a lot of computational time. Therefore, this work aims to apply the random forest regression, one of the supervised machine learning technique, to retrieve exoplanet atmospheric parameters form the transmission spectra observed in the optical wavelength. We found that the random forest regressor can be used for the retrieval, with acceptable accuracy and less computational time consuming compared to the standard fitting technique.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 130 O01-17-130

Detectability of Exomoons by Examining the Signals from a Model of Transiting Exoplanets with Moons Using Transit Fit

Prangsutip Cherdwongsung1, Supachai Awiphan2, Phichet Kittara1, Kittiwit Matan1

1Mahidol University 2NARIT, Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract There are numerous moons orbiting planets in our solar system. This implies the existence of exomoons around exoplanets. The result in previous study shows unique features in Transit Timing Variations (TTV), Transit Duration Variations (TDV) and transit depth signals around the primary and secondary transits of exoplanet transiting models due to moon phase evolution. The aim of this work is examining the variation of TTV, TDV and transit depth signals and relate them to exomoon signals by using TransitFit to fit one-year synthetic star-planet-moon transit light curves. The result shows uncommon shape in fitted TTV, TDV and transit depth signals around moon phase of 0.25 and 0.75 which analogous to the primary and secondary transits. Hence, we can conclude that, by using TransitFit, the appearance of signal of exomoon in TTV, TDV and transit depth signals can be detected.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 179 O01-18-179

Astronomical Seeing Forecast for the Thai National Observatory

Ronald Macatangay1, Somsawat Rattanasoon1

1National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Forecasting the astronomical seeing above an observatory can assist astronomers plan their observations. In this study, the astronomical seeing above the Thai National Observatory (TNO) in Doi Inthanon, Chiang Mai, Thailand was simulated using the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model. The model outputs were then compared to seeing observations using Polaris and the Differential Image Motion Monitor (DIMM). The model outputs can qualitatively capture the variability of the observations moderately well. However, some discrepancies were observed during periods of elevated seeing. Further investigation is therefore necessary, particularly on the vertical profile of the refractive index, by comparing the model outputs with SLOpe Detection and Ranging (SLODAR) observations.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 088 O03-01-088

Holographic RG flows from four-dimensional N=6 and N=2 gauged supergravities

Nutthapat Lunrasri1

1Chulalongkorn University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract In quantum field theories, interactions between particles can be studied by using Feynman diagrams. Calculating Feynman diagrams in strong interaction between particles results in infinity values. This problem can be solved by using a process of renormalization that is the method of removing an infinity. Invariances under scaling form a group called renormalization group. Some renormalization group flows (RG flows) describe deformations of a conformal field theory (CFT) to another conformal or non-conformal theories, resulting in the deformations of a UV conformal fix point to another fixed point or a non-conformal phase in the IR. In this work, we study holographic RG flows from N=6 gauged supergravity with SO(6) gauge group. The solutions describe RG flows from the N=6 CFT to non-conformal field theory in three dimensions driven by mass deformations by the so- called AdS/CFT correspondence or AdS/CFT holography. We also discuss RG flows from N=2 gauged supergravity obtained from a truncation of N=8 supergravity.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 051 O03-02-051

Janus solutions from four-dimensional gauged super gravities with different numbers of supercharges

Tissana Assawasowan1, Parinya Karndumri1

1Chulalongkorn University

Abstract We give a review of holographic conformal defect from AdS/CFT duality via solutions called Janus solutions. Our tool is gauged supergravity in the embedding tensor formalism. Supersymmetric Janus solutions can be obtained by solving BPS equations on AdS sliced-domain wall and generally show a scalar field varying with radial coordinate that is dual to a position- dependent gauge coupling constant in conformal field theory. We mainly focus on the solutions from four-dimensional gauged supergravities with different numbers of supercharges. Each example is discussed and clarified in detail.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 030 O03-03-030

Cumulants Cn of the Chiral Order Parameter in a Nonequilibrium Chiral Bjorken Model Near the QCD Critical Point

Poramin saikham1, Christoph Herold 2

1SUT 2Suranaree University of Technology Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract To understand experimentally obtained net-proton number cumulants in the search for the QCD critical point, we study a dynamical model based on an effective quark-meson Lagrangian with chiral symmetry. We investigate the evolution of the expanding medium created in a heavy-ion collision using a spatially homogeneous fluid and a time-dependent order parameter, the sigma field evolved by a Langevin equation. We extract cumulants of the sigma field along a parametrized freeze out curve and match the obtained freeze out points to corresponding beam energies. These cumulants are related to cumulants of the net-baryon number through the sigma-nucleon coupling to provide a qualitative comparison to experimental data from STAR’s beam energy scan program. We find a skewness that is increasing monotonically with beam energy and nonmonotonic behavior of the effective kurtosis attributed to the presence of a critical region in the underlying model. We furthermore demonstrate that the presence of the spinodal or mixed phase region around the first-order chiral phase transition allows for a wide interval of cumulants at the lowest beam energies.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 045 O03-04-045

20-inch Photomultiplier Tube Timing Study for JUNO

Narongkiat Rodphai1, Narumon Suwonjandee, Burin Asavapibhop1, Zhimin Wang2

1Chulalongkorn University (TH) 1Institute of high energy physics, Beijing Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is now under construction at Jiangmen, Guangdong, China for determination of neutrino mass ordering with 3% energy resolution at 1 MeV, a precise measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters, and other neutrino physics. The central detector is made up from a 35.4 meters diameter acrylic sphere which contains 20 kton of liquid scintillator inside and is surrounded by thousands of 20-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) on its surface. And PMTs performance is one of the JUNO’s key success to reach the high resolution. In this study, the PMT characteristic and its timing related response were determined via the PMT generated signals, extracted from the PMT testing with scanning station system. About 2,400 of micro-channel plate PMTs (MCP-PMTs) and dynode PMTs were analyzed for their response with LED source such as rise time, fall time, transit time spread (TTS), gain, etc., which relate to photon hit on different positions of PMT’s glass surface. Furthermore, we also observed the fluctuation of PMT performance under higher magnetic field which can decrease the PMT photon detection efficiency (PDE).

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 073 O03-05-073

Study of Electroweak Penguin B Decays at Belle II Experiment

Jittapan Ineead1, Shohei Nishida2, Burin Asavapibhop1, Narumon Suwonjandee1

1Chulalongkorn University 2KEK Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The b sll (l = e,µ) transition is a flavour-changing neutral current process that mediates through one-loop penguin or box diagrams. The decay is → considered to be a good probe for the New Physics as particles predicted in the beyond Standard Model theories can enter into the loop. The exclusive decay B K( )l+l was first observed by the Belle experiment, and it provides many observables∗ − such as the branching fraction, CP asymmetry and → forward-backward asymmetry and other angular observables. Recently, the LHCb experiment has reported some clue of a lepton universality violation from the branching fraction ratio of the B Kµ+µ andB Ke+e decays. In this presentation, we report the status of the analysis− of the B −Kl+l decay → → at the Belle II experiment which started the data taking in 2019. We− also → present an activity at the Belle II Chulalongkorn University group where we study the B KJ/ψ decay that has the same topology as the B Kl+l . − → →

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 034 O03-06-034

R-symmetry Breakingin Broken Supersymmetric Vacuumin SUSY Gauge Theory

Sirapat Lookrak1, Udom Robkob1

1 Mahidol University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract R-symmetry and supersymmetry in abelian gauge Wess-Zumino model are determined to be broken spontaneously. At tree level potential, if R- symmetry is spontaneously broken by generalized O’Raifeartaigh superpotential with a Feyet-Iliopoulos term, gauge symmetry will also be broken. If it does not break, gauge symmetry will be preserved. Therefore, an analysis of the one-loop effective potential has to be done when spontaneous R-symmetry breaking without broken U (1) gauge symmetry is possible. At the broken R-symmetry and the broken supersymmetric vacua, a gaugino mass is determined from one-loop self energy.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 108 O04-01-108

Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on Natural Bioactive Compounds of Germinated Brown Thai Hom Mali Rice (Oryza cultiva L.)

Panchalee Prakhongsil1, Surasak Sajjabut1, Roppon Picha1, Nopporn Poolyarat1, Nuatawan Thomrongsiripak1

1Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization) Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Thai Hom Mali Brown Rice (Oryza cultiva L.) is rich complex and beneficial bioactive compounds. Several bioactive compounds are known to accumulate in brown rice during germination process. This study was to investigate the effect of electron beam irradiation for activation bioactive compounds of Germinated Brown Thai Hom Mali Rice, local rice cultivar from Sakon Nakhon province, Thailand. Electron beam setting at energy of 10 MeV; pulse repetition (RPF) at 8; the germinated brown rice samples were irradiated at 0 and 1.0 KGy with two sides of irradiation. After 15 days of irradiation, the samples were taken for evaluate gamma-aminobutyric acid content (GABA), gammaoryzanol, total phenolic content (TPC), ferric reducing ability potentials (FRAP) and DPPH scavenging activities (DPPH), the color characteristics were also determined. Results showed GABA concentrations in non-irradiated and irradiated samples varied from 5.93+0.25 to 7.52+3.59 (mg/g of sample), these level was taken 1.27 fold in irradiated samples increasing than in non-irradiated samples. Colors characteristics showed results of decreasing in whiteness of Hunter L value and increasing in redness of Hunter a value in irradiated samples when compare to non-irradiated samples. Electron beam irradiation were not affected on TPC, FRAP, DPPH activity. This indicated that electron beam irradiation is an effective method for improving bioactive activity of Thai Hom Mali germinated brown rice, however the studies of effect of electron beam irradiation for preserving shelf life of Thai Hom Mali germinated brown rice would be investigated in prolonged studies in the further study.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 016 O05-01-016

Effect electric potential across electrodes for trapping joss stick smoke particles using DBD at atmospheric pressure

Prajya Tangjitsomboon1, Dusit Ngamrungroj 2, Rattachat Mongkolnavin 3

1Department of General Education, Faculty of Science and Health Technology, Navamindradhiraj University 2Department of Social and Applied science, College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s of University Technology North, Bangkok 3Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract One of the factors of respiratory disease is a smoke particle fromair pollution, many researchershave tried to detect and catch it. This aim of experiment was to investigate the effect of electric potential difference of a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) system used for trapping joss stick smoke particle at atmospheric pressure. Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) consists of inner electrode that is made from aluminum wire filaments that are placed randomly in a cylindrical tube. The outer electrode is made from metallic covered with the acrylic tube. The electrodes were connected to a 50 Hz high voltage AC source which was adjusted to 0 V, 5kV, 7kV, and 10kV. A ventilating fan is used for draining the smoke particle from the joss stick through the inner electrode with air flow velocity of 2.68 m/s. Result from the experiment was further compared with a study by simulation. It was found that the smoke particle density for electric potential difference of 0 V and 5 kV were similar; both measured conditions showed highest smoke density values. On the other hand, when the electric potential difference was adjusted to 7 kV and 10kV, it was found that the smoke particles density was decreased by 50%. The experiment also illustrated when the electric potential difference was increased high enough such as produces plasma which was at 7 kV and 10 kV, the smoke particle density released from the tube that it was similar. Nevertheless, when comparing the mass of the inner electrode with plasma condition, it was found that the mass increased more than the operating condition with electric potential difference of 0 kV and 5 kV.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 172 O05-02-172

The corrosion behavior in the plasma torch electrodes

Jintana Pakdeewanich1, Boonyarit Chatthong1

1Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The biggest problem faced by plasma torch operation is the corrosion of electrodes. The effects of corrosion will lead to material loss and a short lifetime of plasma operation. To overcome this problem, the corrosion behavior of electrodes by plasma arc is investigated using Comsol simulation. The plasma arc is generated based on breakdown voltage following the Paschen curve. The five interfaces are provided for studying the corrosion event in electrode; there are heat transfer in solids and fluids interface, electric currents interface, heat transfer in liquids interface, plasma interface, and equilibrium dc discharge in multiphysics interface. Carbon dioxide is used as gas within the torch, while graphite is material for electrodes. Electric potential, initial electron density, and heat flux in the torch are varied to investigate the corrosion rate. The results are concluded in part of accumulated heat rate, convective heat flux, temperature, and collisional power loss at electrodes.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 132 O05-03-132

The Effect of Magnetic Topology of Polywell Fusion Devices on The Electron Confinement Time

Rattacha Boonchoo1, Boonyarit Chatthong 2

1Prine of Songkla University 2Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The polywell fusion reactor is smaller than other types of fusion reactor. Its concept arises from a combination between cusped magnetic confinement and inertial electrostatic confinement. This work uses numerical simulations to investigate the effects of magnetic field topology resulted from various configurations of the polywell fusion device, i.e. cube configuration (6 coils), dodec configuration (12 coils), double-layer configuration (6,8 coils) and disco configuration (26 coils). It is shown that by increasing the number of magnetic coils and the magnitude of magnetic flux density via increasing current in the coils, the electron confinement time increases. Electron injections are applied numerically into each magnetic field topology in order to determine the decay behavior of electron numbers. The electron confinement time is defined by using the curve fitting to the simulation data. The simulation results show the comparison of effective confinement of various polywell fusion configurations device and demonstrate that the double-layer configuration yields the best confinement time. The longest electron confinement time is about 69 ns. Keyword: polywell device, magnetic field topology, confinement time

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 058 O05-04-058

Simulation of 3D vortex jets in plasma torch application

Watcharapon Kongpiboolkid, Rattachat Mongkolnavin

Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The gas tunnel type plasma jet is an effective heat source for thermal processing application such as plasma spraying. The key concept of gas tunnel plasma is its torch configurations, especially the role of the vortex gas flow. This is very important for the stability and energy density of the plasma jet produced. This work studies the flow of gas vortex in 3 dimension using finite element simulation. The simulation is based on solving partial differential equation where the incompressible NavierStokes equation is used as a governing equation that decribes the laminar flow. The geometry of the plasma torch investigated is based on the design by A. Kobayashi. Key parameters investigated are gas pressure, velocity and profile of the vortex. It can be shown that the simulation produce results that are better matched to the experimental result than calculation done in previous works. The simulation can also show detail pictures of the vortex and its properties within the plasma chamber. This study will be useful in design optimization of the plasma torch in the future.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 121 O05-05-121

Effects of Resistivity and Pellet Injection on Edge Localized Modes

Thanaphan Makmool1, Boonyarit Chatthong1

1Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110 Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract High confinement mode or H-mode for fusion plasma in tokamak is an important phenomenon, and it is necessary because many basis quantities are raised up, such as plasma density, pressure, and temperature. These are useful to fusion reaction because both the chance of reaction and temperature are increased, which allows higher fusion power. But plasmas with high pressure and temperature are often difficult to maintain their stability. A periodic release of high energy from plasmas, called edge localized modes, are losses from plasma edge to first wall of tokamak. It can transport plasma particles and energy to damage the first wall. In this work, a simulation code called BOUT++ is used to investigate ELMs mechanism. The effect of resistivity and pellet injection on ELMs are investigated based on the peeling- ballooning three-field MHD module of BOUT++ with taking into account non-ideal physics effects including diamagnetic drift, E x B drift, resistivity, and anomalous electron viscosity. It is found that the ELMs size increase with increasing resistivity via decreasing of Lundquist number. The Lundquist number is inversely proportional to the resistivity, which is varied from 1 x 107 to 1 x 108 and anomalous electron viscosity is 1 x 10-4. In addition, the pressure profile modified by pellet injection from low field side of tokamak can trigger ELMs by changing pressure profile into various shapes. The deposition position of pellet injection affects the behavior of ELMs differently. Therefore, ELMs behavior is studied via two main deposition position of pellet atom including pedestal top and steep pedestal region. And both effect of resistivity and pressure profile modified on ELMs are investigated together.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 118 O05-06-118

Investigation of Interactions of Filaments using Simulations based on 2D fluid equations

Apisit Dang-iad1, Boonyarit Chatthong1

1Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract This work investigates the interactions between two filaments in fusion plasma. Plasma filament is used to investigate dynamics of plasma and energy transport at scrape-off layer (SOL). They play an important role in plasma particles transport at far from SOL. Their mechanism was discovered during both low confinement mode and inter-ELM phase of high confinement mode by using infrared measurements. The mechanism driving of plasma filaments is the formation of an electric field and diamagnetic current field. The keys of movement of filaments come from dipolar electrostatic potential field in perpendicular direction to the magnetic field. Ion and electron are separated by diamagnetic drift, causing magnetic fields to be nonconstant. Electric field is generated by diamagnetic drift. Through E� × B� motion, the filament is driven in outwards direction. This work investigates dynamics of interaction by using fluid equations called STROM2D. The model is implemented in BOUT++ code and run in two-dimension. Initial condition of the two filaments is setup by angle between center of mass and size of the two filaments. Interaction of the two filaments is shown by velocity of the center of mass. Relations of interactions of two filaments were compared with noninteraction case at center of mass. It was found that interactions of the two filaments depend on initial angle, as shown by value of velocity in outwards direction. Initial angle at 0.0- and 180.0-degree yield maximum of outwards velocity at same-sized of filaments. On the other hand, different-sized of filaments have only maximum of outwards velocity at initial angle is 0.0. Two-size of filaments at horizon angle shows that small size in front of center of mass has outwards velocity more than opposite direction.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 114 O05-07-114

ELMs Dynamics Simulations Based on Bifurcation Approach

Danis Klanurak1, Apisit Dang-iad1, Boonyarit Chatthong1

1Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The ELM phenomenon in fusion plasma is studied based on bifurcation concept. Three transport equations including thermal, particle and momentum in toroidal direction are solved simultaneously, resulting in the prediction of plasma pressure, density, and toroidal momentum profiles as functions of time and radius. The transports include both neoclassical and anomalous effects with the velocity shear dependent suppression effect. The results show plasma pressure, density and toroidal momentum profiles versus time and radius. An edge localized mode, ELM, is included in form of thermal loss once the critical pressure gradient has been reached. Frequency and amplitude of ELMs are investigated. The results exhibit ELMs phenomenon in which a periodically drop of pressure, hence a loss of energy can be observed. It is also found that changing of other model variables affect frequency and type of ELMs.

Keywords: ELM phenomenon, frequency of ELMs, type of ELMs

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 076 O05-08-076

An Overview of Data Acquisition and Plasma Control System of Thailand Tokamak I

Pasit wonghabut1, Jiraporn Promping, Kewalee Nilgumhang1, Arlee Tamman 2, Wutthichok Sangwang1, Kamtorn Saidarasamoot1, Nopporn Poolyarat, Sam Dangtip

1Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization) 2TINT Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The first tokamak in Thailand is being setup by Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT) at the Ongkharak site, Nakorn Nayok. In the initial phase of th tokamak, plasma current of 50 kA, with density of 1018 m-3 under the magnetic field of 1.5 Tesla is expected. Plasma discharge of typically 100 ms is foreseen for each shot and a few hundred shots daily. Machine preparation and monitoring prior to, during and after plasma discharge are thus very important. Also during plasma discharge, a few plasma diagnostic systems (DAQ) are activated. Signals from different equipment either for preparation, monitoring, control or diagnostic form a considerably large set of data at a moderate repetition rate and be acquired by a plasma control system (PCS). In this contribution, details of DAQ, will be discussed. The current design of DAQ will include 192 channels with 10-250 kHz for diagnostic, and 5 GB data for daily storage, total of 500 GB storage for one- year operation (100 days).

