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Geographic Issues of the 21St Century Senior 2 Social Studies Geographic Issues of the 21st Century Manitoba Curriculum Framework of Outcomes and A Foundation for Implementation SENIOR 2 SOCIAL STUDIES: GEOGRAPHIC ISSUES OF THE 21ST CENTURY Manitoba Curriculum Framework of Outcomes and A Foundation for Implementation 2006 Manitoba Education, Citizenship and Youth Manitoba Education, Citizenship and Youth Cataloguing in Publication Data 910 Senior 2 social studies : geographic issues of the 21st century : Manitoba curriculum framework of outcomes and a foundation for implementation Includes bibliographical references. ISBN-13: 0-978-0-7711-3589-7 ISBN-10: 0-7711-3589-0 1. Geography—Study and teaching (Secondary). 2. Geography—Study and teaching (Secondary)—Manitoba. 3. Social sciences—Study and teaching (Secondary). 4. Social sciences—Study and teaching (Secondary)— Manitoba. 5. Canada—Geography—Study and teaching (Secondary). I. Manitoba. Manitoba Education, Citizenship and Youth. II. Geographic issues of the 21st century : Manitoba curriculum framework of outcomes and a foundation for implementation. Copyright © 2006, the Crown in Right of Manitoba as represented by the Minister of Education, Citizenship and Youth. Manitoba Education, Citizenship and Youth, School Programs Division, 1970 Ness Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3J 0Y9. Every effort has been made to acknowledge original sources and to comply with copyright law. If cases are identified where this has not been done, please notify Manitoba Education, Citizenship and Youth. Errors or omissions will be corrected in a future edition. Sincere thanks to the authors and publishers who allowed their original material to be adapted or reproduced. Some images © 2006 www.clipart.com Geographic Issues of the 21st Century SENIOR Acknowledgements 2 Manitoba Education, Citizenship and Youth gratefully acknowledges the contributions of the following individuals in the development of Senior 2 Social Studies: Geographic Issues of the 21st Century, Manitoba Curriculum Framework of Outcomes and A Foundation for Implementation. Principal Writers Al Friesen Neelin High School Brandon S.D. Linda McDowell Education Program University of Winnipeg Development Team for Senior 2 Social Studies: Geographic Issues of the 21st Century: A Foundation for Implementation Ken Corley Vincent Massey Collegiate Pembina Trails S.D. Al Friesen Neelin High School Brandon S.D. Gary Nunn John Taylor Collegiate St. James-Assiniboia S.D. Arlin Scharfenberg Rosenort School Red River Valley S.D. Connie Wyatt Anderson Joe A. Ross School Opaskwayak Education Authority (Band Operated) Manitoba Framework Development Team Kindergarten to Grade 4 Norma Armstrong Bairdmore School Pembina Trails S.D. Lynne Courtemanche École Laura-Secord Winnipeg S.D. Sophia de Witt Crestview School St. James-Assiniboia S.D. Craig Laluk École MacNeill Mountain View S.D. Nina Logan Beaumont School Pembina Trails S.D. Sharon Conway Aboriginal Curriculum Support Teacher Winnipeg S.D. Saira Rahman Alhijra Islamic School Independent Islamic School Yolande Tétrault École Saint-Joachim Division scolaire franco-manitobaine Grades 5 to 8 Emanuel Calisto West St. Paul School Seven Oaks S.D. Wayne Davies Selkirk Junior High Lord Selkirk S.D. Gordon Jones Virden Junior High Fort la Bosse S.D. Mervin McKay Eastwood School Mystery Lake S.D. Ron Munro Independent Consultant Huguette Phaneuf Collège Louis-Riel Division scolaire franco-manitobaine Myron Tarasiuk R.F. Morrison School Seven Oaks S.D. 3 SENIOR Geographic Issues of the 21st Century 2 Acknowledgements Senior 1 to Senior 4 Cécile Alarie-Skene Collège Jeanne-Sauvé Louis Riel S.D. Jean-Paul Bergeron Collège Churchill Winnipeg S.D. Peter Bjornson Gimli High School Evergreen S.D. Georges Druwé Independent Consultant Al Friesen Neelin High School Brandon S.D. Linda McDowell Independent Consultant Claude Michaud École Pointe-des-Chênes Division scolaire franco-manitobaine Gareth Neufeld River East Collegiate River East Transcona S.D. Arlin Scharfenberg Rosenort School Red River Valley S.D. Natalie Tays Neyo Ohtinwak Collegiate Nelson House (Band Operated) Academic Advisors Robin Brownlie Professor of History University of Manitoba Luc Coté Professor of History Collège universitaire de Saint- Boniface Richard Harbeck Professor of Education University of Manitoba Bill Norton Professor of Geography University of Manitoba Ken Osborne Professor Emeritus, Faculty of Education University of Manitoba Manitoba Social Studies Steering Committee Linda Connor Joseph Wolinsky Collegiate Independent Arnold Dysart Manitoba Association Frontier S.D. of School Superintendents Darcy Kowalchuk Strathclair Community School Park West S.D. John Orlikow Manitoba Association Winnipeg S.D. of School Trustees Alan Mason Manitoba