Supported by Opening remark of the SPC 2021 By the President of the Thai Physics Society Honorary guests, participants, ladies and gentlemen, This year, we have accepted about 184 registrations from participants to join our full on-line meeting. There are 25 invited speakers, 76 oral presentations and 83 poster presentations in 21 specialized fields in Physics. I would like to express my sincerely thanks to our co-host institute, Prince of Songkla University for their hard work and well preparation to neaten the SPC 2021. The advancement in Physics both pure and applied Physics for the 21st century has enhanced the roles of Physics in advancing the new knowledge, new discoveries, new applications and innovations to various business sectors and industries. Physicists have made the first detection of neutrinos that can be traced to carbon-nitrogen-oxygen fusions inside the sun or as we know well as the CNO-cycle. There are several sites of the neutrinos detectors in the world that contribute such an important discovery in Physics and one of the important site for the neutrino experiments using the Kamiokande detector and its successor, Super-Kamiokande at the Institute for Cosmic Radiation Research in Japan. This year, at the SPC 2021, it is our great honor and pride to have Professor Takaaki Kajita, who was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2015 on the neutrino experiments as our keynote speaker today. On behalf of the organizing committee, we feel deeply appreciate to Professor Takaaki Kajita for your kind acceptance to our invitation. And, last but not least, I would like to thank all our cooperative institutes and sponsors for making the SPC 2021 possible today and your continuous support would be a stronghold in strengthening and keeping sustainability of our Physics community in the future. Now, it’s time for me to declare the Siam Physics Congress 2021 open. Thank you. Professor Boonrucksar Soonthornthum The President of the Thai Physics Society (May 24th,2021) Conference report by the dean of the Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University In 2020 the Siam Physics Congress was successfully conducted with the mutual agreement between the Thai Physics Society and Mahidol University. This year, the Thai Physics Society and Prince of Songkla University, are organizing the SPC 2021. The conference aims to provide a general forum for enhancing interdisciplinary interactions, dialogues and collaborations among students, researchers, faculty members and government representatives as well as practitioners from universities, and industries. This conference provides developmental networking opportunities with the aim to integrate and apply physics in teaching and in developing countries. We genuinely appreciate the efforts of our plenary speaker: The 2015 Nobel Laureate in Physics, Professor Takaaki Kajita from the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, in Japan with a talk on his expertise in neutrinos and gravitational waves. There are more than 20 invited speakers from around the globe sharing their expertise. Thank you for being here. Today we count more than 270 participants and more than 180 presentations on a total of 21 topics covering the full spectrum of physics while connecting scientists from Australia, Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand. Despite the COVID-19 restrictions that every nation faces we successfully arranged the SPC 2021 and made it to bring all of you together here. On the bright side, this pandemic opens the opportunity for us to broadcast this opening ceremony as well as the plenary talk and a special session on the future Thailand Tokamak I (TT1) live on our official social media channels and therefore spreading the vision of SPC out to the world. We combine various areas of Physics and its applications to excel and make contributions to the sustainable development of nations via science, technology, and innovation. On behalf of the Faculty of Science, I am thankful for the gratitude of all sponsors at this conference. Finally, as the representative organizer of the 16th Siam Physics Congress, I hope that the event will allow us to jointly share our expertise in areas of mutual interests as well as lead us not only to long-lasting relations but also to keep abreast of the needs of our region and worldwide. Thank you. Associate Professor Dr. Anchana Prathep Dean of the Faculty of Science Prince of Songkla University (May 24th,2021) PLENARY SPEAKER Exploring the Universe with neutrinos and gravitational waves Professor Takaaki Kajita Nobel Prize 2015 Nobel Laureate in Physics "for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass." Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan INVITED SPEAKERS Invited -01 "Unique View through the Window of Radio Astronomy with Very Long Baseline Interferometry" National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Organization) Dr. Koichiro Sugiyama Invited -02 "Composite inflaton in the Nambu- Jona-Lasio model" School of Science, Walailak University Research Group in Applied, Computational and Theoretical Science (ACTS), Walailak University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Phongpichit Channuie Invited -03 "SPS-II: Thai 3GeV machine for the future" Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization) Dr. Thapakron Pulampong Invited -04 "AdS/CFT Holography from Gauged Supergravities" String Theory and Supergravity Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Professor Parinya Karndumri Invited -05 "Radioactivity in Thai Rice and Medicinal Plants" Faculty of Science, Thaksin University Assistant Professor Prasong Kessaratikoon Invited -06 "Study of Impurity Transport in the SOL and Divertor Regions based on Extended Five-Point Model" Department of Physics, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Assistant Professor Apiwat Wisitsorasak Invited -07 "Ion Acceleration in Driven Magnetic Reconnection During High-energy– density Plasma Interaction" Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Dr. Peera Pongkitiwanichakul Invited -08 "Future of atomic clock towards the redefinition of the Second" National Institute of Metrology (Thailand) Dr. Piyaphat Phoonthong Invited -09 "Single Photon Emission from Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond" Suranaree University of Technology Dr. Sorawis Sangtawesin Invited -10 "Multidisciplinary Research on Bacterial Protein Toxins: Upstream toward Downstream Innovative Applications" Bacterial Toxin Research Innovation Cluster (BRIC), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University Professor Chanan Angsuthanasombat Invited -11 "In Search for Room-Temperature Superconductors under Pressure" Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Associate Professor Udomsilp Pinsook Invited -12 "Synchrotron-based spectromicroscopic analysis of diamond-like carbon films" Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand Dr. Sarayut Tunmee Invited -13 "Rotary Magnetic Refrigeration Prototype: Initiative Research and Prototype Development in Thailand" Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University Assoc. Prof. Ratchatee Techapiesancharoenkij Invited -14 "Flexible thermoelectric Device: From materials to applications" Department of Physics and Electronic and Optoelectronic Device Research Unit, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Associate Professor Aparporn Sakulkalavek Invited -15 "Synchrotron X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (SXAS): An Advanced Characterization Tool for Nano-scaled Materials and Physics" School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Research Network of NANOTEC- VISTEC on Nanotechnology for Energy, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Professor Ruttikorn Yimnirun Invited -16 "Novel Perovskite Processes for Solar Cells and LEDs" School of Materials Science and Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Assistant Professor Pongsakorn Kanjanaboos Invited -17 "What controls oxygen isotopes in stalagmites? Answers from a daily resolved precipitation record from peninsular Thailand" Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University Professor Ludvig Löwemark Invited -18 " Fukushima: Plan to Dump Treated Radioactive Water into Pacific Ocean; 'What We Should Know' " Nuclear Society of Thailand Dr. Usa Kullaprawithaya Invited -19 "NARIT Center for Optics and Photonics activities and development plan" National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Organization) Dr. Christophe Buisset Invited -20 "NIMT researches on quantum-based measurement standards laying foundation for new metrological traceability in Thailand" Electrical Metrology Department, National Institute of Metrology Dr. Sivinee Sawatdiaree Invited -21 "Development of Optical Coherence Tomography as Innovative Tools for Biomedical Research and Applications in Thailand" School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology Associate Professor Panomsak Meemon Invited -22 "Implications of half a century of research on alternative conceptions/misconceptions for physics education" School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Professor Manjula Devi Sharma Invited -23 "Student Eye Tracking Study in Interpretation of Simple Harmonic Motions" Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Thailand Associate Professor Pornrat Wattanakasiwich