Keywords: Thailand Tokamak I, DAQ and PCS, Data Acquisition TT-1

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 075 O05-09-075

Plasma Heating System for Thailand Tokamak I

Nopporn Poolyarat1, Jiraporn Promping1, Arlee Tamman1, Thawatchai Onjun1; Somsak Dangtip, Boonyarit Chatthong2, Kewalee Nilgumhang 1, Kamtorn Saidarasamut1, Wutthichok Sangwang1

1Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization) 2Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Thailand Tokamak I (TT-1), the first tokamak in Thailand, is a small size tokamak, currently under a reconstruction by Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT). TT-1 core components, namely vacuum chamber and magnet coils, are previously parts of HT-6M tokamak and are donated from Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP), China. Four sub-systems of TT-1 are under development and reconstruction. Once finished, the TT-1 will be the fundamental infrastructure for fusion research in Thailand. For tokamak fusion, ion temperature is one of key factors among other two, which are ion density and confinement time according to Lawson’s criterion. Despite of lacking of auxiliary heating system in the first phase of TT-1 operation, in this contribution, we present a plan for plasma heating system for TT-1 in order to achieve higher ion temperature. Simulation results of various heating schemes, i.e. ECRH, ICRH, and NBI, etc, will also be presented in this contribution.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 103 O05-10-103

Diagnostic System for PMI Linear device

Arlee Tamman1, Mudtorlep Nisoa2, Dhammanoon Srinoum2, Suttirak Kaewpawong2, Ridvee Taleh3, Watcharin Konsawat2, Kamtorn Saidarasamoot3, Pasit Wonghabut3, Nopporn Poolyarat3, Somsak Dangtip3

1Division of Physics School of Science 2Plasmas and Electromagnetic Wave Science Center of Excellence 3Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization) Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The Plasmas Material Interaction (PMI) Linear device, the only linear device in Thailand, is a plasma source that generating plasma by using helicon wave and maintaining plasma beam by using a strong magnetic field to reduce particle loss. The main purpose of PMI linear device is to serve as a material testing device. In order to serve its purpose, its plasma parameters and characteristic must be well-identified. Thus, the plasma diagnostic system of PMI linear is needed. Langmuir probe (LP) and Local Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OLES) are the main diagnostics to measure the plasma property including plasma density and plasma temperature that can be measure as a function of plasma radius. The plasma beam current is measured by the faraday cup. The property of plasma and beam is the variable parameter that can be used to test the material to qualify the property and increase require the material property for the fusion device such as the inner wall, limiter, diverter, device windows, and measured host material.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 074 O05-11-074

Simulation Study of Supersonic Molecular Beam Injection as Fueling System for Thailand Tokamak I

Jiraporn Promping1, Apiwat Wisitsorasak1, Boonyarit Chatthong1, Kewalee Nilgumhang2, Arlee Tamman3, Pasit Wonghabut2, Wutthichok Sangwang2, Kamtorn Saidarasamoot2, Nopporn Poolyarat, Somsak Dangtip4

1Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University 2Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization) 3TINT 4Mahidol University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT) is setting up the first tokamak in Thailand, dubbed as Thailand Tokamak I (TT-1), at its Nakhon Nayok site. Core components of TT-1 are taken from the previously known HT-6M tokamak, donated by Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP), China. These core components are furnished with four up-to-date sub-systems. Fueling system is one of them and is important to maintain plasma density and improve plasma performance for high efficiency. Among three methods for fueling in a tokamak, namely, gas puffing (GP), supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI), and pellet injection (PI); SMBI is chosen for TT-1. In this contribution, we present a simulation study of single-pulse SMBI for TT-1 to achieve plasma density of 1019m 3, 100 kA of plasma current, and for 100 ms pulse length. We have found that− using SMBI injection speed of 600 m/s, the penetration depth is around 6 cm into the plasma. Therefore, the SMBI is sufficient to penetrate into the plasma core of small tokamak like TT-1. A comparison with other tokamaks of similar size and performance is also made in this contribution.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 077 O05-12-077

Radiation Safety and Licensing Process for Thailand Tokamak Experimental Facility

Kamtorn Saidarasamoot1, Nopporn Poolyarat, Arlee Tamman2, Jiraporn Promping , Pasit Wonghabut1, Kewalee Nilgumhang1, Wutthichok Sangwang1, Panupong Rintarak3, Sam Dangtip

1Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization) 2TINT 3Mahidol University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT) is setting up the new experimental facility for the first tokamak in Thailand, TT-1, at Nakhon Nayok site. The first plasma is likely to discharge with hydrogen or argon. Some preliminary simulation result suggests that X-rays in a wide range of energy is expected; with most likely be absorbed in the vacuum vessel. During operation, there may be a small but considerable amount of high energy X-ray to the experimental hall. TT-1 tokamak is thus classified as radiation device (Class 1), where radiation safety and operating license would still be of concern. This contribution presents a planning to ensure all necessary radiation safety measures is properly incorporated into design and construction of the building complex. Access control, area monitoring, surveillance, and control will all be regulated to comply with safety practices. Also, licensing process for possession and operation is discussed.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 122 O05-13-122

TINT Initiative on Fusion Energy Program in Thailand: Current Status and Outlook

Somsak Dangtip1, Thawatchai Onjun1, Nopporn Poolyara1

1Thailand Institute of NuclearTechnology (Public Organization) Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Fusion Reactions can release a huge amount of energy per reaction and still be clean with no greenhouse gases emission. An alternative energy source of CO2-free and at gigawatt scale production such as fusion energy is on sought to strengthen the electricity stability of our country. Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT) has initiated a newly established department on Plasma and Nuclear Fusion under Center of Excellence in Advanced Engineering and Nuclear Technology (CAEN-Tech) as a platform to link TINT and other nineteen Thai academic and research institutes (CPaF) together. The long term roadmap was laid down with three key areas identified. The first area is on major infrastructures such as the first tokamak with important components; toroidal and poloidal magnets, vacuum chamber etc. and their supporting sub-systems. The tokamak is due to commission at the beginning of 2022. The second major area is on tokamak-related research and development such plasma heating, plasma diagnostics, high-field magnets, high-speed data acquisition for plasma control, advanced materials, and also prediction of plasma behavior under various tokamak operating conditions. The R&D is also foreseen to facilitate from day-to-day applications to potential national programs, e.g., advanced accelerator technology and space exploration. The third major area is on human resource development programs. One activity is organizing ASEAN School for Plasma and Nuclear Fusion (ASPNF). The first school started in 2015 and runs annually since then. It accepts participants from Thailand and ASEAN countries. Lecturers in the school have been kindly supported by CEA, NIFS, ASIPP and IAEA. This contribution will summarize ongoing activities and also present an outlook of the project.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 029 O06-01-029

The acceleration of plasma flow during steady-state collisionless magnetic reconnection

Piyawat Suetrong1, Peera Pongkitiwanichakul1, Theerasarn Pianpanit1, Kittipat Malakit 2, Pakkapawn Prapan 3, David Ruffolo

1Kasetsart University 2Thammasat University 3Mahidol University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Magnetic reconnection is ubiquitous in astrophysical plasmas. It serves as one of the most effective mechanisms to convert magnetic energy into the kinetic energy of particles. Such energy conversion can result in extreme particle acceleration as in solar flares. In many astrophysical environments, the collisional mean free path and the collision time can be much larger than the related length and time scales of the problem, so the plasmas are essentially collisionless. Without collisions, unlike typical fluids, the reconnection inflows exhibit a crossover feature, meaning the incoming plasmas from the two upstream sides of the reconnection region can pass through each other before turning the corner to become outflows. We found that the particles can be accelerated after crossing over to the other upstream side. Importantly, majority of them do so. The acceleration mechanism of the cross-over flow is investigated and analyzed. (grant RTA6280002 from Thailand Science Research and Innovation)

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 109 O07-01-109

Effect of light-induced atomic desorption on atomic vapor pressure in a rubidium glass cell

Kittisak Ketaiam1, Keawko Apiwit1, Thaicharoen Nithiwadee1

1 Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract In atom-based electric field measurement, an atomic vapor in a glass cell is used for detecting electric field signals. The vapor pressure of the atoms inside the cell has to be high enough so that the signal can be recovered from the noisy background. One technique used for increasing the vapor pressure in the glass cell is light-induced atomic desorption (LIAD). By emitting light with higher energy than the work function of the glass, the atoms that had been adsorbed on the glass surface would have a probability to be desorbed. This research reveals the effect of LIAD on the vapor pressure of atoms by probing the saturation spectroscopic signal of rubidium atoms in the vapor cell. We observe the increase in vapor pressure after applying LIAD, which allows us to significantly improve the spectroscopic signal strength. The result will then be exploited for further development in electric field measurement using the atomic sensor.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 128 O07-02-128

Heuristic compactness maximization algorithm for two- dimensional single-atoms traps rearrangement

Tanakrit Mamee1, Nithiwadee Thaicharoen1, Narupon Chattrapiban1, Waranont Anukool1, Pimonpan Sompet1

1Chiang Mai University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Construction of defect-free or zero-entropy arrays of single atoms is the basis towards synthesizing a fully controlled and scalable quantum system in term of the interaction and a number of interacting systems, which is crucial in some applications such as quantum information processing, quantum simulation, and quantum error correction. By starting with cooled atomic cloud from the technique called magneto optical traps(MOT), single-atoms are typically loaded into optical tweezers. In this process, the loading efficiency of singles atoms is limited to have 50 percents probability of successful single-atom loading, due to the collisional pair loss induced by cooling light. This undoubtedly creates some vacancies in an initial loaded single-atom array. In order to obtain a defect-free array, one of various approaches is to rearrange those filled single-atom trap to eliminate vacancies by overlapping the filled trap with a deeper potential trapping beam called moving tweezers and translating the moving tweezers to the target vacancy using 2D-AOD. From here, an efficient rearranging algorithm is required since the rearranging has to be fast comparing to the trapping lifetime. Here we establish an algorithm and computational results based on a heuristic rearranging approach constructing a defect-free compact shape array. In this approach, the vacancies are filled from the inner layer defined by the distance from the center of the loading site by selecting the filling atoms that would minimize a system’s compactness and the algorithm is set to iterate until the compactness is at its local minimum. From the results in 10x10 initial loaded array condition, it is manifested that a compactness of the system increases approaching to the minimum compactness along with increasing algorithm iterations.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 017 O08-01-017

Entanglement of Valence Bond Solid States in Different Topologies

Wuttichai Pankeaw, Pruet Kalasuwan, Teparksorn Pengpan

Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The valence bond solid (VBS) state is the ground state of the Affleck- Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki (AKLT) spin model, which has recently been proved to be the universal resource for measurement-based quantum computation, e.g., the spin-2 AKLT state on the square lattice. The VBS state is defined on various two-dimensional (2D) lattice structures with open and close (periodic) boundary conditions resulting in different topologies such as cylinder and torus, respectively. The AKLT state is derived by using the tensor network state for 2D lattices, specifically the projected entangled pair state (PEPS) approach. Although the AKLT model can be constructed on arbitrary lattice, the spin- and the spin-2 which are formed on the hexagonal and square lattices, respectively, are studied in this work. Entanglement of the system is investigated by equally bipartite partitioning and scaling the total number of sizes to measure the von Neumann entropy. The entanglement values of both systems, spin- and spin-2, in the thermodynamic limit show the exponential decay behavior approaching the saturated value for the case of the open boundary condition, but increase as the logarithmic behavior in the case of the close one.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 053 O08-02-053

Partial Wick Rotation in Quantum Random Walk

Takla Nateeboon1, Sujin Suwanna1

1 Mahidol University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Quantum decoherence occurs when a quantum system undergoes the dynamics that loses its quantum properties over time, and turns a quantum system to its classical counterpart. Wick’s rotation transforms a real-valued time to an imaginary time. When apply to Shrödinger Equation, the equation becomes Diffusion Equation. Instead of fully turns time into imaginary, we investigate the decoherence of a quantum random walk under partial wick rotation, t zt and z C. We found that as the imaginary part of z grow, partial wick rotation increasingly turns Quantum Random Walk into Classical Random→ Walk.∈ This indicates that errors in measurement that affect the phase of a quantum state can result in decoherence which destroys quantum properties.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 160 O09-01-160

Electrostatic Influence on the Excited-State Twisting of Thioflavin T Binding to Bimolecular G-Quadruplex DNA: A Computational Study

Wutthinan Thongyod1,2, Chutintorn Punwong1,2,3, Chittanon Buranachai1, Teparksorn Pengpan1

1Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand 2Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand 3Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Commission on Higher Education, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Thioflavin T (ThT), a cationic fluorescent dye, and the bimolecular G- quadruplex (biGQ) DNA (two guanine-rich single-stranded DNAs, 5’- TGAGGGAGGGGT-3’) have been used to develop an optical sensor for potassium ion (K+) detection based on the fluorescence characteristic of ThT in different environments. Fluorescence intensity of free ThT in non-viscous media is extremely low due to the twisting of the central C-C single bond of the dye on the excited state. In the absence of K+, ThT fluorescence is weak because of a low ThT/single-stranded DNA binding stability. However, the biGQ structure is formed in the presence of K+ leading to the fluorescence enhancement of ThT. The enhancement by the twisting hindrance is found when ThT is embedded into a confined space of biGQ. The detail of the ThT/biGQ system at a molecular level is not completely understood, despite the fact that the ThT/biGQ-based optical sensor is effective for K+ detection. In this study, molecular simulations are performed using a hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) approach to investigate the excited-state twisting of ThT. Our QM/MM simulations show that electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged phosphate groups in the backbone of biGQ play a significant role in the excited-state intramolecular charge transfer process that relates to the twisting of ThT. Importantly, a better understanding achieved from this study would be very beneficial for designing more effective ThT/GQ-based optical sensors.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 032 O10-01-032

The Stability and Electronic Structure of Magnesium Hydride and Magnesium Deuteride Under High Pressure

Chayaphon Boonchot, Prutthipong Tsuppayakorn-aek, Thiti Bovornratanaraks, Udomsilp Pinsook

Abstract The metal polyhydrides have attracted considerable attention because they can evolve into a superconductor with a high value of critical temperature (Tc) under pressure. In this research, we have investigated structures of MgH2, MgH3, and structures that substitution of deuterium instead of hydrogen under pressure 0-300 GPa to determine the stability of structure under high pressure so that it can be used as a fundamental model for future critical temperature calculations. The calculations are performed by using density functional theory (DFT) based code Quantum Espresso in this work. Generalized gradient approximations (GGA) of Perdew- Burke- Ernzerhof (PBE) have been adopted for exchange-correlation potential. The plane- wave energy cutoff is 80 Ry and the set of K points mesh is 12x12x12 for all structures. The band structures reveal the metallic character of the compound. The calculation of energy band structures for MgH2 and MgD2 are not different as the same as MgH3 and MgD3. We found that the convex hull of Mg and H have thermodynamically stable at some pressure and the results of phonon calculations confirm that the structure is dynamically stable.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 155 O11-01-155

Effect of Zr content on the structure and morphology of CrZrN thin films prepared by reactive DC magnetron co- sputtering method

Adisorn Buranawong1,2, Nirun Witit-Anun1,2

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand. 2Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics (ThEP), MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract In this research work, nanostructured chromium zirconium nitride (CrZrN) thin film have been deposited on Si(100) substrates by reactive DC magnetron co-sputtering method without in situ substrate heating and post- deposition annealing. The effects of Zr content, by varied the sputtering currents applied to the Zr target (Izr) in the range of 300 to 900 mA, whereas the current of Cr target was kept at 300 mA, on the structure and morphology of the as-deposited films were investigated. The crystal structure, microstructure, morphology, thickness, and chemical composition were characterized by glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GA-XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques, respectively. The results shown that increasing in Izr not only enhanced the deposition rate but also increased the Zr content in the as-deposited films ranging from 3.9 to 26.5 at%. The as- deposited thin films were formed as a (Cr,Zr)N solid solution, with fcc structure in (111) and (200) plane, where Zr atoms substitute Cr atoms in the CrN lattice. The 2θ diffraction peaks were shifted to the lower value as function of Zr content which obtained by increased Izr. The as-deposited films showed a nanocrystalline structure of CrZrN with the crystal sizes less than 15 nm. The lattice parameters increased from 4.187 to 4.435 Å, whereas the crystallite size decreased from 10.4 to 8.3 nm. The FE-SEM images of all the CrZrN thin films showed compact columnar and dense morphology as a result of various the Zr content.Moreover, the thickness of the CrZrN thin films was in the range of 302 – 421 nm.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 095 O11-02-095

The fabrication of carbon nanotube-silicon hybrid photo detectors using a hydrophobic process of buffered-oxide etchant

Thammika Srisaman1, Yodchay jompol1, Chan thar Soe1, Mongkol Sapankaew1

1Mahidol University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract We present the fabrication of carbon nanotube-silicon (CNT/Si) hybrid photodetectors and their electrical characterizations at ambient temperature under the illumination of a halogen lamp. The hybridized structure of the CNT/Si junction created in this work showed rectifying behavior of a p-n junction diode with a finite-bias voltage across the junction. By using the hydrophobic process of buffered oxide etchant (BOE), we studied the dependence of nanotube concentrations as a function of sheet resistance of the CNT films and their photocurrent generation at a fixed junction area. Our experimental results revealed a linear relationship between the sheet resistance and light transmittance, which was found inversely dependent. As the amount of the CNTs deposited in the etched Silicon area forming a p-n junction increased, the transmittance of light reduced significantly. Therefore, in a thick CNT deposition only a small fraction of light could pass through, which prevents a high efficiency electron-hole pair generation in the Silicon layer. However, the high transmittance of light implies a thin film of CNTs must be used. This results in the formation of film inhomogeneity and high-sheet resistance. Thus, by adjusting the film thickness for a maximum transmittance of light and low-sheet resistance, we showed that a high photocurrent under this optimisation could be achieved in our hybridized structure.The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices was investigated as a function of the light transmittance of the films and the photocurrent generation at zero bias. Our experimental study indicates an ease of fabrication process technique permitting further hybridization of the other nano materials or polymers to be exploited with a significant reduction

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

of the material’s costs and eco-friendly manipulation for future optoelectronic applications. Abstract ID: 100 O11-03-100

Fabrication and optical characterization of reduced graphene oxide/silver nanoparticle hybrid structures for near-infrared photodetection

Chanthar Soe1, Thammika Srisaman2, Mongkol Sapankaew3, Yodchay Jompol3

1Mahidol University 2Materials Science and Engineering Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University 3Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Surface plasmons (SPs) of metallic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were investigated in hybrid structures of thin-film reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for light-sensing applications. The near-infrared (NIR) detection of the hybridized structures was demonstrated in two different device configurations. The first one was obtained by spin-coating of the rGO suspended in deionized water on top of the AgNPs layer that was predeposited on a transparent substrate, making rGO-top/AgNPs films. The second configuration was achieved by depositing AgNPs on top of the rGO film, yielding AgNPs-top/rGO films. Then, the conductive silver epoxy was applied at the corners of the films providing electrical contacts for further electrical characterizations. The measured photoresponse of these devices was studied at ambient temperature for different sizes and geometries of the AgNPs, under a focused beam of the NIR laser (lambda = 975 nm). We found a significant increase of the photocurrent in the rGO-top configuration with a large size of AgNPs (diameter = 200 nm) possessing 70% light transmission of the film. The increase of the photocurrent in this configuration was higher than that obtained in the pristine rGO, the triangular shape of the Ag nanoplates, and the smaller diameter of the AgNPs (30 nm). This observation indicated the local electric field produced by the larger size of the AgNPs that resulted in the stronger localized SPs resonance between

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

the AgNPs and the rGO film. Our results agreed well with a computational simulation using finite-element analysis. This study provides a possible pathway of light confinement over rGO films using AgNPs for large-scale fabrication on transparent and flexible substrates.

Keywords: Surface Plasmons, Reduced-Graphene Oxide, Silver Nanoparticles, Hybrid Nanostructures, Near-Infrared Photodetector

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 011 O12-01-011

Effect of argon annealing method on structural and ferromagnetic properties in Fe-doped SnO2 powders

Suriya Nongkae1

1Mahasarakham Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Nanocrystalline powders of Fe-doped SnO2 (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The powders were calcined in argon atmosphere at 600 oC for 2 h, phase transition from diamagnetic and weak ferromagnetic behavior to a ferromagnetic state. No trace and other magnetic impurity phase was detected in the samples with Fe content up to 3%. The magnetic properties of the calcined samples of Fe- doped SnO2 exhibited ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature with highest magnetization values of 22.54, 383.47 and 434.07 memu/g at 15 kOe for x = 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05, respectively. The room temperature ferromagnetism of samples originate from oxygen vacancy that occur in the argon annealing process. In particular, oxygen vacancy is a significanc role in ferromagnetic coupling corresponding to F-center interaction.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 145 O13-01-145

Magnetocaloric effect of evaporated Fe on Gd foils

Apinya Paowarat1, Peerapat Lekka2, Pongsakorn Jantaratana2

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand, 2Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Commission on Higher Education, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of Fe- coated on magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of Gd foil. The Fe film with thickness 142 nm and 193 nm was grown on both side of 500 m Gd foil using evaporation. Magnetic properties of the samples were investigated using vibrating sample magnetometer. The magnetic entropy change was calculated from the isothermal magnetization measurements under in-plane and out-of-plane applied magnetic field of 10 kOe. The maximum entropy changes obtained from in-plane isothermal magnetization measurement for 142 and 193 nm Fe-coated samples were comparable to that of the Gd foil (3.1 J/kg K). The entropy change calculated from out-of-plane isothermal magnetization measurement for Fe-coated Gd sample higher than that of the pure Gd sample. The enhancement of MCE behaviors was explained by magnetic field amplification due to the coating layers.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 096 O13-02-096

Near-infrared photodetection using graphene sheets coupled with metallic nanoantennas

Yodchay Jompol1, Sasipa Kanchanaluk2, Mongkol Sapankaew2

1Mahidol University 2Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Owing to its strong light-matter interaction, graphene has been considered the thinnest nanomaterial that could pave the next generation of optoelectronic and photonic applications. Here, we present an experimental consideration of using plasmonic properties of graphene sheets coupled with metallic nanoantennas towards the fabrication of a THz detector. The detection of the photocurrent in the graphene sheets was studied as a function of the number and period of the antennas that were lithographically defined on top of the encapsulated graphene by atomic-layer deposition of aluminium oxide (Al2O3). We found negative photocurrent in all investigated samples that could be described due to the scattering of excess charge carriers under the excitation of near-infrared (NIR) laser (lambda=975nm) at 435 mW power. The negative photocurrent was obtained by about 3% for a given period of the antennas but increased significantly up to 77% above that without the use of antennas. This finding indicates the plasmonic enhancement in graphene by coupling with nanoscale conducting objects. Such a change in the photocurrent at a given bias implies that the graphene sheet resistance is less significant than the optical sheet resistance where the quantum resistance of graphene is set to h/4e2 approx. 6.5 kOhm, where h Planck’s constant and e electric charge. The device photoresponsivity up to 2 mA/W was achieved at a maximum illumination power with a few-second time response. This slow detection of our graphene devices implied a long diffusion length within the device channel of the high purity graphene sheet. Further improvement to gain the device’s sensitivity could be achieved by optimizing the device dimensions and implementing a large number of metallic nanoantennas for high-efficiency plasmonic coupling.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 165 O13-03-165

Development and Study on Mechanical Properties of Small diameter Artificial Blood Vessel By using Electrospinning and 3D Printing

Anatvida Sukchanta1

1Suranaree University of Technology Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Small-diameter artificial blood vessel is synthesized with a diameter less than or equal to 6 millimeters. This technique has been utilized in coronary artery bypass grafting, in order to treat the coronary artery disease. Currently, the problem from coronary artery disease is still found in common, in addition to aortic aneurysm caused by incompatibility of mechanical properties between artificial blood vessel and local blood vessel in patient body. This research purpose to solve mentioned problems by fiber electrospinning and 3D printing, due to many kinds of material is supported, easily to change any parameter, and low cost. Moreover, the importance of 3D printing is able to determine the patterns of blood vessel as desire for the patient, who got damage in specific part of the blood vessel. In this research, we tried to develop a novel design for a small-diameter polylactic acid (PLA) vascular graft with 4 mm of inner diameter by comparing the wall with different thickness. The developed small-diameter vascular graft be mechanical testing which are young’s modulus, tensile stress, elongation at break, compliance, burst pressure, suture retention, and contact angle for wetting capability that is a important property for cell culture of vascular graft. Finally, researchers expect to achieve new technical methods and conditions for synthesizing smalldiameter artificial blood vessel by two early methods, including artificial blood vessel with proper mechanical properties for utilizing in coronary artery bypass grafting.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 107 O14-01-107

Fabrication of encapsulated graphene-based heterostructure using molybdenum as edge-contacts

Illias Klanurak1, Kenji Watanabe2; Takashi Taniguchi3; Sojiphong chatraphorn1, Thiti Taychatanapat1

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University 2Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan 3International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Graphene is an intriguing platform to study exotic quantum transport phenomena due to its intrinsically high mobility and remarkable electronic properties. To achieve high-performance device, graphene is usually encapsulated between thin sheets of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) to protect graphene layer from extrinsic impurities. Cr/Au is typically employed to make contacts with the edges of the heterostructure. In this research, Mo is used as an alternative electrode for graphene without adhesion layer to simplify the fabrication process. hBN-graphene-hBN heterostructures were fabricated by a pick-up technique and etched in O2/CHF3 gases to expose graphene edges. Mo contacts were deposited onto the substrates by sputtering. We achieved ohmic contacts between graphene and Mo. The contact resistance reaches the maximum of around 1,300 Ω·μm at charge neutrality point and decreases to 975 Ω·μm at the density of 4×1012 cm-2. We observed that the contact resistance increases over time likely due to the oxidation of Mo but remained ohmic after 2 months. The intrinsic transport characteristics of graphene can still be obtained by using four-probe measurement. Here, we realized a high-quality twisted bilayer graphene device with a room-temperature mobility of 27,000 cm2/v·s indicating that Mo can be used as edge-contacts to probe the transport properties of graphene.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 124 O15-01-124

Planar multi-layer perovskite solar cell with graded energy band structure via fast-drying spray deposition

Waris Tuchinda1, Koth Amratisha1, Atittaya Naikaew1, Ladda Srathongsia1, Pimsuda Pansa-Ngat1, Pongsakorn Kanjanaboose1

1Materials Science and Nano Engineering University: Mahidol University Corresponding Author: d [email protected]

Abstract Over the past years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted a lot of interest by exhibiting desirable properties like dynamically tunable electronic band structures, suitable electromagnetic waves absorbance, and long charge carrier diffusion length. Moreover, PSCs are also solution- processable, which, when combined with their excellent photovoltaic properties, further heightens the technology’s attractiveness. That being said, manufacturing constraints still exist as a major paradigm that has to be overcome in order to commercialize large-scale PSCs. As an alternative to spin coating, recent progress saw spray coating assuming dominance as a promising candidate for scale-up PSCs manufacturing. This research utilizes a proprietary automated spray coating system and leverages its innate characteristic of depositing quickly-dried films to stack multiple perovskite active layers without causing unwanted re-dissolution. By engineering optimum stoichiometric formulas for each of the perovskite layers, a stacked architecture of perovskites absorbers with spatially graded energy levels can be manufactured. Properly graded energy levels form built-in electric fields within the perovskite layers, which induce preferential drift-diffusion movement of electron-hole pairs to their respective transport layers and reduce carrier back recombination. To achieve graded energy band levels, Csx(FA0.853MA0.147)((1-x)/100)PbI2.55Br0.45 triple cation mixed halide perovskite system is chosen. By varying the ratio of cesium to the organic cations in the system, shifts in energy band structures can be observed via ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). First, a series of preliminary testings are done on the relationships between the spray coating system’s deposition parameters and the resulting film thickness and morphology. Afterward, cross-section views from scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

and carrier quenching characteristics from photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) are used to confirm the existence of multi-layer perovskite films. Finally, planarNIP structure solar cell devices are fabricated and tested to investigate the effects of graded energy structure in comparison to the non- graded counterparts.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 120 O16-01-120

The thermo-viscous and shock remanent magnetization recorded in the Chesapeake Bay impact crater, Virginia.

