I 'I c'CJ
An Atlas of the Oaklimd Neighborhood of Pittsburgh 1977
OAKLAND UNIVERSITY CEN TER fOR UR~'.ll RE SEARCH 1209-D, Cathedral of learning UN IVERSITY (lr f" i r:-s·. ~.IRG H University of Pittsburgh 249 Noa:., C".".IG STR EET Pittlburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA 15260 Phone: (412) 624-3465 PITTSBURGH NEIGHBORHOOD ATLAS GOVERNING BOARD ROGER AHLBAANOT,JA. STAFF Unlv.rlltv 01 Pltuburgh, School of Socl.1 Work Ch,lrp.rlon JAMES VALLAS Wendell D. Jordan (East Liberty-Lemington-Lincoln) Shady.lde Margaret K. Charny (Squirrel Hill) VLc.Ch,lrp.rlon BARBARA KELLY Julia Whitener (Mexican War Streets) Petry-Hilltop Ml110fred Russell (Homestead, Pa.) 5"" ..t" ... TEAAY WOODCOCK Gerald S. Oswalt (Schenley Heights) Squirrel HIli Katherine Knorr (East Liberty)
RICHARD ARMSTEAD John Zingaro (Shadyside) Hili Dlurlct Dan Baskin JOSEPH BORKOWSKI La""arenclt\lllia Vicky Leap DANIEL CHAPPELL Howard Williams Hili OIUrict Ronald Madzy MARY COYNE Watt End Tony Gary JIM CUNNINGHAM Mary Shea ShadVtlde MARY LOU DANIEL W"t End SUPPORTIVE INSTITUTIONS JESE OEL GRE HILI Dllnlcl WILLIAM P. GALLAGHER Pittsburgh Neighborhood Alliance G,"nfl.ld Center for Urban Research of the Univ. of Pgh. MARY HALL Squirrel Hili School of Social Work of the Univ. of Pgh. ROSE JEWELL Architect Workshop ShadVllda City Council of the City of Pgh. GABOR KISH Elliott Allegheny County Department of Elections ROBERT "BLUE" MARTIN ACTION-Housing. Inc. Hazel""QOd THOMAS MURPHY Department of City Planning of the City of Pgh. Perrv HIIlIOP Southwestern Penna. Regional Planning Commission EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR WENOELL D. JORDAN ACTION-Vista (Volunteers in Service to America) AGENCIES Valley View Presbyterian Church Actlon·HOutlng, Inc. U.S. Bureau of Ihe Centuo Ce.ne Initiated by the PITTSBURGH NEIGHBORHOOD ALLIANCE INTRODUCTION The Pittsburgb Neighborhood. Al.liance was fonned in 1969 by a. IDJmber of neighborhood organizations that were concerned with improving the city's neigh borhoods and their relations with city government. The members of' the Alliance recognized that in order to negotiate effectively with city government about such mBJor concerns as public service needs, capital improvements and transpor tation, it was necessary to obtain accurate, up-to-date Inf'ormatlon about the neighborhoods. Unfortunately, this In:f'ormatlon was not available. To remedy this situation, the Alliance developed its Pittsburgh Neigh borhood Atlas project. First, the boundaries ot the city's neighborhoods had to be determined. The Pittsburgh Neighborhood Atlas asked. people attending ccmmun1ty meetings to name and describe the boundaries of the neighborhoods in which they lived. This int"ormatlon was alBo provided by an Atlas-initiated survey. Responses fran every votin8 district of the city were a.nal.yzed to a.ssure citizen involvement at the neighborhood level. Seventy-eight neighborhoods were thus identified, each made up of one or more whole voting districts in order to comply with provisions in Pittsburgh's hane rule charter relating to the election ot ccmnunity advisory boards. The Atlas then gathered a body of useful and up-to-date Intor.mation tor every neighborhood. It is the beginning of a neighborhood information system that more closely reflects neighborhood boundaries as defined by residents in stead of by public officials. In the past, statistics about sections of the city have been based on intor.mation published for relatively large areas such 8.S census tra.cts. For the atlas, much of the material describi.n@; neighborhood characteristics came fran :figures canpiled for smaller areas: voting districts or census blocks. As a result, detailed in:t'onnation is now available for neigh borhoods whose boundaries differ substantial.ly f'rcm census tract boundaries. The infor.mation in this atlas provides an insight into current neighbor hood conditions and the direction in which the neighborhood is m0vi...D8. The best indicators showing the health of the neighborhood are provided by citizen satis taction with the neighborhood, and changes in residential. real estate transaction prices. Comparison of these statistic8 to those for the entire city provide a buis to begin understanding