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Testing Anti-Virus in Linux: How Effective Are the Solutions Available for Desktop Computers?
Royal Holloway University of London ISG MSc Information Security thesis series 2021 Testing anti-virus in Linux: How effective are the solutions available for desktop computers? Authors Giuseppe Raffa, MSc (Royal Holloway, 2020) Daniele Sgandurra, Huawei, Munich Research Center. (Formerly ISG, Royal Holloway.) Abstract Anti-virus (AV) programs are widely recognized as one of the most important defensive tools available for desktop computers. Regardless of this, several Linux users consider AVs unnec- essary, arguing that this operating system (OS) is “malware-free”. While Windows platforms are undoubtedly more affected by malicious software, there exist documented cases of Linux- specific malware. In addition, even though the estimated market share of Linux desktop sys- tems is currently only at 2%, it is certainly possible that it will increase in the near future. Considering all this, and the lack of up-to-date information about Linux-compatible AV solutions, we evaluated the effectiveness of some anti-virus products by using local installations, a well- known on-line malware scanning service (VirusTotal) and a renowned penetration testing tool (Metasploit). Interestingly, in our tests, the average detection rate of the locally-installed AV programs was always above 80%. However, when we extended our analysis to the wider set of anti-virus solutions available on VirusTotal, we found out that the average detection rate barely reached 60%. Finally, when evaluating malicious files created with Metasploit, we verified that the AVs’ heuristic detection mechanisms performed very poorly, with detection rates as low as 8.3%.a aThis article is published online by Computer Weekly as part of the 2021 Royal Holloway informa- tion security thesis series https://www.computerweekly.com/ehandbook/Royal-Holloway-Testing-antivirus- efficacy-in-Linux. -
Hostscan 4.8.01064 Antimalware and Firewall Support Charts
HostScan 4.8.01064 Antimalware and Firewall Support Charts 10/1/19 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco public. Page 1 of 76 Contents HostScan Version 4.8.01064 Antimalware and Firewall Support Charts ............................................................................... 3 Antimalware and Firewall Attributes Supported by HostScan .................................................................................................. 3 OPSWAT Version Information ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Antimalware Compliance Module v4.3.890.0 for Windows .................................................. 5 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Firewall Compliance Module v4.3.890.0 for Windows ........................................................ 44 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Antimalware Compliance Module v4.3.824.0 for macos .................................................... 65 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Firewall Compliance Module v4.3.824.0 for macOS ........................................................... 71 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Antimalware Compliance Module v4.3.730.0 for Linux ...................................................... 73 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Firewall Compliance Module v4.3.730.0 for Linux .............................................................. 76 ©201 9 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public. -
Eset Endpoint Security
ESET ENDPOINT SECURITY User Guide Microsoft® Windows® 8 / 7 / Vista / XP / 2000 / Home Server Click here to download the most recent version of this document ESET ENDPOINT SECURITY Copyright ©2013 by ESET, spol. s r. o. ESET Endpoint Security was developed by ESET, spol. s r. o. For more information visit www.eset.com. All rights reserved. No part of this documentation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise without permission in writing from the author. ESET, spol. s r. o. reserves the right to change any of the described application software without prior notice. Worldwide Customer Support: www.eset.com/support REV. 17. 4. 2013 Contents 4.2.1 Filt..e..r.i.n...g.. m....o..d..e..s............................................................44 1. ES.E..T. .E..n.d..p..o.i.n..t. .S.e..c.u..r.i.t.y.......................5 4.2.2 Fir.e..w...a..l.l. .p..r.o...f.i.l.e..s...........................................................45 4.2.3 Co.n..f..i.g..u..r.i.n...g.. a..n...d.. .u..s..i.n..g.. .r.u..l.e..s........................................46 1.1 Syste.m... .r.e..q.u..i.r.e..m...e.n..t.s..................................................5 4.2.3.1 Rules.. .s.e..t..u..p...................................................................47 1.2 Preve.n..t.i.o..n.................................................................5 4.2.3.2 Editin...g.. r..u..l.e..s.................................................................47 4.2.4 Co.n..f..i.g..u..r.i.n...g. -
Consumer Security Products Performance Benchmarks (Edition 2) Antivirus & Internet Security Windows 10
Consumer Security Products Performance Benchmarks (Edition 2) Antivirus & Internet Security Windows 10 January 2020 Document: Consumer Security Products Performance Benchmarks (Edition 2) Authors: J. Han, D. Wren Company: PassMark Software Date: 13 January 2020 Edition: 2 File: Consumer_Security_Products_Performance_Benchmarks_2020_Ed_2.docx Consumer Security Performance Benchmarks 2019 PassMark Software Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................................... 2 REVISION HISTORY ............................................................................................................................................ 3 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................... 4 OVERALL SCORE ................................................................................................................................................ 5 PRODUCTS AND VERSIONS ............................................................................................................................... 6 PERFORMANCE METRICS SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ 7 TEST RESULTS ................................................................................................................................................ -
Nessus and Antivirus