Radchagrit Supakulopas1,3, Sonia M. Tikoo2,3

1Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110 Thailand 2Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States 3Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract During impact events, planetary crusts experience high pressures that can impart rocks with shock remanent magnetisation (SRM) if an ambient magnetic field or demagnetise rocks if a field is absent. If rocks experience substantial impact heating or are pressurised above ~40 GPa (inducing melting and recrystallization) they may instead record a thermo-viscous remanent magnetisation (TVRM) as they cool below their Curie temperatures. Understanding impact re-magnetisation is crucial for studying terrestrial impact craters, but also unraveling the history of long-lived core dynamo fields on other planetary bodies. In this research we studied impact- related re-magnetisation recorded in natural rock samples from the Chesapeake Bay impact crater, Virginia. As a case study, here we discuss the natural remanent magnetisation (NRM) of two samples of different rock types: a suevite (sample ITH9-UI, depth 1.40 km beneath the ground) and a schist (sample STH32, depth 1.67 km beneath the ground) using thermal and alternating field demagnetisation. The suevite represents a sample that contains material that experience impact remelting, whereas the schist represents an unmelted rock. From the NRM spectra, we found that the sample ITH9-UI was remagnetised by TVRM due to impact-related heating, while the sample STH32 shows the indication of shock demagnetisation.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 087 O16-02-087

Multiple Suppression for 2D Marine Seismic Data Using Surface-related Multiple Elimination and Parabolic Radon Filtering

Pimpawee Sittipan1 and Pisanu Wongpornchai1

1Chiang Mai University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Marine seismic reflection method is widely used in petroleum industry to map and interpret the potential of petroleum reservoirs. Surface-related multiple reflections are particular problem in marine reflection seismic investigation, as they often obscure reflections from imaging targets. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of the combination of surface-related multiple elimination (SRME) and parabolic Radon filtering. SRME is a model-based and data-driven method which does not need any assumptions about subsurface velocities, positions and reflection coefficient of the reflector causing multiple reflections. Parabolic Radon filtering, a moveout- based method, applied for residual multiple reflections is based on velocity discrimination between primary and multiple reflections, thus velocity model and normal-moveout correction are required for this method. The combination of SRME and parabolic Radon filtering can attenuate almost multiple reflections and provide high-quality seismic image of marine seismic data.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 089 O16-03-089

The archaeomagnetic field recorded in ancient kiln walls in Si Sisatchanalai, Sukhothai

Radchagrit Supakulopas1

1Prince of Songkla University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Archaeological dating is crucial in archaeology as it is a key to understand human history. However, traditional dating methods used by archaeologists such as potassium-argon dating and luminescence dating can provide ambiguous age results, e.g., noise disturbance or argon loss during the dating return young apparent ages. Therefore, I plan to establish an archaeomagnetic secular variation (ASV) curve to resolve this problem and use the ASV curve as an alternative tool to date archaeological artefacts. However, archaeomagnetic data in Thailand are absent from literature. Therefore, the ASV curve cannot be constructed from the archaeomagnetic data for this locality. To provide archaeomagnetic data to construct the ASV curve, I measured directions of the Earth’s magnetic field recorded in kiln walls from Ban Ko Noi (KN123, age 1,370 ± 100 A.D.), Si Satchanalai. The mean declination and inclination of 49.6° and 32.6° with 95% confidence limit of 5.4° were determined from 10 samples from kiln KN123. Mean directions from this study were also compared with the directions of the Earth’s magnetic field in Thailand during 1,370 A.D. generated by the global archaeomagnetic field model ARCH3k.1. Declination and inclination from this study show significant departure from the field predicted by the ARCH3k.1 model.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 180 O16-04-180

Improved Mixing Height Estimates from Atmospheric LiDAR Measurements

Ronald Macatangay1, Worapop Thongsame1, Titaporn Supasri2, Jirasak Noisapung2, Raman Solanki3

1University of Colorado 2National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand 3Chinese Academy of Sciences Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The mixing height, sometimes also referred to as the mixing layer height, the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) height or the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height, is one of the meteorological parameters that affect particulate matter concentrations on the surface. Its accurate estimation is therefore necessary. In this study, an improvement in the estimation of the mixing height is carried out by introducing a time-dependent maximum and minimum PBL altitude (TDMMPA) in the Haar wavelet covariance transform (WCT) technique applied to atmospheric LiDAR measurements generally used in PBL height estimations. Results showed that this method is robust during the nighttime and in the presence of clouds, when the mixing height is normally over-estimated. Further work is still necessary, however, especially in coming up with monthly TDMMPAs in order for the method to be incorporated to operational use.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 041 O16-05-041

Sensitivity of different physics schemes using WRF model in Typhoon Damrey (2017) over the Indochina region

Kulaya Keawsang-in1, Sujittra Ratjiranukool1, Pakpoom Ratjiranukool2

1Chiangmai university 2Chiang Mai Rajabhat University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract To reduce the tropical cyclone impact of lives and economics, the precise forecast of the event is required. The weather research and forecasting (WRF) model was applied for simulating typhoon Damrey (2017) caused ravaging of the strong wind, heavy precipitation, flash flood and storm surge over the Indochina region. The simulated duration was 8 days starting from 31 October 2017 00 00 UTC to 8 November 2017 00 00 UTC. The initial and lateral boundary conditions were driven by NCEP global FNL (final analysis) data available at 1-degree resolution. The WRF model was run in a single domain of 20 km horizontal resolution bounded 0 to 20 N and 96⁰E to 124⁰E. The different physics schemes, which are the microphysics schemes, the planetary boundary layer schemes and cumulus parameterization schemes, were emphasized to examine the suitable schemes in tropical cyclone simulation over the Indochina region. To evaluate the reliability of the simulation of tropical cyclone, the track-position is correlated with the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) observation. The results show that the typhoon simulation forced by Kain-Frintsh cumulus, Kessler microphysics and Yonsei university planetary boundary layer was suitable for simulating of typhoon Damrey

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 014 O16-06-014

Two axis sun tracking system using fuzzy logic control

Wuttichana Putchana1, Dusit Ngamrungroj 2, Amarin Ratanavis 1, Kewalee Nilgumhang 3

1Department of Industrial Physics and Medical Instrumentation, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand 2Department of social and applied science,College of Industrial Technology„ King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand 3Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization) Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract This research presents two axes solar cell system tracking by 3-sensor. Motion according to the sun’s position is based on fuzzy logic control principles based on the light intensity of the LDR (Light Dependent Resistor). Sun tracking to make solar cell systems get higher wattage, when compared with fixed solar cell systems. Principle of control using a fuzzy logic based on the method of Mamdani’s Fuzzy Inference System to control the signal through the microcontroller. The microcontroller will receive the signal values of all 3 sensors and process the signal through the control unit to order the DC motor to adjust the solar panels on both axes to follow the position of the sun to the solar cell system. As a result, the fuzzy-logic inference of two-axis system has a higher power output than without fixed solar cell systems.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 105 O16-07-105

Recycling Perovskite Solar Cell by Novel Spray Processes

Teepich Houtae1, Zoubeir Saraw2, Koth Amratisha2, Atittaya Naikaew2, Pimsuda Pansa-Ngat2, Ladda Srathongsian2, Pongsakorn Kanjanaboos1

1Mahidol University 2Advanced Technologies for Energy and Sustainability Lab School of Materials Science and Innovation, Faculty of Science, Room SC1-255, Mahidol University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Perovskite solar cells have had rapid growth in their performance and efficiency over just a few years. To achieve high performance, the perovskite absorbers require high crystallinity and good surface morphology. However, the solar cells still ends up as wastes at the end of their life time. The problem is exacerbated by the solar cells’ relatively poor stability where perovskite materials (CH3NH3PbI3) can be degraded to PbI2 waste films with heat, humidity, or UV exposure. Boonthum et al developed a technique called repeated cation doping as a recycling process to convert PbI2 waste films back to perovskite thin films. Further efforts were done to improve PbI2 waste films prior to the recycling process by spinning low concentration solutions of PbI2 on top of the waste films to fill in pinholes on the PbI2 layers, which cause low device performance. The spinning process however has scale-up limitations and is uneconomical as a large portion of the solution is spun off as excess. In this study, a novel spray process was employed to fill in pinholes on PbI2 waste films. Furthermore, repeated cation doping was further improved, basing on spray process. Spray times, concentrations and annealing parameters were varied to determine the optimal conditions. The newly developed spray processes for recycling enable better film performance and economical uses of materials with scale-up potential.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 168 O17-01-168

Broad-Band Coherent Perfect Absorption in Systems with a Non-Linear Lossy Component

Suwun Suwunnarat1, Yaqian Tang1, Mattis Reisner2, Fabrice Mortessagne2, Ulrich Kuhl2, Tsampikos Kottos1

1Wesleyan University 2Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice (INPHYNI) Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Coherent perfect absorption (CPA) is a multichannel waveform shaping protocol, which leads to a complete extinction of a monochromatic radiation when it enters a weakly lossy cavity. Its physical origin is traced to wave interference effects that entraps the incident radiation inside the lossy cavity. The CPA is an intrinsic resonance phenomenon. Its validity has been tested in a variety of classical linear-wave settings. Unfortunately, its narrow-band feature deprives us from the possibility to utilize CPA protocols for a variety of important applications like solar photovoltaic or stealth technologies. At the same time, its implementation within the linear-wave framework, constitutes a serious constraint that does not allow us to extend this crucial concept for a variety of practical scenarios associated with high power conditions. Our current theoretical and experimental results confront these two constrains: using a microwave framework, we show that the CPA protocols are applicable in settings where non-linearity is present (the so- called non-linear CPA, NLCPA). Furthermore, under specific conditions that we have identified, they can lead to abroad-frequency range perfect absorption. Being generic wave phenomenon, our results might find applications to a variety of technological platforms ranging from mechanical waves (vibrations) and acoustics to microwaves and optics.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 079 O17-02-079

The simulation of the microwave shielding properties of the dual band pass frequency selective surface

Asma Samoh

Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Microwave leakage from a microwave oven door can interrupt the functions of electronic devices and endanger human health. The harmful radiation leaking from the oven front door has to be blocked but the visible light is still allowed to be transmitted. The door design is based on the frequency selective surface (FSS) because of the filter behavior. In the simulation, a proposed FSS of 40.7×40.7 mm with its dielectric thickness of 2 mm is designed. Two important characteristics in term of shielding effectiveness (SE) and optical transparency (OT) of the proposed FSS configuration at the normal incidence was found to be 40.8 dB and 59%, respectively. The simulation result indicates that the proposed FSS is applicable to the design of the microwave oven door. Parametric studies on the characteristics due to geometrical dimensions, dielectric substrate thickness, and incident angle were also considered. These parameters were found to affect the shielding and transmitting performance of the proposed FSS.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 059 O17-03-059

Separate the overlapping latent fingerprints using Fourier Optics (FO)

Nichchar Sommit

Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract One of the evidence left in the crime scene, which is important in finding the person who committed the crime, is latent fingerprints. Fingerprints are both unique and permanent, making it an ideal biometric trait for the person identification by extracting and comparing characteristic points (minutiae) of ridges. The cases of overlapping fingerprints are frequently encountered in a crime scene and they can cause difficulty of interpretation for an investigator. To lessen the problem, in this study, a method for separating the overlapping latent fingerprints is proposed. The method is based on the 4F imaging system normally found in Fourier Optics (FO). The principle of the 4F system is to convert spatial domain patterns into the frequency domain patterns, filter out the unwanted components from the pattern, and convert the modified pattern back to the spatial domain patterns again. Therefore, the final image is improved from its original form. The object under investigation here is the overlapping fingerprints. The key point that allows us to implement FO to the overlapping fingerprints is the periodic patterns of ridges of fingerprints. The overlapping fingerprints can create perpendicularly periodic patterns in the frequency domain and one of the patterns can be systematically removed by an appropriate filter. Subsequently, only one fingerprint pattern in the spatial domain still remains and is recovered. In addition, the simulation is also conducted to supplement the experimental results by using a freely available software: ImageJ. The technique based on FO shows a potential for the recovery of an individual fingerprint from overlapping fingerprints.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 148 O18-01-148

Activities for geodetic VLBI in Thailand

Nattaporn Thoonsaengngam1

1National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Geodesy is an important tool for national development. Data obtained from geodetic techniques so-called geodata can be used for various applications, and also become one of the national infrastructures achieving the goal of becoming Innovative Thailand. Currently, the main geodetic facility of the country is the network of GNSS Continuous Operating Reference Stations or CORS. However, data from the GNSS technique still contain errors caused by instrument clock, satellite ephemeris, geocenter motion, etc. So that to evaluate the national infrastructure, stations of another space geodetic technique, Very Long Baseline Interferometry or VLBI has been being built by NARIT, under the project called Development of Radio Receiver and Processing System for Radio Astronomy and Geodesy. Two geodetic VLBI stations and their signal chain will be built and equipped in the northern and southern part of Thailand. Progress of the development will be reported in this presentation, as well as the related geodetic activities.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 027 O18-02-027

Towards Accurate Non-Contact Moisture Inspection using THz Imaging and Thickness Information

Napat Cota1, Rungroj Jintamethasawat1, Kiattiwut Prasertsuk1, Patharakorn Rattanawan1; Natcha Cota1,Piyaphat Phukphan1, Jiayichia1, Woraprach Kusolthossakul1, PanichardPoomvised2, ThawatchartChulapakorn1

1National Electronics and Computer Technology Center 2King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Actual moisture percentages were also determined immediately after data collection by a gravimetric method of the moisture analyzer, whose results served as ground-truth measurements. The moisture of the samples varied between 3 and 40%. The terahertz source emitted wave continuously at 0.1 THz while the detector was a 1D-array camera having 256 pixels and receiving waves in 0.05 – 0.7 THz frequency range. Transmitted terahertz signal of each sample, placed on a conveyor belt system between a terahertz source and detector, was measured 5 times, while the sample thickness was measured by a vernier. The 3D RGB camera was also used for measuring thickness of sample as well as obtaining RGB image. All dataset of known- thickness, and actual moisture measurements were used to calculate the coefficients necessary to define the signal absorption equation according to Beer-Lambert’s Law. Once a calibration curve was obtained, it was used to estimate the moisture percentages in samples with different thicknesses. The mean absolute error (MAE) of moisture is found to be less than 11%, when the sample thickness was taken into account for constituting the calibration curve. This study proposes an approach for non-contact moisture inspection in dried food products, which is crucial to maintain optimal quality and shelf- life, using terahertz signal intensity and thickness of a test sample. To achieve this, a sample-specific calibration curve needs to be determined first. The HAITAI crackers were chosen in this work for demonstration purposes. Four different stacks of crackers were moisturized by spraying water on a tissue paper and then covering it on the sample. Therefore, the utilizing of 3D RGB

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

camera for color-terahertz image registration and automatic thickness determination is promising for an accurate non-contact moisture inspection. This approach can be also integrated into production line to improve quality control in the dried food industry without interrupting existing processes. Keywords: terahertz moisture imaging, calibration curve, correction

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 133 O18-03-133

Improvement of simulated nuclear quadrupole resonance signals from explosive detection via a Red-Pitaya board

Puchong Kijamnajsuk1, Chaiya Luengviriya1, Piyachat Wungmool2

1Kasetsart University 2College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract In Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR), the interaction of the nuclear magnetic moments of quadrupolar nuclei (spin greater than 1/2) with the electric field gradient of the surrounding molecular orbitals produces an energy splitting. Because the resonant frequency is very specific to the molecular structure, the NQR can be used to detect explosive materials very accurately and it is extremely useful for detecting modern bombs whose containers made from plastics and wood instead of metals. However, NQR signals are generally very weak so they are difficult to be detected. Recently, Red-Pitaya boards, a Field Programable Gate Array (FPGA) on Single Boards Computers (SBC), has been being utilized in many electronic applications due to their small size and low cost. Since the boards can generate and acquire radio frequency signals, they can be taken as the console of portable bomb detectors. In this work, we study an improvement of the NQR signals of an explosive, ammonium nitrate with a resonant frequency of 423.6 kHz, acquired by using a Red-Pitaya board (model 125.14). To construct the NQR signals, we simulate free induction decay (FID) signals (exponential decay of sinusoidal functions) and add real measured noises from an input port of the Red-Pitaya board. To mimic real situations, the FID amplitude is varied, frequency fluctuations and phase shifts are added. The results show that averaging of signals from repeat measurements can improve the signals in all cases. To distinguish the signals from the noises, a minimal number of measurements is required. This necessary number of repeat measurements increases with frequency fluctuations and phase shifts but decreases when the FID amplitude grows.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 113 O18-04-113

Modeling and Simulation of Quad Band Radio Frequencies Energy Harvesting System

Khemjirath Hengswat1, Achariya Rojbundit1, Pakin Songsriboonsit1

1Mahidol Wittayanusorn School, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The energy harvesting technique can be used to collect ambient energy and convert it into electric power. This technique is continuously improved and was used to harvest energy from the environment in alternative energy sources. Recently, various wireless electronic devices radiate electromagnetic waves but with low power. The radio-frequency (RF) shows some significant energy losses leading to trends of improving the rectenna to harvest the low-power energy from this range in the environment. The objectives of this project are to design the Quad-band bowtie antennas that capture the RF energy from the ambient surrounding for four difference frequencies: 0.9, 1.8, 2.1, and 2.45 GHz, to optimize the conditions and parameters for providing efficient energy transformations by using MATLAB program, and to rectify the signal by turning alternating current into direct current. The multi-operating frequencies are obtained by inserting slots on a bow-tie antenna without increasing the overall antenna area. Finally, the designed slotted bowtie antennas were connected to the complex circuits, which contain two designed dual-band matching network circuits and two four-stage rectifiers. The rectenna efficiency is simulated over frequency for different input power levels (316 nW to 0.3 mW). The result shows that the designed rectenna operates specifically at four different frequencies and yields a higher efficiency with larger input power levels at the maximum efficiency of 49.5 % at 0.1 mW. This work provides a better understanding of the circuit design of low-power energy harvesting that will be useful for energy harvesting technologies in the near future.

