STANDARDS & GUIDELINES for Crochet and Knitting
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yarnstandards.com CYC_YarnStandards-2018-11-06a-jb • 11/06/18 Standards & Guidelines Contents
he publishers, fiber, needle and hook Crochet...... 1 manufacturers, and yarn members of the Abbreviations — Crochet Master List ...... 1 T Craft Yarn Council have worked together Terms & Common Measurements ...... 2 to set up a series of guidelines and symbols to Tunisian Abbreviations ...... 2 bring uniformity to yarn, needle and hook labeling, Term differences between the U.S., and to patterns, whether they appear in books, U.K and Canada ...... 2 magazines, leaflets or on yarn labels. Our goal Crochet Chart Symbols...... 3 is to make it easier for industry manufacturers, Knitting ...... 4 publishers and designers to prepare consumer- Abbreviations — Knitting Master List ...... 4 friendly products and for consumers to select Terms & Common Measurements ...... 5 the right materials for a project and complete it Term differences between the U.S. and successfully. Canada ...... 5 We urge manufacturers, publishers, and Knit Chart Symbols...... 6 designers to adopt these guidelines. Downloads Cable Symbols...... 8 of the graphic symbols are available at www. Loom Knitting Abbreviations...... 10 YarnStandards.com at no charge. We ask that if Wraps Per Inch — How to Measure...... 11 you use them in any publication that you advise us Project Levels ...... 12 in an e-mail of your intention to use them and that Standard Body Measurements/Sizing...... 13 the following credit line be given: Ease & Fit Chart...... 13 Source: Craft Yarn Council’s Length Chart...... 13 www.YarnStandards.com How to Measure...... 14 We received valuable input from allied associations Size Charts...... 15 in the United States, such as The National Baby...... 15 NeedleArts Association, the Crochet Guild of Child...... 15 America, and The Knitting Guild Association, as Youth ...... 16 well as designers and consumers. Ultimately, Woman...... 17 our objective is to design global standards Man...... 18 and guidelines that will be used by companies Head...... 19 worldwide. To this end, we have reached out to Foot ...... 20 individuals, manufacturers and trade associations Hand...... 21 in the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, France, as Standard Yarn Weight System ...... 22 well as in Australia and New Zealand to ask for Système standard de grosseur ...... 23 their input. Sistema de Peso Estandar para Estambre...... 24 Schematics ...... 26 Hooks & Needles...... 27 Steel Hooks & Crochet Threads...... 28 Yarn Label Information...... 29 Care Symbols ...... 29 Designer Guidelines...... 30 Before you submit your design...... 30 The design submission ...... 31 The submission process...... 31 How companies process submissions...... 32 What happens after a design is accepted...... 32 Before you begin the project...... 32 The completed project...... 33 The pattern...... 33 Sending an invoice...... 34 Craft Yarn Council contact information...... 34 Standards & Guidelines For Crochet and Knitting • YarnStandards.com
Crochet Abbreviations Master List
Following is a list of crochet abbreviations used in patterns by yarn industry designers and publishers. In addition, designers and publishers may use special abbreviations in a pattern, which you might not find on this list. Generally, a definition of special abbreviations is given at the beginning of a book or pattern. These definitions reflect U.S. crochet terminology.
Abbreviation Description Abbreviation Description alt ����������������������������� alternate FPtr ��������������������������� front post treble crochet approx ��������������������� approximately hdc ��������������������������� half double crochet beg ������������������������� begin/beginning hdc2tog ������������������� half double crochet 2 bet ��������������������������� between stitches together BL inc ����������������������������� increase or BLO ��������������������� back loop or back loop only lp ������������������������������� loop bo ����������������������������� bobble m ������������������������������� marker BP ����������������������������� back post MC ���������������������������� main color BPdc ������������������������� back post double crochet pat or patt ��������������� pattern BPdtr ����������������������� back post double pc ����������������������������� popcorn stitch treble crochet pm ��������������������������� place marker BPhdc ����������������������� back post half prev ������������������������� previous double crochet ps or puff ����������������� puff stitch BPsc ������������������������� back post single crochet rem ��������������������������� remaining BPtr �������������������������� back post treble crochet rep ��������������������������� repeat CC ����������������������������� contrasting color rnd ��������������������������� round ch ����������������������������� chain stitch RS ����������������������������� right side ch- ����������������������������� refer to chain or space sc ������������������������������� single crochet previously made, sc2tog ����������������������� single crochet 2 e.g., ch-1 space stitches together ch-sp ������������������������� chain space sh ����������������������������� shell CL ����������������������������� cluster sk ������������������������������� skip cont ��������������������������� continue sl st ��������������������������� slip stitch dc ����������������������������� double crochet sm dc2tog ��������������������� double crochet 2 or sl m ��������������������� slip marker stitches together dec ��������������������������� decrease sp ����������������������������� space dtr ����������������������������� double treble crochet st ������������������������������� stitch edc ��������������������������� extended double crochet tbl ����������������������������� through back loop ehdc ������������������������� extended half tch or t-ch ��������������� turning chain double crochet tog ����������������������������� together esc ����������������������������� extended single crochet tr ������������������������������� treble crochet etr ����������������������������� extended treble crochet tr2tog ����������������������� treble crochet 2 FL stitches together or FLO ��������������������� front loop or front loop only trtr ��������������������������� triple treble crochet foll ����������������������������� following WS ��������������������������� wrong side FP ����������������������������� front post yo ����������������������������� yarn over FPdc ������������������������� front post double crochet yoh ��������������������������� yarn over hook FPdtr ������������������������� front post double treble crochet FPhdc ����������������������� front post half double crochet FPsc ������������������������� front post single crochet
