Service Review of Network Music Radio (Radio 1, Radio 2, Radio 3, 6 Music, 1Xtra, Asian Network)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Submission to BBC Trust Service Review of Network Music Radio (Radio 1, Radio 2, Radio 3, 6 Music, 1Xtra, Asian Network) from November 2014 INTRODUCTION This paper should be seen in conjunction with a submission to the BBC Trust from Classic FM’s parent company Global and also from RadioCentre. It focuses on BBC Radio 3 and its exceptional role in broadcasting and commissioning classical music. BBC Radio 3 holds a unique position in the British broadcasting landscape. Its strength in the past has been in its ability to use this unique position, with the safety net of generous public funding, to create bold, distinctive, brave programming, unfettered by the need to deliver audiences to advertisers. With a guaranteed income from the Licence Fee, BBC Radio 3 operates in common with other BBC services, without any fear of commercial failure. The position of BBC Radio 3 in the marketplace means that the BBC occupies a potentially market-distorting role in terms of the commissioning, broadcast and promotion of live classical music in the UK, either on radio or via digital online broadcasts. SUMMARY The BBC must have greater regard for the impact of BBC Radio 3 on the market place and on the classical music eco-system in the UK. In future, the BBC should enforce far tighter content requirements on publicly subsidised services such as BBC Radio 3, with far greater regard to the overall competitive broadcast marketplace when programming changes are made. Alone among any BBC radio or television service, it can be argued that BBC Radio 3’s uniquely guaranteed funding, along with the concentration of power in the hands of the station’s Controller, is unprecedented in any other area of broadcasting or the arts in the UK. Not only is this role editorially and financially responsible for the radio network, but the holder of the post is also the largest commissioner of classical music in the UK, controls the UK’s biggest live classical music festival (The BBC Proms) and is responsible for the five BBC Orchestras and the BBC Singers. We hope that, with the benefit of hindsight, the BBC Trust will recognise and acknowledge the detrimental effect of its last service review of BBC Radio 3 on the UK’s classical music broadcast landscape and that it will give serious consideration to ensuring that this current review rights those wrongs. Given the amount of public money available to BBC Radio 3’s management, it is imperative that this funding is invested to augment and widen the artistic depth and breadth of classical music broadcasting in the UK, rather than in replicating the service already provided by Classic FM, the BBC’s only commercial competitor in this area. We would also welcome a new funding mechanism, which allows a far wider dissemination of classical music content from orchestras funded by the Arts Council. This could be through a public service fund, provided by a proportion of the licence fee, which allows commercial services to broadcast cultural events (such as live classical music concerts). This mechanism would ensure that these events reach a far wider audience, thereby making the ratio of public subsidy to audience reached far more economically justifiable. Finally, any incursions into digital delivery of classical music by the BBC – either via Radio 3 or through other means should be closely monitored and controlled. At present, these appear to be unfettered. !PROGRAMMING CHANGES This submission summarises the effect of recent programme changes at BBC Radio 3. It will argue that although each of these changes may on its own be regarded as being relatively minor, when taken cumulatively over a sustained period, they have profoundly affected both the character and the content of BBC Radio 3’s service. In the process, this has resulted in a significant change to the classical music radio landscape in the UK, with the serious erosion of listener choice in key dayparts being the principal outcome. According to BBC Radio 3’s latest Service Licence, issued by the BBC Trust in April 2014: “The remit of Radio 3 is to offer a mix of music and cultural programming in order to engage and entertain its audience… Radio 3’s programmes should exhibit some or all of the following characteristics: high quality, original, challenging, innovative and engaging, and it should nurture UK talent… The service should aim to educate audiences about music, broadcasting a wide range of programmes that expose listeners to new and sometimes challenging material they may not otherwise experience.” The past few years have seen a series of major programming changes to the style and content of BBC Radio 3’s output. These changes have not been introduced all at once in one bold move. Rather, it is apparent that there has been a creeping popularisation of BBC Radio 3’s output over the past few years, with the effect that the clear gap between it and Classic FM has been gradually eroded, with the BBC station moving inexorably towards the position which has traditionally been occupied by its commercial competitor. These changes have included (but are not limited to): • An increase in the number of shorter works or extracts of works during the peak breakfast and drive periods, with a reduction in the number of multi- movement pieces being played in full. This change took place during the latter period of the life of the Morning on Three programme and was completed with the launch of the new Breakfast programme between 06:30 and 09:00 from September 2011. This new programme follows a format, which is extremely close to that of Classic FM. • A new focus on ‘lighter’ repertoire, including increased airplay for film soundtracks within stripped sequence programmes (these are programmes where a series of CD recordings are played one after another with short excerpts of speech in between each track). This is evident in the playlists for the new Breakfast programme, which launched in September 2011. • Far greater interaction from listeners, including requests, dedications and on- air telephone calls. The listener interaction, which has been a hallmark of Classic FM’s programming for many years, was distinctively absent from BBC Radio 3’s output, but it has now become a mainstay of the new Breakfast programme, with on air telephone calls from listeners also being introduced towards the end of 2011. This again follows a format which has formed a major part of Classic FM’s output since as long ago as 1997. • The introduction of features and special programming pioneered by Classic FM in the area of classical music radio. These include: • A ‘CD of the Week’ on the new Essential Classics morning programme (launched in September 2011). This has been an established feature on Classic FM’s morning programme since the station’s launch in 1992. • The introduction of a weekly album sales chart by BBC Radio 3 at the beginning of 2010. Classic FM pioneered a classical album sales chart when it launched in 1992. This format has now been copied by BBC Radio 3. • The introduction of listener voted polls to BBC Radio 3 (e.g. The Nation’s Favourite Aria in 2011). Again, this has been a format, which has been a central part of Classic FM’s output, with the annual Classic FM Hall of Fame poll running since 1996. • The introduction of daily interactive Listener Request programmes (eg during The Genius of Mozart season at the beginning of 2011). • The introduction of a new film music programme on Saturday afternoons at 4pm in September 2013 – just one hour before Classic FM broadcasts its own longstanding two-hour film music programme at 5pm. • A reduction in specialist jazz programmes during daytime hours, with jazz and world music being marginalised to late night slots. This is particularly marked in the case of jazz, which had five specialist programmes across the week, including one on a weekday afternoon. With the exception of two hours on a Saturday afternoon, jazz has now completely been relegated to a late night off-peak slot. • The ending of dedicated daily children’s classical music programming. • The Saturday afternoon World Routes programme – a unique proposition in UK radio, featuring music from around the world, was abandoned altogether in September 2013. • Radio 3’s commitment to a specialist Early Music programme was halved in September 2013. • The extension of classical music concert programming between 9pm and 10pm, with a consequent removal of speech-based programming from this hour. (This is a time when Classic FM has consistently broadcast long-form full works content, so in effect, BBC Radio 3 has moved to offer the same style of programming as Classic FM at this time, thereby reducing listener choice). • Radio 3’s Sunday night drama output was moved into a late night slot in September 2013, to be replaced by classical music content – once again directly reducing listener choice. THE EFFECT OF THE LAST BBC TRUST SERVICE REVIEW The BBC Trust’s last review of BBC Radio 3’s output appeared to give the BBC Management carte blanche to make significant changes to the network’s on air programming, the net effect of which has been to directly reduce programming choice for listeners to classical music radio in the UK. We appreciate that it may well not have been the intention of the BBC Trust for this to happen – but there is little doubt that BBC Management chose to interpret the BBC Trust’s words in a way that enabled them to use their Licence Fee funding to directly move Radio 3’s output closer towards that of Classic FM.