Keywords: Low power energy harvesting, antenna, radio frequency

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 023 O18-05-023

Determination of probe non-linearity and error due to measurement position for direct measurement type of gauge block comparator and its measurement uncertainty

Angkoonna Pringkasemchai1, Jedsada Wongsaroj1, Kittisun Mongkolsuttirat1

1 National Institute of Metrology (Thailand) Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The non-linearity of probes is an important component in gauge block calibration by mechanical comparative method of two gauges blocks at the same nominal length. However, an advance method for gauge block calibration is a mechanical direct measurement method of two gauges block showing the greatest difference in nominal length 25 mm. This method used special probe base on the interferential scanning principle to produce the signals to measure the displacement. In this paper, non-linearity and error due to measurement position were investigated as it related to the accuracy of measurement result. The difference in central length of a pair standard gauge block made of steel was measured by optical interferometry with the measurement uncertainty (k=2) 23 nm. Length in the range of 5 µm to 25 mm was used in the experiment. Non-linearity of probe was evaluated by simple linear regression model. Various factors such as origin setting point, temperature and vibration have been analyzed. In the preliminary experiment, the non-linearity at 10 µm, position error at 25 mm, repeatability and retrace error are less than 15 nm, 10 nm, 5 nm and 15 nm respectively. The measurement uncertainty of non-linearity is close to 15 nm.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 137 O19-01-137

A Portable Fluorescence Sensing Device for On-site Sensing Applications

Kittirat Phooplub1; Sirirat Ouiganon1, Panote Thavarungkul1, Proespichaya Kanatharana1; Chittanon Buranachai1

1Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, 90110, Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Fluorescence spectroscopy plays an important role in biosensing and chemical sensing applications because of various advantages, for instance, high sensitivity and low electrical interferences. Even though the technique often provides very low limits of detection, the high cost and bulkiness of commercial fluorescence spectrophotometers are key limitations that keep most fluorescence based bioand chemical sensors to be used only at a laboratory scale. In this work, we present the development of a portable fluorescence sensing device to overcome the limitations. A light emitting diode (LED) with the center wavelength around 460 nm is used as a the light source providing an excitation light for popular fluorophores, such as fluorescein and Alexa488, with absorption peaks around 460-500 nm. The intensity of the LED is adjustable and stable for at least 2 hours by using a constant current circuit. A long pass filter is used to screen out the excitation light before the emission light from the fluorophore is recorded by a smartphone camera. The fluorescence intensity is reported in terms of RGB values. Using this concept, our device is capable of measuring fluorescence intensity from multiple fluorophores that have well separated peaks such as what are often used in Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based sensors. The performance of the device is slightly inferior to that of a commercial spectrofluorometer but is orders of magnitudes lower in cost and weight. We believe that our device holds great potential for on-site bio- and chemical sensing applications.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 129 O19-02-129

Simulation of Wave Propagation using Graph-Theoretical Algorithm

Authors: Kanyaporn Ketthong1, Noparit Jinuntuya1, Sarita Pulpirom1, Sakchai Chomkokard1, WiwatWongkokua1, Laddawan Rianthakool1, Khanchai Prasanai1; Chakrit Na Takuathung1

1Kasetsart University

Abstract We simulate the wave propagation through various mediums using graph- theoretical path finding algorithm. The mediums are discretized to the square lattices, where each node is connected up to its 4th nearest neighbors. The edge connecting any 2 nodes is weighted by the time of flight of the wave between the nodes, which is calculated from the Euclidean distance between the nodes divided by the average velocity at the positions of those nodes. According to Fermat’s principle of least time, wave propagation between 2 nodes will follow the path with minimal weight. We thus use path finding algorithm to find such a path. We apply our method to simulate wave propagation from a point source through a homogeneous medium. By defining a wavefront as a contour of nodes with the same time of flight, we obtain a spherical wave as expected. We next investigate the wave propagation through a boundary of 2 mediums with different wave velocities. The result shows wave refraction that exactly follow Snell’s law. We finally investigate time of flight of wave propagation through an inhomogeneous medium where the wave velocity depends on the angle between the direction of propagation and radial direction from a pole. This is a simple model of wave propagation through a wood. The results agree well with the measurements in sample wood disks. The advantage of our method is on its simplicity and straightforwardness. In all above simulations, the same simple path finding code is used, regardless of the complexity of wave velocity model of the mediums. We expect that our method can be useful as an educational tool to demonstrate the wave propagation through arbitrary medium. The method can be used also in practice when an investigation of wave propagation in a complex medium is needed.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 152 O20-01-152

The interactive computer simulation and learning activity for facilitating students’ conceptual understanding on the buoyant force through the CoSci learning platform

Wachirawut Wongsuwan1, Jiradawan Huntula2, Chen-Chung Liu3

1Khon Kaen University 2Physics Education 3Graduate Institute of Network Learning Technology, National Central University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Learning science, especially in the physics field, there are many varieties of invisible and abstract phenomena that are hard and difficult for students to observe and learn. One of the tools that can help students to understand those phenomena in a better way is computer simulations. The computer simulations are usually used in both on-site classroom and on-line learning platforms. Learning in the COVID-19 pandemic era at present, the computer simulations are very important for helping students to understand the physics concept. Interactive computer simulation can be considered as one of the effective methods of facilitating inquiry learning in science, as it allows students to experience the scientific inquiry process and facilitates students to understand an abstract conception and to understand the relationship between variables of invisible phenomena more clearly in reasonable ways. This study aimed to develop the interactive computer simulation and learning activity for enhancing students’ conceptual understanding of the buoyant force on the CoSci learning platform. Totally 18 participants were studying in the twelfth grade in science classrooms of a university-affiliated school project (SCiUS), Khon Kaen University, Thailand, in the academic year 2019. Six basic concepts related to the buoyant force constructed based on the Predict-Observe-Explain strategy (POE) with the interactive computer simulation (i.e., the CoSci learning platform). The learning activity was developed based on students’ alternative concepts and used to facilitate students’ conceptual understanding of the buoyant force. The learning activity on the CoSci learning platform consisted of eight pie charts such as 1) Main question pie chart, 2) Density pie chart, 3) Water level pie chart, 4)

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Volume pie chart, 5) Mass pie chart, 6) Weight pie chart, 7) Submerged depth pie chart, and 8) Answer pie chart. There were six interactive computer simulations used in this research including 1) Density simulation, 2) Water level simulation, 3) Volume simulation, 4) Mass simulation, 5) Submerged depth simulation, and 6) Weight simulation. All of these simulations were developed on the CoSci learning platform (https://cosci.tw/). The findings showed that 72.22% of students performed better in the posttest scores than in the pre-test score in all six basic concepts related to the buoyant force after learning buoyant force on the CoSci platform. Furthermore, the most difficult concept for students to learn the buoyant force was the concept related to the mass of the object.

Keywords: Interactive computer simulation, conceptual understanding, buoyant force

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 153 O20-02-153

Development creativity of Grade 5 students on electricity through STEM Education of electric circuit

Supaluk Sasangbong1, Jiradawan Huntula1

1Science and Technology Education Program, Faculty of Education, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The research aim was to develop creativity of grade 5 students through STEM education in electricity. There were 15 students of Grade 5 in Khon Kaen Province of the second Semester in 2020 who participated in this study. The action research was implemented to this study with tree loops to improve creativity of students. The physics contents of Grade 5 on electricity consisted of simple circuits, conductors, insulators, switches, connecting battery in series and parallel, series and parallel circuit and the motor connection. The twelve lessons were separated into three loops of actions. Each loop of lessons consisted of three Predict-Observe-Explain (POE) lessons, and a lesson with an Engineering design process for designing various work pieces to improve their creativity in electricity at the end of each loop. The students were fluent in designing various work pieces to solve problems arising from a given classroom situation and had flexibility and elaboration in given reasons in selecting the materials to create the works. At the last lesson of the action loops the data was collected to show how students improved their creativity. The student’s works and their presentations were evaluated by the creativity’s rubrics scores in four dimensions of Originality, Fluency, Flexibility and Elaboration. The results showed that students’ creativity was improved in all five groups of students. The originality was found in every group of students. They created their work differently from classmates. The students gain more Fluency, Flexibility and Elaboration from loop one to loop three of action loops.

Keywords: STEM education, POE for STEM, engineering design process, creative thinking’s rubrics scores, electricity

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 106 O20-03-106

Exploring the links between Physics and Astronomy Education Teaching and Learning in the Philippines

Ryan Manuel D. Guido1,2, Antriman V. Orleans 2

1Center for Astronomy Research and Development, Rizal Technological University, Mandaluyong 1550, Philippines 2College of Graduate Studies and Teacher Education Research, Philippine Normal University, Manila 1000, Philippines Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Students consider physics to be one of the most prevalent and troublesome topics since they find physics to be a challenging course in high school and become more deceptive when they have it as an undergraduate course. The Rizal Technological University (RTU) in the Philippines offers undergraduate and graduate academic programs in astronomy. The university utilizes physics diagnostic tests to classify students’ suitability towards the course as RTU houses the Philippines’ most advanced optical telescopes and the Center for Astronomy Research and Development. The latter was established through the Department of Science and Technology to promote a research hub in the field of astronomy and space science, as well as providing support for research funding and scholarships. The study performed causal-comparative research design and analytics, the study revealed that when it comes to higher physics and astronomy classes, students with poor physics adaptation tend to get lower to failing grades. The findings of this study provide evidence of the link of physics and astronomy education in students’ academic programs and its value from the previous learnings of students and teaching of teachers as a critical role in predicting student performance. Our study highlights that alumni are well-prepared to work as researchers and have the required analytical and research skills. The increased enrollment in the academic program demonstrates the validity of the above-mentioned statements, as it enticed students to pursue astronomy as their scientific career. Other efforts are discussed in detail in this paper.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 040 O20-04-040

Low-cost light interference experimental set with automatically display intensity of interference and diffraction patterns

Somporn Buaprathoom1

1 Mahidol Wittayanusorn School Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Interference and diffraction of light are properties of light studied in the secondary school and university. General interference experiment can display interference pattern as only a light-dark interfering stripe but it cannot be used to studied in depth to the intensity of interference and diffraction patterns. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to develop an experimental set that can automatically display interference and diffraction patterns of the light in graphs according to the magnitude of the light intensity at different positions. This experimental set was designed using an affordable microcontroller and compact sensing devices for detecting light intensity based on interference position. An open source was applied for operating program to control the experimental set automatically. It used a computer, which is a basic device commonly used, to be a user interface and to display the interference patterns in real-time. The developed experiment set was tested using single and double slits. The intensity and patterns of interference and diffraction from the experimental set correlate to the intensities of interference and diffraction generated from the theory. These results demonstrate that the proposed experimental sets can be used to study the interference and diffraction of light.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 085 O20-05-085

Measuring refractive index gradient of sugar solution

Pattarapon Tanalikhit1, Thanabodi Worakitthamrong2, Nattanon Chaidet2

1Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 2King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi CorrespondingAuthors: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract To measure the refractive index at a particular altitude of a solution with a vertical refractive index gradient, the transparent wedge-shaped container was constructed altogether with the development of mathematical formula derived from Snell's law. The refractive index of the solution can be calculated by measuring the angles of incoming and outgoing laser beams relative to the respective normal line. By varying the height of the laser beam, the refractive index as a function of height of the sugar solution was obtained. This technique is applied to investigate Fata Morgana which is a kind of superior mirage resulting from the bending of light in a medium with a density gradient.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 020 O20-06-020

Should we teach free body diagrams before or after Newton’s Laws

Nattaphong Nuchsirikulaphong1, Kwan Arayathanitkul2, Narumon Emarat2

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, Thailand, 10400 2Mahidol University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract There are two interesting lesson sequences for teaching force and motion in high-school physics. These are teaching free-body diagrams before Newton’s laws (FbN) and teaching Newton’s laws before free-body diagrams (NbF). Both sequences were found in physics textbooks. Different authors adopted the sequence that they believe it would affect student understanding better. However, some physics experts did not agree with this. It is therefore interesting to know if we should teach with the FbN or NbF sequence. This motivates us to study the effect of such lesson sequences on student understanding of force and motion. The sample group was grade-10 students from two physics courses in 2020. One course was taught with the FbN sequence (29 students) and the other with the NbF sequence (34 students). Their understanding was evaluated by using an assessment test which consisted of three parts including (1) Newtonian concepts, (2) problem-solving, and (3) free-body diagrams. The result shows that for the Newtonian concepts part, the average scores are 11% for the FbN and 13% for the NbF sequence. The average scores of the problem-solving part are 13% and 9% and those of the free-body diagrams part are 41% and 48% for the FbN and NbF sequences, respectively. The scores of all parts between the two sequences were not significantly different. In addition, student difficulties found in all parts were similar. However, a larger number of students who could provide the equation of motion (F = ma) in the problem- solving part was found in the FbN sequence. We might conclude that teaching free-body diagrams before or after Newton’s laws did not affect student understanding in the topic of force and motion. Detail of student difficulties in both sequences will be further discussed.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 170 O20-07-170

Student teachers’ multi representations on heat transfer in solid and liquid from the inquiry activities

Jiradawan Huntula1, Wachirawut Wongsuwan1

1KhonKaen University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The goals of science are to understand natural phenomena and to explain how they may be changing over time by described the workings of the universe. However, many natural phenomena are extremely complex and may never be fully understood in terms of physical laws. The teaching concepts of energy and heat are difficult for teachers because the students are not able to link kinetic theory and molecular motion to the explanation of heat and energy transfer. The idea that heat is transferred from one object to another via conduction is a concept of science in the national standard indicators of Thai curriculum. To successfully construct the activity for helping students understand about heat transfers, the understanding of the concept of teachers is very important. The aim of this study is to present the natures of student teachers’ multi representation capabilities when constructing explanations about heat transfer in solid and liquid through the inquiry activities. There were forty-nine teacher students in this study. They were asked to explain about heat transfer during two inquiry activities of heat transfer in liquid and solid. The worksheets of the activities were analyzed to investigate how the student teacher explained heat transfer. The results showed that teacher students show their explanations about heat transfer in multi representation ways such as the color of picture from hot and cool tones to represent the heat transfer, the arrow shows dynamic movement in both heat and conduction particles and words in explanation about heat transfer are different.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 173 O21-01-173

An investigation of Discrete energy spectrum of Newton’s equivalent asymmetrical finite square well

Jarunee Sanongkhun1, Amornthep Tita2

1Rajamangala university of Technology Suvarnabhumi 2The Institute for Fundamental Study Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract In this work, we want to find out the bound states and energies of the Newton’s equivalent quantum mechanics (NEQM) which construct from 1- parameter family (β) of Newton’s equivalent Hamiltonian (NEH) in asymmetrical finite square well system. Classically, NEH is Hamiltonian which is equivalently to standard one yielding the same Newton’s equation. In quantum system, by ordering problem of xˆ and pˆ, there are difference to original Schrodinger equation. Schrodinger equation which base on NEH becomes infinite order differential equation. Corresponding wave function and boundary matching conditions must be infinite order. In this work, there are three different regions, characterized by the value of the potential, the first is V0, V0 > 0, the second is V = 0, and the third is V , V > V o. For bound state regions, we expected discrete energy characterized by value β. Finally, we plot between the energy level and β by fixing and changing the potential values to study behavior of the system which beta effect to the energy.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 022 O21-02-022

Rope coiling on a rotating plane

Sitichoke Amnuanpol1

1Physics department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Rope coiling on a static plane is a circle with full rotational symmetry. The more ordered shapes, hypotrochoids and epitrochoids, arise from the breaking of rotational symmetry induced by the rotation of a plane. Given the sufficiently slow plane frequencies, as feeding velocity is increased the shapedeformsfromacircletoanepitrochoidandeventuallytoahypotrochoid. The onset of hypotrochoid is the equality of the inertial force, provided by feeding velocity, and the tension. Given the sufficiently fast feeding velocities, as plane frequency is increased the shape changes from a hypotrochoid to an epitrochoid and eventually to a circle. However the shape transitions caused by feeding velocity have the different characteristics from those caused by plane frequency. For the former, the force, associating with the bending energy per unit length, is continuous at the epitrochoid-circle transition but exhibits a jump at the hypotrochoid-epitrochoid transition. For the latter, such force shows a jump at both the epitrochoid-circle transition and the hypotrochoid-epitrochoid transition. In a phase diagram the hypotrochoids occur in the regime of the large heights, fast feeding velocities, and slow plane frequencies. Circles appear at all heights with the slow feeding velocities and fast plane frequencies. Epitrochoids emerge in the intermediate regime between hypotrochoids and circles.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract of

Poster presentation

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 035 P01-01-035

Exoplanets Transit Timing Variation and Transit Duration Variation Catalogue from TESS

Noppachanin Kongsathitporn1, Supachai Awiphan2, Phichet Kittara

1Mahidol University 2NARIT, Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Exoplanets are planets that orbit around other stars outside the solar system. One of methods that can be used to locate them is transit method. In transit method, the variation of the flux from the host star is observed when the planet passes in front of it. There are periodic dips with a period equals to the orbital period in its light curve where the time between ingress and egress is called transit duration and the middle point of the dip is called mid-transit time. However, the existence of third body in the system causes change in the time measurement for each transit because of the gravitational interactions. Therefore, there are variation in the transit durations and mid- transit time. In This project, TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) raw light curve are used to perform curve-fitting and optimize transit parameters. Furthermore, the period of transit timing variation (TTV) is computed by Fourier transformation and false alarm signal for predict the existence of third body. Some host stars are primarily used to check the performance of our calculation such as WASP-126, which does not show the existence of WASP-126 c with false alarm signal 0.99, and TOI-216.01 and TOI-216.02 with false alarm signals around 0.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 064 P01-02-064

Light Curve Analysis of the Binary V781 Tau

Niroot Lamlert1, Wiraporn Maithong1

1Chiang Mai Rajabhat University Corresponding Authors: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract V781 Tau is the one of W UMa type of the eclipsing binary system which its orbital period is 0.34 days. The 0.7 -meter telescope with CCD photometric system in B and V filters was conducted at the Regional Observatory for the Public, Chachoengsao, Thailand was used for data observation, during December 2018, UT. The Wilson-Devinney Technique was used for calculated the physical properties of V781 Tau. The result show the inclination of their orbital is 66.140 0.14. The effective temperature of the primary and secondary star is 6060 and 5881 K, respectively and the degree of contact is 4.38 %

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 066 P01-03-066

Ganymede’s magnetic footprint brightness and location with respect to main emission

Tatphicha Promfu1, Suwicha Wannawichian2, Jonathan Nichols3, John Clarke4, Kamolporn Haewsantati5

1Chiang Mai University 2Department of Physics and Materials Science, Chiang Mai University 3University of Leicester 4Boston University 5Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Jupiter’s aurora features have been observed by Hubble space telescope (HST) for over two decades. One of the auroral feature, Ganymede’s magnetic footprint, appears close to the main emission and is sometimes embedded in the main emission. The later case causes confusion in identifying Ganymede’s magnetic footprint from in main emission. The FUV aurora images were taken by Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) onboard HST. The fluctuations of Ganymede’s footprint brightness over time will be analyzed. Moreover, the correlation between the brightness and locations of the main emission and Ganymede’s magnetic footprint will be analyzed to characterize the connection between ionospheric phenomena and the magnetospheric dynamics. Since the main emission is very bright in comparison with the footprint, therefore, the variation of the main emission can affect Ganymede’s magnetic footprint. Furthermore, the expansion of the main emission is consistent with the location shift of Ganymede’s magnetic footprint in equatorward direction. The brightness and location of the main emission can be influenced by the plasma variation in Jupiter’s magnetosphere which is affected partly by the volcanic eruption on Io and solar wind dynamic pressure.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 082 P01-04-082

Radio Telescope Development Kit for Education

Aeggarat Komthuam1, Nikom Prasert1, Kitiyanee Asanok1, Phrudth Jaroenjittichai1

1 National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Or Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract A radio telescope development kit has been developed to facilitate science and engineering learning in many topics such as celestial sphere and coordinates, stars and blackbody radiation, mechanics and control systems, digital signal processing and programming. This development kit has been designed as a low-cost with a small satellite dish and can be assembled by yourself (or DIY system). Its receiver system is designed to detect radio signals in the frequency range between 10.7 GHz and 11.7 GHz from the well known celestial sources such as the Sun and the Moon. Software Defined Radio (SDR) is used to receive and send their radio signals to Raspberry Pi for signal processing using GNURadio. The antenna uses to collect radio signals has a beamwidth of about 5 degrees. It can move from 0 to 90 degrees in elevation and 0 to 360 degrees in azimuth, which is also controlled by Raspberry Pi. Here, we report the progress of the development.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 139 P01-05-139

The Spectral Energy Distribution of X-ray Pair Halos from the Gamma-ray Sources with a Power-law Continuum

Anant Eungwanichayapant1, Wasutep Luangtip2

1Mae Fah Luang University 2Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Very High Energy (VHE) Gamma-rays from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) can interact with the infrared photons from the Extragalactic Background Light (EBL) and start electromagnetic cascades. In case that the extragalactic magnetic field near a host galaxy is strong enough (~1 micro G), the cascades would develop isotropically around the AGN, and electron/positron pairs created along the development of the cascades would create an X-ray halo via synchrotron radiation process. Since the VHE Gamma-ray spectra from the AGNs have been believed that it could be approximated by a power-law model which is truncated at high energy end (hereafter, maximum energy), in this work we studied the X-ray Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) of the halo generated from the AGN spectra with different power-law indices and maximum energies. The results show that the SEDs are slightly higher and broader, i.e. obtaining higher flux if the power indices are lower. On the other hand, the SEDs are sensitive to the maximum energy between 100-300 TeV in which more flux could be obtained from the higher maximum energy; however, the SED becomes insensitive to this parameter when the maximum energy exceeds 500 TeV.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 158 P01-06-158

Orbital variation of circumbinary planets

Noppawith Nantanoi1, Supachai Awiphan2, Noppawin Nantanoi1, Siramas Komonjinda3, Theerawat Bunfong2,3

1Chiang Mai University Demonstration School 2National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Organization), 260 Moo 4, Donkaew, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai, 50180, Thailand 3Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand Corresponding Authors: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract Nowadays, more than 4,000 exoplanets have been discovered, including a hundred of circumbinary planets. In the following work, the orbital variations of circumbinary planets: planets orbit in the binary star systems, have been studied. Their orbital evolutions for a thousand years were simulated using the REBOUND package. The computed Hill’s sphere and Roche limit of each system are applied to the published physical and orbital parameters of 88 planetary systems for an instability limit. The system can be classified into two categories: S– type and P-type, totaling 67 and 21 systems, respectively. This result shows that there are two unstable star systems: Kepler – 420 and GJ 86. The instability might be caused by inaccurate measurement of the physical or orbital parameters of these two systems. Therefore, additional follow-up observations of the systems are needed.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 178 P01-07-178

Single pulse energy distribution of PSR B1822-09

Nawamin Intrarat1, Phrudth Jaroenjittichai2

1Chiang Mai University 2National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract We have studied the distribution energy of the single pulses of PSR B1822- 09 using the data from Parkes radio telescope in Australia observed from May 2012 to April 2014. The pulsar profile has three components including main pulse, inter-pulse, and precursor. The study shows that the main profile component is sometimes log-normal distributed. Most of the results show that the energy is normal (or Gaussian) distributed.