1 Standards & Guidelines For Crochet and Knitting • YarnStandards.com
Terms & Common Measurements Term Description Measurement Description * ��������������� repeat the instructions following ” or in ...... inch the single asterisk as directed cm ...... centimeter * * ������������� repeat instructions between g ...... gram asterisks as many times as directed m ...... meter or repeat at specified locations mm ...... millimeter { } ������������� work instructions within brackets as many times as directed oz ...... ounce [ ] ��������������� work instructions within brackets yd ...... yard as many times as directed ( ) ��������������� work instructions within parentheses as many times as directed or work a group of stitches all in the same stitch or space
Tunisian Abbreviations
Tunisian crochet is also commonly known as Afghan Crochet. It has also been called by a variety of other names including Shepherd's Knitting, Railroad Knitting and Cro-hooking.
Abbreviation Description Abbreviation Description etss ������������������������� extended Tunisian tps ���������������������������� Tunisian purl stitch simple stitch trs ���������������������������� Tunisian reverse stitch FwP ������������������������� forward pass tsc ���������������������������� Tunisian single crochet RetP ������������������������� return pass tss ���������������������������� Tunisian simple stitch tdc ��������������������������� Tunisian double crochet tslst �������������������������� Tunisian slip stitch tfs ��������������������������� Tunisian full stitch ttr ���������������������������� Tunisian treble crochet thdc ������������������������� Tunisian half double crochet ttw �������������������������� Tunisian twisted stitch tks ����������������������������� Tunisian knit stitch
Abbreviation & Term Differences between the U.S., United Kingdom (U.K.) and Canada. U.S./Canada U.K. slip stitch (sl st) ...... slip stitch (ss) single crochet (sc) . . . . . double crochet (dc) half double crochet (hdc) . . half treble (htr) double crochet (dc) . . . . . treble (tr) treble (tr) ...... double treble (dtr) double treble (dtr) . . . . . triple treble (trtr)
U.S. U.K./Canada gauge ...... tension yarn over (yo) ...... yarn over hook (yoh)
2 StandardsCrochet & Guidelines For ChartCrochet and Knitting • YarnStandards Symbols.com
CrochetStitch charts Chart in crochet Symbols and knit patterns are being used more and more as an addition to or in place of words to describe a pattern stitch. Following are Stitchthe standardized charts in crochet crochet patterns aresymbols being used that more have and been more adopted as an addition by membersto or in place of of thewords toCraft describe Yarn a patternCouncil stitch. and Following are considered are the standardized to be the crochet clearest symbols and thateasiest have beento render adopted by membersand to read. of the ForCraft the Yarn most Council part and each are considered symbol torepresents be the clearest a stitch and easiest as it looksto render and to read. For the most part each symbol represents a stitch as it looks on the right side of the work. Always referon the to the right pattern side key of for the additional work. Alwayssymbol definitions. refer to the pattern key for additional symbol definitions. Standard Stitch Key Standard Stitch Key = chain (ch) = slip stitch (sl st) = dc3tog or = single crochet (sc)*
= 3-dc cluster = half double crochet (hdc)
= 3-hdc cluster/puff st/bobble = double crochet (dc)
= 5-dc popcorn = treble crochet (tr)
= 5-dc shell
= double treble crochet (dtr) = ch-3 picot
= front post dc (FPdc) = sc2tog
= sc3tog = back post dc (BPdc) = dc2tog = worked in back loop only** = worked in front loop only**
*Both symbols are commonly used for single crochet *Both symbols are commonly used for single crochet **Symbol appears at base of stitch being worked **Symbol appears at base of stitch being worked STANDARDS & G UID ELINES F OR CROCH ET AND KNI TTING
available at: YarnStandards.com 3 Standards & Guidelines For Crochet and Knitting • YarnStandards.com
Knitting Abbreviations Master List
Following is a list of knitting abbreviations commonly used by yarn industry designers and publishers. In addition, designers and publishers may use special abbreviations in a pattern, which you might not find on this list. Generally, a definition of special abbreviations is given at the beginning of a book or pattern. These definitions reflect U.S. knitting terminology. Abbreviation Description Abbreviation Description alt ���������������������������� alternate M1lp ������������������������ make one left purlwise; approx �������������������� approximately single left-leaning beg �������������������������� beginning purl increase bet �������������������������� between MC �������������������������� main color BO �������������������������� bind off p ������������������������������ purl byo �������������������������� backward yarn over pat or patt ��������������� pattern CC ���������������������������� contrasting color pfb ��������������������������� purl 1 into front and back of a stitch; single cn ���������������������������� cable needle purl increase CO �������������������������� cast on pm ��������������������������� place marker cont ������������������������ continue p2tog ����������������������� purl 2 stitches together; dec �������������������������� decrease single decrease