A Maior Parte Das Jazidas Onde Foram Encontrados Vestígios De

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A Maior Parte Das Jazidas Onde Foram Encontrados Vestígios De 44 E. G. Crespo Dinossauros do Jurássico Médio e Superior português A maior parte das jazidas onde foram encontrados vestígios de Dinossauros estão localizadas na orla Meso-Cenozóico portuguesa, entre Aveiro e Sesimbra, muitas delas em arribas litorais da costa atlântica (fig.21). Vestígios de um pressuposto Saurópode Diplodocídeo, inicialmente identificado como Apatosaurus alenquerensis Lapparent & Zbyszewski, 1957, são referidos do Jurássico Superior de Alenquer, Foz do Arelho, S. Bernardino (peniche), Alcobaça, Praia da Areia Branca (Peniche), Porto das Barcas (Lourinhã), Salir de Matos (Caldas da Rainha), Óbidos, Torres Vedras, Ourém e Castanheira (Lapparent & Zbyszewski 1957). Reexaminando este material Dantas et ai (1998) consideram contudo .que este não corresponde a Apatosaurus Marsh, 1877 nem a Camarasarus Cope, 1877, como fôra depois interpretado por McIntosh (McIntosh 1990; Hunt et ai 1996 e Wilson & Sereno 1998), mas que corresponderia a um . novo género, Lourinhasaurus e, como tal, propuseram uma nova combi­ nação para o designar, Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis (Lapparent & Zbyszewski em 1957) tomando por holótipo o mesmo que fora proposto por Lapparent & Zbyszewski em 1957. Paleo-herpetofauna de Portugal 45 Nesta nova espécie Dantas et ai (1998) incluiram também um espécimen descoberto em 1987 no Jurássico Superior (Kimeridgiano) de Porto Dinheiro (Lourinhã) cujo achado foi depois e preliminarmente anunciado por Dantas et ai (1992b). Mais recentemente, Bonaparte & Mateus (1999) embora conside­ rando que, baseada no holótipo descrito por Lapparent & Zbyszewski (1957), a designação do novo género e espécie fôra correcta, englo­ bando eventualmente muitos dos vestígios inicialmente atribuidos a Apatosaurus aienquerensis, era contudo muito duvidosa a inclusão neste taxa do esqueleto incompleto que tinha sido encontrado em Porto Dinheiro e que se encontra depositado no Museu da Lourinhã. Argumentam que os vestígios disponíveis não permitem fazer comparações fiáveis entre os diferentes espécimens que foram encontrados. Enquanto que no exemplar de Porto Dinheiro se dispõe de vértebras dorsais e cervicais (mas não de restos apendiculares ou das cinturas pélvicas e escapulares), no restante material identificado como Lourinhasaurus, pelo contrário, embora 'existam peças apendiculares e das cinturas, não existem todavia quaisquer vestígios de vértebras. Assim sendo, e embora admitindo que estudos posteriores possam vir a revelar que todo este material pertence na realidade a uma única espécie, propuseram um novo género e espécie pata o exemplar de Porto Dinheiro - Dinheirosaurus iourinhanensis Bonaparte & Mateus, 1999. Os Apatosaurus (fig. 22), tal como os Camarasaurus e Dipiodocus, e presume-se que também LourinhasauruslDinheirosaurus, eram gigantescos quadrúpedes herbívoros, com mais de 20 metros de com­ primento e 20 toneladas de peso, de cauda muito longa e pescoço comprido, onde culminava uma pequena cabeça. Viveriam em manadas, em áreas baixas e planas. 46 E. G. Crespo FIG. 22 -Apatosaurus sp. (baseado em Norman 1985) Um outro Saurópode, do grupo dos Brachiossaurideos, Brachiosaurus atalaiensis Lapparent & Zbyszewski, 1957 é mencionado do Jurássico Superior de Atalaia (Lourinhã), Ourém, Praia da Areia Branca, Ribamar, Maceira, Alcobaça, Porto Novo, Cambelastrorres Vedras e da praia de Almoinhas (Lapparent & Zbyszewski 1957). Os Brachiosaurus (fig.23) eram também gigantescos quadrúpedes herbívoros com 25-30 metros de comprimento e cerca de 60170 toneladas de peso, elevando a cabeça a perto de 12 metros do nível do solo. Tinham os membros anteriores mais compridos do que os posteriores, assumindo, portanto, uma postura que lembra a dos actuais girafídeos. FIG. 23 - Brachiosaurus sp. (baseado em Norman 1992) Refira-se contudo que a ocorrência de Brachiosaurus no Jurássico Superior português carece ainda de uma mais cabal confirmação .(McIntosh 1990b; Wilson & Sereno 1998; Dantas et ai 1999). O material recolhido Paleo-herpetofauna de Portugal 47 no nosso território parece pertencer efecti vamente a Brachiosauridae mas não permite ser identificado com segurança como correspondendo a Brachiosaurus. Outros Saurópodes, Brachiosauridae, de dimensões mais modestas, foram igualmente referidos do Jurássico português, mas o seu reconheci­ mento veio a revelar-se errado ou muito duvidoso. São os casos de Astrodon pusillus Lapparent & Zbyszewski, 1957, do Jurássico Superior de Atalaia (Lourinhã), da Praia da Areia Branca e do Casal da Pedreira, de Pelorosaurus humerocristatus Hulke, 1874 do Jurássico Superior de Ourém e Alcobaça (Lapparent & Zbyszewski 1957; Carvalho 1989) e de Bothriospondylus sp., do Jurássico Superior da GuimarotalLeiria (Thulbom, 1973). Os restos originalmente atribuidos ao pequeno Saurópode Astrodon pusillus foram posteriormente reconhecidos como pertencendo a indi­ víduos jovens do Estegossauro Dacentrurus (Galton 1981 , 1991). Quanto a Pelorosaurus é considerado um táxone Saurópode muito duvidoso (Norman 1985, 1997). A descrição deste género (P. conybeari) foi feita a partir de um húmero moderadamente grande, encontrado no Wealden (Cretácico Inferior) de Inglaterra. Para Norman (1997) na ausência de quaisquer restos associados de esqueleto, apenas se poderá dizer que se trata de um Brachiossaurídeo. O mesmo acontece com os restos atribuidos a Bothriospondylus, género descrito de Madagascar a partir apenas de uma única vértebra (Norman 1985), cuja presença no nosso país é extremamente duvidosa. No que respeita aos Terópodes, restos de um grande Dinos­ sauro, identificado como Megalosaurus insignis Deslonchamps & Lennier, 1870, foram encontrados no Jurássico Superior de Salir do Porto, Foz do Arelho, Atalaia (Lourinhã), Colmeias, Ourém, Peniche e na Praia da Areia Branca. Uma outra espécie congénere, M .pombali Lapparent & Zbyszewski, 1957, viveria na mesma época em Pombal, Ribamar, Porto das Barcas (Lourinhã), Torrinha (Batalha) e Albergaria (Lapparent & Zbyszewski 1957). 48 E. G. Crespo Estes Megalosaurus (fig.24) eram grandes carnívoros bípedes, de enorme cabeça, com cerca de 9 metros de comprimento Fig.24 - Megalosaurus sp. (baseado em Dixon 1991 ) Dado que se trata de identificações já antigas e deste género ter limites pouco definidos, justifica-se uma revisão do material então estudado a fim de se confirmarem os estatutos taxonómicos que lhes foram atribui dos (ver MoInar 1990 e MoInar et aI 1990). O género Megalosaurus é hoje considerado por muitos autores como um táxone parafilético. Será portan­ to mais prudente considerarem-se os vestígios portugueses atribui dos a estas duas espécies como pertencendo simplesmente a Theropoda indeterminados. No Jurássico Superior (Kimeridgiano Superiorffitoniano/ unidade do Sobral) da localidade de Peralta (Lourinhã) foi há poucos anos descoberto um Dinossauro Terópode, Allossauróide, Lourinhanosaurus antunesi Mateus, 1998 (esqueleto parcial jazendo sob o lado direito­ parte do esqueleto axial, cintura pélvica e parte dos membros inferio-res) (fig.25). Como curiosidade é de assinalar que na sua caixa toráxica foram encontrados 32 gastrólitos. Estes restos estão depositados no Museu da Lourinhã. Segundo o autor (Mateus 1998), este Dinossauro será mais primitivo que os Allossaurídeos, sendo, possivelmente, um Sinraptorídeo. A confirmar-se esta suposição seria o primeiro e único Dinossauro deste grupo conhecido na Europa. Paleo-herpetofauna de Portugal 49 Do Jurássico Superior da povoação de Andrés, nos arredores de Pombal, foi igualmente descoberto restos de um Terópode identificados como pertencendo ao conhecido Allosaurusfragilis Marsh, 1977 (fig.26) da América do Norte. Esta foi a primeira referência à existência desta espécie fora daquele continente, tomando-se mesmo a única espécie de Dinossauro conhecida em dois continentes. Trata-se de um bípede de grande porte que podia atingir cerca de 12 metros de comprimento e pesar cerca de 2 toneladas. FIG. 26 - Allosaurus fragilis (baseado em Norman 1985) Do ponto de vista paleogeográfico esta descoberta de A.Jragilis em Portugal parece demonstrar que no Jurássico Superior, há portanto cerca de 140-150 M.a B.P., ainda existiriam ligações entre a América do Norte e a Europa, o que põe em dúvida que o Atlântico Norte já estivesse nessa altura completamente aberto como geral­ mente se admitia. A presença de Camptosaurus no Jurássico Superior de Inglaterra e da América do Norte já tinha aliás levado Galton a sugerir a possível existência, durante o Jurássico Superior, de ligação entre os dois continentes (Pérez-Moreno et ai 1999). Globalmente as faunas jurássicas portuguesas e norte-americanas (Formação de Morrison) de Dinossauros parecem ser efectivamente bastante semelhantes. 50 E. G. Crespo Segundo Peréz-Moreno et aI (1999) este facto pode estar também relacionado com a importante regressão do Titoniano que poderia ter dado origem à formação de mares epicontinentais que teriam possibilitado a ocorrência de episódicos intercâm• bios faunísticos. Um outro Terópode (fémur direito e a tíbia esquerda) foi também encontrado, muito recentemente, no Jurássico Superior (Kimeridgiano// unidade da Praia de Amoreira-Porto Novo/ formação das "camadas de Alcobaça") de Rodela do VaI mi tão (Lourinhã), Ceratosaurus sp. (Mateus & Antunes 2000 ). Trata-se de um Dinossauro do grupo dos Ceratosauria (grupo que inclui os Terópodes mais primitivos), da fanulia Ceratosauridae, caracteri­ zado pela presença de um pequeno "como" na extremidade do focinho (fig.27). No dorso destes Dinossauros era evidente uma fiada de placas ósseas formando
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