Keyword: Pulsar, Energy distribution, single pulse

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 056 P02-01-056

Design of a beam current monitoring system for a compact LINAC accelerator

Siriwan Krainara1, Sirilak Phetcharat1, Nawin Junthong1, Supat Klinkhieo1

1Synchrotron Light Research Institute, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand

Abstract The instrumentation used to measure the parameters or diagnostics of the beam is an essential part of any particle accelerator. Beam diagnostics play a key role in the operation of the accelerator, and are necessary to determine the performance of the source. The aim of this article is to present a design for one type of beam diagnostics tool, the Faraday cup, which can be used to measure the charged particle current directly. This system is designed and developed in the form of a prototype. Our design is described with a focus on the beam energy in the range 5−50 MeV. To select appropriate types of material to ensure good performance, the well-proved PHITS Monte Carlo code was performed. Monte Carlo simulation is one of the most important methods of simulating the distributions of the energy deposition and the charged particles of the incident electrons. The optimal size and the overall system of use of our Faraday cup are also described.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 015 P04-01-015

Microanalysis of Thai amulet: Phra Luang Pho Thuad

Krit Won-in1, Khemchat Thepchai2, Pisutti Dararutana3

1Lecturer 2Retired Government Official 3Retired Army Officer Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract An amulet, also known as a good luck charm, is an object believed to confer protection upon its possessor. Thai Amulets exist in many forms in Thailand and are made by many different traditions and ethnic groups. Many people in Thailand, Singapore, and Malaysia believe that amulets depicting Phra Luang Pho Thuad hold great protective powers granting safety in times of distress, especially saving the lives of believers from seemingly fatal automobile accidents. This work is aimed to study the 16 samples of the Phra Luang Pho Thuad amulets created from Wat Chang Hai (Pattani) which are made from herbs and powder. A scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) uses to characterize these elemental compositions and structures. It is found that carbon (C), oxygen (O), silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), arsenic (As), and tungsten (W) present as a major, minor and trace elements. Moreover, by means of the mature of these elements, there is the chemical composition of quartz, orthoclase, and anhydrite as the basic minerals, while magnetite is identified to the characteristic mineral as the fingerprint.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 063 P04-02-063

Elemental quantification of airborne particulate matter at Nong kung tao, Thasongkhorn Sub-ditrict, Muang district, Mahasarakham Province, by x-ray fluorescence technique

Piriya Praneekit1, Pongsathon Kongkaew1,Thanin Rudchapo1

1Physics program Rajabhat mahasakham university Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The research as study to elemental quantity in particulate matter (PM10) at community where near factory as source found analysis of PM10. Which PM10 smaller sizes than of 10 µm from soil, rock, ash from leaf and ash from bagasse, respectively. PM10 were collected from around area and were pumped into filter paper by personal pump machines. PM10 were weighted by four point digital balance as calculate the concentration of PM10. PM10 was analyzed by x-ray fluorescence. Results found that the elemental quantity of soil, rock, ash from leaf consists several silicon (Si) and calcium (Ca) which matching with the PM10 into filter paper by personal pump. PM10 from ash bagasse consists several Potassium (K) and sulfur (S) which non matching with the PM10 into filter paper. Moreover, the 4 day of standard exceeds concentration on 19, 29 February 2017 and on 6, 13 March 2017 which the concentration values of 0.163, 0.204, 1.1029, 0.163 mg/m3, respectively due to factors of vehicular traffic, burn waste and road construction. Hence, elemental quantity in PM10 at Nong kung tao, Thasongkhorn Sub-ditrict, Muang district, Mahasarakham Province can’t found from bagasse but sources of elemental was found from soil, rock and ash from leaf.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 164 P04-03-164

Assessment of Contamination of Natural and Anthropogenic Radionuclides in Rice Samples Collected from Songkhla Province, Thailand

Prasong Kessatikoon1, Dusanee Riyapunt 2, Ruthairat Boonkrongcheep3, Nopparit Changkit4

1Department of Basic Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand 2Undergraduate Student, B.Ed. (Science-Physics) Program, Faculty of Education, Thaksin University, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand 3Research Assistance, Nuclear and Material Physics Research Unit, Department of Basic Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand 4Nuclear Scientist, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Nakhon Nayok, 26120, Thailand Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Study on assessment of contamination of natural and artificial radionuclides in agricultural products samples are very important to all human being as a consumer. In the present study, we have measured and evaluated the specific activities of natural (40K, 226Ra and 232Th) and anthropogenic (137Cs) radionuclide in rice samples. The 30 rice samples were collected from from general and department stores at Songkhla province in the south of Thailand. The high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector and gamma-ray spectrometry analysis system which were set-up in advanced laboratory in Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (public Organization) or TINT were employed to perform all of measurements and analysis for this study. The frequency distribution of specific activities of 40K, 226Ra, 232Th and 137Cs for this study were also studied and found to be asymmetrical distribution with the skewness of 1.29, 1.43, 2.32 and 0.82, respectively. For this reason, the median values of specific activities of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th which were 620.04 22.62, 3.73 1.08 and 2.44 0.88 Bq/kg respectively, should be selected and also used to calculate some related radiological hazard indices in this study. Furthermore, the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) would be also evaluated and presented. Moreover, the results of present study were taken

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

to compare with some data and studies in Thailand and global measurement and calculations. It was found that the outcomes satisfied the standards of IAEA.

Keywords: specific activity, rice, radiological hazard index, excess lifetime cancer risk

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 166 P04-04-166

Age-dependent dose and carcinogenic risk assessment for radio nuclide 210Po in 5 species of shellfish, Thailand

Phatchada Nochit1, Wutthikrai Kulsawat1, Jaruwit Khunsamut2

1Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), 9/9 Moo 7, Ongkharak District, Nakhon-Nayok 26120, Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The Thai population has the seafood as an important component in their diet because seafood are a source of protein that is easily available. This paper aimed to determine the 210Po concentrations in 5 species of shellfish, i.e., green mussel (Perna viridis), oyster (Saccostrea cucullata), enamel venus clam (Meretrix meretrix), radiated scallop (Amuseum pleuronectes) and cockle (Anadara granosa) collected from the upper Gulf of Thailand. The estimation of age dependent effective dose and lifetime cancer risk were performed. The determination of 210Po consisted of spontaneous deposition on silver discs, followed by alpha counting. The average values found for the activity concentration of 210Po in green mussels, oyster, enamel venus clam, radiated scallop and cockle were 3.31 + 0.20, 2.54 + 0.36, 1.07 + 0.24, 1.73 + 0.37, and 6.05 + 0.94 Bq.kg−1 wet basis. The feeding habit and transfer factor in the trophic level between species caused the different concentrations of 210Po accumulation. Annual effective dose for each species as well as for four age groups (19-30 years, 31-50 years, 51-70 years, and >71 years) of 2.31–14.92 μSv were well below the WHO permissible limit of 100 μSv.yr-1. The calculated cancer risk of mortality was found in the range of 0.32 x 10−5 to 1.80 x 10−5 and also the calculated cancer risk of morbidity was found in the range of 0.44 x 10−5 to 2.49 x 10−5. As per the WHO and USEPA, the carcinogenic risks in the study area were well below the recommended safe level for radiological risk. Therefore, shellfishes in the upper Gulf of Thailand were safe from the radiological aspect for investigated radionuclide, and poses no significant radiological exposure and health risk to the public.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 171 P04-05-171

Gamma Irradiation on Seed Germination of Thailand Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Kittikhun Prakrajang1, Mathurot Chaiharn2; Nednapa Insulud3, Pathipan Sutigoolabod4, Sukanya Boonsua2

1Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 2Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 3Division of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 4Division of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract A study was carried to investigate the effect of gamma ray irradiation on seed viability of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) on cultivated method. Long harvesting age and low productivity are the inhibiting factor in upland rice breeding. The objectives of this research were to increased productivity of upland rice using gamma-ray radiation at dose of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 Gy. The results indicated that Jaw Haw cultivar is very potential radiation significantly the increase the growth parameter. In addition, lower doses of radiation treatment may be used to increase the germination, growth and vigor in upland rice.

Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 169 P05-01-169

Estimation of Impurity Release from Planar Liquid Surface in Plasma

Nopparit Somboonkittichai1

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract A liquid plasma facing surface, e.g. made of lithium, has been investigated its benefit to fusion plasma operations in past several years. Notably, it has been observed that such a surface placed too deep from a tokamak wall leads to heavy impurity release. Subsequently, the confined plasma cannot tolerate the excessive impurity inventory, and this results in disruption achieving by radiation loss. The study is to theoretically estimate how much surface material loses from a general planar liquid surface with respect to plasma parameters, i.e. density and temperature, which are generally govern charging on the surface. The influx plasma particles directly and indirectly exert forces on the surface. As a result, the net pressure by the forces control evaporation rate. Furthermore, during the bombardment, the momentum transfer between plasma particles and liquid material atoms/molecules leads to sputtering.

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Abstract ID: 037 P07-01-037

The new evidence from the fingerprint region in FT-IR spectra to indicate the heat treatment of blue sapphire samples

Aumaparn Phlayrahan1

1Faculty of Gems, Burapha University, Chanthaburi Campus Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The FT-IR spectroscopy is a significant method to detect the heat treatment of gemstones, especially, ruby and sapphire. There are set of certain peaks i.e., 3309, 3232, and 3185 cm-1 in the FT-IR spectra using as an indicator to determine whether the samples have been undergone heat treatment. In this study, however, new evidence has emerged. The O-Al-O bending vibration peak at the fingerprint region around 600-700 cm-1 has been suggested as new clues to define the heated stones. The blue sapphire samples from Phrae Province, Thailand were prepared, then the heat treatment was performed separately at 800, 1000, 1200, 1400, and 1650 °C under an oxidizing atmosphere with the soaking time of 1 hour. The energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) shows that there is no significant difference in the chemical composition of Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, and Ga2O3 between unheated and heated samples. The alteration of blue color and the UV-Vis absorption spectra are also difficult to classify. When comparing the samples at each heating temperature, the alteration of blue color was not related to one another because the color of the samples was decreased depending on those of the unheated ones. The FT-IR spectra revealed that the broad absorption peak of O-Al-O bending at approximately 650 cm-1 was slightly shifted to a lower wavenumber (630 – 635 cm-1) after the samples were heated at higher temperatures. The broad absorption peak also turned into the sharper one when the sample has undergone heating at 1000 °C onward. It is suggested that the peak is related to the rearrangement of the Al2O3 structure of the blue sapphire sample after heat treatment.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 043 P07-02-043

Coherent Length Measurement of Single Photons using Mach Zehnder Interferometer

Kitisak Boonkham1

1Mahidol Wittayanusorn school Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract An interference experiment of twin photons using Mach - Zehnder interferometer has been performed. Twin photons called signal and idler are the pairs of temporally correlated photons with identical properties. The photons are produced with a type-I spontaneous parametric down-conversion process in a BBO nonlinear crystal. The single photons (signal photons) are sent along one path of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Then, the interference of single photons is observed when the path of photons cannot be specified. Experimental results show that half of the photon wave packet that causes the coincidence counts of the signal and idler is a function of the interferometer's path difference. Finally, the coherence length can be determined and it was found to be approximately 25 µm.

Keywords: twin photons, spontaneous parametric down-conversion, photon wave packet, coherence length, coincidence counts

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 057 P07-03-057

Dimensionality reduction in quantum channels

Nuttida Kaewart, Narupon Chattrapiban

Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract We investigate changes in the correlation function of time-dependent wave function due to a dimensionality reduction in geometrical construction of quantum channels. The correlation functions give signatures that point to dominant eigen energies in all dimensions when the channel evolves from a 2D finite well to approach a 1D long one. On the other hand, when we introduce an obstruction in the channel, we found that the signatures only point to the dominant eigen energies in the dimension along the width of the obstruction. Those correspond to the other dimension along the length of the channel have eigen energies mixed and their statistical properties need further investigation. This setup demonstrates quasi-bound states in quantum channels.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 111 P07-04-111

Manipulation of atomic density in a vapor cell using light- induced atomic desorption

Apiwit Kaewko1, Kittisak Ketaiam1, Nithiwadee Thaicharoen1

1Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract In cold atom experiment, the laser requires to be stabilized at a specific frequency. This can be performed using saturated absorption spectroscopy in a vapor glass cell. Here, the atomic density inside the glass cell has to be high enough in order to extract the spectroscopic signal. One method to increase the atomic density inside the glass cell is via light-induced atomic desorption (LIAD). This can be performed by emitting light with more energy than the work function of the glass cell which allows atoms to be desorbed from the surface of the glass cell.This work demonstrates that atomic density in the glass cell is influenced by wavelength and emitting time of an external light source. The result will be further used for atomic spectroscopy measurement.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 131 P07-05-131

Dynamics of spiral wave sin a closed photo sensitive excitable chemical system

Kritsana Khaothong1, Vikanda Chanchang1, Jarin Kanchanawarin1, Malee Sutthiopad1, Chaiya Luengviriya1

1Kasetsart University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Spiral waves has been observed in a thin layer of excitable media. Especially, electrical spiral waves in cardiac tissues connect to cardiac tachycardia and life-threatening fibrillations. The Belousov Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction is the most widely used system to study the dynamics of spiral waves in experiments. When the light sensitive is used as the catalyst, the BZ reaction becomes photosensitive, and the excitability of the reaction can be controlled by varying the illumination intensity. However, the typical photosensitive BZ reaction produces many CO2 bubbles so the spiral waves are always studied in thin layer media with opened top surfaces to release the bubbles. In this work, we develop new chemical recipes of the photosensitive BZ reaction which produces less bubbles. To observe the production of bubbles, we investigate the dynamics of spiral waves in a closed thin layer system. The results show that both the speed of spiral waves and the amount of bubbles increase with the concentration of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and sodium bromate (NaBrO3). For high initial concentrations of both reactants, the size of bubbles increases with time until the wave structures are destroyed. We expect that the chemical recipes reported here can be used to study the complicate dynamics of three-dimensional spiral waves in thick BZ media where the bubbles cannot escape.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 142 P09-01-142

Methylmercury Quantification Using A DNA-based Optical Sensor Coupled with a Portable Fluorometer

Sirirat Ouiganon1, Kittirat Phooplub1, Chongdee Buranachai1, Panote, Thavarungkul1; Proespichaya Kanatharana1, Chittanon Buranachai1

1Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Methylmercury, an organic formation of mercury, occurs from the microbial activity mostly in upper sedimentary layers of sea bottoms. It is taken up rapidly by the food web, with greater accumulation in higher trophic levels. Moreover, methylmercury is effectively absorbed (more than 90%) in the gastrointestinal tract of humans, whereas inorganic mercury is poorly absorbed. Eating seafoods especially fish and shellfish that have high levels of methylmercury in their tissues can directly affect to the consumers and infants when their mothers eat fish and shellfish that contain methylmercury. Possible symptoms of methylmercury poisoning such as loss of peripheral vision, impairment of speech, hearing, and walking. Moreover, in children, methylmercury have impacts to their cognitive thinking, memory, attention, language, fine motor skills, and visual spatial skills. Therefore, methylmercury quantification is important. To quantify the concentration of methylmercury accumulated in fish or shellfish onsite, herein, we develop a DNA-based optical sensor coupled with a portable fluorometer. The sensor consists of two parts. The first part involves methylmercury binding in which the presence of methyl mercury results in a liberation of single stranded DNA, called the ‘catalyst’. In the second part, the ‘catalyst’ catalyzed a formation of duplex DNA from two DNA hairpins, that would have not hybridized in the absence of the ‘catalyst’. By doubly labeling one of the DNA hairpins with a fluorescent dye and a quencher, we are able to report the formation of duplex DNA and the presence of methylmercury. Under the optimal sensing conditions, the sensor provided a good sensor performance to the standard methylmercury both under a commercial fluorometer and our

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laboratory-built portable fluorescence detector. Therefore, the developed sensing system has a potential for onsite methylmercury detection.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 044 P10-01-044

Electronic band structures of MnS and Cr-doped MnS zinc blende materials using DFT+U

Nitat Sripongpun1

1 Mahidol Wittayanusorn school Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Electronic and magnetic calculations of zinc-blend (β) structure of MnS based on density functional theory were investigated using ultra soft pseudopotential. The spin orientation on Mn atoms was used to identify MnS magnetic phase. The DFT+U method was employed to predict underestimated band gap which obtained from standard DFT. In this calculation, Hubbard (U) energies are varied from 0 to 7.6 eV. Cr-doped MnS in its magnetic ground state and electronic band structure was also studied by considering only Hubbard energy at 0.0, 4.0 and 7.6. The results show that the β-MnS is anti-ferromagnetism and the band gap is raised up to 2.48 eV when Habbard energy is added by 4.0 eV into total energy calculation. The Cr dopant aligns at the Fermi energy level for Hubbard energy at 0.0 and 7.6 eV while at 4.0 eV, the Cr band is located at the donor level of the MnS structure.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 046 P11-01-046

Fabrication of SnO2 by RF magnetron sputtering for electron transport layer of planar perovskite solar cells

Rrattanaphon Thanimkan1, Sojiphong Chatraphorn1

1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The requirements of electron transport layer (ETL) for high efficiency Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are, for example, appropriate band energy alignment, high electron mobility, high optical transmittance, high stability, and easy processing. The metal-oxide ETLs that have been proposed for PSCs are, such as, TiO2, SnO2, etc. TiO2 is usually used for ETL as a compact layer and a mesoporous layer. Both layers give relatively higher efficiency PSCs. However, TiO2 layer has some limitations for PSCs such as it needs high-temperature process and yields low electron mobility. The effect of TiO2 layer negatively affects the device stability under ultraviolet (UV) illumination. Recently, SnO2 has attracted more attention as ETL for PSCs because it has diverse advantages, e.g., wide bandgap energy (3.5 – 4.0 eV), excellent optical and chemical stability, high transparency, high electron 2 mobility (~240 cm /V.s), and easy preparation. The SnO2 ETL was fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering technique to ensure the chemical composition and uniform layer thickness when compared to the use of chemical solution via spin-coating method. The RF power was varied from 60 – 150 W. The Ar sputtering gas pressure was varied from 1x10-3 – 6x10- 3 -4 mbar while keeping O2 partial pressure at 1x10 mbar. The thickness of SnO2 layer decreases as the Ar gas pressure increases resulting in the increase of sheet resistance. The surface morphology and optical transmission of the SnO2 ETL were investigated. It was found that the optimum thickness of SnO2 layer was approximately 35 – 40 nm. The best 2 device shows Jsc = 27.4 mA/cm , Voc = 1.03 V, fill factor = 0.63, and efficiency = 17.7%.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 047 P11-02-047

Improving the triple-cation perovskite solar cells efficiency by two-step deposition methods with perovskite seeds

Passakorn Phiromruk1, Sojiphong Chatraphorn1

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract As of recent years, triple-cation perovskite solar cells have received immense attention due to its superior efficiency and better stability comparing to the classic single-cation perovskite solar cells such as MAPbI3 or FAPbI3. A triple-cation perovskite layer which has been used most recently is cesium- containing FAPbI3-based perovskite. One of decent approaches to fabricate the layer is spin-coating technique by using two-step deposition process in which mixed lead-halide and CsI precursor is firstly spin-coated onto a substrate, then organic cation solution is deposited on the lead-halide layer. In this work, the results show that the performance of the devices from this process is lower than expected that could be due to difficulty of cesium ion incorporation as a stabilizer for FAPbI3-based perovskite. Perovskite seeding growth is introduced to solve the problem where the process is slightly modified from conventional two-step deposition methods by adding small amount of perovskite seed precursor into PbI2 solution. The concentration of the perovskite seed in PbI2 was varied for 0, 7, 14 and 20 v/v%. The highest average efficiency of 12% was obtained from 7 v/v% seeding concentration. Furthermore, the device performance could be improved by using proper amount of chlorobenzene as an anti-solvent. The highest efficiency of 17% was achieved by using 30µl of chlorobenzene.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 092 P11-03-092

Physicochemical properties of PSF/NH2-SiO2 composite membranes incorporated by polymeric additives

Sunanta Thunta1, Chalad Yuenyao1

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phetchabun Rajabhat University, Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract This research project aims to study the effects of PVP and PEG on the morphological structure, hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of PSF/NH2-SiO2 nanoporous composite membranes. To investigate the physical and chemical properties as mentioned above, pure PSF and composite of PSF/NH2-SiO2 membranes with and without the addition of PVP and PEG are fabricated by phase inversion method. Alteration of characteristics of synthesized membrane samples are evaluated by different analytical techniques. Hydrophilicity of membrane surfaces is analyzed through the measurement of water contact angle (WCA) while morphological structure and pore size as well as physical structure are evaluated through the SEM micrographs. Variation of hydrophilic functional group is analyzed by FTIR technique. Results showed that PVP and PEG clearly affect to morphological and porous structures of composite membranes. Porous structure have changed from sponge-like structure with macrovoids to finger-like structure. Macrovoids disappeared when PVP and PEG were incorporated into the matrix of PSF/NH2-SiO2 composite membranes. Importantly, nano-size pore appeared on the top surface of PSF/NH2-SiO2 membranes incorporated with PVP and PEG. Moreover, PVP and PEG also influenced to hydrophilic properties of membrane samples. This effect is confirmed by increasing of hydrophilic group on the composite membrane surfaces and decreasing of WCA.

Keywords: Composite membranes, PSF/NH2-SiO2, morphological structure, hydrophilic properties, PVP and PEG

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 094 P11-04-094

Synthesis of nano-silica xero-gel from rice straw ash

Oranut Yosma1, Yuenyao Chalad1

1Phetchabun Rajabhat University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract This research aims to synthesize a silica xerogel from rice straw ash that is a residue biomass from agriculture. The first step of the synthesis is preparing of sodium silicate that is then used as silica source. To prepare a silica source, pretreated rice straw was burned at 600-900 oC to obtain a rice straw ash. Resulted rice straw ash is reacted with 0.5 M NaOH for 3-12 h and filtrated by a no.41 filter paper. The obtained sodium silicate is then mixed with 0.5 M HCl under stirring for 6 h to produce the nano-silica. In this study, nano- silica was synthesized by using a templating method, as well. Nano-silica synthesized with and without a template are characterized and compared. To increase the purity of nano-silica xerogels, as-synthesized silica was filtrated and clean with deionized water for 3 times, dried in electric oven at 85 oC overnight and calcined at 500 oC. Various analytical techniques like SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, BET and % whiteness, are employed to confirm the quality of particles.First experimental results showed that nano-silica with purity up to 99 wt% were completely synthesized. Nano-silica with intermediate specific surface area and pore volume was obtained.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 116 P11-05-116

TiO2 porous nanoparticles synthesized by co-condensation method using different temperatures

Chanyalack Kumsee

Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The objective of this research is to investigate the synthesis of porous single- phase nano-titanium using titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) as a precursor and three types of surfactant as structure directing agent or template; CTAB, MTAB and Sugar Ester S770. Co-condensation method combined with bi- phasic condition is utilized for the synthesis. The formation of titanium nanoparticles occurs at about 65 oC under atmospheric pressure and the basic environment. To obtain a single-phase nano-titanium, the obtained as- synthesized TiO2 are dried and calcined at 80 and 550 °C, respectively. Calcined particles are then analyzed and tested with various analytical techniques. Water retention is analyzed by dipping of TiO2 particles in deionized water (DI-water). Surface area and porous volume were analyzed by BET technique while the size and distribution of porosity were analyzed by BJH method with nitrogen adsorption (N2-isotherm). Morphology and internal nanostructure of particles were analyzed through the SEM and TEM techniques. UV-vis and XRD techniques were used to determine the energy band gap and composition of the obtained particles, respectively, while water contact measurement was employed to evaluate the hydrophilic properties of synthesized particles. Results from preliminary experiment showed the successful synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles with highly porous surfaces in which can be utilized in various applications like preparation of nanocomposite membranes, agriculture and solar cells.

