THE MASTER LIST

TERM DEFINITION W E E K AB Form Music composed with two different sections; Binary 4 ABA Form Music composed in 3 sections; the beginning and ending (A) are alike 4 and the middle (B) is different; Ternary African American Americans of African descent 13 Allegro Fast tempo 2 Alto The lowest female voice or an unchanged boy’s voice; 3 Between Soprano and Tenor Artistic To communicate emotions, ideas, experiences 11 expression EX: an orchestra performance of a symphony Asian Culture Relating to any part of China, India, and Japan and/or its people, 15 languages, and culture Ballads A kind of folk music that tells a story; also refers to a slow romantic 10 song in popular music 1. (1600 - 1750) 2. COMPOSERS: Bach, Handel, Vivaldi Baroque music 3. Development of Counterpoint and Fugue 11 4. Music is divided into sections called “movements” 5. INSTRUMENTS: harpsichord, orchestra instruments, and organ. NO PIANO. Bass The lowest male voice 3 Bass Clef A symbol used on a musical staff (five lines) to show low- sounding notes that could be sung by a bass voice or played by a 10 low-sounding instrument like a tuba or cello Remember: “All Cows Eat Grass” and “Grandpa Brown Died Friday Afternoon”

A kind of American music that comes from Spirituals and work songs Blues of African-Americans; mostly sad and slow songs 13 One family of instruments; instruments that use a metal cup-shaped Brass mouthpiece to create sound 9 EX: Trumpet, French horn, Trombone, Tuba Call and Response A soloist performs (singing or playing music) and a group gives a 4 Form musical reply; like an echo Ceremonial For rituals or celebrations EX: *a hymn played at church 7 *a college fight song played at a ball game *national anthem Music for the Cha-Cha dance Cha-cha Cha-Cha Dance: a fast ballroom dance of Latin America 16 consisting of 3 steps and a hip-swaying shuffle A two-measure pattern used in Latin American music performed 16 Clave Rhythm with claves 4/4

Two or more musical notes played or sung 3 Chords simultaneously; EX: Triads are types of Chords

1. (1750 – 1820) 2. COMPOSERS: Mozart, Beethoven, & Haydn Classical 3. Expansion of counterpoint from the Baroque 12 4. 5 Popular types of Classical Music 1. Symphony, 2. String Quartet, 3. Sonata, 4. Concerto, and 5. Chamber Music Classical Greece A Civilization that thrived around the Mediterranean Sea from 7 480 B.C. to 323 B.C. Crescendo Gradually getting louder 1 Decrescendo Gradually getting softer 1 Duration Length of time a note or rest lasts 8 The loudness or softness of music; VOLUME Dynamics EX: pianissimo, piano, mezzo piano, mezzo forte, forte, fortissimo 1 REMEMBER: “Peter Parker (pp) parked (p) my pony (mp) miles from (mf) Frankie’s (f) French Fries (ff ).” Early American – The Period of American History from early settlement 14 Civil War to the Civil War (1620 – 1861) Eighth 8 note / rest Receives 1/2 beat

Elements of music 7 Basic Parts of Music: Dynamics, Tempo, Melody, Harmony, Form, Timbre, Rhythm. 2 Remember This Saying: “Don’t Take My Horse For The Race.” European Culture Relating to any part of Europe (such as Germany, Italy, France, England, 9 etc.) and its people, languages, and culture. Flat sign 6 Sign that lowers the pitch 1/2 step

Folk music Traditional songs, passed from one generation to the next 14 Form The structure of a piece of music 4 EX: AB, ABA, Call and Response Forte Loud - f 1 Fortissimo Very Loud - ff 1 Usually emotional vocal music that started with African-American Gospel Christians in the southern U.S.; influenced the development of soul 13 music 1. Popular in the Medieval Period (450-1450) Gregorian Chant 2. Type of Ceremonial Music

3. Sacred, Religious music 9 4. Sung in Unison with No Harmony or Rhythm 5. Historically used in Roman Catholic Worship Services

