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BATTLEGROUND of FREEDOM No State Made a Greater Contribution to the Winning of America
A~ '562. 2 .· ~\l-2. C'op~ \ BATTLEGROUND OF FREEDOM No state made a greater contribution to the winning of America. Both Kosciusko and Count Pulaski, the Polish independence and the founding of the nation than South patriots, served with distinction in South Carolina. ·Carolina. Her sons served ably and well in the Con For nearly four years, South Carolina was spared the tinental Congress and many of her sons laid down their horrors of war, then Charleston fell in May, 1780, and lives on the altar of freedom so that liberty and in South Carolina became a conquered province. Except for dependence could be achieved. Her heroine daughters Marion, Sumter and Pickens and their gallant followers, are legends of the land. it seemed all was lost. After Camden, the tide began to Upon the soil of South Carolina more battles were turn with Musgrove's Mill, Hanging Rock, King's Moun fought than in any other state. Both Virginia and tain and Blackstock's. In October, Nathanael Greene, the Massachusetts have been referred to as "The Cradle of fighting Quaker from Rhode Island, was given command Liberty." South Carolina was "The Battleground of of the Continental troops in the South. Daniel Morgan, an Freedom." Men from many states and nations came to epic soldier of great courage, returned to active duty, In South Carolina and fought and died. Where they fought, 17'81, the British suffered a major defeat at Cowpens. The bled and died is sacred ground, consecrated by the blood Battles of Ninety Six, Hobkirk's Hill, and most promi of patriots. -
'Deprived of Their Liberty'
'DEPRIVED OF THEIR LIBERTY': ENEMY PRISONERS AND THE CULTURE OF WAR IN REVOLUTIONARY AMERICA, 1775-1783 by Trenton Cole Jones A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland June, 2014 © 2014 Trenton Cole Jones All Rights Reserved Abstract Deprived of Their Liberty explores Americans' changing conceptions of legitimate wartime violence by analyzing how the revolutionaries treated their captured enemies, and by asking what their treatment can tell us about the American Revolution more broadly. I suggest that at the commencement of conflict, the revolutionary leadership sought to contain the violence of war according to the prevailing customs of warfare in Europe. These rules of war—or to phrase it differently, the cultural norms of war— emphasized restricting the violence of war to the battlefield and treating enemy prisoners humanely. Only six years later, however, captured British soldiers and seamen, as well as civilian loyalists, languished on board noisome prison ships in Massachusetts and New York, in the lead mines of Connecticut, the jails of Pennsylvania, and the camps of Virginia and Maryland, where they were deprived of their liberty and often their lives by the very government purporting to defend those inalienable rights. My dissertation explores this curious, and heretofore largely unrecognized, transformation in the revolutionaries' conduct of war by looking at the experience of captivity in American hands. Throughout the dissertation, I suggest three principal factors to account for the escalation of violence during the war. From the onset of hostilities, the revolutionaries encountered an obstinate enemy that denied them the status of legitimate combatants, labeling them as rebels and traitors. -
Ch 5 NC Legislature.Indd
The State Legislature The General Assembly is the oldest governmental body in North Carolina. According to tradition, a “legislative assembly of free holders” met for the first time around 1666. No documentary proof, however, exists proving that this assembly actually met. Provisions for a representative assembly in Proprietary North Carolina can be traced to the Concessions and Agreements, adopted in 1665, which called for an unicameral body composed of the governor, his council and twelve delegates selected annually to sit as a legislature. This system of representation prevailed until 1670, when Albemarle County was divided into three precincts. Berkeley Precinct, Carteret Precinct and Shaftsbury Precinct were apparently each allowed five representatives. Around 1682, four new precincts were created from the original three as the colony’s population grew and the frontier moved westward. The new precincts were usually allotted two representatives, although some were granted more. Beginning with the Assembly of 1723, several of the larger, more important towns were allowed to elect their own representatives. Edenton was the first town granted this privilege, followed by Bath, New Bern, Wilmington, Brunswick, Halifax, Campbellton (Fayetteville), Salisbury, Hillsborough and Tarborough. Around 1735 Albemarle and Bath Counties were dissolved and the precincts became counties. The unicameral legislature continued until around 1697, when a bicameral form was adopted. The governor or chief executive at the time, and his council constituted the upper house. The lower house, the House of Burgesses, was composed of representatives elected from the colony’s various precincts. The lower house could adopt its own rules of procedure and elect its own speaker and other officers. -