Keywords: Synthesis, Monodisperse, Mesoporous, TiO2, Nanoparticles.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 144 P11-06-144

Physical and Electrochemical Properties of Vanadium Nitride and Copper Films with High Copper Content

Annop Klamchuen1, Jiraporn Pongsopa1, Kanchaya Honglertkongsakul1, Pattira Homhuan1,Tuksadon Wutikhun1

1Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Vanadium nitride and copper (VN-Cu) films with differing high Cu contents were deposited using reactive magnetron co-sputtering and by varying the nitrogen partial pressure. A literature review, indicated that the Cu content in the films affects the mechanical film properties significantly. The ratio of low Cu in the films can improve the mechanical and electrical properties. A high Cu ratio degrades the film mechanical properties. VN-Cu films with a high Cu content had the maximum hardness and the mechanical properties of the VN-Cu films improved compared with the VN film. The presence of Cu in the VN-Cu films was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffractometry confirmed that Cu3N results in no external energy growth of the VN-Cu film. Because of the mixed structure, the VN- Cu film hardness with a maximum Cu ratio of 40.55% or Cu content of 26.37 ± 0.22 at.% varied as 9.346, 17.157, and 26.300 GPa. The development of new materials with varying mechanical properties based on Cu content provides for many new potential applications. However, limited information exists on the effect of Cu content on the electrochemical properties. Here we show that the electrochemical properties and conductivity of VN-Cu with a high Cu content can be improved. Therefore, the VN-Cu film can serve as a new anode material for rechargeable batteries.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 009 P13-01-009

Environment friendly concrete made from Portland cement and aggregate replacement materials

Boripat Kaewsai1, Arnon Chaipanich1

1 Chiang Mai University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract This research work investigated the properties of concrete block made from Portland cement and aggregate replacement materials. Portland cement (PC) was replaced by fly ash (FA) at 10%, 20%, 30% and sand was replaced by bottom ash (BA) at 10% by weight. Water was used at 7% by weight of total solid mass. Binder : Sand : Stone dust ratio of 1 : 5 : 6, 1 : 4 : 5 and 1 : 3.5 : 4.5 were used. Compressive strength were tested after curing in air for 28 days. The microstructure and phase characterizations of the specimens were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and X-Ray Diffraction respectively. The results showed that compressive strength of 1 : 5 : 6 ratio was lower than others. Concrete block replaced by fly ash had lower compressive strength when amount of fly ash increased. Concrete block had lower compressive strength when replaced sand by bottom ash. As a result, the mixes with FA as PC replacement and BA as sand replacement at the ratio of 1 : 5 : 6 did not meet the requirement of Thai industrial standard. However, concrete block with PC replaced by fly ash 10%, 20% and sand replaced by bottom ash 10% of 1 : 3.5 : 4.5 ratio was higher than 1 : 5 : 6 ratio and this ratio meet the requirement of Thai industrial standard

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 010 P13-02-010

Magnetic and electrochemical properties of nickel oxide microstructures prepared by hydrothermal method

Nattarika, Boonraksa1, Kwanruthai Wongsaprom1

1Mahasarakham Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Nickel oxide microstructures were succesfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm were used to characterize the crystallinity, morphology, surface and porosity characteristics for the sample. The magnetic properties were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The sample exbibited ferromagnetic behaviour at room-temperature with the magnetization value of ~ 160 memu/g. The electrochemical properties were examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge- discharge (GCD). The sample shows considerable specific capacitance of 174.14 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, the cycle stability excellent usability 76.6% after 500 cycles charge and discharge at a current density of 5 A/g.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 013 P13-03-013

The facile one-step hydrothermal method for the preparation of MnO2 nanoparticles: Structural and electrochemical properties

kwanruthai wongsaprom1, khacharin Tangphanit1

1 Mahasarakham university Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract MnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the facile one-step hydrothermal method. The structural and morphological properties of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) was used to study the surface area and pore structure of MnO2 nanoparticles. The XRD results confirmed the formation of pure phase MnO2 with orthorhombic crystal structure. FE-SEM analysis revealed the combination of massively small spherical particles with average particle size 54.8 nm. The electrochemical performance of MnO2 nanoparticles was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD). The electrochemical results showed that the MnO2 nanoparticles delivered the specific capacitance of 200.83 F/g at a current density of 1A/g with the rate capability of 30% after 500 cycles charge and discharge test at a current density of 5 A/g.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 021 P13-04-021

Structural and electronic properties of LiMnO2 doped with transition metals: A first-principles study

Nontawat Chaiyaocha1, Worasak Sukkabot

1 Ubonratchatani University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract A spin density functional study of structural and electronic properties of LiMnO2 doped with different transition metals (Sc, V and Tc) is reported. The physical properties of LiMnO2 material are sensitive with the transition- metal dopants. Transition metal dopants increase the lattice parameters and their volumes, thus increasing the Li diffusion channel. The computations remark that the transition metals introduce the d orbitals around the Fermi level. Tc doping in LiMnO2 demonstrates the enhancement in the electronic conductivity because of the volumetric expansion. Finally, these results convey a valuable agenda for the future optimization of transition-metal doped LiMnO2 cathode materials for next-generation lithium batteries.

Keywords: LiMnO2, transition metal, dope, spin density functional calculations.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 060 P13-05-060

Mechanical and physical properties of Water Hyacinth and Cogon Grass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites

Pongsathorn Kongkaew1, Piriya Praneekrit2, Thanin Rudchapo2, Kanokon Khampui3

1Program of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University. 2Program of physics,Rajabhat Maha Sarakham university 3Program of science Faculty of Education Rajabhat Maha Sarakham university Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract In this research, the study to investigate and compare the physical and mechanical properties of water hyacinth and cogon grass fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites. The composites were fabricated by hand lay-up process. The effect of investigation was analyzed via water absorption, microstructure, tensile properties, flexural properties and impact strength tests for total fiber contents, 15 wt% and different water hyacinth- cogon grass fiber ratios (10/0, 8/2, 6/4, 4/6, 2/8 and 0/10). The results showed that the addition of water hyacinth and cogon grass fiber in epoxy, improves tensile properties, flexural properties and impact properties, but decrease water absorption. The analysis of the microstructure found that surface fracture behavior and void between the fiber and matrix of the composites using scanning electron microscope (SEM).

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 070 P13-06-070

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Synthesized by using Templating Technique

Chalad Yuenyao1

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Porous silica nanoparticles were synthesized in this research. TEOS was used as a precursor and three types of surfactant including CTAB, S770 and TTAB, to be used as structure directing agent. To compare the effect of template type on the characteristics of synthetic nanoparticles, molar ratio of precursor to template is equally controlled. The co-condensation combined with a bi-phasic technique was utilized for this synthesis. The as-synthesized particles were incinerated to remove the directing agent at about 500-800 °C under atmospheric pressure for 5 h. To confirm the quality of synthesized nano-silica, characteristics of nanoparticles are characterized by several analytical techniques. Morphology, particle size and composition are analyzed by SEM and TEM, while affinity to water is analyzed by measuring the water contact angle at different position on the surface of the obtained particles. Surface area and pore volume are determined by BET technique, while crystallinity and functional groups present in the nanoparticles were analyzed by XRD and FTIR techniques, respectively. Preliminary results showed that the whiteness of silica powder increase as the incinerate temperature is increased. The synthesized silica is approximately 25-35 wt% of the initial weight of substrate. Comparison of the surface area (SA) of calcined and non-calcined particles showed that calcined silica have higher SA than non-calcine silica. As can be seen from SEM and TEM results, the synthesized particles are mesoporous silica nanoparticles.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 054 P14-01-054

Synthesis of the platinum particle with the pH variation for the particle size control

Pimthong Thongnopkun1, Wanliya Kitprapot1

1Faculty of Gems, Burapha University Chanthaburi Campus Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Platinum is a precious metal widely used in the jewelry industry due to its property and intrinsic value. The different particle sizes of platinum can be applied in various applications, especially for jewelry production. In the present article, submicron, and nano platinum particle sizes were synthesized through simple chemical reduction methods and the effect of pH variation was revealed. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) morphological study shows that the particle size of synthesized platinum was affected by the pH value. The size of the obtained particle was decreased from the submicron to the nano one while the pH was increased. The UV-Vis spectra indicate the maximum absorption at 202 and 237 nm confirming the spherical shape of the platinum particle. The FT-IR spectroscopy was used to analyze the residual of the synthesis. The result shows that there is no indication of those in the synthesized particle. Additionally, this synthesis can provide stability in terms of size and shape, as well as high production yield.

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Abstract ID: 126 P14-02-126

Angle dependent spectrum measurement of opal like structure described by Bragg-Snell diffraction and perturbed photonic band structure

Nonthanan Sitpathom1, Tanyakorn Muangnapoh1, Pisist Kumnorkaew1, Sujin Suwanna2, Asawin Sinsarp2, Tanakorn Osotchan2

1National Nanotechnology Center 2Mahidol University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Optical diffraction of opal, a colloidal photonic crystal, can be predicted by Bragg-Snell diffraction and photonic band structure. Theoretical prediction and optical measurement are frequently slightly different due to distance variation of particle packing. In this research, opal of 310 nm polystyrene beads was fabricated by self-assembly process and optically investigated in transmission spectra at varied angles. The measured spectra had less agreement to the Bragg-Snell prediction at large angle of detection. To explore influence of packing distance on optical response, photonic band structures were numerically simulated via plane-wave expansion method at presence of perturbed length in primitive lattice vectors. Extending each primitive vector with fixing others provided a different eigenfrequency of the first photonic band, although they had a symmetrical perturbation on (111) face-centered cubic. Perturbation on lattice length became much strong when the disturbing direction was out of eigenstate orientation plane.

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Abstract ID: 086 P15-01-086

Efficiency of Supercapacitor with CaTiO3-filled Polysulfone Separators

Sanit Suwanwong1

1Phetchabun Rajabhat University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The constantly increasing demand for electric energy in the present world results in the need for energy storage such as batteries, capacitors and supercapacitors. Supercapacitors are durable and can charge electricity faster and keep electric charge longer. In this study, electrodes for supercapacitors were made from aluminum foils coated with carbon nanotube film, and separated by electrolyte solution and a separator. A separator could prevent short circuit but allow ions to pass through, and consequently increased storage layers of electric charge. The separators used in this study were made from polysulfone containing CaTiO3 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 wt% with Perovskite properties, high dielectric constant, electrical resistivity and energy density. After that, they were built in coin-cell form. It was found from the study that the addition of 2.0 wt% CaTiO3, the largest proportion of all samples, provided a maximum specific energy at 4.03 mWh/g and a maximum specific capacitance at 4.64 F/g. accounting for 2.17-time higher than that of polysulfone without CaTiO3. Thus, supercapacitors with CaTiO3-filled polysulfone separators are suitable for improving efficiency of supercapacitors in energy storage from electrical supply.

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Abstract ID: 115 P15-02-115

The Physical and Electronic Properties of Lead-free (K1- xNaxNbO3) under Stress-Strain at Temperature and Pressure Change

Nattakit Chaijaroenmaitree1, C Songdet1, P Taveesak1, N Sripongpun1, P Jimlim1, Anucha Pratumma1

1Division of Physics, Mahidol Wittayanusorn School, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand CorrespondingAuthors: [email protected]

Abstract Piezoelectric material is a type of ceramic that has electrical properties. When it is subject to mechanical force, the piezoelectric material provides a voltage known as piezoelectric effect. This commonly uses piezoelectric which is known as KNN (K1-xNaxNbO3) due to high curie temperature. KNN can also be used to apply in many ways. In this research, we studied further about the physical properties of KNN, by using Density Functional Theory (DFT) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) calculation method with PBE developed for solids (PBEsol) functional. We started at a ground state of KNO. From the lattice parameter, we are able to see the equilibrium of four structures of KNO which are tetragonal, orthorhombic, trigonal, cubic. We also calculated band structure and the density of states (DOS).We analyzed the results from the band structure and the density of states (DOS) of each crystal structure to find the trend of physical and electronic properties.

Keywords: lead-free, piezoelectric, density functional theory

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Abstract ID: 141 P15-03-141

The behaviors of output efficiency of n-type and p-type Bi2Te3 thermoelectric cell rod with difference of leg height

Thidatip Janjaroen1, Chesta Ruttanapun1

1King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The objectives of this study were to study the output efficiency of n-type and p-type Bi2Te3 thermoelectric materials (ingot) for applying as a thermoelectric generator (TEG). The phase analysis of Bi2Te3 was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that most diffraction peaks of the XRD patterns of Bi2Te3 sample present a rhombohedral Bi2Te3 structure. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was investigated bulk Bi2Te3 samples revealed their surface morphology after polishing. This result can be seen in these figures that the high homogeneity of all bulk samples resulted in a highly dense microstructure. The density value of bulk Bi2Te3 was approximately 98%. Before measurement, both n-type and p-type Bi2Te3 were cut as cell rod about 0.5 * 0.5 * 2 cm and the silver paint was paint at both surfaces as the electrode. For investigation of the output efficiency, the temperature at hot surface was set at 100 ˚C. The temperature differences (ΔT) were found that the ΔT of n-type Bi2Te3 thermoelectric cell rod was observed at about 60 ˚C. Moreover, a voltage and a current of n-type Bi2Te3 thermoelectric cell rod were observed at about 9.1 mV and 1.75 uA, respectively. However, good output efficiency was observed in the p-type Bi2Te3 thermoelectric cell rod with ΔT of about 65 ˚C and a voltage and current were observed about 12.8 mV and 4.32 uA, respectively. Notably, the good output efficiency of p-type Bi2Te3 is higher than n-type Bi2Te3 because the figure-of-merit (ZT) value of p-type Bi2Te3 is higher than n- type Bi2Te3. Then the difference of leg height of the p-type Bi2Te3 thermoelectric cell rod was investigated. These results indicated that the output efficiency of p-type Bi2Te3 thermoelectric cell rod is dependent on the height of p-type Bi2Te3 thermoelectric leg.

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Abstract ID: 147 P15-04-147

Energy conversion of electrostrictive poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) /Graphene composites

Rojanasak Ruadroew1, Chatchai Putson1

1Prince of Songkla University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Energy conversion of electrostrictive poly (vinylidene fluoride-co- hexafluoropropylene), P(VDF-HFP) polymer filled with graphene nanosheet (GNPs) was investigated. Those composites were fabricated by solution casting method. In fact, dielectric constant is one of key performance of the energy conversion based on the electrostrictive materials. Thus, the LCR meter was used to determine the dielectric behavior in a range of frequency. The photonic sensor was used to investigate the electrostrictive coefficient in varying the vibration conditions and electric field. The results revealed that dielectric constant, and electrostrictive coefficient significantly increase when the GNPs fillers were increased. Consequently, the generated current from the composite films also increased with the GNPs content. The results show that the obtained P(VDF-HFP)/GNPs composites are very promising electrostrictive polymers for the energy conversion application.

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Abstract ID: 154 P15-05-154

Ferroelectric properties and breakdown strength of layer- by-layer poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) and polyurethane (PU) for energy storage application

Chanisara Chooseng1, Suphita Chaipo1, Chatchai Putson1

1Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Ferroelectric polymers are one of the next-generation pulsed capacitor materials for the potential application in capacitive energy storage. This polymer with higher saturated polarization, smaller remnant polarization and higher electrical breakdown are the most promising candidates. In this work, the dielectric properties and energy storage capacity of the bilayer polymers films of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co- hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) and polyurethane (PU) were studied. These bilayer polymers were prepared by layer-by-layer method at the condition of variable layer thickness. The results show that the dielectric constants and the saturated polarization of the bilayer films increased, and bilayer films with P70/PU30 exhibit electrical high breakdown strength (Eb) up to 379 V/μm. Moreover, enhanced the energy density (Ue) and the energy storage efficiency of the bilayer constrictors will be discussed for the capacitive energy storage polymers.

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Abstract ID: 157 P15-06-157

Preparation and electrostictive properties of polyurethane filled with polypyrrole-carbon black for the energy harvesting application

Kunlawan Hirunchulha1, Kantisa Jehlaeh1, Chatchai Putson1

1Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The polymer composites based on the electrostrictive materials with high polarization are attracting scientific due to the prospect of application in the energy conversion. The dielectric and electrostrictive properties of polyurethane (PU) thin films filled with Polypyrrole-Carbon Black (PPy- CB) at different concentrations were investigated. All samples were prepared by using a film-casting process. The results were showed that dielectric constant, loss tangent and conductivity of PU/PPy-CB film composites increased when concentration of PPy-CB was increased. The dielectric behaviors of those samples was compared with several model for matching performance. Moreover, the electrostrictive coefficient also increased when concentration of PPy-CB was increased. While, the electrical breakdown stretch decreased when concentration of PPy-CB was increased which will be discussed for the energy harvesting applications.

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Abstract ID: 039 P16-01-039

Correlations between PM2.5 and meteorological variables in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Panatcha Anusasananan1, Dalad Morasum 1, Suksan Suwanarat 1, Nipon Thangprasert 1

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected]

Abstract Air pollution is a major concern for the population in Chiang Mai the same as most people in the other large cities in the world. Hazy skies and pollution alert have become normal during late winter and entire summer almost every year. Prolonged expose to PM2.5 can cause acute and chronic effects to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. This research aims to study the correlations between PM2.5 and meteorological variables (rainfall and temperature) at Chiang Mai during 2017 and 2020. The cross wavelet transform (XWT) and wavelet coherence (WTC) have been used to examine these relations by assessing the presence of common power and the relative phase in the time-frequency space. The XWT between PM2.5 and rainfall shows significant common power in two dominant period bands, one in the period between 10-14 months and the other one between 5-7 months. The first common power occurs during all observed time intervals is obviously related to natural annual periodicities of PM2.5 and rainfall. The second band occurs only in the year 2019 may be connected with the beginning of the monsoon season which starts in May brings a stream of warm moist air to Chiang Mai. Our data shows that PM2.5 typically begins to rise starting in November, and it remains high until March of the next year. The PM2.5 is low in rainy season since rain has a wet scavenging effect on PM2.5. The WTC, which is a measure of the correlation between two time series, indicate that there is a significant correlation between PM2.5 and rainfall at 10-14 month band. The phase difference between these two time series is defined by arrow. The phase arrows pointing to the left indicated the anti-phase relation, when rainfall increases, PM2.5 decrease and vice versa. The correlation coefficient (r) between PM2.5 and rainfall in rainy season is equal

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to 0.8504. Our studying also finds that there is a proven correlation between PM2.5 and temperature in a day time scale with the correlation coefficient equal to 0.9249. On one day period, PM2.5 is low in day time and high at night. Understanding of how climate variability may impact PM2.5 concentration in Chiang Mai will help the government in better planning and preparation to prevent environmental hazard from PM2.5 pollution.

Keywords: PM2.5, air pollution, wavelet analysis, cross wavelet transform, wavelet coherence.

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Abstract ID: 049 P16-02-049

Drought Analysis over northern Thailand based on SPI

Sujittra Ratjiranukool1, Pakpoom Ratjiranukool2

1Chiang Mai University 2Department of Physics and General Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract In this research, the Kalman filter method was applied for correcting precipitations simulated by a high resolution regional climate model, NHRCM during the period of 1980-1999. The improved average monthly precipitations were close to the stational observations. To reduce systematic error, the Kalman filter method was also applied to simulated monthly precipitations during the future period of 2080-2099. They were analyzed to evaluate drought condition during March-April (out rainy season) and June- July (in rainy season) by using Standardized Precipitation Index, SPI. Preliminary Analysis shows that drought during both periods slightly mitigate. Furthermore, the drought over upper northern Thailand was found in the wettest month during the southwest monsoon period, September. The other months during the monsoon active are wetter than the period of 1980- 1999.

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Abstract ID: 050 P16-03-050

Evaluation of Projected Decadal Wind Energy Potential in Chiang Mai

Sujittra Ratjiranukool1, Pakpoom Rajiranukool2

1Chiang Mai University 2Chiang Mai Rajabhat University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract One of alternative energy sources which has globally pay more attention is wind power. In this research, the Weibull wind speed distribution was applied to evaluate wind energy potential during the period of 2081-2090. The projected wind datasets were simulated by the Non-hydrostatic Regional Climate Model (NHRCM) forced by the 20 km resolution MRI Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM20) under the RCP8.5 scenario. The surface wind datasets in Chiang Mai were analyzed to 3 time intervals, i.e., May-August, September-December and January-April. The two averaged Weibull distribution parameters, i.e., k, shape parameter and c, scale parameter were investigated. The shape and scale parameters fluctuated 1.15 to 1.34 and 0.38 m/s to 0.74 m/s, respectively. It was found that the surface mean wind speed during May to August was stronger than its during September to December. Furthermore, the wind speed shows upward trend during this period.

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Abstract ID: 078 P16-04-078

Mathematical modeling and color quality of thin layer drying of Phlai (Zingiber montanum (Koenig) Link ex A. Dietr.) by solar dryer combined with intermittent infrared radiation

Thanin Rudchapo1, Pattanapol Meena1

1Mahasarakham university Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract In this study, phlai slices were dried with three production drying temperatures (50, 60 and 70℃) three lavels of infrared power (500, 1000 and 1500 W) and 0.4 m/s air velocity in a solar dryer combined with intermittent infrared radiation. Distance from infrared source was 20 cm. The initial moisture content of phlai was about 600% (d.b.) and was reduced to the final moisture content of 13% (d.b.). Thirteen mathematical models available in literature were compared using their coefficient of determination (R2) and Chi-square (χ2) to estimate suitable drying curves. Interpretation of statistical results, Logarithmic model being chosen, this model was considered being best fitted over other models, which were compared between the observed and predicted humidity rates, because it gave the lowest χ2 and highest R2 values. For color quality, it was found that total color difference (∆E*) of phlai was changed with the drying temperature and infrared radiation power.

