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CE...Chapter 6 Dependent on taxes Isolated phenomenon that upholds …integral to Spain’s development 1931 Constitution, secularization, Backlash, rise of right, Azaña’s second government and borrowing monarchy temporarily vs… via i. foundations for modernization degree of autonomy to Catalonia, suppression of Asturias overthrown by army under and ii. creating vacuum of power Law of Agrarian Reform (1932) revolt (1934) General Franco Primo de Rivera (1923–30) National Assembly Far left domination and Unión Patriótica Aug 1936: Nationalist north (Mola) Interpretations of Primo de - Zamora and Azaña The Second Republic to 1936 and south (Franco) link up Rivera’s regime Subdued Moroccan Nov 1936: Franco lays siege to Madrid Pragmatic approach Protectorate by 1926 1937: German bombing of Guernica Spanish Civil Oct 1937: Nationalists dominate north Dictatorship to republic (1923–30) Republic to dictatorship (1931–9) Dec 1938: offensive on Catalonia War (1936–9) 1939: Barcelona, Valencia and Madrid fall Phase 2 (1936–9): Rise to power through Institutions: Regions Phase 3 (1939–75): Pro-democracy Radical left in favour Church and army Phase 1 (pre-1936): military rebellion and Pro-monarchy ‘Carlists’ Dictatorship based on moderates of workers’ state Social classes Military roles during victory in Civil War tight control of population Second Republic Catholic Internal support for the sides Franco’s career Nationalists Republicans Franco countered threats: Neutrality during war Militarist 1. Radical far left Sides Issues between the sides: 2. Secularization and prioritizing Sides and issues in the ‘Fascism’ vs. ‘Communism’/ 3. Devolution of powers Spain’s interests ‘Christianity vs. atheism’ to regions Anti-communist Spanish Civil War Portugal, Germany and Italy defy Reflections on Franco’s war and regime NIC to arm Nationalists and Positive view supply forces Republicans seek Soviet help and International Brigades The powers and the Nationalists Interpretations of Franco’s ‘Unearthing’ Franco’s NIC against arming The powers and the war and regime war and regime either side Dictatorship in Spain Republicans Prelude to the Second World War? Negative view Amnesty vs. amnesia for those complicit in Franco’s regime Distraction from Germany’s Stifles reform and liberty Terror initial moves on Austria The outside world and and Czechoslovakia Archaeology since ‘Pact of Oblivion’ 2000 the Spanish Civil War Rivalries between factions Nationalist superior internal to both sides, but Franco military structure Reasons: more successful at managing division and organization 1. Masterly inaction Franco’s regime 2. Economic inability The Second World War and (1939–75) More active international 3. Germany’s unwillingness Franco’s foreign policy to 1975 Why did the Nationalists win? support for Nationalists to concede North African territory - arms, financing, long-term to Spain in the event of victory commitment The outcome and impact of the Spanish Civil War Red Terror and White Terror June 1941–3: supports Franco’s domestic policies (1939–75) Germany’s invasion of Russia The end of Franco: What impact did the war have by supplying troops Franco’s ‘neutrality’ Prince Juan Carlos instigated on the Spanish people? Food shortages (1939–45) democracy with constitutional monarchy Isolation to acceptance? Francoist repression and 1953 Madrid Pact with ‘Tardofranquismo’ 1970s problems: (1945–75) its easing (1939–59) US a turning point prompted (1959–73) - Basque separatism by Cold War, and renewed in 1963 - Church withdrawal of support Economic upsurge also due - economy affected by oil crisis (1973) Abandons autarky: to tourism and Spanish Principle of autarky De-colonization (Morocco, Stabilization Plan (1959) workforce abroad Military tribunals until 1943 led to economic crisis Sahara in mid-1950s) Development Plans (1964–73) and concentration camps by late 1950s Author: Susanna Ivanic (c) 2017 Taylor & Francis.
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