(Ldmnpv) Isolate from Heilongjiang, China
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Range Expansion of Lymantria Dispar Dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Along Its North‐Western Margin in North America Despite Low Predicted Climatic Suitability
Received: 22 December 2017 | Revised: 9 August 2018 | Accepted: 11 September 2018 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.13474 RESEARCH PAPER Range expansion of Lymantria dispar dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) along its north‐western margin in North America despite low predicted climatic suitability Marissa A. Streifel1,2 | Patrick C. Tobin3 | Aubree M. Kees1 | Brian H. Aukema1 1Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota Abstract 2Minnesota Department of Agriculture, Aim: The European gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar dispar (L.), (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) St. Paul, Minnesota is an invasive defoliator that has been expanding its range in North America follow- 3School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, ing its introduction in 1869. Here, we investigate recent range expansion into a Washington region previously predicted to be climatically unsuitable. We examine whether win- Correspondence ter severity is correlated with summer trap captures of male moths at the landscape Brian Aukema, Department of Entomology, scale, and quantify overwintering egg survivorship along a northern boundary of the University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN. Email: [email protected] invasion edge. Location: Northern Minnesota, USA. Funding information USDA APHIS, Grant/Award Number: Methods: Several winter severity metrics were defined using daily temperature data A-83114 13255; National Science from 17 weather stations across the study area. These metrics were used to explore Foundation, Grant/Award Number: – ‐ 1556111; United States Department of associations with male gypsy moth monitoring data (2004 2014). Laboratory reared Agriculture Animal Plant Health Inspection egg masses were deployed to field locations each fall for 2 years in a 2 × 2 factorial Service, Grant/Award Number: 15-8130- / × / 0577-CA; USDA Forest Service, Grant/ design (north south aspect below above snow line) to reflect microclimate varia- Award Number: 14-JV-11242303-128 tion. -
Gypsy Moth CP
INDUSTRY BIOSECURITY PLAN FOR THE NURSERY & GARDEN INDUSTRY Threat Specific Contingency Plan Gypsy moth (Asian and European strains) Lymantria dispar dispar Plant Health Australia December 2009 Disclaimer The scientific and technical content of this document is current to the date published and all efforts were made to obtain relevant and published information on the pest. New information will be included as it becomes available, or when the document is reviewed. The material contained in this publication is produced for general information only. It is not intended as professional advice on any particular matter. No person should act or fail to act on the basis of any material contained in this publication without first obtaining specific, independent professional advice. Plant Health Australia and all persons acting for Plant Health Australia in preparing this publication, expressly disclaim all and any liability to any persons in respect of anything done by any such person in reliance, whether in whole or in part, on this publication. The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of Plant Health Australia. Further information For further information regarding this contingency plan, contact Plant Health Australia through the details below. Address: Suite 5, FECCA House 4 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 Phone: +61 2 6215 7700 Fax: +61 2 6260 4321 Email: [email protected] Website: www.planthealthaustralia.com.au PHA & NGIA | Contingency Plan – Asian and European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar dispar) 1 Purpose and background of this contingency plan .............................................................. 5 2 Australian nursery industry .................................................................................................... 5 3 Eradication or containment determination ............................................................................ 6 4 Pest information/status .......................................................................................................... -
