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Common Bean Phaseolus Vulgaris (L.) -..::Egyptian Journal of Plant Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2019), 2 (3): 514 - 525 Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute www.ejppri.eg.net Field evaluation of insect pests infesting Phaseolus vulgaris and their natural enemies in Beheira Governorate Ekram, A. Abdou; Refaei, E. A. and Taha, R.A. Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. ARTICLE INFO Abstract: Article History Common bean Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) is considered one of the Received: 22/ 7/ 2019 most important leguminous vegetable crops in Egypt. Field studies Accepted: 30 / 9/2019 were conducted at El-Rahmaneia region, Beheira Governorate _______________ during 2017 and 2018 seasons on common bean (P. vulgaris). This Keywords study aimed to evaluate certain pests infesting P. vulgaris and their Survey, Phaseolus natural enemies. The crop is sown in mid of February and vulgaris, population harvested in June and second planting dates of the experiment were dynamics and Egypt carried out from September to November. The results showed that ten insect species belonging to eight families and five orders according to feeding behavior were noticed. The results recorded the major pests during two successive summer plantation 2017 and 2018. The highest total number recorded by Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae). exhibited 1100.33 individuals/25 leaves and the lowest total number recorded by Ophiomyia phaseoli (Tryon) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) as 64.33 individuals/ 25 leaves during summer season 2017 and 2018, respectively.The highest total number recorded during spring seasons during both 2017 and 2018, representedby A. craccivora being 1125.63 individuals/ 25 leaves and the lowest number of O. phaseoli being 74.00 individuals/ 25 leaves and the results noticed no significant difference between the two seasons. The results indicated that 12 species of predators belonging to eleven families were recorded. While the recorded parasitoids were 12 species in five families. The present work here recorded the highest mean number of total mines (occupied and empty) caused by Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) larvae were significantly represented higher in summer plantation (March) during 2017 and 2018 represented by 21.95 and 18.31 individuals/ 25 leaves, respectively. The parasitoids were recorded parasitized the leafminers were Opius dissitus (Muesebeck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Diglyphus isaea (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Halticoptera sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Also the persentage of parasitism of a forementioned parasitiods was studied. 514 Abdou et al., 2019 Introduction Common bean Phaseolus vulgaris caterpillars, leafhoppers and whiteflies. (L.) is an annual leguminous plant that The optimum sowing date varies belongs to the family Leguminaceae, according to the planted cultivar; the common bean is the most important grain sowing time of crop is critical factor in legume for direct human consumption determining the environmental condition with production more than twice that of at planting .Sowing date can be important the next most important grain legume, in determining the success of the crop chickpea (Gepts et al., 2008). The and in maximizing seed yield (Dapoah et common bean provides one of the most al., 2000). P. vulgaris plants are liable to important sources of protein (Boudoin be attacked by several pests. Many and Maquet, 1999 and Arulbalachandran insects belonging to the different orders, and Mullainathan, 2009) and is rich in Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and vitamins, 2 minerals and dietary fiber Thysanura as well as mite pests (Kelly and Scott, 1992 and Ndegwa et Tetranychidae attack P. vulgaris al., 2006). The immature pods of these (Awadalla et al., 1991; Berlinger, 1986; beans are also an important food source Schuster et al., 1996; Cohen and in many locations around the world, Berlinger, 1986; Schuster and Everett, 1983; where they are known as green beans, Parrella, 1987; Abd El-Gawwad, 2008; snap beans, french beans or string beans. Parrella et al., 1985 and Saleh, 2011).The They are important foods in most tropical two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus and subtropical countries of the world urticae Koch. (Acari: Tetranychidae) and they are second only to cereals as a attacks the broad range of crops food source for humans and animals including soybean, cowpea and common (Graham and Vance, 2003). Legume bean and etc. (Razmjou et al., 2009). In crops are also important for their nitrogen Egypt, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) fixing capabilities (Piha and Munns, (Diptera: Agromyzidae) causing an 1987; Keyser and Li, 1992 and economically significantly loses and Amannuel et al., 2000(, and can be used