Kettle Creek Battlefield American Revolutionary War National Park Study
Kettle Creek Battlefield American Revolutionary War National Park Study Remarks by N. Walker Chewning Chairman of the Board of the Kettle Creek Battlefield Association April 2, 2019 Good Afternoon! Why does the Kettle Creek Battlefield in Georgia during the American Revolution in 1779 deserve your attention? First: • As soon as most people hear “Georgia” they think of the Civil War. • That was an important conflict, but today we are focusing on the American Revolution: the war that led to the formation of the United States of America… • …and the War that has resulted in all of us being able to meet together- here- today. Second: • There were several American Revolutionary War engagements in the Colony of Georgia during the War for Independence… • … but the Battle of Kettle Creek was the only engagement the Patriots won in Georgia. Third: • The Kettle Creek Battlefield is ALSO A CEMETERY FOR SOLDIERS who died in that battle. • 18 graves have been located by cadaver dogs and verified by ground penetrating radar, archaeological studies of grave sites, and soil analysis. Fourth: • The Kettle Creek Battlefield is a pristine site: After the battle, the area returned to its agricultural roots. No development has been made to the currently-owned 252.5 acres in over 200 years. Fifth: • In 2019, the State of Georgia, the 13th American Colony, has NO American Revolutionary War National Parks. How did the American War for Independence come to Georgia? • The American Revolution began in Massachusetts in 1775. • Despite numerous battles to subdue the American Revolution in the Northern Colonies, by 1777, the war was at a stalemate. -
The SAR Colorguardsman
The SAR Colorguardsman National Society, Sons of the American Revolution Vol. 5 No. 1 April 2016 Patriots Day Inside This Issue Commanders Message Reports from the Field - 11 Societies From the Vice-Commander Waxhaws and Machias Old Survivor of the Revolution Color Guard Commanders James Barham Jr Color Guard Events 2016 The SAR Colorguardsman Page 2 The purpose of this Commander’s Report Magazine is to o the National Color Guard members, my report for the half year starts provide in July 2015. My first act as Color Guard commander was at Point interesting TPleasant WVA. I had great time with the Color Guard from the near articles about the by states. My host for the 3 days was Steve Hart from WVA. Steve is from my Home town in Maryland. My second trip was to South Carolina to Kings Revolutionary War and Mountain. My host there was Mark Anthony we had members from North Car- information olina and South Carolina and from Georgia and Florida we had a great time at regarding the Kings Mountain. Went home for needed rest over 2000 miles on that trip. That activities of your chapter weekend was back in the car to VA and the Tomb of the Unknown. Went home to get with the MD Color Guard for a trip to Yorktown VA for Yorktown Day. and/or state color guards Went back home for events in MD for Nov. and Dec. Back to VA for the Battle of Great Bridge VA. In January I was back to SC for the Battle of Cowpens - again had a good time in SC. -
W4728 James Martin
Southern Campaigns American Revolution Pension Statements & Rosters 1 Pension application of James Martin W4728 Martha Martin HQ19 & f86NC Transcribed by Will Graves 7/17/06 rev'd 8/8/14 [Methodology: Spelling, punctuation and/or grammar have been corrected in some instances for ease of reading and to facilitate searches of the database. Where the meaning is not compromised by adhering to the spelling, punctuation or grammar, no change has been made. Corrections or additional notes have been inserted within brackets or footnotes. Blanks appearing in the transcripts reflect blanks in the original. A bracketed question mark indicates that the word or words preceding it represent(s) a guess by me. The word 'illegible' or 'indecipherable' appearing in brackets indicates that at the time I made the transcription, I was unable to decipher the word or phrase in question. Only materials pertinent to the military service of the veteran and to contemporary events have been transcribed. Affidavits that provide additional information on these events are included and genealogical information is abstracted, while standard, 'boilerplate' affidavits and attestations related solely to the application, and later nineteenth and twentieth century research requests for information have been omitted. I use speech recognition software to make all my transcriptions. Such software misinterprets my southern accent with unfortunate regularity and my poor proofreading skills fail to catch all misinterpretations. Also, dates or numbers which the software treats as numerals rather than words are not corrected: for example, the software transcribes "the eighth of June one thousand eighty six" as "the 8th of June 1786." Please call material errors or omissions to my attention.] [p 5] Stokes County North Carolina October 1832 The Declaration of James Martin Sr. -