Nessus and Antivirus January 31, 2014 (Revision 4) Table of Contents Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Standards and Conventions........................................................................................................................... 3 Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 3 A Note on SCAP Audits ................................................................................................................................. 4 Microsoft Windows Defender ............................................................................................................. 4 Kaspersky Internet Security 2012 ...................................................................................................... 4 AVG 2012 ............................................................................................................................................. 7 Norton Internet Security 2012 .......................................................................................................... 10 Norton 360 ......................................................................................................................................... 14 Panda Internet Security 2012 ........................................................................................................... 18 Trend Micro Titanium -
VPN Report 2020
VPN Report 2020 www.av-comparatives.org Independent Tests of Anti-Virus Software VPN - Virtual Private Network 35 VPN services put to test LANGUAGE : ENGLISH LAST REVISION : 20 TH MAY 2020 WWW.AV-COMPARATIVES.ORG 1 VPN Report 2020 www.av-comparatives.org Contents Introduction 4 What is a VPN? 4 Why use a VPN? 4 Vague Privacy 5 Potential Risks 5 The Relevance of No-Logs Policies 6 Using VPNs to Spoof Geolocation 6 Test Procedure 7 Lab Setup 7 Test Methodology 7 Leak Test 7 Kill-Switch Test 8 Performance Test 8 Tested Products 9 Additional Product Information 10 Consolidations & Collaborations 10 Supported Protocols 11 Logging 12 Payment Information 14 Test Results 17 Leak & Kill-Switch Tests 17 Performance Test 19 Download speed 20 Upload speed 21 Latency 22 Performance Overview 24 Discussion 25 General Security Observations 25 Test Results 25 Logging & Privacy Policies 26 Further Recommendations 27 2 VPN Report 2020 www.av-comparatives.org Individual VPN Product Reviews 28 Avast SecureLine VPN 29 AVG Secure VPN 31 Avira Phantom VPN 33 Bitdefender VPN 35 BullGuard VPN 37 CyberGhost VPN 39 ExpressVPN 41 F-Secure Freedome 43 hide.me VPN 45 HMA VPN 47 Hotspot Shield 49 IPVanish 51 Ivacy 53 Kaspersky Secure Connection 55 McAfee Safe Connect 57 mySteganos Online Shield VPN 59 Norton Secure VPN 63 Panda Dome VPN 65 Private Internet Access 67 Private Tunnel 69 PrivateVPN 71 ProtonVPN 73 PureVPN 75 SaferVPN 77 StrongVPN 79 Surfshark 81 TorGuard 83 Trust.Zone VPN 85 TunnelBear 87 VPNSecure 89 VPN Unlimited 91 VyprVPN 93 Windscribe 95 ZenMate VPN 97 Copyright and Disclaimer 99 3 VPN Report 2020 www.av-comparatives.org Introduction The aim of this test is to compare VPN services for consumers in a real-world environment by assessing their security and privacy features, along with download speed, upload speed, and latency. -
2012 Consumer Security Products Performance Benchmarks (Edition 2) Antivirus and Internet Security Windows 7
2012 Consumer Security Products Performance Benchmarks (Edition 2) Antivirus and Internet Security Windows 7 November 2011 Document: 2012 Consumer Security Products Performance Benchmarks (Edition 2) Authors: M. Baquiran, D. Wren Company: PassMark Software Date: 14 November 2011 Edition: 2 File: antivirus_12-performance-testing-ed2.docx Consumer Internet Security and Antivirus Solutions PassMark Software Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................................... 2 REVISION HISTORY ............................................................................................................................................ 4 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................... 5 OVERALL SCORE ................................................................................................................................................ 6 PRODUCTS AND VERSIONS ............................................................................................................................... 8 INTERNET SECURITY SOFTWARE .................................................................................................................................. 8 ANTIVIRUS SOFTWARE ............................................................................................................................................. -
Linux Security Review 2015
Linux Security Review 2015 www.av-comparatives.org AV-Comparatives Linux Security Review Language: English May 2015 Last revision: 26 th May 2015 www.av-comparatives.org -1- Linux Security Review 2015 www.av-comparatives.org Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 3 Reviewed products ............................................................................................................... 4 Malware for Linux systems ..................................................................................................... 5 Linux security advice ............................................................................................................ 6 Items covered in the review .................................................................................................. 7 Avast File Server Security ...................................................................................................... 8 AVG Free Edition for Linux.................................................................................................... 11 Bitdefender Antivirus Scanner for Unices ................................................................................ 13 Clam Antivirus for Linux ....................................................................................................... 17 Comodo Antivirus for Linux .................................................................................................. 20 Dr.Web Anti-virus for -
Guía Para Administradores De