damaged to many bean crops (Shahein in crop rotation systems to improve soil and EL-Maghraby, 1988). In contrast, conditions. Nitrogen fixation by legume flower thrips start infesting at the crops offers an alternative to nitrogen vegetative stage and migrate later into fertilizers which may present a serious flower buds and flowers (Kasina et al., environmental problem (Nason and 2006). This study aimed to evaluate the Myrold, 1992 and Brentrup et al., 2001). population fluctuation of certain pests Leguminous plant species are susceptible and their natural enemies infesting P. to many biotic stresses, including attacks vulgaris. by many different insect pests and Materials and methods diseases. Pest and disease problems are Field studies were conducted at El- the major constraints tothe agricultural Rahmaneia, Beheira Governorate during productivity of the common bean, 2017 and 2018 seasons. Insect pests and particularly in the tropics (Graham and their parasitoids as well as predators were Vance, 2003). Worldwide, yield losses sampled at approximality weekly. The due to insect pests alone have been experimental area of 1/4 feddan (1050 estimated to be from 35% to 100% m2) was divided into three replicates annually (Singh and Schwartz, 2011). about (350 m2 for each). Randomized Pest problems prohibiting more extensive complete block design with three productionof legume crops include such replications was used each year. A plot diseases as brown rust, powdery mildew was made up of five rows, 4 m long at and insect pests such asaphids, spacing of 60 X 40 cm. Two seeds were 515 Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2019), 2 (3): 514 – 525 planted per hole and thinned after three Phaseolus vulgaris and their weeks after seedling emergence. Manual parasitids: weeding was done as at when found, no Stems, upper andlower surfaces of herbicide was applied. The seeds of P. all the leaves of the selected plants were vulgaris were sown in plots on the two carefully examined for leafminers during sowing dates at the mid of February and 2017-2018 seasons. Both the immature the second date on mid of August 2017 and adults were counted. The number of and 2018, respectively.The crop is sown leafminers was also recorded on 25 in the mid of February and harvested in leaves. The leaves bearing the leafminers June and second planting dates of the were collected and placed separately in experiment was from September to semi-transparent plastic boxes. The November. Samples of 25 leaves/ organisms were reared in the laboratory replicate were collected randomly at at room temperature.The samples were early morning each weekly until the reared of 1-2 weeks until the adult harvest. Numbers of insect stages, egg parasitoids emerged from their host L. and movable stages of spider mite were trifolii or Ophiomyia phaseoli (Tryon) counted and kept in paper bag and (Diptera: Agromyzidae). The emerged transferred to the laboratory to inspect wasps were carefully collected and and count the number of each transferred into 96 % ethanol for later investigated pest. The total numbers were identification. The number of leafminers recorded and the mean number was (mines and larvae) was recorded. The calculated. The insect pests encountered number of pupae from each replicates survey were collected and preserved as was recorded and counted. The adult dry specimen and the specimens were emergence of leafminers or parasitoids identified. are collected and identified as Opius 1. Survey and population density of dissitus (Muesebeck) (Hymenoptera: insects and their natural enemies: Braconidae), Diglyphus isaea (Walker) All insect pests and predators were (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and weekly counted on 25 P. vulgaris leaves Halticoptera sp. (Hymenoptera: randomly chosen. Standard sweeping Pteromalidae). insect net (35 cm in diameter cloth cone The emerging parasitoids were 75 cm long) was used for collecting counted and the percentage of parasitism flying insects or those existing on plant was calculated as followed Par. % =NP/T leaves. Twenty-five strokes every week x 100 Where NP. = number of parasitized were implemented. Direct observations larvae (pupa), T. = total number of larva were used to study the occurrence of lady or pupa. bird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Twenty-five double net strokes were syrphid flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) and taken weekly. The trapped parasitoids spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). The were transported to the laboratory in sampling procedures indicated previously polyethylene bags, separated on a white for predators continued through the plant paper sheet for identification and growth stages. The trapped arthropods counting. were transported to the laboratory in 3. Specimens identification: polyethylene bags and spread on a white Specimens' identification was done paper sheet for identification,
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