GOVERNOR ALEXANDER MARTIN (First Administration), 1781-1785, N.D
Governors’ Papers 1 Alexander Martin GOVERNOR ALEXANDER MARTIN (First Administration), 1781-1785, n.d. Arrangement: By record series, then chronological Reprocessed by: James Mark Valsame Date: September 3, 2009 Alexander Martin (1738 – November 2, 1807), merchant, lawyer, legislator, governor, and senator, was born at Lebanon, Amwell Township, Hunterdon County, NJ, the oldest son of Hugh and Jane Hunter Martin. Hugh Martin was born near Inniskilling, County Tyrone, Ireland, about 1700; Jane Hunter Martin was born in County Antrim, Ireland, about 1720. The two families migrated within a few years of each other in the late 1720s, landing at New Castle, DE, but settling soon afterwards in New Jersey, where Hugh and Jane first met and were married. Little is known of Alexander Martin’s childhood except for a comment of his brother that he did not speak a word until four. His father became a moderately prosperous farmer, served as a justice of the peace, and for a period conducted an English school. Alexander attended Francis Alison’s academy at New London, Connecticut, and then Newark College, which, while he was a student, was moved, under the direction of President Aaron Burr, to Princeton, N.J. Martin received A.B. (September 29,1756) and A.M. (1759) degrees from Princeton. After graduation he moved to Cumberland, Virginia, where, for just over a year, he served as a tutor to the son of N. Davies and conducted a school. He returned briefly to New Jersey, apparently on family business, before making a permanent move south to seek his fortune. Martin settled in Salisbury, NC, about 1760, and became a merchant. -
David Fanning and Retaliatory Violence Between Tories and Whigs in the Revolutionary Carolinas
“Blood for blood”: David Fanning and Retaliatory Violence between Tories and Whigs in the Revolutionary Carolinas By: Gregory Mayr History 586: Advanced Seminar in History Kansas State University Spring 2014 Professor Louise Breen Abstract This paper, relying primarily on Loyalist Colonel David Fanning’s personal narrative of the American Revolution, will argue that Fanning applied, in some of his actions, a form of retributive reasoning similar to that described by Historians Wayne E. Lee and Jeffrey J. Crow as typical for the revolutionary Carolinas. In Fanning’s case, the code by which he decided what to do in given situations was more complex than a one-dimensional law of retaliation; Fanning made an effort to incorporate conventional forms of honor into his actions, but harbored a great deal of distrust for his adversaries that came out of the experiences he had during the Revolution with his Whig opponents. His targets were purposive, aimed at Whig leadership, supplies and government officials. Fanning’s level of violence escalated toward the end of the revolution due to his genuine disdain for the rebels and his resentment at fighting what he eventually acknowledged to be a losing war. Keywords: Fanning; Retaliation; Retribution; lex talionis; Burke 2 On 28 February 1782, the infamous loyalist partisan David Fanning wrote a cold and threatening letter of protest to Governor Thomas Burke of North Carolina. The Whig government had hanged “three of my men, one Captain and two privates,” and was detaining an additional “Captain and six men under the sentence of death.”1 Fanning knew that the British cause had entered its death throes with the definitive American victory at Yorktown, Virginia, in October, 1781, but fighting units remained mobilized until the signing of the peace treaty in 1783, and in the meantime governments throughout the former colonies had to make decisions about how to deal with the militia men who continued the civil war in the southern frontier. -
Nancy Louise Crockett Papers