issues of neighborhood atabUity. In the years to cane, sa add1 tional data are gathered for each of these indicators, trends will becane more obvious. It 1s important to recognize that nei8bborhood change is 8. ccmplex pro cess and that one 1nd1cator by itself ID.8Y not be use:f'Ul.. Neighborhoods may be heal.tby regardless of their level of !nccme, and therefore incane-related sta tistics may not be usef'ul. guides by themselves. Neighborhoods III'WJt be viewed over time 1n t~ of relative changes compared to the city as a whole, and ~ anaJ..ys18 of neighborhood conditions must t'ocus upon all ot the data in order 'tD provide a canprehens1ve understanding. To learn about specifiC sections of the neighborhood, tigures by indi vidual. voting district or census tract 1n8¥ be obtained. Additional. 1nt'ormat10n on the neighborhood or the 1nt~tion lyatem is available through the Center for Urban Research ot the University ot' Pittsburgh, which baa made an outstanding contribution to the developnent ot' this atlu. -1- NEIGHBORHOOD DESCRIPTION Oakland is approximately 2.2 miles east of downtown. It is estimated to be 863.0 acres in size, containing 2.5% of the city's land and 4.6% of its 1974 population. The voting districts in the neighborhood are 43 to #20, Ward 4' #9, Ward 5; and #5, Ward 8. SeE' Appendix for a listing of the dghborhood's census tracts.) In Borne neighborhoods a significant proportion of the residents identified a section of the neighborhood by another name, therefore this section is called a sub-neighborhood. The sub-neighborhoods in Oakland are Terrace Village, South Oakland, Schenley Farms and Bel1efield. .. •• *:: , ~."I.#J • .. '.: " , \. '".. , , -2- NEIGHBORHOOD HISTORY OAKLAND Oakland received its name from the farm of one of the original settlers, William Eichbaum. whose property held many oak trees. By the early 1800's, the area that is now Oakland was owned by a few businessmen aod landowners, including Neville B. Craig, editor of the Pittsburgh Gazette from 1829 to 1841, who had a fann named !'Bellefield". In 1836, an English immi grant, J ames Chadwick, sold nine acres to William Stewart. William Robinson, Jr., mayor of Allegheny, acquired these nine acres by sheriff's sale in 1840 and, that same year, sold it to Eichbaurn. This became Eichbaum's farm. Oakland developed rapidly following the Great Fire of 1845 in Downtown. with people moving out to what was then suburban territory. In 1850, the glass manufacturer, Dithridge, bought Neville Craig's "Bellefield" and developed housing there. By 1860, passenger rail service had encouraged residential growth as far as Bates and North Bellefield Streets, and commercial development along Fifth Avenue. Oakland Township incorporated in 1866 and was annexed to the City of Pittsburgh in 1868. In 1889, Mary Croghan Schenley gave the city 300 acres in Oakland for a park. Officials bought another 100 acres from her for Schenley Park. Schenley later gave another gift, land for the Schenley Plaza. There, Andrew Carnegie built a library, museum and concert hall complex which opened in 1895. Businessman Frank Nicola built the Schenley Hotel on Forbes Street at the turn of the century. Nicola also bought land around Bellefield between Fifth and Centre Avenues and de veloped the Schenley Farms in 1905, spending $1.5 million on streets. utilities, and landscaping. Oakland was well on its way to becoming the Civic Center. Development in a variety of fields - education, entertainment, organization, medicine - came in rapid succession. Carnegie Institute of Technology opened in 1905. The Western University of Pennsylvania relocated from Allegheny to Oakland in 1907. becoming the University of Pittsburgh. In 1909, Forbes Field was built. From 1908 to 1920, Soldiers and Sailors' Memorial Hall, Syria Mosque. Masonic Temple and Bureau of Mines all opened; numerous private clubs moved from downtown. Magee Hospital was the first of the many hospitals in the neighborhood. with the establishment of Children's, Montefiore, Presbyterian, Eye and Ear, and the Fslk Clinic following throughout the years. Work began on the Cathedral of Learning in 1925. at that time, the tallest educational building in the world. Oakland is perhaps the most ethnically mixed of all Pittsburgh neigh borhoods. Italians, Blacks. Jews. Syrians and Poles have long been permanent resi dents. University students - rentors and commuters - reflect the diversity of back ground evident in Allegheny County and Western Pennsylvania. Approximately 88 foreign countries are represented in the student body of the University of Pittsburgh. - , -3- OAKIAND SUMMARY STATISTICS Neighborhood Pittsburgh Population (1974) 21,926 479,276 • Change (1970-1974) -14• -Sl. X Black population (1970) 16'l. 20'l. Housing units (1974) 6,026 166,625 l. Vacant 77. 