Gypsy Moths (Lymantria Spp.) Gypsy Moths Are an Exotic Plant Pest Not Present in Australia
Fact sheet Gypsy moths (Lymantria spp.) Gypsy moths are an exotic plant pest not present in Australia. Originating from China and Far East Russia the Asian gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar asiatica) has now spread and established in Korea, Japan and Europe. The European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar dispar) which originated from southern Europe and Northern Africa has spread to North America. Gypsy moths pose a high biosecurity risk to Australia because of their tendency to hitchhike and their high reproductive rate. If gypsy moths established in Australia they would be extremely difficult and expensive to manage, partly because of their broad host range. European strains of the gypsy moth hold great potential for damage to commercial radiata pine plantations where Asian gypsy moth female [40-70 mm] (top) male 30-40 mm (bottom) this species is utilised in plantation forestry, such as in Photo: USDA APHIS PPQ Archive, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org New Zealand or Australia. How will it get here? There is a high risk of exotic gypsy moths arriving on ships carrying cargo containers. The gypsy moth is attracted to light, so there is the potential for eggs to be deposited on ships, aircraft and vehicles at brightly lit urban parking lots, airports and seaports. The likelihood of gypsy moth being transported to Australia from any particular country is dependent on a number of factors such as volume of trade, previous ports of call and number of passengers. The four main potential gypsy moth entry pathways identified are imported vehicles and machinery, cargo containers, sea vessels and aircraft, and military equipment. -
Effects of Rearing Density on Developmental Traits of Two Different Biotypes of the Gypsy Moth, Lymantria Dispar L., from China and the USA
insects Communication Effects of Rearing Density on Developmental Traits of Two Different Biotypes of the Gypsy Moth, Lymantria Dispar L., from China and the USA Yiming Wang 1, Robert L. Harrison 2 and Juan Shi 1,* 1 Sino-France Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; [email protected] 2 Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-13011833628; Fax: +86-10-62336423 Simple Summary: The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, is a forest pest that is grouped into two biotypes: the European gypsy moth (EGM), found in Europe and North America; and the Asian gypsy moth (AGM), found in China, Russia, Korea, and Japan. Outbreaks of this pest result in high-density populations of larvae that can cause enormous damage to trees and forests. Studies have identified an influence of larval population density on gypsy moth development, but it is not known how EGM and AGM populations differ in their response to changing larval densities. We examined the effects of varying larval density on three colonies established from one EGM population and two AGM populations. All three colonies exhibited an optimal degree of larval survival and optimal rates of pupation and adult emergence at an intermediate density of five larvae/rearing container. The duration of larval development was fastest at the same intermediate density for all three colonies. Although differences in larval development time, survival, pupation and emergence were observed among the three colonies under the conditions of our study, our findings indicate Citation: Wang, Y.; Harrison, R.L.; that density-dependent effects on the development of different gypsy moth biotypes follow the Shi, J. -
Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) to Traps Baited with (+)-Xylinalure in Jiangxi Province, China1
Life: The Excitement of Biology 1 (2) 95 Attraction of male Lymantria schaeferi Schintlmeister (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) to traps baited with (+)-xylinalure in Jiangxi Province, China1 Paul W. Schaefer2, Ming Jiang3, Regine Gries4, Gerhard Gries4, and Jinquan Wu5 Abstract: Our objective was to investigate potential sex attractants for Lymantria schaeferi Schintlmeister (Lexpidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae). In a field trapping experiment deployed in the Wuyi Mountains near Xipaihe, Jiangxi Province, China, traps were baited with synthetic sex pheromone of congeners L. dispar [(+)-disparlure], L. xylina [(+)-xylinalure] or L. monacha [a blend of (+)-disparlure, (+)-monachalure and 