dpn ������������������������ double-pointed needles prev ������������������������� previous foll ���������������������������� follow psso ������������������������� pass slipped stitch over inc ���������������������������� increase p2sso ����������������������� pass 2 slipped stitches over k ������������������������������ knit pwise ����������������������� purlwise k1B �������������������������� knit stitch in row below rem ��������������������������� remaining kfb �������������������������� knit 1 into front and back of rep ��������������������������� repeat a stitch; single knit increase rev St st ������������������� reverse stockinette stitch ksp �������������������������� knit 1 stitch, slip this stitch RH ����������������������������� right hand from right needle to left needle, pass second rnd ��������������������������� round stitch on left needle RS ����������������������������� right side over first stitch and off SKP ��������������������������� slip 1 knitwise, knit 1, pass left needle; return stitch slip stitch over knit stitch; to right needle; single single left-leaning decrease right-leaning decrease SK2P ������������������������� slip 1 knitwise, knit 2 k2tog ���������������������� knit 2 stitches together; together, pass slip single right-leaning stitch over knit 2 decrease together; double kwise ���������������������� knitwise left-leaning decrease LH ���������������������������� left hand sl ������������������������������� slip lp ���������������������������� loop sl1k ��������������������������� slip 1 knitwise m ������������������������������ marker sl1p ��������������������������� slip 1 purlwise M1 or M1K ������������ make one stitch knitwise; sl st ��������������������������� slip stitch single knit increase sm ����������������������������� slip marker M1R ������������������������ make one right; single ssk ����������������������������� slip 2 stitches knitwise, knit right-leaning knit increase these 2 stitches together M1L ������������������������ make one left; single left- through back loops; single leaning knit increase left-leaning decrease M1p ������������������������ make one purlwise; ssp ��������������������������� slip 2 stitches knitwise, single purl increase return these 2 stitches M1rp ������������������������ make one right purlwise; to left needle and purl single right-leaning them together through purl increase back loopsl; single left- leaning decrease
4 Standards & Guidelines For Crochet and Knitting • YarnStandards.com
Knitting Abbreviations Master List Continued
Abbreviation Description Abbreviation Description sssk ��������������������������� slip 3 stitches knitwise, knit st ������������������������������� stitch these 3 stitches together St st ��������������������������� stockinette stitch through back loops; double tbl ����������������������������� through back loop left-leaning decrease tfl ������������������������������� through front loop sssp ������������������������� slip 3 stitches knitwise, return these 3 stitches to tog ����������������������������� together left needle and purl these WS ����������������������������� wrong side 3 stitches together through w&t ��������������������������� wrap and turn back loops; double left- wyib ������������������������� with yarn in back leaning decrease wyif ��������������������������� with yarn in front S2KP2 ��������������������� slip 2 stitches as if to knit yb ����������������������������� yarn back 2 together, knit 1, pass yfwd or yf ��������������� yarn forward 2 slipped stitches over knit stitch; centered yo ����������������������������� yarn over double decrease yon ��������������������������� yarn over needle SSPP2 ����������������������� slip 2 stitches knitwise, yrn ��������������������������� yarn round needle return these 2 stitches to left needle and then slip them as if to p2tog through back loops, purl 1, pass 2 slipped stitches over purl stitch; centered double decrease Terms & Common Measurements Term Description Measurement Description * ��������������� repeat the instructions following ” or in ��������������������� inch the single asterisk as directed cm ��������������������������� centimeter * * ������������� repeat instructions between g ����������������������������� gram asterisks as many times as directed m ����������������������������� meter or repeat at specified locations mm ������������������������� millimeter [ ] ��������������� work instructions within brackets as many times as directed oz ��������������������������� ounce { } ��������������� work instructions within brackets yd ��������������������������� yard as many times as directed ( ) ��������������� work instructions within parentheses as many times as directed or work a group of stitches all in the same stitch or space
Abbreviation & Term Differences between the U.S. and Canada U.S. Canada bind off ...... cast off gauge ...... tension slip stitch (sl st) ...... slip stitch (ss)
5 Standards & Guidelines For Crochet and Knitting • YarnStandards.com
Knit Chart Symbols
Knit ChartStitch Symbolscharts in knit patterns are being used more and more as an addition to or in place of words Stitch chartsto describe in knit patterns a pattern are stitch.being usedFollowing more areand themore standardized as an addition knit to symbolsor in place that of wordsare commonly to used by describe amembers pattern stitch. of the Following Craft Yarn are Council, the standardized followed knitby two symbols versions that of are cable commonly symbols. used There by are a wide variety members of the Craft Yarn Council, followed by two versions of cable symbols. There are a wide variety of knit symbols used in patterns, including special symbols made for specific projects. Always refer to of knit symbols used in patterns, including special symbols made for speci c projects. Always refer to the pattern keythe for pattern variations key infor the variations knit symbols. in the For knit the symbols. most part For each the symbol most part represents each symbol a stitch representsas it looks a stitch as it on the rightlooks side on of the the rightwork. side of the work.
