Taxonomic Studies of the Rotifera (Phylum Aschelminthes) from a Central Amazonian Varzealake, Lago Camaleão (Ilha De Marchantaria, Rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil)

AMAZONIANA uII 2 225 -254 Kiel, Dezember 1983

Taxonomic studies of the Rotifera (Phylum Aschelminthes) from a Central Amazonian varzealake, Lago Camaleão (Ilha de Marchantaria, Rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil)

Walter Koste* and Barbara Robertson**

* Ludwig-Brill-Straße 5, Quakenbrück, F.R.G. ** Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus-Amazonas, Brasil

Abstract Four seriejs of plankton samples collected 1981 in Lago Camaleão, Central Amazo- nia, a lake with fluctuating water levels, were investigated for rotifers. 148 species were identified. The number of rotifers increases with the rising water. In February 33 and in Jrfy 138 taxa were found. Several identifications by former authors were revised (Brachi' onusurceoløris ømazonicu n. ssp., Keratella nhamunda nov. nom.,Iecane øspasin aïazo- ricø n. ssp.). New records for the Amazon region include Lecøne stichaeoides, Mytilinø unguipes, Testudinella greeni, Testudinella patina dendradena Three new rotifers are described: Cephalodella pøggia n. sp.,Lecane (Monostyla) marchantaria and Lepadelln minoruoides t sp.

Keywords: Rotifers, Amazonian Region, taxonomical studies, new records.

0065-6755 I 1983 I 225 I @ MPI fiir Limnologie, AG Tropenökologie, Plön; INPA, Manaus

225 Contents

1. Introduction 226 Þ5 2. Description of study area . . . . . 226 3. Material, methods a¡rd abbreviations 228 r\lt. 4. List of rotifers from Lago Camaleão 229 MANAUS 4.1. Interpretation of rotifer species list 230 5. New species, subspecies, and distribution records 231 0 /'--,\1- 5.1. Brachionus urceolaris amazonica n. ssp. . 23t l. de Careiro 5.2. Cephalodella paggia n. sp. . . . 231 ) 5.3. Kerøtella nhamunda nov. nom. 232 232 q 5.4. Lecane (s. str.) amflzoniona nov. nom. rQ 5.5. Lecane (s. str.) aspasia amazonica n. ssp. 233 ôq 5.6. Lecane (Monostyla) marchantaria n. sp. 233 do cd 5.7. Lecane (s. str.) stichaeoides IIAUER 1938 234 7a â reiro 5.8. Lepadella (L.) minoruordes n. sp. 235 U 4 5.9. Manfredium eudactylorøn (GOSSE, 1851) . . 235 5.10. Mytilina trigona (GOSSE, 1851) 236 5.L1. Mytilina unguipes (LUCKS, l9l2) . 236 5.12. Testudinella greeni KOSTE 1981 236 5o t--.+_t 5.13. Tesndinella patiru dendradena (DE BEAUCHAMP, 1955) 236 0 5 10km 5.14. Trochosphaera aequatorialis SEMPER 1872 . . 237 6. Summary 238 Resumo .. .. 238 8. Acknowledgements 238 Ilha de Marchantaria \---_ 9. Literature 239 tl I l'. ( rl ( 1. Introduction

Four series of plankton samples were collected in Lago Camaleão, an Amazonian varzealake,in 1981. The rich rotifer fauna found in these samples provided an opportunity to complete the observations of other authors and revise some current taxonomical prob- lems. 148 species of rotifers were identifìed and among these are new records for the Neo- tropics, new subspecies and new species. Unfortunately, due to the artefacts of fixation, it ,tq" was impossible to identify the Bdelloidea and soft-skinned Monogononta. Further studies tot' of the living rotifers will not only rectify this problem, but also contribute to our know- o ledge of the Amazonian rotifer fauna. çeq9)

2. Description of study area

Lago Camaleão, an elongated, narrow lake (6.5 km long, 300 - 500 m wide) is located on the 0 1 2 3 km Marchantaria Island (Ilha de Marchantaria, or llha dos Mouras). (Lago Camaleão is sometimes ¡efered to as Lago de Marchantaria although thele are other lakes on the island).

Map 1: Lago Camaleão on the Ilha de Marchantaria (Ilha dos Mouras)

226 227 Ilha de Marchantaria is situated in fhe varzea region of the Solimões-Amazonas River system, 4. List of rotifers from Lago Camaleão, Ilha de Marchantaria about 15 km above the mouth of the Rio Negro (60 " 00'N, 3 " 15'S) (Map 1). Lago Camaleão is sub- (February, and jected to significant fluctuations in water level. The lowest water levels occur between October and April July, 1981) December and the highest between April and August. In l98l the difference between the highest and lowest water levels was 9.61 meters. Taxon Feb. April July Taxon Feb. April July . During the dry season, with the exception of a few pools, Lago Camaleão dries up. At this time samples 1-6 7-10 ll-22 samples l-6 't-L0 tI-22 the lake basin is covered by terrestrial and semi-aquaticvegetation. During the rising water period, water l. Anuraeopsis navicula h 2. Ascomorpha ecaudis S enters the lake by means of a canal located on the east end of the island flooding the terrestrial vegeta- 3, Ascomorphø klementí 4. Asplanchnella (A.) sieboldi s sh sh tion which eventually dies. This vegetation, on decomposing, causes strong oxygen depletion in the water 5. Bdelloidea spec. h s 6. Beauchampia crucigera s column. Also with rising water levels, aquatic plants propagate and cover the lake. Open water a¡eas in '1. Brachionus caudatus caudatus s h 8. Brachionus caudatus ahlstromi h the lake are found only during the period ofvery high water and even then approximately 50 %of the : g. B, caudatus personatus s 10, B. caudatus vulgatus sh area is cove¡ed by aquaticvegetation (JUNK, pers. comm.). lL. B. doldbratu,r L2. B, følcatus h sh 13. B. patulus patulus s s-sh h-sh 14. B. patulus macracanthus sh h-sh B. quadridentatus s quødridentatus Material, 15. 16. B, melhení S s 3. methods and abbreviations quadridentatus ú. B. mirobilis 1-8. B, urceolaris amøzonica n. ssp, S s B. zahniseri reductus 20, B. zahniseri gessneri ) In February, April and July, 1981, or in inte¡vals ¡anging from the beginning of the rising water 19. 27. Cephølodella s 22. Cephalodella period to the highest flood levels, twenty two (22) plankton samples were collected. The sampling forficula sibba 2 C. n' sP. 2 24. stations corespond to the mouth of the chanel-like Lago Camaleâo (Sta. A), inwards, to the west end 23. Paggia Colurella uncinata s s 25. Co no ch ilu s do ssu aríu s s 26, D icranophorus of the lake (Sta. G). Due to the interference of the aquatic vegetation it was rarely possible to collect claviger h sh 27. Dícranophorus caudatus braziliensis2 s sh 28. D. epicharis at all sampling sites. When possible, 50 liters of water were collected, per meter, in the water column, 4 29, Dipleuchlanis propatula s s-h 30, E piphanes clavulata sh sn s-sh with the aid of a hand pump. However, as organic detritus often interferred with pumping we opted 3!, Epiphanes macrounts 2 s 1 32. Euchlønis dilgtata s for horizontal tows. Dates and stations sampled follow: 33. Euchlanis íncisa mucronøta h s 34, E. meneta S 35. Filinia longiseta h h s 36. Filinia longiseta limnetica s I.ago Camaleão, Ilha de Marchantaria, Rio Solimões, Amazonas 37. F, longiseta saltator h h sh 38. F. opoliensis S 1. 26.02.81 Sta. B. (margin) 0.0 m t2. 01.07.81 Sta. B. Horizontal tow 39. F, pejleri 4 sh s 40. Flo sculnría ringe n s 5 2. 26.02.81 Sta. B. (margin) 1.0 m 13. 01.07.81 Sta. C. Horizontal tow 41, Floscularia ringens conifera 1 42. Hab ro tro ch a angus tíco llis 6 J. 26.02.8t Sta. B. (margin) 2.0 m 14. 01.07.81 Sta. D. Horizontal to\ry 43, Hexartha intermediø brazíliensis s 44. Hexarthø mira h s