2-methyl-Z7-octadecene]. Traps baited with (+)- xylinalure captured 24 males of L. schaeferi, whereas traps baited with (+)-disparlure captured two males of L. dispar asiatica. These findings support molecular evidence that L. schaeferi is more closely related to L. xylina, which uses (+)-xylinalure for sexual communication, than it is to L. dispar asiatica, which uses (+)-disparlure for sexual communication. These findings also support the conclusion that L. schaeferi and L. dispar asiatica are sympatric in the Wuyi Mountains. Key Words: Sex pheromone, small sticky traps, Wuyi Mountains, forest habitat, Lymantria xylina, Lymantria dispar asiatica, disparlure Little is known about the life history and behavior of Lymantria schaeferi Schintlmeister. This is due, in part, to its recent recognition as a new species (Schintlmeister, 2004) and earlier confusion of a moth population in China with a moth population in India identified as Lymantria incerta Walker (Chao, 1994; Zhao 2003). Erroneous reports (deWaard et al. 2010) that L. xylina Swinhoe in China was described as L. schaeferi by Schintlmeister (2004) have added to this confusion. -
A Revision of the Japanese Lymantriidae (Ii)
Jap. J. M. Sc. & Biol., 10, 187-219, 1957 A REVISION OF THE JAPANESE LYMANTRIIDAE (II) HIROSHI INOUE1) Eiko-Gakuen, Funakoshi, Yokosuka2) (Received: April 13th, 1957) Genus Lymantria Hubner Lymantria Hubner, 1819, p. 160; Hampson, 1892, p. 459; Strand, 1911, p. 126; id., 1915, p. 320; Pierce & Beirne, 1941, p. 43. Liparis Ochsenheimer, 1810, p. 186 (nec Scopoli, 1777). Porthetria Hubner, 1819, p. 160. Enome Walker, 1855b, p. 883. •¬ genitalia : uncus hooked; valva fused, variable in shape, almost always produced into an arm; aedoeagus simple; j uxta a moderately broad plate ; cornutus wanting. From the structure of male genitalia the Japanese representatives may be divided into the following groups: Group 1: dis par subspp., xylina subspp. Uncus narrow, long, valva with costal half extended as an arm, its inner surface without ampulla. Group 2: lucescens, monacha. Uncus broad, short, valva with costa ex- tended as an arm, inner surface with ampulla. Group 3: minomonis. Uncus as in group 2, valva with costal arm broad and short, inner surface with complicated ampulla. Group 4 : f umida. Uncus as in the preceding, valva fused, apex produced into an arm, ampulla a large plate. Group 5: bantaizana. Uncus as in the preceding group, valva with a long arm from apex, ampulla large, triangular. Group 6: mat hura aurora. Uncus as in the preceding group, valva forked, tegumen with dorso-lateral margin strongly extended as a •gpseudo-valva•h. 26. L. dispar (Linne) (Maimai-ga, Shiroshita-maimai) Phalaena Bombyx dispar L., 1758, p. 501. Lymantria dispar Staudinger, 1901, p. 117; Strand, 1911, p. 127; Goldschmidt, 1940, p. -
Baculovirus Enhancins and Their Role in Viral Pathogenicity
9 Baculovirus Enhancins and Their Role in Viral Pathogenicity James M. Slavicek USDA Forest Service USA 1. Introduction Baculoviruses are a large group of viruses pathogenic to arthropods, primarily insects from the order Lepidoptera and also insects in the orders Hymenoptera and Diptera (Moscardi 1999; Herniou & Jehle, 2007). Baculoviruses have been used to control insect pests on agricultural crops and forests around the world (Moscardi, 1999; Szewczk et al., 2006, 2009; Erlandson 2008). Efforts have been ongoing for the last two decades to develop strains of baculoviruses with greater potency or other attributes to decrease the cost of their use through a lower cost of production or application. Early efforts focused on the insertion of foreign genes into the genomes of baculoviruses that would increase viral killing speed for use to control agricultural insect pests (Black et al., 1997; Bonning & Hammock, 1996). More recently, research efforts have focused on viral genes that are involved in the initial and early processes of infection and host factors that impede successful infection (Rohrmann, 2011). The enhancins are proteins produced by some baculoviruses that are involved in one of the earliest events of host infection. This article provides a review of baculovirus enhancins and their role in the earliest phases of viral infection. 2. Lepidopteran specific baculoviruses The Baculoviridae are divided into four genera: the Alphabaculovirus (lepidopteran-specific nucleopolyhedroviruses, NPV), Betabaculovirus (lepidopteran specific Granuloviruses, GV), Gammabaculovirus (hymenopteran-specific NPV), and Deltabaculovirus (dipteran-specific NPV) (Jehle et al., 2006). Baculoviruses are arthropod-specific viruses with rod-shaped nucleocapsids ranging in size from 30-60 nm x 250-300 nm. -