6% '%. Owner-occupied housing units (1974) 31. 54. Average sales price of owner-occupied dwellings (1975) $29,990 $23,516 4 Residential real estate transactions with mortgages provided by financial institutions (1975) 34. 591 Crime rate (1975) 0.099 0 . 053 Average family income (1969) $11,300 $10,500 Income index a8 l. of city index (1974) 99. l. Satisfied with neighborhood (1976) 35. 41. Major neighborhood problems (1976) Burglary Poor roads Poor roads Dog Utter Trash and Burglary litter CITIZEN SURVEY The purpose of the citizen survey was to obtain attitudes about the quality of the neighborhood environment. Citizens were asked to respond to questions concerning the neighborhood as a whole, neighborhood problems, and public services. The attitudinal data, heretofore not available, are key indi cators of the relative health of the neighborhood. By specifying neighborhood problems or public service needs, the information may be a useful guide for public investment or service delivery decisions. The city-wide survey was mailed to a randomly selected sample of registered voters. Of approximately 35,000 households contacted, 9,767 responded. The sample provides a 5% response rate for each of the city's 423 voting districts. (See Appendix for a profile of the respondents as well as for statistics on voter registration.) -4- I. Neighborhood Satisfaction Oakland residents are generally less satisfied with their neigh borhood than residents city-wide. Table 1 shows that 35% of the citizens responding to the survey were satisfied with their neighborhood compared to 41% in all city neighborhoods. When asked to state whether the neigh borhood is better or wrose than two years ago, 18% said that it was better which exceeded the city-wide response of 12%. Given the opportunity to move from the neighborhood, 48% said they would continue to live there compared to a response of 45% for the city as a whole. The responses to these satisfaction questions indicate 8 mixed attitude of residents toward their neighborhood compared to citizens city-wide. TABLE 1 Neighborhood Satisfaction Oakland Question 1: Generally, how satisfied are you with conditions in the neighborhood? Satisfied Dissatisfied Neither (%) (%) (%) Oakland 35 41 21 All neighborhoods 41 37 21 Question 2: Do you think this neighborhood has gotten better or worse over the past two years? Be tter Wo rse Not Changed (%) -'J,L (7.) Oakland 18 53 27 All neighborhoods 12 49 36 Question 3: If you had your choice of where to live, would you continue living in this neighborhood? Yes No Not Sure ill ill (7.) Oakland 48 30 16 All neighborhoods 45 32 18 SOURCE: Citizen Survey, 1976. NOTE: The percent responses to each question do not add up to 100%. The difference is accounted for by the following: "don I t know', "unable to evaluate", or no answer. 2 -5- II. Neighborhood Problems In order to identify specific neighborhood problems. residents were asked to consider twelve probems usually associated with urban communities and rate them for the neighborhood. Table 2 compares the problem ratings of the respondents from Oakland to those from all city neighborhoods. Areas of particular concern for the neighborhood include unsafe streets, burglary, trash and litter. Bnd poor roads. III. Satisfaction with Public Services Table 3 shows the satisfaction of Oakland residents with their public services and compares the responses to data for all city neighborhoods. City-wide, residents are least satisfied with street Bnd alley maintenance. Oakland residents are more satisfied with respect to garbage collection and the fire department, and less satisfied with respect to street and alley maintenance, and the condition and cost of housing. The Citizen Survey also asked the respondents to list the services with which they were the least satisfied and to explain the reasons for their dissatisfaction. Residents from Oakland gave the greatest number of reasons for dissatisfaction to the services listed below. Included is a summary of the major reasons for their dissatisfaction. 