Nagzira Wildlife Sanctuary

Introduction Wildlife traditionally refers to non-domesticated animal species, but has come to include all plants, fungi and other organisms which grow or live wild in an area without being introduced by humans. Domesticating wild plant and animal species for human benefit has occurred many times all over the planet, and has a major impact on the environment, both positive and negative. Wildlife can be found in all ecosystems. Deserts, forests, rain forests, plains, grasslands, and other areas including the most developed urban sites, all have distinct forms of wildlife. While the term in popular culture usually refers to animals that are untouched by human factors, most scientists agree that wildlife around is affected by human activities. Humans have historically tended to separate civilization from wildlife in a number of ways including the legal, social, and moral sense. Some animals, however, have adapted to suburban environments. This includes such animals as domesticated cats, dogs, mice, and gerbils. Religions have often declared certain animals to be sacred, and in modern times concern for the natural environment has provoked activists to protest the exploitation of wildlife for human benefit or entertainment. Food, pets, and traditional medicines Anthropologists believe that the Stone Age people and hunter-gatherers relied on wildlife, both plants and animals, for their food. In fact, some species may have been hunted to extinction by early human hunters. Today, hunting, fishing, and gathering wildlife is still a significant food source in some parts of the world. In other areas, hunting and non-commercial fishing are mainly seen as a sport or recreation, with the edible meat as mostly a side benefit of it. In November 2008, almost 900 plucked and "oven-ready" owls and other protected wildlife species were confiscated by the Department of Wildlife and National Parks in Malaysia, according to TRAFFIC. The animals were believed to be bound for China, to be sold in wild meat restaurants. Most are listed in CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) which prohibits or restricts such trade. “Malaysia is home to a vast array of amazing wildlife. However, illegal hunting and trade poses a threat to Malaysia’s natural diversity.” —Chris S. Shepherd Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 is a landmark in the protection of wildlife in India especially after the Second World War when the struggle for freedom started taking its shape and the wildlife was ignored to sustain at its own. risks. 0 The Indian Board of Wildlife (lBWL) was constituted in the year 1952 after the independence which took the task of preserving the natural wildlife habitats and saving the animals from probable extinction. Based on recommendations of IBWL, the Wildlife Protection Act was passed in Parliament in 1972. The act is adopted ,by all state except Jammu and Kashmir, which has its own act. This act provides special legal protection to wildlife in general and to the endangered fauna in particular. It has a provision for setting up of National Parks and Sanctuaries where our wildlife can receive protection. 0 The Act is also dealing with hunting of animals, authorities to be appointed under the act, declaration of Sanctuaries, National Parks, Nature Reserves and closed areas, regulation of trade in wild animals, animal products and trophies, and detection and prevention of offences. 0 There are seven chapters under this act which are further divided into sections and schedules. 1. Prohibition of Hunting: Hunting of wild life animals is strictly prohibited under this act but can be permitted in certain cases such as when the animal become dangerous to human life or is as disabled or diseased as to be beyond recovery. Prohibition of picking, uprooting specified plants: No person is allowed to willfully pick, uproot, damage, acquire or collect any specified plant from an area specified and preserved by the Government for wildlife. Again, special permissions can be granted by the Chief Wildlife Warden for the purpose of education, scientific research etc. v Some more features of this rule are: No person can deal and continue business in the trade of specified plant without a valid license issued by the Chief Wildlife Warden. o No person can purchase or acquire any specified plant from an unauthorized dealer. Every specified plant will be the property of state government on whose territory the plant is falling. 