Balkan Butterflies
Balkan Butterflies Holiday Report 21 -28 June 2014 Led by Julian Dowding & Sotiris Alexiou Greenwings Wildlife Holidays Tel: 01473 436096 Web: www.greenwings.co Email: [email protected] ©Greenwings 2014 Introduction Our holiday was based in the area of Mount Chelmos of the Aroanian Mountain Range in the Peloponnese, southern Greece. The limestone soils and strata of Chelmos have been well weathered over millions of years creating steep calcareous cliffs and screes, the impressive gorges, and the mythical waters of the Styx immortalized in Greek mythology as the boundary between the Earth and Hades. This landscape is characterized by a wilderness of mainly pine and fir forested slopes, grass plateaux and river valleys, all home to a large number of butterflies, moths and other flora and fauna. The area is renowned for many endemic and iconic species, such as Chelmos Blue, Odd-spot Blue and Pontic Blue. During the week, we stayed in Kalavryta, a little town situated in the foothills of Chelmos, ideally suited to exploring the wider area. Greenwings welcomed 7 guests on this holiday: Malcolm, John A, Robert, Tony, John W, Jeremy and Sheila, for an enjoyable week spent observing butterflies in the magical landscape of this part of Greece. The weather during the week was very warm and perfect for butterflies, with temperatures ranging from the mid 20’s at higher altitudes up to the mid 30’s at lower altitudes. This was something we were rather thankful for because we’d been told that spring and summer had been late coming to Chelmos, with an above average amount of inclement weather and the first truly settled period only appearing during the week of our stay. -
Expansion of Lines and Species-Specific DNA Repeats
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Expansion of LINEs and species- specifc DNA repeats drives genome expansion in Asian Gypsy Moths Francois Olivier Hebert 1*, Luca Freschi1, Gwylim Blackburn1, Catherine Béliveau2, Ken Dewar3, Brian Boyle1, Dawn E. Gundersen-Rindal4, Michael E. Sparks4, Michel Cusson 1,2, Richard C. Hamelin1,5 & Roger C. Levesque 1 Two subspecies of Asian gypsy moth (AGM), Lymantria dispar asiatica and L. dispar japonica, pose a serious alien invasive threat to North American forests. Despite decades of research on the ecology and biology of this pest, limited AGM-specifc genomic resources are currently available. Here, we report on the genome sequences and functional content of these AGM subspecies. The genomes of L.d. asiatica and L.d. japonica are the largest lepidopteran genomes sequenced to date, totaling 921 and 999 megabases, respectively. Large genome size in these subspecies is driven by the accumulation of specifc classes of repeats. Genome-wide metabolic pathway reconstructions suggest strong genomic signatures of energy-related pathways in both subspecies, dominated by metabolic functions related to thermogenesis. The genome sequences reported here will provide tools for probing the molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic traits that are thought to enhance AGM invasiveness. North American forests face unprecedented threats from multiple Forest Invasive Alien Species (FIAS) that can potentially cause large-scale disturbances and major biological, social, and economic impacts. One of the most threatening FIAS currently identifed in Canada and the United States is the Asian gypsy moth (AGM). Te term AGM refers to a group of closely related species of Lymantria moths (order Lepidoptera), including L. -
Gut Bacterial Communities of Lymantria Xylina and Their Associations with Host Development and Diet