4. 26.02.8t Sta. B. 2.0 m 15. 01.07,81 Sta. E. Horizontal tow 45. Keratella americanø S 46. Keratella cochlearis 4 h S

26.02.81 Sta. B. 3.0 m 16. 01.07.81 Sta. F. Horizontal tow 47. K. lenzi h h-sh 48. K. nhømund¿ nov. nom. s S

6. 26.02.81 Sta. D. 2.0 m 17. 01.07.81 Sta. G. Horizontal tow 49. Lecane aculeata 5 50, Lecane amazoníana nov. nom. s S 7. 28.04.81 Sta. A. Horizontal tow 18. 28.07.81 Sta. B. Horizontal tow 51. L. aranøta 3 52. L. bulla S sh h-sh 8. 28.04.81 Sta. B. Ho¡izontal tow 19. 28.07.8r Sta. C. Horizontal tow 53. L. closterocerca amazonica s 54. L. cornuta s h h-sh 9. 28.04.81 Sta. D. Horizontal tow 20. 28.07.81 Sta. D. Horizontal tow 55. L. crepÌda s h 56. L, curvicornis 2 sh sh 57. 10. 28.04.8r Sta. E. Horizontal tow 21. 28.07.81 Sta. E. Horizontal tory L. cunícomis nitida s 58. L. decipíens S 2 11. 01.07.81 Sta. A. Horizontal tow 22. 28.07:81 Sta. F. Horizontal tow 59, L. doryssa s S 60. L. elachis 2 h 61. L. elegøns s 62. L. elsa 2 2 63. L. halíclysta . s s 64. L. hamata s s 65, All samples were collected with a 55 ,¡.rm piankton net and fixed at the collecting site with forma- L. hornetanni 2 S 66. L, leontina h h 67. line: final concentration 6 %.Trophi analysis were executed with the use of Eau de J¿velle. The given L. ludwigi s s 68. L. ludwigi abruptø s s species lists inciude data on relative abundance: very rare animals, (single -five specimens) aregiven as 69. L. luna . s s 70. L. marchantøria n. sp. h numbers, rare (5 - (11 - 7L. L. 10) = s, common 20) = h, and abundant (> Z0¡ = r¡. monostylø 1 s 72. L. obtusa S 2 '13. L, ohionens¡'s 1 74. L. pøpuana sh sh sh 75. L. pyriform¡'s J 76. L. quadridentata S S 77. L. proiecta 2 78. L. rhytida h s 79. L. stichaeoides s s 80. L. signifera ploenensis s h 81. L. styrax, s s 82. L. ungulatø s s 83. L. wulþrti s s 84. Lepadella beniamini 3 85. Lepadella cristata s 86. L. latusinus americøna 3 87. L. donneri s s 88. L. ovalis s h 89. L. rhomboides 3 sh h 90, L. crytopus 2 91. L. minoruoides n. sp. s 1 92. L. tríba s 93. L. tríptera 1 1 94. L. imbricata 2

228 229 r

Taxon Feb. April July Taxon Feb. April July families are represented throughout the highest water level period: Brachionidae with 19 species, samPles 1-6 1-10 rr-22 samPles 1-6 7-10 11-rr.a Lecanidae with 35, Colu¡ellidae with 11, Flosculariidae with 8, and Trichocercidae, with semi-planktonic forms such asTrichocercø similis zndT. pusilla, with 11 species. 9 5, Lepadella beniamíni brazíliensis 96. Lepadella patella .1 The species lists include some ¡emarkable new taxa which will be discussed, 9'1. Límnias melicerta s 9 8. Li mnías cera to p hy lli h ss 99. Lindia tntncato 4 I0O. Ma cr o chae t us co I linsí hh l0 l, M anfr ed iu m eudact y lo tu m s 1O 2. Mo no mmat ø tna cu lata ss 5. New species, subspecies and distribution records of rotifers 103. Mono¡nmata spec, s 1,04. Mytilina acøntophora SS 105, Mytilína unguipes 106. M. bisulcatø ss 5.1. Brachionus urceolaris amazonica n. ssp. @ig. 1 a - i) I07. M. ffígona J 108. M. ventralis ss Synonym: Brøchionus benniní (TEISSLING 1924) úter KOSTE f972 I09. M. ventrølis macracøntha s L10. Notornmnta copeus ss ThisBrachionus was first encountered by the senior author in a sample from Igarapé Curui a tll, Notommata spec. s ll2. Platyías leloupi hh iributary of the Rio Solimões, and erroneously identified as B. benniní (Frg. 1 g - h), Brachionus uræo- tl3. Platyias leloupi latis capularis s ll4. P. quadricornis ss løís amazonica is characte¡ized by the previously unknown structures on the dorsal lorica which can be ll5. P. quødricornis brevispinus s 116. Polyarthrø vuþøris s sh sh pronouncedly different within the same population.(Frg. I d - fl. The ornamental granulation on the L17. Ptygura linguata h s ll8, Ptygura tacita s dorsal lorica, characteristic of B. bennini,is lacking. (compare with DE BEAUCHAMP 1939: 9,Fþ.2 119. P. spec. h s 120. Rotaria macrurø .1 or with KOSTE 1978, T. 9, Fig. 8). Also, the number and arrangement of the anterior spines and the l2I. Rotari¿ neptuniø s sh 122. R. rotøtoria rotatoria h hs shape ofthe foot agree better with the morphological and taxonomical characteristics of B. urceolaris. 123. R. tardígrada h 4 124. S car id íu m lo ng icaudu m ss A "dwarfing form" mentioned by GREEN (1971) was not evident. The Marchanta¡ia population con- 12 5, S inan t herina so cialis I 26. S ínant h erína spíno sa .S sisted of very small, uniform animals. Comparative measurements (in pm) follow: 127. Synchaetø longipes 4 sh L28. S y nchae ta pe ctinatø .4 I29. Taphrocampa selenura 1 I 130. Testudinella greeni .t B. urceolaris urceolaris f. typ. B. urceoløris amazonicø t3I. Testudínella mucronata haueriens. s s 132. T. mucronata ss after AHISTROM 1940 n. ssp. L33. T, patina dendradena s t34, T. patina patina h hh and KOSTE 1978 13 5. Tricho cer ca b rasiliensis s I 3 6. Tr icho cerca b icristat a hs 137. T. intetmedia 1 L38. T. mus .1 lorica length 140 - 280 79 - 108 I39. T. pusilla S 140. T. røttus ,s lorica width 98 - 225 78- 83 l4l. T. similis h 142. T. simílis grandis ss asexual egg 9817s 61143 143. T. tenuíor s 144, T. tígrß ss 145. T. voluta I 14 6. Tr íp leuchlanis plícøtø .s Petmanent slides of 3 paratypes of the new subspecies are deposited at the Instituto Nacional de l4'l . Trichotria te trøctís s I 48. Tr o cho sp ha era aeq uat o r íalis hsh Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.