K on RS, p on WS
P on RS, k on WS
Yarn over
K2tog on RS, p2tog on WS
P2tog on RS, k2tog on WS
SSK on RS, SSP on WS
SSP on RS, SSK on WS
2 K1fb on RS, p1fb on WS
M Make 1 (M1) knitwise on RS, make 1 (M1) purlwise on WS
MP Make 1 (M1) purlwise on RS, make 1 (M1) knitwise on WS
MR Right-slanting make 1
ML Left-slanting make 1
Right-slanting lifted inc
Left-slanting lifted inc
Sl 1 purlwise wyb on RS, sl 1 purlwise wyf on WS
Sl 1 purlwise wyf on RS, sl 1 purlwise wyb on WS
K3tog on RS, p3tog on WS
P3tog on RS, k3tog on WS Page 1
6 Standards & Guidelines For Crochet and Knitting • YarnStandards.com
Knit Chart Symbols Continued
SK2P on RS, SSSK on RS, SSSP on WS
SSSP on RS, SSSK on WS
S2KP2 on RS, SSPP2 on WS
K1 tbl on RS, p1 tbl on WS
P1 tbl on RS, k1 tbl on WS
Bobble
Sts do not exist in these areas of chart (CMYK 15%/15%/15%/15% shade)
Inc 1-to-3
4 Inc 1-to-4
5 Inc 1-to-5
4 Dec 4-to-1 (right slanting)
4 Dec 4-to-1 (left slanting)
4 Dec 4-to-1 (centered)
5 Dec 5-to-1
2 K1, wrapping yarn twice around needle
Bind o
St rem on right needle after last BO st
Cast on
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7 Standards & Guidelines For Crochet and Knitting • YarnStandards.com
Cable Symbols
AsCable previously Symbols mentioned, there are many symbol variations, especially for cables. Below are two versions ofAs cable previously symbols mentioned, and definitions there are many commonly symbol variations, used in especially the industry. for cables. Again, Below always are two refer to the pattern key forversions additional of cable symbol symbols variations. and de nitions commonly used in the industry. Again, always refer to the pattern key for additional symbol variations.
Version 1
1/1 RC (RT) - sl 1 st onto cn, hold in back, k1, k1 from cn OR k2tog but do not drop sts from left needle, k1, drop both sts from left needle 1/1 LC (LT) - sl 1 st onto cn, hold in front, k1, k1 from cn OR with right needle behind left needle, knit 2nd st tbl, knit rst st, drop both sts from left needle
1/1 RPC - sl 1 st onto cn, hold in back, k1, p1 from cn
1/1 LPC - sl 1 st onto cn, hold in front, p1, k1 from cn
2/1 RC - sl 1 st onto cn, hold in back, k2, k1 from cn
2/1 LC - sl 2 sts onto cn, hold in front, k1, k2 from cn
2/1 RPC - sl 1 st onto cn, hold in back, k2, p1 from cn
2/1 LPC - sl 2 sts onto cn, hold in front, p1, k2 from cn
2/2 RC - sl 2 sts onto cn, hold in back, k2, k2 from cn
2/2 LC - sl 2 sts onto cn, hold in front, k2, k2 from cn
2/2 RPC - sl 2 sts onto cn, hold in back, k2, p2 from cn
2/2 LPC - sl 2 sts onto cn, hold in front, p2, k2 from cn 2/1/2 RPC - sl 2 sts onto first cn and hold in back, sl 1 st onto 2nd cn and hold in back, k2, p1 from 2nd cn, k2 from first cn 2/1/2 LPC - sl 2 sts onto first cn and hold in front, sl 1 st onto 2nd cn and hold in back, k2, p1 from 2nd cn, k2 from first cn
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8 Standards & Guidelines For Crochet and Knitting • YarnStandards.com
Cable Symbols Continued