microorganisms Article Gut Bacterial Communities of Lymantria xylina and Their Associations with Host Development and Diet Qiuyu Ma 1,2,†, Yonghong Cui 1,2,†, Xu Chu 1,2, Guoqiang Li 1,2, Meijiao Yang 1,2, Rong Wang 1,2 , Guanghong Liang 1,2, Songqing Wu 1,2, Mulualem Tigabu 3 , Feiping Zhang 1,2 and Xia Hu 1,2,* 1 International Joint Laboratory of Forest Symbiology, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; [email protected] (Q.M.); [email protected] (Y.C.); [email protected] (X.C.); [email protected] (G.L.); [email protected] (M.Y.); [email protected] (R.W.); [email protected] (G.L.); [email protected] (S.W.); [email protected] (F.Z.) 2 Key Laboratory of Integrated, Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China 3 Southern Swedish Forest Research Center, Faculty of Forest Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-591-8378-0261 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: The gut microbiota of insects has a wide range of effects on host nutrition, physiology, and behavior. The structure of gut microbiota may also be shaped by their environment, causing them to adjust to their hosts; thus, the objective of this study was to examine variations in the morphological traits and gut microbiota of Lymantria xylina in response to natural and artificial diets using high-throughput sequencing. Regarding morphology, the head widths for larvae fed on a Citation: Ma, Q.; Cui, Y.; Chu, X.; Li, sterilized artificial diet were smaller than for larvae fed on a non-sterilized host-plant diet in the G.; Yang, M.; Wang, R.; Liang, G.; Wu, early instars. -
Divergent Behavioural Responses of Gypsy Moth
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Divergent behavioural responses of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) caterpillars from three diferent Received: 5 March 2019 Accepted: 29 May 2019 subspecies to potential host trees Published: xx xx xxxx Andrea Clavijo McCormick1,2, Luca Arrigo2, Helen Eggenberger2, Mark C. Mescher 2 & Consuelo M. De Moraes 2 Almost all previous work on host-plant selection by insect herbivores has focused on adult behaviour; however, immature life stages can also play an active role in host discrimination. The important forest pest Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) has three recognised subspecies: the European, Asian, and Japanese gypsy moth. Unlike the other two subspecies, the European subspecies is characterised by a loss of female fight ability, which might impose a selective pressure on larvae to actively engage in host-plant selection. We therefore explored the interactions of early-instar larvae from laboratory colonies of each subspecies with four potential hosts of difering quality: oak, beech, maple, and pine— measuring larval survival and performance, feeding preferences, responses to host-derived odour cues, and the propensity to disperse from hosts via ballooning. Compared to larvae from the Asian and Japanese subspecies, larvae from the (American-originated) European gypsy moth colony exhibited (i) signifcantly lower survival on the poorest quality host (pine), (ii) an ability to discriminate among hosts via olfactory cues; and (iii) higher propensity to disperse from sub-optimal hosts. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that larvae from fightless female European Gypsy moth subspecies play a more active role in host-plant selection. Te behavioural and sensory mechanisms by which insect herbivores locate and select among potential host plants have been extensively documented1–6. -
July 2021 Newsletter
News from the BRANCHES! Newsletter July 2021 Volume 2: Issue 7 Like us on Facebook, View us on Instagram, Follow us on Twitter @ BTVTrees View from the Tree Tops “I told you so!” …I was always scolded not to say that, but I couldn’t resist. Back in the December newsletter, readers were alerted to building gypsy moth populations, and were encouraged to check their favorite trees for egg masses. Well, our worst nightmare has come true. People around Chittenden County and beyond are reporting thousands of caterpillars defo- liating their trees and crawling up the sides of their homes. Removing eggs from a few pet trees wouldn’t have prevented the outbreak, but might have protected young trees in peoples’ front yards from defoliation. This is the first outbreak in about 30 years, and may be linked to the high summer tem- peratures and drought conditions over the last few years. These extreme conditions may have reduced the inoculum of the fungus (Entomophaga maimaiga), the biocontrol largely attributed to keeping populations low for so long. Could this be an indirect effect of climate change? Or maybe gypsy moth has developed resistance. Research is needed to determine the causes. One thing is certain though, even serious pests that have seemingly “disap- peared” are often lurking behind the scenes, waiting to take advantage of our short memories. We must remain vigilant, looking out for new invasives, as well as those that have been here for years. Unexpected consequences asso- ciated with a changing climate may lead to other outbreaks in the future.