1. Street and alley maintenance: Streets in poor repair; inadequate repair and maintenance program; inadequate street cleaning services; poor traffic control for local streets; parking problems; alleys blocked; sidewalks dirty. 2. Public transportation: Inefficient transportation system; need to improve scheduling and routes to serve neighborhood; fares too high. 3. Condition and cost of housing: Cost of housing, rents too high; cost not related to condition; neighborhood housing in poor repair; problem of old, vacant buildings and absentee landlords. • -6- TABLE 2 Neighborhood Problems Oakland Problem Category Problem Rating - Percent Response Not a Minor or Big or Problem Moderate Very Serious Unsafe streets Oakland 14 44 35 All neighborhoods 25 45 21 Vandalism Oakland 11 45 31 All neighborhoods 13 49 28 Rats Oakland 29 31 15 All neighborhoods 34 33 12 Burglary Oakland 11 36 42 All neighborhoods 14 44 29 Poor roads Oakland 18 35 37 All neighborhoods 17 41 33 Trash and litter Oakland 22 33 37 All neighborhoods 27 41 24 Vacant buildings Oakland 41 34 11 All neighborhoods 49 24 13 Undesirable people maving into the neighborhood Oakland 37 25 19 All neighborhoods 42 28 15 Stray dogs Oakland 29 35 22 All neighborhoods 25 38 18 Dog litter Oakland 24 32 31 All neighborhoods 21 38 32 SOURCE: Citizen Survey. 1976. NOTE: The percent responses to each question do not add up to 1007. . The difference is accounted for by the following: "don't know", "unable to evaluate", or no answer. The problem categories of alcoholism and drug abuse are not included in the table because the response rates to these questions were low. -7- TABLE 3 Satisfaction with Public Services Oakland Service Percent Response Satisfied Neither Dissatisfied Parks and Recreation Oakland 65 9 14 All neighborhoods 51 15 23 Schools Oakland 39 11 18 All neighborhoods 46 12 21 Street maintenance Oakland 31 15 49 All neighborhoods 32 15 49 Alley maintenance Oakland 17 13 38 All neighborhoods 20 13 39 Garbage collection Oakland 73 8 11 All neighborhoods 74 10 13 Police Oakland 52 19 19 All neighborhoods 51 17 23 Public transportation Oakland 61 12 22 All neighborhoods 61 11 23 Fire Department Oakland 70 8 2 All neighborhoods 78 7 3 Sewage system Oakland 55 12 9 All neighborhoods 63 10 13 Condition and cost of housing Oakland 36 15 35 All neighborhoods 44 17 22 SOURCE: Citizen Survey, 1976. NOTE: The percent responses to each question do not add up to 100%. The difference is accounted for by the following: "don't know", "unable to evaluate", or no answer. Pub lic health and mental health/mental retardation services are not included in the table because the response rates to these questions were low. -8- CRIME RATE The crime rate for major crimes has increased over the last three years (Table 4). In 1973 the number of major crimes per capita was .070 compared to .099 in 1975. The crime rate in the neighborhood was greater than the city per capits rate of .053 in 1975. TABLE 4 Crime Rate: Major Crimes Oakland Major Crimes Crime Rate Year Number Neighborhood Pittsburgh 1973 1,527 .070 .043 1974 1,884 .086 .047 1975 2,162 .099 .053 SOURCE: City of Pittsburgh, Bureau of Police. NOTE: Major crimes are murder, rape, robbery, assault, burglary, and theft. The neighborhood crime rate is computed by dividing t he number of crimes committed in the neighborhood by its adjusted population for 1974. -9- THE PEOPLE Table 5 and Table 6 present data on the characteristics of the neighborhood population and compare them to city-wide statistics. In 1974, the estimated population of Oak land was 21,926, down by 14% since 1970. This compares to a city-wide population decline of 8% during the same period. Information on the racial composition of the neighborhood is not available for 1974; however, the number of Black households in the neighborhood increased during the decade of