Guide for Network Administrators Adaptive Defense 360 Guide for Network Administrators 1 Guide for Network Administrators Table of contents PREFACE .......................................................................................................................... 9 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................10 WHO IS THE GUIDE AIMED AT? ...........................................................................................10 ICONS ...........................................................................................................................10 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................11 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................12 KEY FEATURES OF ADAPTIVE DEFENSE 360 ............................................................................12 ADAPTIVE DEFENSE 360 USER PROFILE .................................................................................13 ADAPTIVE DEFENSE 360 ARCHITECTURE: KEY COMPONENTS .....................................................13 ADAPTIVE DEFENSE 360 CLOUD SERVER FARM ........................................................................... 14 MANAGEMENT CONSOLE WEB SERVER ..................................................................................... 15 COMPUTERS PROTECTED WITH ADAPTIVE DEFENSE 360 ............................................................. -
Technical Report RHUL–ISG–2021–3 10 March 2021
Testing Antivirus in Linux: An Investigation on the Effectiveness of Solutions Available for Desktop Computers Giuseppe Raffa Technical Report RHUL–ISG–2021–3 10 March 2021 Information Security Group Royal Holloway University of London Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX United Kingdom Student Number: 100907703 Giuseppe Raffa Testing Antivirus in Linux: An Investigation on the Effectiveness of Solutions Available for Desktop Computers Supervisor: Daniele Sgandurra Submitted as part of the requirements for the award of the MSc in Information Security at Royal Holloway, University of London. I declare that this assignment is all my own work and that I have acknowledged all quotations from published or unpublished work of other people. I also declare that I have read the statements on plagiarism in Section 1 of the Regulations Governing Examination and Assessment Offences, and in accordance with these regulations I submit this project report as my own work. Signature: Giuseppe Raffa Date: 24th August 2020 Table of Contents 1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................7 1.1 Motivation.......................................................................................................................................7 1.2 Objectives........................................................................................................................................8 1.3 Methodology...................................................................................................................................8 -
Breaking Antivirus Software Joxean Koret, COSEINC SYSCAN 360, 2014
Breaking Antivirus Software Joxean Koret, COSEINC SYSCAN 360, 2014 Breaking antivirus software n Introduction n Attacking antivirus engines n Finding vulnerabilities n Exploiting antivirus engines n Antivirus vulnerabilities n Conclusions n Recommendations Antivirus Engines n Common features of AV engines: n Written in C/C++. n Signatures based engine + heuristics. n On-access scanners. n Command line/GUI on-demand scanners. n Support for compressed file archives. n Support for packers. n Support for miscellaneous file formats. n Advanced common features: n Packet filters and firewalls. n Drivers to protect the product, anti-rootkits, etc... n Anti-exploiting toolkits. Antivirus products or engines n An antivirus engine is just the core, the kernel, of an antivirus product. n Some antivirus engines are used by multiple products. n For example, BitDefender is the most widely used antivirus kernel. n It's used by so many products like G-Data, eScan, F- Secure, etc... n Most “big” antivirus companies have their own engine but not all. And some companies, like F-Secure, integrate 3rd party engines in their products. n In general, during this talk I will refer to AV engines, to the kernels, except when specified the word “product”. Attack surface n Fact: installing an application in your computer makes you a bit more vulnerable. n You just increased your attack surface. n If the application is local: your local attack surface increased. n If the application is remote: your remote attack surface increased. n If your application runs with the highest privileges, installs kernel drivers, a packet filter and tries to handle anything your computer may do.. -
Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity Sector Update – April 2020 SPECIALIST INDEPENDENT M&A AND FUNDRAISING ADVISER TO FAST-GROWING TECHNOLOGY BUSINESSES April 2020 - CONFIDENTIAL 1 CYBERSECURITY SECTOR UPDATE – APRIL 2020 1 Cybersecurity experienced another record year in 2019 followed by a strong Q1 2020 ▪ Consolidation continued across all subsectors including data security, network security, app security, IAM, endpoint, sec ops, etc. ▪ Record private investment activity: $8.05bn in VC money raised across 626 deals in 2019, $1.74bn through 118 deals in Q1 2020(1) ▪ Exceptionally strong M&A activity: 209 deals with a total value of $43.75bn in 2019, 32 deals with a total value of $13.78bn in Q1 2020(1) 2 High-profile European transactions keep making the global headlines ▪ Orange acquiring MSSPs SecureData for $157m in Jan 2019 followed by the acquisition of SecureLink for $577m in May 2019 ▪ Sophos $3.9bn take-private by Thoma Bravo in Oct 2019 after a recent stint of four years as a UK plc ▪ Immersive Labs’ £40m Series B fundraise by Summit Partners and Goldman Sachs in Nov 2019 ▪ Privitar’s $80m Series C led by Warburg Pincus, Accel, Partech, IQ Capital, Salesforce Ventures and ABN AMRO Ventures in Apr 2020 ▪ Onfido’s $100m fundraise led by TPG Growth ▪ Investcorps’s $180m acquisition of consumer focused cybersecurity provider Avira in Apr 2020 3 Cybersecurity in times of Covid-19 ▪ Covid-19 has thrown the global economy into unchartered territory. With many sectors in slowdown, cybersecurity has proven to remain virus-resistant and continues to be a necessary investment for every organisation ▪ The widely adapted working-from-home policy has vastly enlarged the attack surface and placed major strain on enterprise IT to protect against an increased level of malicious activity 4 New cycle of cybersecurity investment leading to sustained financing and M&A activity ▪ Cybersecurity remains a top corporate IT priority (see also our previous report), now representing approximately 12.8% of companies’ total IT budgets(2).