5.2. Cephalodella paggia ru sp. (Fig. 2 a - e) TOTAL 33 102 138 Type material: 2 females from formaline sample collected by B. ROBERTSON in Lago Camaleão, Ilha de Marchantaria, on July l, 1981. Type locality: Lago Camaleão, Ilha de Marchantaria, Amazonas, Brasil. (60" 00N,3" 15'S). 4.1. Interpretation of species lists Cephalodella paggia ts a large animal with a distinct head which narrows api.cally, Large bunches The rotife¡ species assemblage reflects the fluctuating water levels. Despite the different number of cilia protrude from the bucal area and probably contain sensory hairs. Ventral side flat, dorsal slightly of samples per sampling period, the number of species tends to inøease with the rising waters. In Februæy, arched, Foot short, with distinct claws. Mastax with unclear salivary glands. Trophi symmetrical. Unci 33 taxa were found, in April, 102, and in July, I 38. The total number of species identified was 148, with one tooth, Rami with pincer-like termination and unclear small teeth. Upper part of fulcrum has The composition of the rotifet taxocenose also reflects the decomposition of the terrestrial vegeta- sickle-shaped projections which support sphaerical lamellae.@ig. 2 b, e). Manubrium with short lamella tion and the subsequent buildup of the aquatic plants. Only one species, Lecøne (s. str.) papuanø (MURRAY ald an oval ring (Flg. 2 d). Do¡sal antenna normal. No special peculiarity in inner organization. No light present populations throughout the entire sampling period. InFebruary, 1913) was with welldeveloped orgaas found. the plankton forms are dominant although the sessile forms, k¡own from small ponds and temporæy pools At first glance C. paggia can be confused with the large forms of C. gibba (WULFERT 1937), and are also relatively abundant. The Bdelloidea rotifers present, suct' as Rotaria rotatoriø rotdtori¿ (PALLAS the ring-formation on the end of the manub¡ium can lead to the following species: C. mísgurnus WIJL- l'7 66) and Rotaria tardigrada (EHRENBERG 1832), æe characteristic of muddy waters. The inhabitants FERT 1937, c.pachyodon \ryrlLFERT L93't,c. recr¿DONNER lg4g,andc.obviaDoNNER 1949 of the periphyton are basically absent at this time. In April, besides many semi-planktonic forms, there is (see DONNER 1949: Figs. 15 - 17). Measurements (in ¡¡m) of all these taxa are compared in the follo- a development of a typical "rotten mud" assemblage represented by the Monogonoîta Lepadella ovalis wing table where F = fulcrum, Ram. = rami and Man. = manubrium. The table shows particularly the (O. F. M. 1786), Dícrønophorous clnviger (HÀIIER 1965), D. cøudatus brazilíensís KOSTE 1972, Brøchio- differences in the measurements of the trophi. Other taxa with rings on the manubrium such as C. nus patulus patulus (O. F. M. 1786), B. .patulus macracønthus (DADAY 1905), Platyias leloupí leloupi catellina o, F, M. and c. myersiwlszNlEwsKl have other shapes and different toes. (GILLARD 1957),Platyías leloupilatíscapøl¿ruï (I(OSTE L974),Mytilinaacantophora IIAUER 1938, M.bisulcata (LUCKS 1912),M.trigona(GOSSE 1851),M. unguipes (LUCKS 1912),allTestudinella species and the DigonontaRotarianeptunía (EHRENBERG 1832) andR. rotøtoriarotatoria (PALLAS 1766). In July, the semi-planktonic forms, the swimming-creeping forms of the periphyton and the sessile species reach their maximum. These,live on and among the aquatic plant mass. The following

230 231 L, stichaea L. amazoniana n. sp. Total Toe Trophi F. Ram, Man. length length length Ventral lorica width 58 50-53 Dorsal lorica width 69 -',76 58-60 C. mísgumus WULFERT 165 - 190 49-61 22 16 Toe length 27-39 36 C. pachyodon WULFERT 220 - 245 5s-60 28 Claw length 5- 7 L2-t4 C, IecTa DONNER 155 - 168 36 L9 t2 6 15 Claw form bent backwards, straight, C. obvit DONNER t52 - 172 44-46 20 t4 only inside edge outeÌ edge indented C, paggia n. sp, 396 t26 72 43 29 50 indented by weak step by sharp step Ante¡ior lorica margin between anterior margin between ante¡ior spines convex spines straþht Etymoiogy: The species is named after Prof. Susa¡a J. de Paggi of the Instituto Nacional de Limnologia, Santo Tomé, Argentina, ìn gratitude for good collaboration.