the sixties, and the Black population was 16.1% of the neighborhood's population in 1970, compared to 20.2% for the city. The Bverage household size in the neighborhood was 2.07 persons in 1974, down from 1970 . The percentage of the population 65 years and older was 15.0% in 1970, compared to 13.5% for the city as a whole. TABLE 5 Population and Household Characteristics, 1970 and 1974 Oakland Neighborhood Pittsburgh 1970 1974 1970 1974 Population % Black 16.1% 20.27. % 65 years and over 15.0% 13.5% Households % One - person households 40.6% 42 .6% 25.4% 25.5% % Retired head-of-household 24.8% 26.37. % Households with children 16.47. 32. n. % Female head-of-househo1d with children 3.8% 6.4% % In owner-occupied housing unit 23.3% 31.4% 50.37. 54.2% % Households changing pl ace of residence within past year 41. 0% 27.0% Average household size 2.21 2.07 2.82 2.67 SOURCES: U. S. Census (1970) and R. L. Polk & Co. (1974). NOTE: Dotted lines ( •... ) indicate data unavailable for that year. The turnover rate of households in the neighborhood exceeds that for all of the city's neighborhoods. During 1973, 41.0% of the households in the neighborhood changed their place of, residence compared to a rate of 27.0% for the city. (The figures represent households who have moved within the neighborhood or city as well as those moving into or out of the neighborhood or city.) -10- Female-headed households with children in 1974 comprised 3.8% of the total households in the neighborhood compared to 6 . 4% for the city as a whole. In 1974, one-person households consisted of 42 . 6% of the total households in the neighborhood compared to 25.5% city-wide and to 40.6% for the neighborhood in 1970. TABLE 6 Neighborhood Change: 1960-1970 and 1970-1974 Oakl and Number Percent Change Neighborhood Neighborhood Pittsburgh Population 1960 27,405 1970 25,482 - 7 -14 1974 21,926 -14 - 8 1 Households 1960 9,854 1970 9.363 - 5 - 6 1974 7,491 - 20 -12 2 Black households 1960 861 1970 1,351 +57 +15 1974 (not available) Housing units 1960 10,431 1970 10,140 - 3 - 3 1974 8,026 - 21 -12 SOURCES: U. S . Census (1960; 1970) and R. L. Polk & Co. (1974). NOTE : The population figures reported by Polk are adjusted to account for under reporting. Population includes persons living in institutions and other group quarters, such as nursing homes, dormitories or jails . Differences in the popu lation, household, or housing unit count between 1970 and 1974 are due primarily to changes occurring in the neighborhood. A small percentage of the difference may be accounted for, however, by variations in data gathering techniques. Cen sus statistics were compiled from information provided by all city households answering a standard questionnaire either by mail or interview on or about April 1, 1970. R. L. Polk collected its information by a door-to-door survey carried out over a period of several months. (See Appendix . ) 1The number of occupied housing units equals the number of households. 2 Non-white households in 1960. -ll- NEIGHBORHOOD INCOME The average family income in Oakland was $11,300, 108% of the city average, for the year 1969 . R. L. Polk and Company computes an income index for each city census tract. This index, derived from the occupation of heads of households , was used to calculate the income index of the neighborhood. In 1974, the index for Oakland was 99% of the figure for the city as a whole. Tab le 7 shows the number of neighborhood households receiving cash grants in 1974, 1975 and 1976 under the public assistance program of the Pennsyl vania Department of Welfare. Public assistance in the form of food stamps, Medicaid, and various social services are also available to these households, as well as to other households in need. Public assistance payments were made to 16.4% of the neighbor hood households in 1976. a lower proportion than for the city overall and an increase since 1974. TABLE 7 Public Assist ance: Households Receiving Cash Grants Oakland Neighborhood Pittsburgh Year Number Percent Percent 1974 1,002 13.4 16.0 1975 1,108 14.8 17.2 1976 1.232 16.4 18.0 SOURCE: Allegheny County Board of Assistance. NOTE: The percentages are based on 1974 Polk households. Only households receiving cash grants under Aid to Depen dent Children, Aid to Dependent Children-Unemployed Parent; General Assistance, and State Blind Pension programs are tabulated. The count is of those on assistance as of April 5. 