Teachers’ Society Pembina Trails S.D. Linda McDowell Faculty of Education University of Winnipeg Mervin McKay Wapanohk-Eastwood Mystery Lake S.D. Community School Sharon Moolchan Mapleton School Lord Selkirk S.D. Dave Najduch Manitoba Social Science Winnipeg S.D. Teachers’ Association Bill Norton Department of Geography University of Manitoba Synthia Wright Meadows School Brandon S.D. Doug Zintel Manitoba Association Louis Riel S.D. of Parent Councils 4 Geographic Issues of the 21st Century SENIOR Acknowledgements 2 Manitoba Cultural Advisory Team Oscar Calix Manitoba Association of Teachers of Spanish Gemma Dalayoan Manitoba Association of Filipino Teachers Winnipeg S.D. Diane Dwarka School Programs Division Manitoba Education, Citizenship and Youth Jody Hagarty Colony Educators of Manitoba Border Land S.D. Rick Hesch Social Planning Council of Winnipeg Beryle Mae Jones Manitoba Multicultural Resource Centre and Canadian Citizenship Federation Byron Jones Black Educators Association of Manitoba River East Transcona S.D. Walter Kampen Manitoba Teachers of German River East Transcona S.D. Manju Lodha Manitoba Association for Multicultural Education Glenn Matsumoto Manitoba Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre River East Transcona S.D. Valerie Price Manitoba Association for Rights and Liberties Saira Rahman Manitoba Islamic Association Myron Tarasiuk Manitoba Teachers of Ukrainian James Teoh Winnipeg Chinese Cultural Centre Hersch Zentner B’nai Brith Canada, League for Human Rights Manitoba Education, Citizenship and Youth Staff Bruce Backhouse Consultant Distance Learning and Information Technologies Unit Instruction, Curriculum and Assessment Branch Diane Cooley Coordinator Development Unit (until September 2004) Instruction, Curriculum and Assessment Branch Lee-Ila Bothe Coordinator Document Production Services Instruction, Curriculum and Assessment Branch Renée Gillis Consultant Bureau de l’éducation française manitobaine Division Ken Horton Consultant Test Development Unit Instruction, Curriculum and Assessment Branch Larry Labelle Consultant Development Unit Instruction, Curriculum and Assessment Branch Ray Lavery Project Leader Development Unit Instruction, Curriculum and Assessment Branch Linda Mlodzinski Project Leader Development Unit Instruction, Curriculum and Assessment Branch 5 SENIOR Geographic Issues of the 21st Century 2 Acknowledgements Grant Moore Publications Editor Document Production Services Instruction, Curriculum and Assessment Branch Aileen Najduch A/Coordinator Development Unit (since October 2004) Instruction, Curriculum and Assessment Branch Linda Palma Administrative Assistant Development Unit Instruction, Curriculum and Assessment Branch Cyril Parent Desktop Publisher Document Production Services Instruction, Curriculum and Assessment Branch Tim Pohl Desktop Publisher Document Production Services Instruction, Curriculum and Assessment Branch 6 Geographic Issues of the 21st Century SENIOR Contents 2 Acknowledgements 3 Contents 7 Section 1: Introduction 9 Section 2: Kindergarten to Senior 4 Social Studies: Overview 43 Section 3: Planning for Teaching and Learning 59 Section 4: Geographic Issues of the 21st Century 77 Cluster 1: Geographic Literacy 85 Cluster 2: Natural Resources 137 Cluster 3: Food from the Land 177 Cluster 4: Industry and Trade 227 Cluster 5: Urban Places 265 Appendices Appendix A: Content-Area Vocabulary Study Strategies Appendix B: Cluster Blackline Masters Appendix C: General Blackline Masters Appendix D: Teacher Notes Appendix E: Glossary Appendix F: Recommended Learning Resources Appendix G: Outcomes Tracking Sheets Appendix H: Bibliography 7 SECTION 1: SENIOR INTRODUCTION 2 Geographic Issues of the 21st Century SENIOR Introduction 2 SOCIAL STUDIES IN MANITOBA—A KINDERGARTEN TO SENIOR 4 OVERVIEW Definition ocial studies is the study of people in relation to each other and to the world in which they live. In Manitoba, social Sstudies comprises the disciplines of history and geography, draws upon the social sciences, and integrates relevant content from the humanities. As a study of human beings in their physical, social, and cultural environments, social studies examines the past and present and looks toward the future. Social studies helps students acquire the skills, knowledge, and values necessary to become active democratic citizens and contributing members of their communities, locally, nationally, and globally. Geography Geography is the study of space. It examines the location and distribution of people, places, and processes from an interdisciplinary perspective. There are two main branches of geography: physical and human. Vision Social studies has at its foundation the concepts of citizenship and identity in the Canadian and global contexts. Intended to reflect the many voices
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