the new Lecøne species from Marchantaria is slimmer and has a relatively shorter dorsal lorica. The 5.3. Keratella nhamunda nov. nom. (Flg. 3 a, b and e) toes are long and straþht with needle-like pseudoclaws indented on the outer edge, This species has Synonym: Keratella americana nhømundaiensis KOSTE 1982 also been found in black waters, Lago Jurucui Rio Tapajós and now in the Rio Solimões. It is not yet This taxon was first discovered in plankton samples collected by G.-O, BRANDORFF at the known from other tropical areas. mouth of the Rio Nhamundá in July, 1975. It was associated by KOSTE (BRANDORFF et al. 1982) to the Keratella arnericana CARLIN 1943 species group as a new subspecies (Frg. 3c). In this species 5.5, Lecane (s. str.) aspasia amazonica n. sp. (Fig. 6 a - c) group, however, the hind median facet of the dorsal iorica is open, and in the new taxa (Fig. 3a, b) this Lecane aspasíø was first described by MYERS (1917) f¡om mate¡ia.l collected in the surroundings facet is closed, points downwards, and ends in a ridge parting to the left, which divided two asymmetri- of Los Angeles, California, a¡d since then there have not been any more records. It is possible that I. cal caudal plaques. Similar, although symmetrical, configuration of the caudal faaet is found in Kerøtella aspasilt has been overlooked up until now because it occupies the same habitat as L. signiþra ploenensis procuna (THORPE 1891). (Fig. 3d), which was not encountered in the study area. K. procunø has been (VOIGT 1902), and also because it presents similar toes and pattern on the dorsal lorica to L. stíchaeoi- found in the Neotropics in Argentina (PAGGI 197 3), Panama and Venezuela. It has a pair of hind spines des (Fþ. 11 a, b). The new subspecies is slimmer than the forma typica, has longer toes, and long, sharply of which the left is always shortened or lacking. It is possible that, from a morphological point of view, indented pseudoclaws. Compare the L. aspasia forms from Ilha de Marchantaria (Fig. 6 a - c), with those K. nhamunda tepresents a phylogenetic link between the species groups K. americana and K. procurta, of HARRING & MYERS (1926). Theæ figures and measurements show that, based on the previously The distinctiveness of K. nhamunda is reinforced by the surface of the dorsal lorica being covered by cited morphological differences, one should differentiate.this new record as a new subspecies. fìne, wave-like, longitudinal striations (Frg. 3e), a taxonomical character not observed inother Keratella Gor more information about Z. stichaeoídes HAUER 1938 see (in species. We therefore consider K. nhamunda to be agood species. Its name derives from its first collec- section 5.7.). Comparative measurements ¡.rm) follow: ting site, Rio Nhamundá. @or other information concerning the Keratella taxa see AHLSTROM 1943 and KOSTE 1979). L, aspasia typ. L. aspasía amazonica n. ssp, 5.4. Lecane (s. sî.) amazoniana n. sp. (Fig. 5 a - c) Dorsal lorica length 82 101 .t3 Synonyms: Lecane rhytida after HÄUER 1965. - Lecane sp. 1 after ÍIAUER 1965. - Dorsal lorica width 75 Lecahe rhytidø after KOSTE 1972, * Lecane stichaea yat. amazonica Ventral lorica length 94 111 after KOSTE 1978. Ventral lorica width 58 There is still agreat deal of confusion with respect to this taxon found in the Amazon and Toe length 38 49 misidentified by HAUER (1965). Out comparative morphological investþation permitted us to verify Claw length I 11 lhat this Lecane is very different from I. rhytídø (HARRING & MYERS 1926). (Compare Fþ. 4, which was drawn from a Marchantaria specimen, with H & M 1926, Plate XX, Fig. 3 - 4). Lecane rhytídø has extremely long tips of toes, but no claws or pseudoclaws. L. amazoníana has pseudoclaws which are 5.6. Lecane (Monostyla) malchantaria n. sp. (Fig, 7 a - d) sharply indented on the outer edge of the tows. Furthermore, while the margin of the lorica between The Lecane (Monostyla) subspecies contains agreat number of species, but one particulargroup, the anterior corner spines in L. rhytída is concave, in 1.. amazoniøna it is straight. L. amazoniana also wfuch lacks claws on the toes can be differentiated, and the new Lecane (M.) species belongs to this has special distinct characteristics when compared to the.L. stichaeø group (see KOSTE 1978). The group. It is somewhat similar to the big forms of L. (M.) decipiens (DADAY 1913) (FrC. l0) and 1,. foilowing table (measurements in pm) sho'tvs this distinctiveness. (M.) arcuata (BRYCE 1891), and when compared to the Z. (M.) arcuata specimen from Bung Bhorapet, Thail¿nd (Fig. 9), one is also tempted to associate this taxon to the ¿. hamata species group (STOKES L. stichaea L, amazoniana n, sp, 1896), (see Fig, 8 a, b), because of the retraction of the anterior margin of the lorica. The new species differs, however, from these two Lecane and their variations, not only because of differences in the Ventral lorica length apical region ofthe lorica, but also because ofits measurements (see table below). after PEJLER 1962 90 - 105 Descríption: The lorica is egg-shaped, and the anterior margin of the ventral lorica is more deeply after H. &.M. 1926 105 indented (up to 22 ¡rm) than the dorsal lorica (up to L4 ¡.¿m). The anterior tips of the dorsal lorica do after KOSTE 197E 75 - 10s 87 not extend into the ventrally indented head section asin L. hamata (Ftg. 8 a, b), but run parallel Dorsal lorica length with those of the vpntral lorica and present, anteriorally, a small hook-like structure which is bent ventrally. after H. &M. 1926 92 The fust segment of the foot is small and rectangular. The second, where the relatively long toes are after KOSTE 1978 70-85 72-78