1974, February 28. 1975, and February 27, 1976; house holds whose grants were terminated between reporting dates are not included. 1 -12- HOUSING Table 6 shows that the number of housing units in Oakland decreased during the decade of the sixties and decreased from 1970 to 1974. Of the occupied housing units, 31.4% were owner-occupied in 1974, compared to a city-wide rate of 54.2%. The vacancy rate for the neighborhood was 6.8% which was close to the rate for the city as a whole. (See Table 8.) The average value of owner-occupied housing in the neighborhood was $14,500 in 1970, compared to a city-wide average of $14,800. A housing expenditure greater than 25% of household income is often considered to be excessive and a problem associated with low income households. In 1970, for the city as a whole, less than 1% of renter households earning $10,000 or more a year spent 25% or more of this income for rent; of those earning less than $10,000, 43.770 spent 25% or more of their income on rent. In Oakland , 49.5% of renter households in the lower income category paid out 25% or more of their income on rent.* These percentages suggest a lack of housing choice for renters with limited incomes, both in the neighborhood and the city. TABLE 8 Housing Characteristics , 1970 and 1974 Oakland Neighborhood Pittsburgh 1970 1974 1970 1974 Housing units % Vacant 7.7 6.8 6.2 6.2 % One-unit structures 21.0 52.9 Occupied housing units % Owner-occupied 23.3 31.4 50.3 54 . 2 Average value: owner- occupied units l $14,500 $14,800 SOURCES: U. S. Census (1970) and R. L. Polk & Co. (1974). lAverage value rounded to nearest one hundred dollars. *Percentage calculated only for the part of Oakland made up of census tracts #402 #407, #507. and US03, which contained 80% of the neighborhood's renter-occupied housing units in 1970. , -13- REAL ESTATE AND MORTGAGE LOAN TRANSACTIONS The average sales price of owner-occupied housing was $29 , 990 in 1975. ( See Table 9. ) Although the average price was greater than the city-wide average, the implications of this divergence are difficult to judge because of variations in the quality and size of the structures among city neighborhoods. As additional data are obtained, however, the trend in real estate prices for the neighborhood can be compared to the trend for the city as a whole in order to determine rela tive differences. In order to evaluate the extent to which private lenders are involved in the neighborhood, the number of mortgage loans made on residential property each year must be divided by the number of residential real estate transactions for that year. The percentage of residential real estate transactions financed through financial institutions was 34% in 1975 in Oakland compared to a City-wide rate of 59%. The implications of the difference between the two rates are difficult to discern because of variations in risk factors and income levels among city neighborhoods. However. as additional data become available. trends in lending activity within the neighborhood compared to other neighborhoods or to the city as a whole can be assessed. TABLE 9 Real Estate and Mortgage Loan Statistics Oakland Neighborhood Pittsburgh Average sales price: owner-occupied dwellings 1974 $21,011 $21,582 1975 $29,990 $23,518 Number of residential mortgages 1973 65 1974 52 1975 48 % Residential real estate transactions with mortgages provided by financial institutions 1974 45% SSt 1975 34% 59% SOURCE: City of Pittsburgh, Department of City Planning. -14- APPENDIX 8. Data Sources: Information for the atlas was obtained from the 1960 and 1970 U. S. Census of Population and Housinp,:. " L Polk 'lnd Company's "Profiles of Change'! for Pittsburgh in 1974; Pittsburgh's Department of City Planning oRnd Bureau of Police; the Allegheny County Board of Assistance, aod DeparllJ1:i ..)f Elec:_ioos and Voter Registration; Southwestern Pennsylvania Regional Plamdog Commission, and the Citizen )urvey conducted by the Pi' '~burgh Neighborhood Atlas. b. Neighborhood Census Tracts: 402 - 407. 507. 