SOUTH ASIAN and (UNDOCUMENTED) LATINO/A IMMIGRANT BLOGGERS: a CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS of THEIR ENGAGEMENT with IMMIGRATION DISCOURSES Anjana Mudambi
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University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Communication ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 7-1-2012 SOUTH ASIAN AND (UNDOCUMENTED) LATINO/A IMMIGRANT BLOGGERS: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH IMMIGRATION DISCOURSES Anjana Mudambi Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cj_etds Recommended Citation Mudambi, Anjana. "SOUTH ASIAN AND (UNDOCUMENTED) LATINO/A IMMIGRANT BLOGGERS: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH IMMIGRATION DISCOURSES." (2012). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cj_etds/34 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Communication ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Anjana Mudambi Candidate Communication and Journalism Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Mary Jane Collier , Chairperson Janet Cramer Ilia Rodríguez Karma Chávez i SOUTH ASIAN AND (UNDOCUMENTED) LATINO/A IMMIGRANT BLOGGERS: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH IMMIGRATION DISCOURSES BY ANJANA MUDAMBI B.A.L.L.B. (Hons.), National Law School of India University, 2003 M.A., Communication, Ohio University, 2004 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Communication The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico July, 2012 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Mary Jane Collier for the countless hours she spent working with me—talking through ideas, listening to what I had to say, conceptualizing this project, reading and editing so many drafts. Your work ethic and commitment to your students are both inspirational and contagious, and you have made me a better scholar, theorist, and writer. You have had faith in me since the beginning, and I am so grateful that you were willing to accept me as your advisee. I was also blessed to have a wonderful committee. Dr. Janet Cramer, your class introduced me to the world of Cultural Studies and you pushed me to complicate my understanding of agency! I thank you for your unwavering support and encouragement. Dr. Ilia Rodríguez, you not only taught me about methods but you always gave me new and insightful ways to look at things. I could always count on you for your optimism and reassurance. And Dr. Karma Chávez, your class was instrumental to the writing of my dissertation, and I appreciate the ways in which you have always challenged me and cheered me on. I have learned so much from each of you. I must also thank Dr. Nagesh Rao who first saw the potential in me to become a communication scholar. I will always be grateful for those initial phone calls you made to me when I was an undergraduate student in Bangalore! Even through the distance, your innate warmth shone through to persuade me to come to Ohio, which ultimately set me on this path. Who could have predicted that someday you, Saumya, and the kids would become like family to me here in Albuquerque, if only for a short time? I thank my friends and colleagues from C&J who have offered great company and conversations and who have laughed and cried with me through the years. I must iii specifically thank Connie and Willow—you have been travelers alongside me on this journey from the beginning and we have become like sisters in the process. Last, but not least, I thank my family for their love, unconditional support, and patience. Amma and Anna, thank you for encouraging me to follow my passions in my studies and my career and for always taking pride in my accomplishments. When I have struggled the most, you have been the ones I could always turn to. Adhi, thank you for always believing in me and for making me laugh whenever I needed it! Jeena Ann, thank you for your kisses to calm me down when I have been most stressed. Pati, Thatha, Rekha Chithi, and Vijay Uncle—thank you for all the love and support you have given me throughout the years. Countless others have been there for me throughout—too many to name here— thank you to you all. iv SOUTH ASIAN AND (UNDOCUMENTED) LATINO/A IMMIGRANT BLOGGERS: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH IMMIGRATION DISCOURSES BY ANJANA MUDAMBI B.A.L.L.B. (Hons.), National Law School of India University, 2003 M.A., Communication, Ohio University, 2004 Ph.D., Communication, The University of New Mexico, 2012 ABSTRACT The overarching purpose of this project is to theorize how marginalized communities engage with dominant discourses and to locate possibilities for agency in contesting dominant representations of marginalized groups. I selected two discursive events as instances of a larger U.S. immigration discourse—the enactment of SB 1070 in Arizona and the publication of a column in TIME Magazine in which the author decries the influx of South Asians to his hometown of Edison, NJ. I then modified critical discourse analysis to examine weblog responses to these events by two diasporic communities interpellated by them—(undocumented) Latino/a immigrants and South Asian immigrants. Drawing upon a theory of constitutive rhetoric, I look at ways that members of these two groups are interpellated as subjects within their blogging communities. Moreover, I examine how the collective subject negotiates various identifications through a three-part diasporic identity framework consisting of structural, trans-spatial/historical, and intergroup representational positionings. I also consider the implications of the v constitutive rhetoric for agency by interrogating how the blogs enable and constrain bloggers’ abilities to speak about the discursive events. In addition, I interrogate bloggers’ constructions of U.S. immigration discourse, identifying four ideological claims both (re)produced and challenged by the bloggers: triumphal multiculturalism; American Dream mythology; the entitlement to rights; and normative standards of acceptability. I also use a postcolonial approach to discursive engagement that considers the production of alternate subjectivities through destabilizing of the subject/object relationship. This project complicates our understanding of diasporic subjects as based on complex postcolonial subjectivities. This allows for an expanded notion of how collective subjects are constituted ontologically through the coming together of numerous points of identifications within a complex framework of diasporic identities. In addition, it links ontological status and epistemology by complicating the understanding of how and where subject positions arise, challenging assumptions of universal knowledge. Finally, it theorizes discursive engagement of members of marginalized diasporic groups by applying a dialectical perspective of agency and interpellated subjectivities and revealing how power operates through discourse to position subjects while identifying possible moments of agentic potential. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 Statement of Problem ...................................................................................................... 1 Context of Study ............................................................................................................. 5 Weblogs as Text .............................................................................................................. 9 Scope of Research Project ............................................................................................ 13 Summary and Research Questions................................................................................ 15 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND .......................................................... 18 Application of Postcolonial Theory to the United States.............................................. 18 Cultural Studies: Ideology and Discourse..................................................................... 23 Notions of Discursive Contestation .............................................................................. 26 Ideological Struggle, Resistance, and Agency .......................................................... 26 Non-Institutional Discourses in Communication Research ...................................... 32 Subjectivity and Identity ........................................................................................... 35 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 47 CHAPTER 3: CRITICAL REVIEW OF U.S. IMMIGRATION AND CITIZENSHIP .. 49 Immigrants and the Immigrant Nation .......................................................................... 49 History of U.S. Immigration and Citizenship Policy .................................................... 51 Immigration............................................................................................................... 51 Citizenship ................................................................................................................ 56 The South Asian Immigrant Community in the United States ..................................... 59 Historical Overview .................................................................................................