17,'' 233 inserted, is broad, thickened and oval in outline. The toe is straþht, with parallel sides and only in the Small forms of L, stichaeoídes can be confused with L. aculzata acaleatø (JAKUBSKI 1912), (in last third is it pointed. Comparative measurements ¡rm) of 1,. (M.) marchantøn'ø ahd similar species but in our mateúal, L. aculeata aculeata çpg. 12) presentsthe anterior spines pointed outward, and follow: (Vr. = distance between the anterior spines, Dpz. Vr., +, spines of the ante¡ior dorsal lorica = the following measurements: ventral lorica length - 61 ¡rm, ventral lorica width - 43 ¡.tm, do¡sal lorica visible in the vent¡al aperture, Dpz. Vr., spines not visible in ventral aperturc). -, = length - 57 ¡rm, dorsal lorica width - 54 pm, anterior lorica width - 46 - 47, ¡rm, toe length - 22 - 25 ¡.rm, and claw length - 5.5 - 6 ¡rm. Total Ventral Dorsal Ventral Do¡sal Toe Vr. Dpz. length lorica lorica lorica lorica length Vr. 5,8. Lepadella (L.) minoruoides n. sp. (Fig. f 3 a - g) length length width width In cross section the lorica is triangular and 36 ¡rm hrCh (FS. 1 3 e). Outline is broad anteriorly, tapering to the middle of the foot opening, and ending posteriorly L. (M.) arcuata 83 - 100 60-73 45-69 41-s0 49-63 23-28 1 in a slightly rounded tip. Ventrally, (BRYCE 1E91) the opening of the head is deep. Dorsally, it is slightly surpassed by the apical end of the thin dorsal keel after VOIGT 1957 which appeârs as a distinct notch. The foot opening is oval with posteriorly directed margins. Foot composed of 1 non-movable and pointed. L. (M.) arcuata 92 72 67 44 55 25 23 3 movable sections. Toes straþht and The dorsal lorica is covered parallel, after HAUER 1935 with longitudinal rows of cylindrically shaped rods, (Fig. 13 Ð, each of which stands on a flat, rounded base. Late¡al (Frg. 1 L. (M.) arcuata 90 68 60 44 54 24 24 view 3 b) shows an arched keel, which, in the dìrection of the posteriorly after HARRING & head, slopes steeply, and in a sþhtly S-shaped cuwe. MYERS 1926 The new species belongs without doubt to thetrípterø formgroup (KOSTE 19?8: 192). Up to now, only ,L. tliptera forms show spore, pearl, or (KOSTE L. (M.) arcuata 97 80 56 '70 35 hump bubble-shaped st¡uctures. 1981 : 112), after PAX & and while similar ¡ows of rods are found on the dorsal lorica of .L. minoruí KOSTE 1981, they also present prominences. WULFERT 1941 wing-like One should add that the L. ttiptera identified by KUTIKOVA (1962: L. (M.) hamatø typ. 77-98 61-88 40-60 52-66 26-38 ? + 476'F19,3) from the Luga District in East Europe, shows pearl-shaped structures which concentrate on afte¡ KOSTE 1978 both sides of the dorsal keel (compare with DONNER 1954: 90, Fþ.2r a- b). These forms, however, lack the constriction on either side of the foot opening. (in L. (M.) hamata f . 100 '70 52 40 56 28 25 + Comparative measurements ¡rm) follow: orcuata alfet WULFERT 1966 lorica lorica toe foot L. (M.) marchantaria 133 - 148 95 90 50 72 43 14 length width length opening Lepadella triptera 66 56 (EHRB.) afte¡ DONNER 1954 Pe¡manent slides of the holotype and 4 paratypes are deposited at INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, L. triptera (EHRB.) 66 57 20 Brazil. after KUTIKOVA 1962 L, minorui '12 - 80 76-80 24 20116 5.7. Lecane (s. stt.) stichaeoides HAUER 1938 (Fig. 11 a, b) after KOSTE 1981 (HAllER (s. Synonyms: Lecane stíchaea f. stíchoídes 1938) after KOSTE I978. - Lecane L, minoruoídes n. sp. '72 65 ')< 18lL4 str.) stichøea (partim) after KUTIKOVA 1970, - Lecane aspasia MYERS 1917. - Lecøne stichaea after KOSTE 1981. Permanent slides of the holotype are deposited at INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. This Lecøne species was described by HALJER in 1938 from a single specímen collected in a rice field near Singkarak, Sumatra (see KOSTE 1981 : 1903). HAUER (1937138) erected the new species 5.9. Manfredium eudactylotum (GOSSE 1886) "stichaeoides" because of its smaller size, thinner shape and pæticularly because of a totally different Synonyms: Scaridium eudactylotum GOSSE 1886. - Eudactylota eudactylol¿ (GOSSE aÍangement of the ornamental ridges on.the dorsal and ventral lorica, when compared to L. stichaea. 1886) after MANFREDI 1927. Beauchampielln eudactylota (GOSSE 1886) While HAIIER - did not comment on the insertion of the claws, it is clearly shown in the very good , after GALLAGIIER 1957. - Beauchømpiella eudactylota after BRÁ,NDORFF figure of his South East Asian record. As we have already seen in the discussio n of L. amazoniana n. et aL 1982. - Manfredium eudactybtum (GOSSE 1886) after DE RIDDER sp,, L. stichaea a¡d similar forms always present a characteristic insertion of the claws: a soft indenta- 198r. tion on the inner side of the toes. L. stíchaeoides also show distinctly indented toes, but on both sides. In previous publications of rotifers from the Amazon, HAUER (1965) used the genus name HAUER also did not mention L. (s, slr.) aspasia, which is similar to L. stichaeoides, and had already Eudøctylata while KOSTE (I9't2) and others used the name Beauchampiella. In studies of the nomen- been described by MYERS in I9L7, (Synonyms ? ). Compilation of comparative measutements (in ¡¿m) clature of this taxa, DE RIDDER (1981) points out that EudactJrlor¿ MANFREDI (1927) is not follow: available because there exists anEudactylota WAISINGIIAM 1911 (Lepidoptera). Also, the genus name Beauchampiella, rntroduced by REMANE (1929), is a nomem nudum. Therefore GALLAGHER's L. stichaeoides L. øspasia L. stichaeoides proposal of the genus name Manfredium is correct. M. eudactyloturn ocurred frequently in the samples and after flA IIER after HARRING specimen from some specimens with toe lengths of 360 ¡lm, reached an overal length of 7 60 pm. (In reference to 193'',Ì138 &MYERS 1926 Marchantaria Eudactylota wulþrti IIAIJER t965 = M. eudactylotum (GOSSE) 1. wulftrti HÀL]ER 1965, after KOSTE 1978, see BRANDORFF et aL Dorsal lorica lelgth 74 82 '79 I98Z:7't,FA.2\. Dorsal lorica width 5s 't5 68 Ventral lorica length 81 94 83 Ventral lorica width 48 54 Anterior lorica width 61 63 58 Toe length 32 38 JJ CIaw length 7 8 7

234 235 5.1O. Mytilína rr¡gorl¿ (GOSSE 1851) @þ. 15 a - c) This rotifer is known from va¡ious publications and is an inhabitant of the mud surfaces of small bodies of water. It was recorded by MURRAY (1913) from brackish water ponds near Rio de Janeiro, but this is the first record for the Amazon region. The species is cha¡acterized by the lorica being somewhat triangular in cross section @þ. 15 c) and presenting, at the tip of the lorica, a notch tfuough which a thin median keel is visible. The toes are straight and slþhtly thickened near the tips. Measurements from the literaturegive a lorica length of 150 - 160 ¡¿m and toe lengths of 68 - 83 ¡rm. The Marchantaria M. trigona shows a lorica length of 186 i¿m and toe lengths of 75 - 80 ¡rm.