803; and part of 401 and 408. c. Methodology: The opinions and characteristics of survey respondents, as well as voter registration, were recorded by voting district and then compiled for Oakland by the Pittsburgh Neighborhood Atlas in conjunction with the Center for Urban Re search, University of Pittsburgh. Other material in the atlas was drawn from statistics tabulated for city census tracts or census blocks. The neighborhood boundaries, which were determined on the basis of whole vot,ng districts, do not confonn exactly to census tract boundaries, 80 minor bounde;" adjustments were made wherever possib',e to simplify data collection e ~orts In Oakland and in other parts of the cit where substantial portions a tI cenSI s tract fall in ',lore than one neighborhood, th'~ ne::ghborhood c"lar'lcteriiti 8 or 11;:11 ld 1970 were arrived ~t b~ adding together data for the census blocks n lP e ~)or- l~o= te )v tem he statistics from sources other tlan t~e C l~. S w_~ ad ~ lva . tI >1E' anI c"mf;US tract, not bv census bloc the"'3fore a met :i 01 P '0: ~f", le de :r.! '"!c _Q~gh"'o~ 100<18 ",'U i Vf1~fleil Tl(! nooc,~dure alloc.ated dill o 'II h net "lbor"100d cont lin"' ng ',)art 1 ~en~u )1 t- c basis 01 t,le p oportion U L")tl "BI t pam· itlon, I.v: .sehoL:i8 )r h", &111 t ned in eac', 81 b-section. ~'o compensate fOT ,Jnde"-reportin6, the 1974 : igure ':or Ule neighborhood poplle ion has been increased by 1.11. a factor that was derJved from the U ) BurAeu 0 the Census 1973 population estimate for Plttsburgh, An additional a"'ustment has been made where applicable, since ,'olk and Co. does not count persons living in institutions or other group quarters. To arrive at the total estimated population for 1974, the neighborhood popu1Jtion was further increased by ~dd ng the number of persons in group quarters for the neighborhood according to tle 1970 ~ensut. d. Characteristics of the Sample: In Oakland, 377 citizens Bnswered the question naires . Based on the number of replies to each question, the characteristics of the respondents can be generally described as follows" an average age of 50: 63% female; 16% Black; 84% with at least four years of high school education; 39% homeowners, and an average of 18 years in the neighborhood. The median household income falls in the range of $10,000 to $14,999; the average household size is 2.95 persons; and 73~~ of the households have no members under 18 years old living in the home. The total sample (all respondents to the survey) was over-represented by homeowners (68'7., compared to 501'. for Pittsburgh in 1970) and under-represe'1ted by Blacks (14~1.. compared to a city Black population of 20~' in 1970). e. Voter Registration: In November. 1976, 10,939 resident,· of the neighborhood were registered to vote. an increase of 184 (+l.n) si',ce r.;'ovemher., 1975 In this period, city registration increased by 1.3% to 233.028 In the process of collecting data for this publication. the Pittsburgh Neighborhood Atlas staff was assisted by many community organizations. The following list reflects those organizations that we were able to make contact with in Oakland: South Oakland Citizens Council 3339 Ward Street Pitt.bur~h, Pa. (1965) 683-4531 Women in the Urban Crisis 4401 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh. Pa. 15213 (1969) 681-2250 Centre Craig Association 4609 Centre Avenue Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213 ,1973) 681-1432 Pittsbur~h Oakland American Association of Retired Persons '581 Church of the Ascension Corner of Neville and Ellsworth Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213 (1969) 261-3477 People's Oakland 320 Atwood Street Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213 (6 years) 683-7958 Community Human Services 374 Lawn Street Pittsburgh, Penna. 15213 (12 years) 621-4706 Husser-Powel Family Services 237 Oakland Avenue Pittsbur~h, Pa. 15213 (10 months) 621-9562 South Oakland Citizens Council (CAP office) Ward Street Pittsburgh, Pa, 15213 683-4531 Be11efie1d Area Citizens Association St. Pault~Rectory 108 North Ditheridge Street c/o Helen Schlenke - 681-0846 220 North Ditheridge Street Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213 Note: Dates in parenthesis indicate when or~anization8 started.