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Abstract ID: 102 P16-05-102

Integrated studies to investigate paleochannel aquifer in Dan Chang district, Suphan Buri province, western Thailand

Songsak Muangnoi1, Niran Chaimanee2, Passakorn Pananont1

1SEIS-SCOPE, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Kasetsart University 2Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Climate change is currently causing droughts in many parts of Thailand especially in Dan Chang district, Suphan Buri province where many area are out of irrigation coverage and typical groundwater exploration are less successful due to groundwater shortage. Therefore the needs for other shallow groundwater (i.e. less than 15m deep) resources are prominent. This work uses integrated studies of remote sensing, geology and geophysics to identify the locations of paleochannels that contain shallow groundwater resources in Nong Makha Mong subdistrict, Dan Chang district, Suphan Buri province. Potential sites were selected using preliminary remote sensing analysis along with field surveys. The high resolution topography from aerial photos was generated and 2D resistivity imaging surveys were conducted in the selected sites to delineate the locations of the paleochannels. The drilled well proves a success of the geophysical survey to identify the shallow groundwater in paleochannel at depth of 3-15 meters with groundwater yield of 4 m3/hr. The sediments from the borehole suggest a combination of alluvial deposits and fluvial sediments. Due to the relative lower cost of drilling shallow well, this work can be used a pilot project for the local communities to search for shallow groundwater in paleochannel in the areas that face very drought crisis and have very little deep groundwater potential or shallow water resources.

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Abstract ID: 136 P16-06-136

Estimation of the internal exposure from indoor radon, thoron and their progeny in residence around high background radiation area, Phang Nga Province

Chanis Rattanapongs1, Manit Jitpakdee1, Supitcha Chanyotha2

1Kasetsart University 2Chulalongkorn University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract A passive integrating discriminative radon-thoron monitor (Raduet) and radon-thoron progeny monitor (RnP-TnP monitor) with a solid state nuclear track detector (SSNTD) were used for estimating indoor radon, thoron and their progeny concentrations in residential areas around the old mines of the southern Thailand. The exposure to high background radiation level from Uranium-238 and Thorium-232 in the tin mine areas may cause the risk of cancers in respiratory system when consider to health effects of inhabitants surrounding. Radon are mentioned to be the second cause of lung cancers after smoking by the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, a short-lived decay product of thoron (212Po) with its high energy about 8.8 MeV is considered to be one of important radionuclides that can interact biological tissue in the lung leading to cancer from breathing air containing thoron and its progeny. Radon and thoron gases can be released from soils, rocks and the earth crust through air gaps into the air. Some building materials that contained uranium and thorium can produce radon and thoron into the environment as well. Therefore, determination of radon, thoron and their progeny concentrations in places where residents live around the old mines is necessary to assess the dose due to inhalation in dwellings and workplaces for radiation protection.

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Abstract ID: 146 P16-07-146

Single-Axis Solar Tracking System Referring to Date and Time

Natawee Chaijum1, Lerd-aroon Cheunchantawong1, Teeradet Siriram1

1Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract This article is about designing and building single-axis solar tracking system referring to the sun position database. The objectives are as follows: 1. To design and build solar tracking system 2. To compare the power produced from the solar tracking system with stationary solar panel. The angle of the solar panel from the built solar tracking system was positioned with constant altitude angle, 15 degrees, facing south, and the moving part was the azimuth, which follows the position of the sun. Latitude and longitude coordinates were identified by the Arduino UNO R3 microcontroller board for processing data, reading coordinates of the sun's angle degrees from the SD Card module, and commanding the servo motor to rotate in order to adjust the angle of the solar panel in a position perpendicular to the sun. The experimental results were collected in October 2020 from 9 AM to 4 PM. The system changed the angle degree every 30 minutes. It is found that the built solar tracking system can be easily created and controlled, and can also accurately follow the sun’s position all day long. Moreover, it can produce more electric power than the stationary solar panel up to 15%. The built system is usable and can produce more electric power than other tracking systems, although the results were collected during the rainy season, and the weather was generally cloudy and rainy throughout the month.

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Abstract ID: 150 P16-08-150

Density and types of rocks found fossils in soil wells, La- ngu District, Satun Geopark area

Pitchpilai Khoonphunnarai2, Pattamawan Chammari1, Vorapan Thinna1, Uthaiwan Rueangsri1 and Banchong Tongsang2

1Faculty of Education at Songkhla Rajabhat University 2Faculty of Science and Technology at Songkhla Rajabhat University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract This research was to analyze the density and rock types of fossils found in soil wells of La-ngu district at Satun Geopark. To compare the density and rock types found in other fossils of Thailand. Rock samples were collected in class five layers, each layer separated about 1-1.5 meters, the characteristics of each rock floors posing clear distinction has collected rocks as three points with a total of 45 rock samples. The results of density and rock type were found to be all sedimentary rocks. Divided into three types 1. calcareous siltstone 2. Shale and 3. limestone. The average density is 2,594.25±617.68 kg/m3, 2,802.70±916.14 kg/m3, 2,849.91±361.19 kg/m3 respectively. The fossils found on the shale are graptolite and nautiloid. When compared with the Geological Map of Satun Province of the Department of Mineral Resources in 2007, the location of the rock sampling corresponds to the location of the PA SA MED Fm. formations in the Devonian to Silurian period, where siltstone, chert, siliceous mudstone, shale, sandstone and pebbly mudstone were found. (Department of Mineral Resources, 2013).

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Abstract ID: 151 P16-09-151

Influence of El Nino and La Nina on Tropical cyclones over the South China Sea

Phayao Yongsiriwith1, Pitchpilai Khoonphunnarai2

1SKRU 2Songkhla Rajabhat University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The present paper investigates the influence of El Nino and La Nina event year in the South China Sea (SCS) on tropical cyclones (TCs) activity moving on to Thailand. Base on the storm tracking for a period of 69 years (1951–2019) from the Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) was applied to analyze. The results show that during this period the number of 27 El Nino event year and 22 La Nina event year, the intention of the tropical cyclones are a stronger and frequent occurrence during La Nina event year (16 TS and 3 TY) more than El Nino event year (12 TS and 2 TY) which nearly matches of total the tropical cyclones in each event year (33 TCs for El Nino and 34 TCs for La Nina). Furthermore, analysis using the genesis location of tropical cyclones indicates that the tropical cyclones are significantly influenced in La Nina event year seems to be related mostly located in the central of the South China Sea (111°– 117° E, 7°– 18° N) and location more nearly to Thailand than El Nino event year, different from tropical cyclones in El Nino event year it’s scattered throughout this area.

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Abstract ID: 159 P16-10-159

Holocene sea level of Sating-Pra Peninsula, Southern Thailand

Banchong Tongsang1

1Songkhla Rajabhat University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract This research aims to study of the ancient sea conditions of Sating-Pra Peninsula. Samples of marine mollusks and wood dating by radiocarbon technic. The results showed that marine mollusks at UTM 47N 0647185 0861978 at a depth of +2.00, +1.28, +0.52 and -0.46 m from mean sea level (MSL), the ages are 7,030 ± 360, 6,540 ± 340, 6,630 ± 380 and 10,160. ± 700 years before present respectively. The wood sample at UTM 47N 0638240 0868179 at a depth of 2.0 m from MSL, the age was 7,720 ± 420 years before present. The results indicated that the Sating-Pra Peninsula was a sea from the beginning of the Holocene period 10,000 years ago to the middle of the Holocene period at the highest sea level. The remains of marine mollusks indicate that the ancient sea in the Sating-Pra Peninsula is the coastline in the mangrove forest ecosystem. The remains of the topmost sea shell at a depth of +2.00 m above MSL were 7,030 ± 360 years, which is 6,540 ± 340 years and 6,630 ± 380 years longer, corresponding to the age of the wood at depth. +2.00 m above MSL was 7,720 ± 420 years before present, likely caused by anomalous violent waves after 6,540 ± 340 years before present.

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Abstract ID: 163 P16-11-163

Application of IR and UV Radiation in an Intelligent Chicken Farm for High Production and Green Environment

Jutarat Kaewthong1, Achira Sujarit1, Papichaya Chaisakul1, Surasak Chiangga1, Nattaporn Chattham1, Sompid Samipak2

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand 2Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract For chicken industry, hens are raised in large farmhouses which usually difficult to control for complete sanitation. It is very likely that contamination of chicken meat and eggs could occur. This research project aims to improve farmhouse floor disinfection and eggshell sanitization using UV and IR irradiation in aspects of time-saving, accuracy and environmental friendly. Rice husks are widely used for flooring in chicken farm. Proper and reliable sanitization of the rice husk before their employment in the chicken farm is critical as one infection may cause result in a loss of an entire chicken batch in the farm. At present, most sanitization techniques are based on the use of sunlight or chemical product such as Formalin which may be subjected to human error or has detrimental effect toward to human health and environment. This project aims to develop and test a proof-of-concept prototype of rice husk disinfection apparatus by infrared irradiation for chicken farm flooring. Total aerobic plate count will be used to identify the level of bacteria on rice husks after infrared irradiation in order to identify the temperature and time duration required for efficient disinfection. To replace sanitization of eggshells by formaldehyde fumigation in chicken farm, UV disinfection is further explored. Treatment of UV light together with ozone and hydrogen peroxide is implemented for eggshell decontamination. A prototype UV irradiation system was built with special function that can rotate egg in all direction for complete sanitization of eggshell. The equipment was tested to treat eggshell coated with Salmonella

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sp. bacteria. The result showed that egg sanitization using UV treatment together with ozone incubation give significant decrease of bacteria population. By adding hydrogen peroxide exposure to the process, the complete bacteria decontamination was achieved.

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Abstract ID: 036 P17-01-036

A Simple Interference Experiment of Polarized Light Using Polarization Interferometer

Phurinut Rungrojkitiyos1, Punnawich Pongsriassawin1, Sasipa Snunsieng1, Kitisak Boonkham1

1Mahidol Wittayanusorn School CorrespondingAuthors: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract It has been more than 200 years since Thomas Young discovered light interference. After all this time, physicists still have a tough time producing phase differences in their interferometer. The root of this problem is the moving of an arm of the interferometer to create phase differences. In nature, the coherence length of light is extremely small so when they move the arm it has already out of the range. Therefore, this modified polarization interferometer has been setup. It does not require users to move any arms because it uses a quarter-wave plate as a phase shifter. By putting the quarter- wave plate in front of the interferometer and turning it around on the vertical axis to change the thickness of the quarter-wave plate that the light passes through, users can create easily a number of phase differences for their experiment. The experiment was carried out by adjusting the wave plate with various angles. The result showed that the intensity of interference fringes detected at the last part of the interferometer changed at the same time. It means that this interferometer can be used very well to produce phase differences. It is expected that this interferometer can be also used with a short coherence of a light source in the future.

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Abstract ID: 038 P17-02-038

An application of Reflective Holographic Gratings for measurement of cylindrical curvature

Chanikan Inneam1, Witoon Yindeesu1, Keerayoot Srinuanjan1

1King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract This paper presents an application of reflective holographic gratings for the measurement of cylindrical curvature. The surface of fabricated holographic grating was coated with gold by the sputtering method, where it becomes a reflective holographic grating. The grating was attached to the surface of various radius cylindrical objects. The diffraction pattern produced by the bent grating with different radius was observed by illuminating a laser beam normal to the surface of the grating, where the grating constant corresponding to that of the radius. The gratings constant were calculated from the observed diffraction pattern. The relationship between the grating constants and the radius of cylindrical objects is obtained. Experiment results show that the grating constant and the reciprocal of the radius of cylindrical objects is a linear relationship, with the least square between 0.85-0.97. Moreover, it was found that the y-intercept is consistent with the grating constant of the non- bended grating. In conclusion, we can apply this method to measure the radius of cylindrical objects.

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Abstract ID: 062 P17-03-062

Investigation on optical integration between LED mid-IR light sources and Si-based waveguide for spectroscopic sensing applications

Pawaphat Jaturaphagorn1, Papichaya Chaisakul1, Nattaporn Chattham1, Pichet Limsuwan2

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University 2Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Research on photonic integration using Silicon-based micron-scale optical waveguide for the development of spectroscopic sensing systems for portable and on-field usage has recently received great attention for several applications with the Mid-infrared (Mid-IR) regions [1, 2]. Nevertheless, all most of the previously-reported works are based on laser-based light sources, which might prevent the employment of integrated photonic technologies with low-power consumption and at reasonable cost [3]. For example, in agricultural usage such as precision farming, multi-gas, low-cost, and low- power spectroscopic sensing will be mandatorily required, and light emitting diode (LED)-based solutions should be one of the most viable potential options[4]. In this contribution, we will address one of the most crucial issues in using LED light source for spectroscopic sensing in photonic integrated circuits, which is how to achieve efficient optical coupling between a broadband low-cost LED mid-infrared light source and micro-scale optical waveguide. Simulation methods that can properly investigate optical effects from the macroscale optics (broadband LED light source) to the micro/nanoscale optics (optical waveguide) will be employed. Optical simulations based on Eigen Mode Expansion (EME) and FDTD methods will be used to obtain approximate and optimized parameters, respectively. The sensitivity of the optical sensors will be evaluated with respected to the required optical power at the optical sources, the lowest detectable optical power at the photodetectors, and all the possible optical loss within the photonic links. The ability to efficiently coupled light from a broadband low-

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power and low-cost LED light source into a micron-scale waveguide is presented, which could be beneficial for a wide range of application that is cost-sensitive.

[1] J. M. Ramirez et al., Optics Letters 42(1), 105-108 (2017) [2] N. Koompai et al., Results in Physics 16, 102957 (2020) [3] L. Tombez et al., Optica 4 (11), 1322-1325 (2017) [4] M. S. Miller et al., “LEDs: Mid-IR LEDs emerge in environmental and health sensing markets,” laserfocusworld, 10 Jul 2017

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Abstract ID: 112 P17-04-112

Low-cost laser diode pulse generator for quantum information applications

Sitti Buathong1,3, Jirapat Janpoon1,3, Nattawut Suksawat1,3, Sarayut Deachapunya1,2,3

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, ChonBuri Province, 20131, Thailand. 2Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 3Quantum and Nano Optics Research Unit, Burapha University, ChonBuri Province, 20131, Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract A simple short-pulse generator circuit based on electronic gates is designed for short electric pulse of about 12.00 ns at Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) and 2.96 Volt amplitude for driving a laser diode. Using our circuit with a 780 nm laser diode designed and fabricated for producing short light pulses. The circuit utilizes an AND gate, a XOR gate, and a common function generator, provides a repetition rate from DC up to 1 MHz. The laser pulses were generated and then detected via an avalanche photodiodes (APD). This finding can benefit the field of light-based quantum information including single photon experiments.

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Abstract ID: 127 P17-05-127

Development of Non-invasive Alcohol Analyzer by Using Photoplethysmography

Pornnapa Sanguansri1, Nattapat Apiwong-ngam1, Supab Choopun 1

1Applied Physics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Materials Science Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Photoplethysmography (PPG) is one of the optical signals commonly used in clinical research for measuring virtual signs. In some previous studies, PPG was often used as an indicator for detecting blood volume changes in the micro-vascular. The advantages of PPG signal the mentioned in studies are; non-invasive, lower operation cost, and the simplicity of the procedure. Although some the components of the PPG signal are not fully understood, it is generally accepted that it can provide valuable information in clinical study. It is interesting for finding a relation between PPG signal and blood alcohol concentration. The objective study is to classify two groups of ten- volunteer subjects (age between 25-30): (1) group of people who consumed alcohol and (2) non-consumed alcohol, by using the differential of PPG signals in these two groups and compared the results with fuel-cell breath alcohol analyzer. A set of PPG reflection data is recorded from optical sensors including the wavelength light of the red channel and the infrared channel from the fingertip of individuals. In additional, we examined the changes of each signals to distinguish two classes of interest. The set of data is computed and analyzed to find the correlation coefficient between significant variables in statistic domain, the techniques are including (1) slope of the signals over time, (2) peak to peak of the heart rate, and (3) deep of waveform valley after rotation. In conclusion, the result of the study provides a preliminary result of discrimination between consumed and non- consumed classes. It is suggested to use PPG as an initial screening and it is suitable for a portable-measurable device. However, the result yet cannot be claimed in the evidential test.

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Abstract ID: 012 P18-01-012

Line spacing calibration by using NIMT Line Scale Interferometer System

Yuttana Hongaromkij1, Surasak Kerdkankarn1

1 Dimension Metrology Department, National Institute of Metrology (Thailand) Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract This work aimed to develop the NIMT Line Scale Interferometer System for calibration of line spacing for supporting several industries. The NIMT Line Scale Interferometer System calibrator was the assemble of both checked straightness of stage and the Laser Interferometer System. The straightness of stage sized 400 mm was checked by CERA Straight Master, Model SM- C1000-22, serial number 0500012. The measurement results of straightness in horizontal and vertical were 3 m and 4 m, respectively. Then, the finished assemble of the stage and the laser interferometer system was investigated for all systems by comparing the measurement result. The two artifacts for comparing measurement result were Working Standard Scale 300 mm trademark Mitutoyo, serial number 102906 and Reading Scale 300 mm trademark Nikon, serial number 4108. The two reference measurement values were obtained based on the 2 different types of calibrators, the Line Scale Interferometer System and the 3D CNC Vision Measuring Machine, respectively. The results of comparison measurement between the NIMT Line Scale Interferometer System and the Line Scale Interferometer System showed the maximum EN ratio at 0.89 at nominal value 90 mm and minimum EN ratio at 0.62 at nominal 180 mm. While the results of comparison measurement between the NIMT Line Scale Interferometer System and the 3D CNC Vision Measuring Machine showed maximum EN ratio at 0.39 at nominal value 120 mm and minimum EN ratio at 0.10 at nominal 280 mm. Even though the value of En ratio at maximum was relatively high value, the capability of the NIMT Line Scale Interferometer System is well enough to support various industries. Keywords: line spacing; calibrator; artifact; En ratio

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Abstract ID: 090 P18-02-090

Color measurement of yellow sapphire by UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy

Noppawan Tipkanon1, Natthapong Monarumit1, Thanapong Lhuaamporn1, Wiwat Wongkokua1

1Kasetsart University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Yellow sapphire is a gemstone variety of corundum (Al2O3). The yellow color is commonly caused by Fe3+ impurity substituting for Al3+ in the Al2O3 structure. The depth of yellow color is linked to Fe3+ concentration. The higher content of Fe3+ produces a deeper yellow color. The quantitative relationship between color and the chemistry of natural corundum has been comprehensively studied [1]. However, some chromophores are low content of the impurity such as Be2+ in cooperating with low content of Fe3+ to produce the yellow color in yellow sapphires [2]. It is difficult to differentiate between the natural yellow sapphire caused by high Fe3+ content and the beryllium-treated yellow sapphire by naked eyes. Some advanced techniques to identify the Be heat-treated yellow sapphire have been practiced such as laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). We measured the colors of natural and beryllium- treated yellow sapphires by UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy. The concentration of impurities in the sapphire samples was measured by the LA- ICP-MS technique. To compare the yellow colors of CIELch, we found that the hue values of the beryllium-treated yellow sapphires were higher than the natural yellow sapphires.

Keywords: Corundum, Natural yellow sapphire, Beryllium-treated yellow sapphire, Color measurement

[1] Dubinsky E V, Stone-Sundberg J and Emmett J L 2020 Gems & Gemol. 56 2-28

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[2] Monarumit N, Lhuaamporn T, Sakkaravej S, Wathanakul P and Wongkokua W 2020 J. Phys. Commun. 4 105018 Abstract ID: 091 P18-03-091

Luster measurement of pearl by UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy

Chutinun Salyacheewin1, Natthapong Monarumit1, Wiwat Wongkokua1

1Kasetsart University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Pearl is an organic gemstone widely popular due to its unique color and luster difference from other gems. Its chemical composition is mainly composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) more than 80 %, conchiolin 10 % to 14 % and water 2 % to 4 %. One of the factors determining the quality and price of pearl is the luster. The different lusters of pearls could be related to the different CaCO3 phases in their structures, i.e. aragonite, calcite and vaterite [1]. In 1934, Hunter developed a glossmeter to measure light specularly reflected at 45° to the surface normal. He determined six different visual criteria for measuring gloss. Luster was defined as the ratio of specularly reflected light and that diffusely reflected normal to the surface. In practice, luster may be interpreted as relative brightness of specularly and diffusely reflecting areas [2]. However, the luster measurement method is related to the flatness of the measurand. Due to the roundness of pearl, we measured the luster of pearl samples by a portable UV-Vis spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere. The luster was calculated from the difference of CIELAB lightness measured by specular included and specular excluded geometries.

Keywords:Pearl luster, Gloss measurement, UV-Vis spectroscopy, CIELAB

[1] Monarumit N, Noirawee N, Phlayrahan A, Promdee K, Won-in K and Satitkune S 2016 J. Appl. Spectrosc. 83 298-301 [2] Hanson A R 2006 Measurement Good Practice Guide No.94: Good Practice Guide for the Measurement of Gloss (Middlesex: NPL)

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Abstract ID: 069 P19-01-069

Warning system for wrong posture sitting by analyzing the tilt angle of the back and neck

Thanathit Pradabthai, Kantanat Phochanasombut, Chissanupong Saengsint, Somporn Buaprathoom

Corresponding Authors: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract Since the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the working patterns have been changed to be online platforms. People tend to spend plenty of time sitting in front of their computer. During this period, wrong postures may involuntarily and frequently occur. This causes a rising number of office syndrome and backache patients. This project therefore aimed to create a warning system for wrong posture sitting with a low-cost and highly efficient device by analyzing the tilt angle of the back and neck. It applies a microcontroller (Node MCU ESP8266) and digital motion processors (MPU6050) attached to user’s head and back to measure the change of tilt angle of neck and back, respectively. Suitable postures in this project have been set based on the health researches. The posture allows users to tilt their heads not over 30 degrees upward or downward. Users’ backs can lean backward not over 10 degrees and are not allowed to lean sideways. The system will make alarm noise when the user lean back and neck over determined values. Furthermore, the system can be operated via Wi-Fi, therefore, users will be conveniently notified by the mobile phone’s application.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 072 P19-02-072

Role of Hopper Angle on the Jamming of Granular Material under Vertical Vibration

Panupat Chaiworn1

1Chiang Mai Rajabhat University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract This study aims to experimentally investigate the role of wedge-shape hopper angle on jamming of 2D granular materials under vertical vibration. The cylindrical particles used in the experiment were made from hardwood with a smooth and dry surface. There were 350 particles which were randomly placed inside the hopper whose angles were 10 – 50 degrees and whose opening was 2 and 3 times larger than the granular material’s diameter. The granular material freely flowed and vertically vibrated with 5 values of dimensionless vibration acceleration ranged from 0.011g – 0.307g. The result illustrated that the higher the hopper opening, the higher, the hopper angle and the dimensionless vibration accelerations gave the lesser jamming ratios, jamming probability and the lesser the hopper emptying time became, and this lead to the higher mass flow rate.