5.11. Mytilina unguipes (LUCKS l9l2) r. (Fig. 14 a, b) Synonym: M. crassipes (LUCKS l9l2)? Due to the very often short descriptions and unsatisfactory figures of olde¡ authors, until today, there exists a great deal of uncertainty in reference to the soft-skinned Mytílina. This is pæticularly true for M. crassipes (LUCKS 1912),M. bisulcata (LUCKS 1912), M. unguipes (LUCKS 1912), M. videns (LEVANDER 1894), and M. compressa (GOSSE 1851). All of them live on mud surfaces. M. bisulcata was recorded for South America by MICFIELANGELLI et al. (1980) from Venezuela. Unfortunately, however, the species appears only in a table and nothing more is said about it. The MarchantariaM. unguipes is the first record for this geographical region. Based on the form of the toes one can separate two gloups of these a¡imals: a) Toes long, thin, straþht or sfuhtly bent, somewhat pointed at the tip: Mytilína trígonø (GOSSE 1851) (see section 5.10), M. yrrlens (LEVANDER 1894), M. bisulcata (LUCKS 1912) (see BRÀNDORFF et al. 1.9 82 : 80, Fig. I 5 - 16), M. co mpressa (GOSSE I 85 1). b) Toes long, thin, straight or sþhtly bent, ending in soft, flexible claws: M. øassipes (LUCKS 1912) (lorica length - 138 ¡.rm, toe length - 5'1 -'15 sm, claw - 9 p,m),M. unguípes (LUCKS 1912) (see KOSTE 1978, Tab. 41, Fig. 2 a, b) (lorica length - 193 ¡¿m, toe length - 58 ¡rm, claw - 13 pm). As shown ûì Fí9, i4, the specimens from Lago Camaleão apparently are the soft-skinned M. un- gølpes (LUCKS I 91 2). They could be juveniles of M. uassipes, but the integument ol M. crassipes is more reinforced. Measurements: lorica length - 114 ¡¿m, iorica width - 40 ¡¡m, lorica height - 58 f¿m, toe length - 65 lt, claw - 7 p.m.

5.12. Testudinella greeni KOSTE 1981 (Fig. 19) Synonyms: Testudinella tridentata SMIRNOV f . curvøta n. f. after WULFERT 1965. - T. tridentatd cunatø (WULFERT 1965) after KOSTE 1978. - T. ttídentata Map 2: cl¿rvataY'¡IJLFERT after FERNANDO & ZÀNKAI 1981. Pantropical dist¡ibution ofTestudinelþgreeniKOSTE l98l (1 - Lago Camaleão, Amazonas, For the description ofthis species see KOSTE (1981: 116, Tab, 5). Only one specimen was found Btaztl,; 2 - Socoto River, Nigeria, Afriga; 3 - ricefield near Penang, Malaysia; 4 - Magela in our samples. This is the first record for the Neotropics, and now proves that this rare rotifer occu¡s Creek, tributary of Alligator River, Auétralia, N. T.), pantropically. In ¡eferenæ to the distribution of l, greeni KOSTE 1981 see Map. 2. The lorica measurements of this large Testudinella follow: length - 324 pm, width * 14I ¡¿m.

5.13, Testudínella patína dendrødena (DE BEAUCHÀMP 1955) (Fig. 17 b) Testudinella species were remarkably numerous in the Marchantaria samples, among them, T. nwcronata haueriensís (GILLARD 1967) forms with blunt típs on the anterior margin of the dorsal 5.L 4. Tro ch o s ph ae ra aeq uat orial,s SEMPER I 8 72 iorica @igs. I7 a and 18). This abnormality has little ta.ronomical value; they are probably juveniie This interesting species, which has evolved entirely towards a pelagial life, was previously known specimens. Among the smaller Testudinella species, T, patina patína Fig. I7 c) and T. patina dendra- in the Neotropics only from Lake Brokopondo, Surinam (LENTV.A,AR L975),Lago Jacaretinga, Ama- dena werc found. The latter was described by DE BEAUCHAMP (1955) from samples of the Ivory zonas (KosrE 1976), and Lagunas del valle, Rio Paraná, Argentina (PAGGI l97g). ln 1976 KosrE studies Coast, West Africa, and more recently, by MICHELLANGELI et al. (1980) from Venezuela. This the morphology and anatomy of both 7. aequøtoriølis and T. solstitialis (THORPE 1 89 3). These Testudínella subspecies differs anatomically lrom the type in its ramified, string-shaped vitellari¡rm. differ in the localization of the "wheel organ" which is often difficult to define. Both species are ovovi- porous Thedorsalioricaalsohasacharacteristicanteriormargiri (Fjg. 17b).Thisisthefirstrecordforthe arid the resting eggs have similar complicated morphological characters (Irg. 16 ;). Similar trophi, Amazon region, with very many small unci teeth, indicate they are microphagus. The sexual period of T. solstit¡alis, f;om Texas, has been discussed by McCULLOUGH & LEE (1980). T. aequatoriais is probably similar. In Lago