Half note / rest 8 Receives 2 beats Harmony Notes played at the same time and making a pleasant musical sound; 3 Made up of CHORDS Improvisation Making up music as you go along 11 Jazz American musical styles using improvisation and complex rhythms; 13 started in New Orleans Koto Japanese musical instrument with strings stretched over a wood 15 sounding board that is plucked using picks worn on three fingers Largo Slow Tempo 2 Latin American Relating to any part of the Western Hemisphere South of the United Culture States (Mexico, Central America, South America) and / or its people, 16 languages, and culture Marches Usually a patriotic piece that is performed by a band and is often 15 performed while marching Melody The tune of a piece; the part that you sing 3 Medieval Relating to the Middle Ages of Europe from about 450 – 1450. Most music, visual art, drama, and dance were created for religious 9 purposes Mezzo forte Moderately or Medium loud – mf 1 Mezzo piano Moderately or Medium soft - mp 1 Moderato Moderate Tempo; not too fast & not too slow 2 A play with music Musical EX: “Grease”, “High School Musical”, “Hairspray”, 14 “The Sound of Music”, “Cats”, “Chicago”, etc. Natural sign Sign used to cancel out a sharp or a flat 6 notate The act of writing down music using notes and rests so others can play it. 4 One family of instruments; instruments that are struck 5 Percussion EX: Snare Drum, Tympani, Xylophone, Cymbals, etc. Pianissimo Very soft - pp 1 Piano Soft - p 1 Pitch notation Letter names, sharps, flats, & natural signs 6 Polyrhythm Two or more different rhythms played at the same time 14 The word “popular” comes from the same root as “people,” so this is 14 Popular the music that is liked by lots of people Presto Very fast 2 1. Classical Greek Period (480 B.C. – 323 B.C.) 2. A Greek Philosopher & Mathematician Pythagorean 3. Identified the relationships between music & math 7 4. Father of Music Theory 5. EXAMPLE: the length of strings are related to pitch Quarter Receives 1 beat 8 note/rest Rest Musical symbol for silence EX: 12 Recreational Entertainment for the people creating and playing the music, and those 6 listening EX: *playing the piano at home to relax *music listened to while exercising Rhythm Time signatures and rhythmic duration of music 8 Salsa Latin American dance music combining aspects of Jazz and Rock with African-Cuban melodies 16

Sharp sign Sign that raises a pitch 1/2 step # 6 Brazilian music for a samba dance Samba Samba Dance: a lively ballroom dance with string African influence Samba music is of the people. It is the lower class Afro-Brazilian 16 community and an expression of their culture. Sitar South Asian / Indian stringed instrument with a rounded body and a 15 long neck Sixteenth note or Receives 1/4 beat ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ = 1 rest 8 (4 sixteenth notes = 1 quarter note) = Soprano The highest female voice 3 Instruments that use strings to create their sounds by bowing, String plucking or strumming 7 EX: Violin, Viola, Cello, Bass, Dulcimer, Lute, Mandolin, Koto, Sitar, etc. Syncopation Shifting the accent in music so that the stress falls between the 12 strong beats; Accenting the weak beats Tempo The speed of a piece of music 2 EX: largo, moderato, allegro, presto, etc. Tenor The highest male voice 3 The way a particular instruments sounds; also referred to as “tone color” 6 Timbre EX: if an instrument sounds “screechy” (like a violin), or “cold” (like a piccolo), or “dull” (like a bass drum) Tells how many beats per measure and what kind of note equals one beat Time signature EX: 2 / 4 (two beats per measure and a quarter note gets one beat) 9 Treble clef A symbol used on a musical staff (five lines) to show high- sounding notes that could be sung by a soprano voice or played 9 by a high sounding instrument like a violin, flute, or trumpet Remember: “F A C E” and “Even George Bush Drives Fast” Triads A type of chord made up of 3 notes 3 Different musical lines divided by the highness or lowness of the voice Voice parts EX: Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass (S.A.T.B.) 3 Whole note/ rest Receives 4 beats 8 One family of musical instruments; instruments that make their sounds Woodwind by using a single reed or double reed OR by blowing air over the 6 mouthpiece EX: Piccolo, Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Bassoon, etc. All PERCUSSION PICTURES ARE PART OF WEEK 5 VOCABULARY

Xylophone

BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING INSTRUMENTS:

*Week 6 Vocabulary includes all the Woodwind Pictures

PICCOLO FLUTE

SAXOPHONE CLARINET OBOE BASSOON

*Week 9 Vocabulary includes all the Brass Pictures

*Week 7: Dulcimer, Violin, Harp *Week 15: Sitar & Koto

Dulcimer Violin Harp Sitar Koto

CUT THESE PICTURES OUT TO MAKE YOUR FLASH CARDS; *Use Scissors & Cut these pictures out NEATLY! A Glue Stick or Scotch Tape works best to adhere pictures to cards. *Adhere the PICTURE ONLY to the FRONT and the Instrument Name on the BACK.

Xylophone

LUTE HARP VIOLIN SITAR KOTO

PICCOLO FLUTE

SAXOPHONE CLARINET OBOE BASSOON