3. Sanctuaries, National Parks and Closed Areas; Any area with adequate ecological, faunal, floral, natural or zoological significance can be declared as sanctuary by the state government to develop wildlife or its environment. No person is allowed to enter and reside in the sanctuary except in condition of a permit granted. No person is allowed to tease or molest any wild animal otherwise will be booked under IPC act. Recognition of Zoos: The Central Zoo Authority, constituted by the central government, will specify the minimum standards for housing, upkeep and care of the animals kept in the zoo. Wild Life Protection Act 1984 An act for the Purpose of acquiring land for Wild life sanctuary or rights in or over such land under the section of the Conservation and Land Management Act 1984 with the objective of management of nature reserve an agreement is made under section 16 of the Act. Where any fauna or flora is taken in any part the State where the fauna or flora is protected, the fauna or flora shall continue to be protected notwithstanding that it may have been removed from that part of the State to another part where the same species, class or description of fauna or flora is not protected. The minister may by notice declare any animal or any class of animal specified in the notice to be fauna for the purposes of this Act either generally or in relation to the time and place specified in the notice, and the animal or class of animal so specified shall be fauna for the purpose of this act either generally or in relation to the time and place specified in terms of the notice. INTRODUCTORY STUDY OF NATIONAL PARKS AND SANCTUARIES Tadoba National Park, Clmndrapur. Location: Tadoba national Park (116.55 Sq. Kins.) - Andhari wildlife sanctuary (508.85 Sq. Kms.) loge her form the 'l'adoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve (625.40 Sq. Kms.) The National Park derives its name from the local tribal God "Taro", whereas the Andhari river flowing through the forests gives the Sanctuary, its name. Biodiversity: Flora: The land vegetation is typical tropical dry deciduous type having teak as dominant species. Some. of the major trcc species found within the protected area are teak, ain, arjun, behada, bija, bhera, bor, cliichwa, dhawada, kusum, mahua, mowai, phetra, rohan, salai, semal, shisham, sisoo, shivan, surya, sirus, tendu. Fauna: Although the major attraction is the Tiger, the large herds of chital, the stately sambar, the elusive barking deer, the fleet footed chausinga, the majestic gaur, the robust nilgai, the shy sloth bear, the whistling wild dogs, the omnipresent wild boar, and the stealthy leopard make lasting impressions on the visitors to this reserve. 0 As the night falls the small Indian civet, the palm civet, the ratel, the flying squirrel make their presence felt. Hyenas, wild boars, spotted deer, barking deer, gaurs, blue bulls, four horned antelopes, Indian pangolins, porcupines and‗ common languor‘s are main wild animals found in this ‗national park. Tadoba Andhari reserve is the largest national park in Maharashtra. Total area of the reserve is 625.4 square kilometers (241.5 sq mi). Tadoba National Park created in 1955 with an area of 116.55 Square kilometers (45.00 sq mi) and Andhari Wildlife Sanctuary created in 1986 with an area of 508.85 square kilometers (196.47 sq mi). 0 The reserve also includes 32.51 square kilometers (12.55 sq mi) Protected Forest and 14.93 square kilometers (5.76 sq mi) 'Other areas'. Densely forested hills form the northern and wester‘n boundary of the Tiger Reserve. The elevation ofthe hills ranges from 200 m (660 ft) to350 m (1,150 ft). To the southwest is the 120 ha (300 acres) Tadoba Lake which acts as a buffer between the park's forest and the extensive farmland which extends up to Irai water reservoir. This lake is a perennial water source which offers good habitat for crocodiles to thrive. Other wetland areas within the reserve include the Kolsa Lake and Andhari River. Kanha National Park It is a national park and a Tiger Reserve in the Mandla and Balaghat districts of Madhya Pradesh, India. 0 In the 19305, Kanha area was divided into two sanctuaries, Hallon and Banjar, of 250 and 300 kmz. o Kanha National Park was created on 1 June 1955. Today it stretches over an area of 940 km2 in the two districts Mandla and Balaghat. Together with a surrounding buffer zone of 1,067 km2 and the neighboring 110 10112 Phen Sanctuary it forms the Kanha Tiger Reserve. This makes it the largest National Park in Central India. 0 The park has a significant population of Royal Bengal Tiger, leopards, the sloth bear, barasingha and Indian wild dog. The lush sal and bamboo forests, grassy meadows and ravines of Kanha provided inspiration to Rudyard Kipling for his famous novel "Jungle Book Flora: Kanha National Park is home to over 1000 Species of flowering plants. The lowland forest is a mixture of (Shorea robusta) ―and other mixed forest trees, interspersed with meadows. o The highland forests are tropical moist dry deciduous type and of a completely different nature with bamboo on slopes (Dendrocalamus striczus).

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