236 aaa (Fig. 16 b, c), only during the high Camaleão this species ocurred, with both, sexual and asexual eggs, 9. Literature water level period. Males were not recognized in these samples fixed with formaline. Trochosphaera with pool oxygen conditions. They can also be found, out develops large populations in warm waters AHLSTROM, E. H. (1940): A revision of the rotatoriangenenBrachionus andPlaty¡izs with descrip during the warm seasons of the year, in Midwestem North American' of the iropics and subtropics, tions of one species and two new varieties.- Bull, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 77 (3): 148 - 184. China, Rumania, Argentina and Australia. AHLSTROM, E, H. (1943): A revision of the rotatoriangenus Keratello,- Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 80 (12):411-456. BEAUCHAMP, P, DE (1939): Rotifè¡es, - Parc. National Albert,2. Mission II. Damas 1935 - 1936 6. Summary 5:5-10. BEAUCHAMP, P. DE (1955): Sur quelques Rotifères de la Cote d'Ivoire.- Acta Tropica 12 (l): 68 - 72. rotifers were identified in 22 plankton samples collected in Lago Camaleão, situa- 148 species of BRANDORFF' G.-O., KOSTE, W. & N. N. SMIRNOV (1982): The composition and structure of rotiferan varzea region of the Solimões-Amazonas Rivel system' ted on the Ilha de Marchantaria, in the and crustacean communities of the lower Rio Nhamundá, Amazonas, Brasil.- Studies Neotrop. found. During the high water Durihg the 1ow water pedod, February, 1981, 33 species were Fauna &Environment 17 (2-3):69 - I2L. period, July, 1981, after the development of the aquatic vegetation, 138 species were identified. DONNER, J. (1954): Zur Rotatorienfauna südmährens.- österr. zool. z. s (rl2):30 - 1 17. of the inundated terrestrial vegetation favors those rotifer species which live The decomposition GILLARD, A. M. (1967): Rotifè¡es de l'Amazonie.- Bull. Inst, r. Sci. nat. Beþ.43 (30): 1 - 20. of the genera.Lepadella, Mytilina, Platyias, on the surfâce of putrid mud. All are cosmopolitan species GREEN, J. (1960): Zooplankfon ofthe River Socoto. The Rotifera.- Proc. Zool, Soc, London 135: Brachionus and Tesadinell¿. Bdelloidea was represented by several species of the genus Rotarit; 491 - s23. revised, and in this study the following are Several identífication errors of former authors were GREEN, J, (197'1): Dwarfing of rotifers in tropical crater lakes.- Arch, Hydrobiol. Beih. Ergebn. Limnol. (s. proposed: Brachionus urceolaris amazonica n. ssp., Keratella nhamunda nov. nom., Lecane str.) 8: 232 - 236. nom., Lecane aspasiø amazonica n. ssp. New records for the Amazon region include: imazoniana nov. HARRING, H' K. & F. J. MYERS (L926): The rotifer fauna of Wisconsin. III. A revision of the genera (LUCKS Testudinella greeni Lecane (s. str,) stichaeoides HAUER 1938, Mytilína unguípes l9l2), Lecane a¡dMonostyla.- Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci., Arts and Letteis 22:315 - 423, (DE BEAUCHAMP 1955). Three new taxa are des' KOSTE 1981, and Testudínella patina dendradenø HAIIER' J. (1937/38): Die Rotatorien von Sumatra, Java und Bali nach Ergebnissen der Deutschen paggia (Monostyla) marchantøria n. sp., and Lepadella (L.) mínoru' øibe4 Ceþhatodelta n. sp., Lecøne Limnologischen sundaexpedition.- Teil I.- Arch. Hydrobiol. suppl. LS (2): 296 - 3g4; (314): oides n. sp. 507 - 602. ÌIAIJER, J. (1953): Zur Rotatorienfauna von Nordostbrasilien.- Archiv. Hydrobiol. 48 (2): IS4 - L72. HAllER, J. (1956): Rotatorien aus Venezuela und Kolumbien.- Ergebn. Dt. Limnol. Venezuela Exp. 7. Resumo 1952. l:277 - 3I2. IIAUER, J. (1958): Beitrag zur Kenntnis südamerikanische¡ Rotatoria.- Beitr. naturk. Forsch. Südw- 148 èspécies de rotífera foram identificados em 22 amostras coletadas no Lago Camaleâo, situada Dtl. l7 (2): I74 - 178. na região devâtzea do sistema Solimões-Amazonas' na llha de Marchantaria, HAUER, J. (1965): Zur Rota¡orienfauna des Amazonasgebietes,- Int. Rev. Ges, Hydrobiol. s0 (3): Durahte a seca, fevereiro, 1981, 33 espécies foram encontradas. Durante a cheia,julho, 1981, após 341 - 389. das plantas aquáticas, 138 espécies foram identificadas. o desenvolvimento HALIER, J. (1966): Brochionusgillardi n. sp. @otatoria).- Beitr. naturk. Eorsch..SüdwDtl. 25 (1): 73 -'14. ' Ä decomposição da vegetação terrestre inundada favorece àquelas espécies de rotíferos que habitam INFANTE, A. DE (1978): Zooplankton of Lake Valencia (Venezuela), I. Species composition and representantes dos seguintes gêneros: a superfice áe lama putrefata. Todas são espécies cosmopolitas, abundance.- Ve¡h. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 20: 1186 - 1191. Lepadella, Mytitina, Ptøtyias, Brachionus e Testudínella. Bdelloidea foi representada por várias.espécies KOSTE, W. (L972): Über ein sessles Rädertier aus Amazonien, Floscularia noodti, sp. n.- Arch. Hydro- de Rotaría. biol. 70 (4): 534 - 540. Equívbcos de outros autores foram revisados, e propoem-se neste ttabalho : Brachionus urceolaris til, KosrE' (1972): Rotatorien aus Gewâssern Amazoníens.- Amazoni¿na ? elÐ:2sg - 505. nhamunda nov. nom., Lecane (s. s1.:'.) amazoniana nov. nom., Lecøne (s. amazoníca n. ssp,, Keratella KOSTE, W. (1973): Horaëlla thomassoni n. sp. ein neues Rãdertier aus Gewässern der Guiana-brasilia- aspøsia amazonica n. ssp. Espécies novas para a rcgião são: Lecane (s. str.) stichaeo¿des fIAtlER s¡.) nischen Region der Neotropis.- Arch. Hydrobiol. 72 (3): 37 5 - 883. 1938, unguipes (LUCKS l9l2), Testudínella greeni KOSTE 1981, e Testudínella patína den- Mytilìna KOSTE, W. (1974): Zur Kenntnis der Rotatorienfauna de¡ "schwimmenden Wiese" einer Uferlagune (DE BEAUCHAMP 1955). Tres novas espécies são descritas: Cephalodella paggia n, sp., Lecane dradena in der Varzea Amazoniens, B¡asilien.- Amazoniana 5 (l): 25 - 60. (Monostyla) n. sp., e Lepadella (L.) Minoruoides n, sp. marchantaria KOSTE, W, (1974): Über Rotatorien aus einem Ufersee des unte¡en Rio Tapajós, dem tago paroni.- Gewâsser und Abwässer 53154: 43 - 68. KOSTE, W. (1976): Trochosphaera aequatoilolis, clas "Kugelräde¡tier".- Mik¡okosmos 65 (9): 265 - 27L. 8. Acknowledgments KOSTE' (i977): W. Über drei neue Formen des Genus Ilex arthra Schmarda IBS4, H, ienkinae f. nakuru n. f ', H. brandorffi n. sp,, und H. polydonta soaplakeienst's n. ssp.- Gewässe¡ und Abwässer 62/63: This study is pafi 'of a project being undertaken under the auspices of tire bilateral cooperation 7-16. betweén the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) and the, Max-Planck Institute..The KOSTE, W. (1978): Rotatoria. Die Rädertiere Mitteleuropas. Ein Bestimmungswerk begr. von M, VOIGT. authors would like to thank the Max-Pianck lnstitute for Limnology, AG Tropical Ecology, particularly Überordnung)4onogononta. I Textband VIII + 1 -673,llTafelbd. lll+ I-4'l6mit 234 Tafeln, D¡. lV. J, Junk, for providing the opportunity for the authors to.work together in Flön, Germany. Stuttgart. Priïate of the. senior author was by the Eegtsche Ferschungsgemeinschaft;.Bonn - Bad KOSTE, (1979): lesea¡ch finance{ W. New Rotifera from the Rive¡ Murray, Southeastern Aüstralia, with a review of the Godesberg, FRG. We would also like to thank Dr. J, Adis for help in translating the manuscript. Australian species of Brøchionus and Keratella.- Aust. J, Ma¡. Freshwater Res. 30: 237 - 253.