Keywords: Granular materials, Jamming, Hopper, Vertical vibration

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 161 P19-03-161

A simple improvement of off-grid solar photovoltaic panel using integrated reflector

Sawitree Wongrerkdee1, Patcharawadee Kasemjit2, Sasimonton Moungsrijun2, Supphadate Sujinnapram2, Sucheewan Krobthong2, Sutthipoj Wongrerkdee2

1Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna Tak 2Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus

Abstract This work presented a simple method to improve electric-energy generation of solar photovoltaic (PV) panel using an integrated-mirror reflector. The reflector was integrated with PV panel and adjusted incline angle to optimize better sunlight collection. The PV performance was evaluated from current and voltage, which were recorded by Arduino data logger. The integrated- reflector PV panel at the appropriate incline angle of 70 degree presented the increasing ability of electric energy around up to 9.38% higher than a conventional PV panel. The result occurred because reflector gained more sunlight to the PV panel. This demonstration suggests an alternative method for increasing performance of solar PV system without an extra-PV installation, which should be beneficially considered for a low-cost management of solar PV system.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 031 P20-01-031

The Photometric Law of Distance Experimental Set Using Light Sensor Arduino for Growing Sunflower Sprouts

Maneerat Ritthakon1, Hathairat Jaroenkong1, Singha Prasitpong1 Marina Mani2

1Faculty of Education, Thaksin University 2Faculty of Science, Thaksin University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The research aims to develop the photometric law of distance experimental set using the light sensor Arduino for measuring the luminous intensity. The experimental set consists of 1) the light sensor based on the GY-302 BH1750FVI module of Arduino board displaying values in Lux unit on the LCD, 2) 12-VoltsDCpowersupply, 3) one-meter length aluminum track, and 4) manual book. It is used to measure the luminous intensity at different distances from 20 cm to 100 cm. The result revealed that there was 5.34% tolerance calibrated by Vernier’s light sensor. Moreover, the developed light sensor was applied to grow the sunflower sprouts under 3 light colors (red, green, white) conditions. It was found that the red light provided proper sprouts, which agree with customers’ satisfaction.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 019 P20-02-019

Modification of Attitude Towards Physics of High School Students by Using STEM Education Lessons on Simple Harmonic Motion

Chalongchai Teevasuthornsakul1, Puwanat Kummool

1 Burapha University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract According to the most of the low academic achievement of high school students, due to a negative attitude towards physics. The aim of this study is to provide a positive attitude in physics for high school students by the trail and development of a STEM Education lesson in simple harmonic motion. The lessons are divided into 3 parts. The first part: Instructor provides a basic knowledge of Simple Harmonic Motion to students. The second part: Students do an experiment in order to study the relationship between the oscillation period and the string length and the mass of simple pendulum. And the last part: Students using simple pendulum knowledge to design the length of the string according to the conditions of two acrobatics with different masses were swinging together and touching but without bumping into each other. The study shows that when trialing lessons with 2 groups, totaling 52 of high school students. It was found that the mean of the positive attitudes of students before the trail, which was low has increased to a large level. Moreover, when students testing the cognition of simple harmonic motions with a test with a level of difficulty similar as the Ordinary National Educational Test (O - NET), the result shows that the average of post-study score was significantly .05 higher than before and all targeted students scored more than 50% average. In conclusion, teaching physics by STEM Education lesson provided the efficient academic achievement level and also increased the positive attitude in physics toward high school students.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 024 P20-03-024

Newton’s Law of Cooling Experiment Set using Temperature Sensor Arduino

Patomporn Chanthamanee, Prangtip Jinda

Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The research aims to develop the experimental set of the temperature measurement in liquid by Arduino program. The experimental set is composed of 1) 2 liquid temperature sensors (DS18B20 model), 2) Arduino program, and 3) LED screen for showing the temperature value in unit of ℃. The experimental set developed by the researcher is measurable the liquid temperature from -55 ℃ to 125 ℃. The effective of the temperature sensor 1 and temperature sensor 2 is 1.57% and 1.51% errors respectively compared with temperature sensor of the experimental set compared with B Smart Sayence Co., Ltd. Company. Moreover, the experimental set can display the data on Smartphone via Blynk Application. The research is applied to the laboratory class on Newton’s law of cooling for finding Liquid cooling rate.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 025 P20-04-025

Activities on reflection of light based on low-cost materials at eighth grade

Aungtinee Kittiravechote1, Natsina Thinarat2

1Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University 2Program of General Science, Faculty of Education, Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10600, Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Studying science through hands-on activities within the context of teaching and learning using local environments and resources has been recognized as one of the fundamental prerequisites of school curriculum in many developing countries, including Thailand. Accordingly, we are interested in implementing such concept in designing science teaching and learning suitable for students in the middle school level in which emphasizes the participation of students in the provision of materials and equipment for scientific activities. The purpose of this study was to design the hands-on activities using low-cost materials on the topic of reflection of light at 8th grade and later to examine the results after implementation to the students. The experimental group consisted of 30 students in 8th grade, randomly selected in 1 room. The instruments used in the experiment were 2 types of achievement tests worked as pretest and posttest on the subject of (i) light reflection on a smooth surface and (ii) light reflection on a curved surface. After collection of data through pretest and posttest, statistical analysis was carried out. Our results showed that the students actively engaged in handson activities and learn light reflection knowledge and skills through interaction and discussion with classmates. We highlighted the advantage of our study for science teachers in rural schools to ensure students developing the 21st Century Skills that is essential part of STEM Education.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 055 P20-05-055

The effect of angle and length to the period of the simple pendulum

Nimit Kimpraphan1, Pinthudit Klinkajorn1; Dusit Ngamrungroj2

1Chandrakasem Rajabhat University 2King Mongkut’s University Technology North Bangkok Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The simple pendulum experiment is a basic experiment in high school and first year university physics class. In the experiment, we always use small- angle approximation to approximate that the simple pendulum will become a simple harmonic motion. This research aims to measure angle and length of the simple pendulum which the small-angle approximation can still be used. The angles of pendulum are varied from 5 to 60 degree. The lengths of pendulum are varied at 0.25 m, 0.50 m, 0.75 m and 1.00 m. The periods of the pendulum (T) are measured by using application on a mobile phone, then compare with the periods calculating from the theory (T0). We found that if T/T0 is between 0.99-1.01, the length of pendulum should longer than 0.5 meter and the angle should less than 25 degree, and if T/T0 is between 0.97- 1.03, the length of pendulum can be any value but the angle should less than 35 degree.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 080 P20-06-080

Development of pre-service teachers’ understanding about the star and constellation by using active learning method

Tawan Thongsuk1, Angkhan Intanin1

1Kalasin University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Understanding in the astronomy about the star and constellation on a real sky are misinterpretation for student. In this research, students’ understanding about the star and constellation were developed by using active learning method. Activities use in active learning was pointing the stars and constellation on a real sky. The participants were 103 pre-service teachers in general science education in the second semester of the 2020 academic year. The samples are chosen purposively. The research instruments consist of lesson plans and learning achievement tests. The results showed that learning managements was appropriate as leaning activities. It can help the students’ have clear understanding. In additional, the students can determine the position of the stars and constellation on a real sky.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 081 P20-07-081

Smartphones as detector the speed of sound: A classroom explanation and demonstration

Angkhan Intanin1, Tawan Thongsuk1

1Kalasin University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract This paper presents how smartphones determine the speed of sound (a) with a classroom explanation and demonstration to design a variety of lab instruments. Smartphone sensors such as mics and speakers were used as experimental tools by students for calculating the value of speed of sound. Mathematics is used to describe physics principles using only the mean of repetitive experimental results. After conducting an experiment with 43 students, majoring in general science, faculty of education and educational innovation, Kalasin University, the students report the value of the speed of sound nearly to theoretical values (a = sqrt[gRT] at vary room temperature ; provide by NASA) with a percentage difference of less than 2%, equipment used in everyday life in the classroom, equipment that is cheap, along with a simple calculation of speed of sound, is an advantage of this experiment.

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Abstract ID: 083 P20-08-083

Chaotic motion of a triple physical pendulum model analysis of biomechanics as arm movement using tracker

Nathaporn Suwanpayak1, Patiaphat Srisongkram1, Adirek Suriyawong2 and Monsicha Tipawanna1

1Department of General Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon Campus, Chumphon, 86160, Thailand 2Department of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon Campus,Chumphon, 86160, Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract This research aimed to present the human arm movement as badminton motion by using a triple physical pendulum model for propose of the up- down swing of human arms. Human arms have three segments, contacted together via joints; such as the three links of the rod masses of the triple physical pendulum swing when playing badminton that can use the Euler- Lagrange equation and tracker physics to analyse the system. The dynamics analysis of the system motion at 1, 2 and 3 equal 1800, the results showed chaotic oscillation motion at the end of the third rod, which was linear velocity, angular velocity, angular acceleration and the kinetic energies of the triple physical pendulum.

Keyword: triple physical pendulum; biomechanics; arm movement

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 084 P20-09-084

Students’ Understanding of the Inverse Square Law in Electrostatics

Trai Unyapoti1, Thanida Sujarittham2, Siri Sirininlakul3

1Department of Curriculum and Instruction, Faculty of Education, Srinakharinwirot University 2Department of General Science, Faculty of Education, Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University 3Department of Physics Faculty of Science Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract One problem of learning Electrostatics is that students often learn by using their common-sense beliefs about electric force and electric field. This study investigated students’ conceptual understanding of finding electric force, electric field and electric potential from a point charge after learning an introductory physics course We administered the Electrostatics Conceptual Evaluation Test to four lecture-based classes in high school. The first question was a comparison of the electric force from two point charges at two different positions and the second question was a comparison of the electric field from a point charges at two different positions. The use of the inverse square law is required to find the electric force and the electric field at a new position. It was found that many students answered incorrectly. They described that the electric force and the electric field decrease as the distance increases by neglecting the inverse square law. This finding can be particularly used to suggest high school teachers develop their effective strategy to support student learning.

Keywords: Inverse square law, Student understanding, Electrostatics

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 093 P20-10-093

Applying Helmholtz resonator to determine peed of sound

Pranee Disrattakit1, Jarupat Disrattakit1

1Mahidol Wittayanusorn School Corresponding Authors: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract Helmholtz resonance is a resonance phenomenon in a container such as an empty bottle with an open hole. A sound is produced by blowing across the top of an empty bottle and the air near the open hole and in the bottle is vibrated. The resonance frequency, f, is determined by the shape and dimension of cavity. The volume of the empty bottle is denoted as V , the cross-sectional area of the open hole or the neck of bottle is defined as S, the length of the neck is denoted as L, and the speed of sound in the air is defined as v. The resonance frequency of Helmholtz resonator is f = (v/2)π s/V L. In this work, Helmholtz resonance frequency of different bottle shapes were measured. The relation between the first harmonic resonance√ frequency and the volume reciprocal of the empty bottle was plotted. Then, the speed of sound in the air was determined from the graph. The results obtained from this study suggests that determining the speed of sound using a simple resonance experiment by blowing across empty bottle can be used as an experimental practice for secondary and undergraduate student.

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Abstract ID: 140 P20-11-140

Demonstration of light reflection for rendering realistic trees image

Tiantada Hiranyachattada1, Kampanat Kusirirat1

1Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Light in nature is known to behave following the law of reflection. Light ray hits surface with a different orientation and reflects in accordance with the rules of physics. For rendering realistic image, it is difficult to calculate the light reflection of complex foliage, such as trees, the reflection of this natural complexity needs to be adapted to particular rendering situations. In this research, we provide the demonstration to students to understand the light reflection in nature, light calculation in computer graphics and how to apply to render realistic trees. We divided the reflection into 2 types to demonstration: reflection of smooth surfaces, known as specular reflection, and reflection of rough surfaces, known as diffuse reflection. To assess the students understanding results, we assign the assessment to the students to render realistic trees, create tree models of leaves based on the tree shapes and leaf forms. Dividing the surface for normal direction of light reflection is calculated in 4 types: randomly, circle, half circle and following the bush shapes, using the specular reflection to calculate brightness. Then, apply the light reflection value to render realistic trees. When comparing the rendering results, it is found that understanding the different of diffuse reflection, specular reflection, reflection formular, reflection value and surface normal direction can make the most realistic rendering results.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 143 P20-12-143

The Hybrid Learning of using the 3D Printing and Open Approach Processes as: The Case Study in Classroom of the “Motions on Inclined Plane”

Sanansit Thongperm1, Anurak Udomvech2, Kasem Premprayool3

1Thaksin University 2Department of Fundamental Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University 3Deparment of Teaching Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Education, Thaksin University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The effort of this work is in order to exploit the utilization of the 3D printing process in physics classroom as active learning. However, only the 3D printing paradigm may not qualitatively sufficient, the Open approach paradigm has been also incorporated. Since the 3D printing process is just a method that making a physical object from the creative idea to a 3D digital model, typically by laying down many successive thin layers of a material. While the Open approach encourages by allows students can solve problems by their wisdom under supervision of teacher which behave like a trainer, facilitator, or mentor. In the classroom case study, the 3D printing procedure and the Open approach are applied at the same time for excite students to create idea and design of how to solve problem to find the appropriate solutions and products. This hybrid approach can make learners to develop various skills from their background knowledge which is incorporating newer one. The content in University Physics: “the motions on inclined plane” has been exploited as a problem’s instance. The simple random students’ group samples are 4th year students in bachelor of physics education program by 6 people. All have been tested both before and after 3D printing classroom problem-solving procedures. The result from the operations suggests that this learning process can boost students to be able to higher level learning by design and printing 3D objects. The rubric scoring method has been used to the assessment its efficiency from both pre- and post-test studies. It was shows that the student’s development is increase

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from an average level to be great. The problem-solving skills by 3D object design and the group working process are in a good level. Finally, the students’ satisfaction with the overall teaching and learning management is to be great.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 156 P20-13-156

How students understand the meaning of quantum state

Songphon Chirayangyuenyong1

1Mahidol University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Quantum physics is the subject that was found difficulties by many university students. It is interesting to know how they understand the meaning of quantum state in many aspects. In this work, we surveyed the student understanding by providing a conceptual test which consisted of open-ended and multiple choices questions. Students could interpret the meaning of quantum state by their own ideas. The sample group was 20 physics students. Moreover, an interview method was used to survey the deep detail from the students and the possible answers from expert view were collected. From the result, we found that only answers of 9 students corresponded to the answers by the experts. The others showed some difficulties about the quantum state relating to energy level and wave function. For example, the quantum state was the energy level of the system or superposition of quantum states was the wave function. These were the interesting information that might help instructors improve students understanding in the future.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Abstract ID: 162 P20-14-162

Projectile Motion: Surveying High-School Students Understanding After using Column Vector

Thorn Intraprasart1, Trai Unyapoti2

1Wattana Wittaya Academy 2Srinakharinwirot University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The objective of this study was to improve student’s understanding and problem-solving skill for high-school students in the topic of projectile motion. This work shows a new but conventional and important representation. We used the column vector to teach grade-10 students at a school in Bangkok in academic year 2020. After finishing the topic of projectile motion, the test was given to 48 students. The post-test results revealed that the former group performed better in solving problem. In addition, students who learned with column vector realized more that the situation in the problem was two dimensions.

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Abstract ID: 167 P20-15-167

The Projectile Launcher with Motion Path for Enhancing Students’ Problem-Solving Skills

Ar-si Dramae1, Sura Wuttiprom1

1 Ubon Ratchathani University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Physics experiments are taught in most schools, the tests are presented by teachers or conducted by students on a pre-prepared set of instructions due to limited time. However, in classroom experiments, it does not seem enough to develop students’ experimental and problem-solving skills. This research aims to develop students’ problem-solving skills. Passed the experiment by using a projectile launcher that shows trajectory. The students jointly built experimental tools and conducted experiments within the group. The participants were 10 grade, at Nikompattanawit school, Yala province, during the second semester of the 2020 academic year. Assessment tool for analyzing student’s experimental and problem-solving skills with projectile motion is the motion trajectory projectile launcher. Created by the students themselves Test log Problem-Solving Ability Test And the observational behavior of the students. The results of the study showed that 1) Students can create a series of projectiles showing trajectories. The experimental set is can demonstrate 3 types of projectile motion Moreover, the experimental set can be tested in a small area. The experimental equipment is small, easy to carry, able to see the path and pattern. The path of movement on the worksheet allows students to visualize and conduct experiments using a collaborative set of experiments built into the group according to the projectile principles. Experimented with objects at different angles and able to use the results of the experiments to calculate different values. Find the error and summarize the results of the experiment. 2) Students have problem-solving skills. The problem-solving development was at a High gain in the range of 0.72 - 0.92 overall behavior of students throughout the learning was active learning.

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Abstract ID: 033 P21-01-033

Dual fluid for Kerr-Newman black hole

Thepprasith Svetatula1

1Chulalongkorn University Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract The AdS/CFT correspondence is a relationship between a quantum gravity theory on d+1 dimensional Anti-de-Sitter (AdS) space-time (or bulk) and conformal field theory (CFT) which is the quantum field theory on d- dimensional space-time (or boundary). It was proposed by Juan Maldacena in 1997. This duality is very useful because it enables us to convert the problem in field theory to string theory problem and vice versa, therefore, we can choose the easier side of the problem to find the solution if the problem can’t be solved by the traditional method. The Fluid/Gravity correspondence is the long wavelength regime of AdS/CFT duality where the microscopic mean free path of the system is much less than the scale of variation. It was invoked in 2005 by Đàm Thanh Sơn and his collaborator. By applying the AdS/CFT correspondence to the system of quark-gluon plasma, they were able to describe the behavior of quark-gluon plasma and discovered the ratio of two related quantities in two different dynamical systems, the shear viscosity of the quark-gluon plasma and the entropy density of the dual black hole. Furthermore, this conjecture was also confirmed by the experiment at Heavy-ion collider in 2008. The Fluid/Gravity correspondence is an interesting topic because it is very well known that the Navier-Stokes equation can describe behaviors of a non- relativistic incompressible fluid. However, we still lack in the understanding of relativistic fluid and some phenomenon such as turbulence; therefore, the study of fluid/gravity duality might lead us to a new perspective of physics that is undiscovered yet.

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

SIAM PHYSICS CONGRESS 2021

MAY 24-25, 2021

Organized by Thai Physics Society and Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand

Conference Organization Committee Advisory Committee

President of Prince of Songkla University The President of Thai Physics Society The Dean of Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University

Organizing Committee Prince of Songkla University:

The Dean of Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Education, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University Head of Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University Head of Secretary and Finance Committee Head of Scientific Committee Head of Bachelor Independent Project Competition Committee Head of Registration, Ceremony and Reception Committee

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Head of Audio Visual Aid and Facilities Committee Head of Public Relations, Evaluation and Emergency Committee Head of Food, Beverage and Catering Committee Head of Sponsorship and Fundraising Committee

Thai Physics Society:

The President of Thai Physics Society Sukit Limpijumnong Jiraroj T-Thienprasert Tanakorn Osotchan Ratchana Chinpitak SUparerk Aukkaravittayapun Chaiyapong Ruangsuwan Siramas Komonjinda Sirichok Jungthawan Supab Choopun Thiranee Khumlumlert Yongyut Laosiritaworn Chaloemchon Wannathong Saran Poshyachinda Phichet Kittara Dheerawan Boonyawan Sojiphong Chatraphorn Kajornyod Yoodee Prasong Kessaratikoon Jarin Kanchanawarin Sarawut Thountom

Secretary and Finance Committee:

Suttida Rakkapao Ratchaneewan Siri Wanida Sumathakulawat Vitchutda Suknui Nattaya Kanhajaroenpong

Scientific Committee:

Chittanon Buranachai Naragorn Kaewkao Boonyarit Chatthong Komrit Wattanavatee Pruet Kalasuwan Praopim Limsakul Teparksorn Pengpan Wanicbut Wattanamatiphot Chatchai putson Natjadee Dorloh Yutthana Tirawanichakul Isarapab Chumruksa Panote Thavarungkul Panumas Onmark

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Nantakan Muensit Paphavee van Dommelen Sawasdee Yordkayhun Chalongrat Daengngam Suttida Rakkapao Helmut Josef Duerrast

Bachelor Independent Project Competition Committee:

Jarin Kanchanawarin Sirichok Jungthawan Dheerawan Boonyawan Chittanon Buranachai Sojiphong Chatraphong Kritsanu Tivakornsasithorn

Registration, Ceremony and Reception Committee:

Chatchai Putson Chayanon Prommoon Boonyarit Chatthong Wanchai Wanno Suttida Rakkapao Athasit Rongsawad Sureerat Homhuan Teerayut Malakul Praopim Limsakul Tanawat Thiangtrong Radchagrit Supakulopas Chanya Intakarn Wantapon Ngamdee Wanicbut Wattanamatiphot Ratchaneewan Siri Panumas Onmark Vitchutda Suknui Isarapab Chumruksa Nutchanat Suchatpong Sunisa Meesen Wissarut Puaypung Tom Hendrik Freimuth Jittima Phosena Anna Chatthong

Audio Visual Aid and Facilities Committee:

Komrit Wattanavatee Adisorn Vangpreecha Kamhaeng Wattanasen Suksawat Sirijarukul Krisada Rawiraswattana Santi Buaking Wantapon Ngamdee Tanawat Thangtrong Wissarut Puaypung Praphun Intachai Nutchanat Suchatpong Chalam Prompat Khampanart Phannarai Athasit Rongsawad

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Siam Physics Congress SPC2021 Physics for innovation and creative society, 24-25 May 2021

Jumras Nasuwan Thunyarode Insuvanno

Public Relations, Evaluation and Emergency Committee:

Boonyarit Chatthong Isarapab Chumruksa Wissarut Puaypung Panumas Onmark Vitchutda Suknui Wanicbut Wattanamatiphot Chanya Intakarn

Sponsorship and Fundraising Committee:

Paphavee van Dommelen Yutthana Tirawanichakul Chalongrat Daengngam Pruet Kalasuwan Vitchutda Suknui

Food, Beverage and Catering Committee

Wanida Sumathakulawat Komrit Wattanavatee Wissarut Puaypung Nutchanat Suchatpong Vitchutda Suknui Ratchaneewan Siri Varaporn Karansanti Supranee Samnakpong

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