238 239 KOSTE, W. (1981): Zur Morphologie, Systematík und ökologie von neuen monogononten Râdertieren (Rotatoria) aus dem Überschwemmungsgebiet des Magela Creek in der Alligator River Region Australiens, N. T., Teil I.- Osnabrücker naturwiss. Mitt. 8: 97 - 126. KOSTE, W. & S. J. DE PÁ.GGI (1982): Rotifera of the Superorder Monogononta recorded from the Neotropics.- Gewässer und Abwässer 68169: 7l - 102. KUTIKOVA, L, A. (1962): List of Rotatoria of the Luga district of the Leningrad Region.- Trudi Zoo1. Inst. 3l: 463 - 492. KUTIKOVA, L. A. (19?0): Rädertierfauna der ussR.- Fauna ussR, 104, Akad. Nauk. sssR, Leningrad: 1 - 744; ßussian). f r¡ LEENTVAAR, P. (1975): Hydrobiological observations in Surinam, with special reference to the man- a madeBrokopondoLake.-In:StudiesontheFaunaofSurinamandotherGuyanas15: l'175. McCULLOUGH, J. D. & R. D. llE (1980): An ecological study of the rare rotifer species Trochosphaera sohitíalis (THORPE 1893) and the first report of the male.- Hvdrobiologia 7l: 7 - 18. $ (1979/80): Rotiferos de sabanas inundables MICIIELANGELLI, F., ZOPPI DE ROA, E. & R. POURRIOT aL. o em Manteal, Edo Apuré, Venezuela.- Cah. O. R. S. T. O. M. sér. Hydrobiol. 13 (1/2): 47 - 59. MURRAY, J. (1913): RouthAmerícan Rotifers.- J. Roy. Micrs. Soc.:229 -246,34I -362,449 '454. d PAGGI, J. C. DE (19?S): Sobre la presencia de Trochosphaera øequatorialís Semper e Horaëlla thomassoni o Koste (Rotatoria: Testudinellidae) em Lagunas del Valle de inundacion del Rio Parana.- Rev. o Assoc. Cienc. Nat. Litoral 9:'77 -82. o PAX, F, & K. WULFERT (1941): Die Rotatorien deutscher Schwefelquellen und Thermen.- Arch. h Hydrobiol. 38: 165 - 213. .: È PEJLER, B. (1962): On the taxonomy and ecoiogy of benthic and periphytic Rotatoria. Investigations in northern Swedish Lapland,- Zool. Bidr. Upps. 33: 32'1 - 422. (1929-33): Bronns Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs 4, Abt.2lIt t - 576. REMANE, A. Rotatoria.- In: +O RIDDER, M. DE (1981): Rotifères - Rotifera,- Hydrobiol, Survey of the Lake Bangweulu Luapula River Basin. Resultats scientif. 1l (4): 1 - 191. =l ^^ -idro .9 THOMASSON, K, (1953): Studien über das Südamerikanische Süßwasserplankton.- 2. Ãrk. Zoo1.,ser,2, vd 6 (10): 189 - 225. èob oÐ; r'ì - THOMASSON, K. (1971): Amazonian aþae.- Inst. Roy. Sci. Natur. de Beþ., 12 ser. 86: 1 5?. d^ (1965): (Berlin) (3): WULFERT, K. Rädertiere aus einigen Afrikanischen Gewässern.- Limnologica 3 g¡Xd 34',7 - 366. .C oo *ç cÈ ô.=ro il8, Authors'addresses: Accepted for publication in August 1983 gt t.:ào.^ Dr. h. c. Walter Koste E> Ludwig-Brili-St¡aße 5 D - 4570 Quakenbriick 6s BR Deutschland -Ò

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Fig. 3: Keratella nhamundø n. sp. a- dorsalview (length= 2-09 pm), (c. marg. = caudalmarginfacet, punctate);b. dorsalview(length"= 210 ¡¡m); c.Kerarellnamericøna CARLIN 1943 (tength =220 p.m), (h.m.=hindmedianfacet);d KeratelløprocurraprocurvaGHORPElS9l),(length=180¡.¿m);e. K.nhamundan.sp.dorsalloricawithwave{ikelongitudinalstriations. | -- .,.

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Fig.4: Fig. 5: Lecøne (s. sta.) rhytidø IIARRING & MYERS 1926 Leøne (s. str.) amazoníana n. sp. 'ipecirnen from L. Camaleão, vent¡al view (length = 140 pm). a. dorsal view; b. ventral view; c. caudal view.

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FIg. E: Fþ.9: Izcane (M.) hamata hamata (STOKES 1896) Lecane (M.) arcuatø (BRYCE i 891) a. specimen from L. Camaleão, ventral view (length = 79 p.m); specimen from Bung Borapet, Thailand, b. specimen from þarapé Mapirí, near Santarém, small form. dorsal view (length = 176 ¡¡m). I \'

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Fig. 13: Lepadella minoruoides n. sp. a. dorsal view; b. lateral view; c. - d. ventral view; e. cross section; f. rod with base on cuticle (length = 3.6 pm);g, ventral view (length = ':.2 pm). (see page 250 and 251)

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18 c

Fig. l7: Testudinella nwøonata haueriensís (GILLARD 1967) n. f, a. outline of animal, diameter 1981144 ¡.rm;b. Testudinella patina dendrødena (DE BEAUCIIAMP 1955), anterior margin; c T, þatinø patlna (IIERMANN 1783), anterior margin. Fig. l8:

Te studine lla mu cro nat a haue rie n si s (GI LLA RD 1 9 6 7) ventrai anterior mægin with characteristic long median spine. Fig. 19: Testudinellø greeni KOSTE 1981 loricalength = 324 pm,geatest width = 148 ¡¡m.

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