Manuscripts Collections South Caroliniana Library University of South Carolina Nancy Louise Crockett Papers Contact Information: South Caroliniana Library University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 803-777-3132 Email: [email protected] © 2018 University of South Carolina Libraries TABLE OF CONTENTS Biographical Sketch . 2 Scope and Content Note . 2 Description of Series . 3 Series List . 4 Container List . 5 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Nancy Louise Crockett was born on 22 Feb. 1913, in Riverside, Lancaster County, South Carolina, to Nancy Estelle (1 Aug. 1879-25 Feb. 1973) and Rufus Calhoun Crockett (29 Nov. 1874-14 May 1948). In 1929, Crockett graduated from Lancaster High School, valedictorian of her class. She attended Winthrop College and graduated, magna cum laude, in 1933. As a student, she was a member of the French Literary Society and the Royal Order of Strawberry Leaf, Winthrop’s Debating Society. Crockett taught History at H.R. Rice Elementary School for forty-five years. Through most of this time, she also served as the school’s principal. In the course of her career, she received several awards, including the Valley Forge Freedom Foundation Classroom Teacher’s Medal and Award in 1963 and the Lederer-Lawson award, recognizing her contributions to historical research, in 1968. Crockett also participated in a variety of local historical and professional organizations such as the Carolinas Genealogical Society, Lancaster County Historical Society, South Carolina Educational Association, and Waxhaws Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Throughout her life, she has remained an active member of Old Waxhaw Presbyterian Church, one of South Carolina’s oldest and most historic churches. -
BATTLE of KETTLE CREEK Remarks of Judge Ed Butler, Secretary General, NSSAR, Principal Speaker, Kettle Creek Battle Ceremonies, at the Pope Center on Feb
BATTLE OF KETTLE CREEK Remarks of Judge Ed Butler, Secretary General, NSSAR, principal speaker, Kettle Creek Battle ceremonies, at the Pope Center on Feb. 14, 2009, in Washington, GA. President Towns, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen. We are here today to honor the memory of the Georgia patriots who fought near here 230 years ago today. Through their courage and determination, they defeated an army with over twice as many men under arms. The Battle of Kettle Creek was the most important battle of the American Revolutionary War to be fought in Georgia. The battle was fought on February 14, 1779, near this location at Battle Hill. The victory by the American Patriot Militia virtually ended the movement to remain loyal to the England among Georgians. Loyalist and neutral Georgians were no longer vocal opponents. The Patriot force that engaged a larger Tory Militia force was led by Colonels Andrew Pickens, who later was promoted to General; John Dooly, who was later murdered by British regulars; and Elijah Clarke, who was also later promoted to General. Andrew Pickens lead his own force of 200 militiamen and was joined by the force of100- 140 militiamen led by John Dooly. Together, these 300-340 men launched a surprise attack on the Tory force of 700 men led by Colonel James Boyd. Pickens' force circled and followed the Tory force without their knowledge until he launched the surprise attack on February 14, 1779. The encamped Tories were not wholly surprised, as their pickets fired upon approaching Patriot scouts. Thereafter, a fierce battle ensued and Tory leader James Boyd was killed. -
Honor New Bern's 300Th Anniversary
GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA SESSION 2009 RATIFIED BILL RESOLUTION 2010-19 HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION 2077 A JOINT RESOLUTION HONORING THE FOUNDERS OF THE CITY OF NEW BERN ON THE OCCASION OF THE CITY'S THREE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY. Whereas, New Bern was founded in 1710 by Swiss and German settlers at the confluence of the Neuse and Trent Rivers on the site of a former Native American community called Chattawka; and Whereas, Christopher de Graffenried, a member of a prominent family from the area around Bern, Switzerland, founded and laid out the center of the City, which he named New Bern in honor of his native home; and Whereas, despite early difficulties, including disagreements with the native population, New Bern prospered during the mid-eighteenth century as a major port and trading center; and Whereas, Royal Governor William Tryon selected New Bern as the site of the first permanent capital of colonial North Carolina and had a palace built to serve as the seat of government and the home of the Governor; and Whereas, New Bern served as the location of a number of noteworthy events, including the first Provincial Congress in defiance of British orders in 1774; the first meeting of the General Assembly in 1777; visits by George Washington and sitting Presidents James Monroe and Harry Truman; during Civil War occupation developed important black leaders who contributed to the Union Army and helped begin the Freedmen's Bank and Bureau; and the invention of "Brad's Drink" by pharmacy owner, Caleb Bradham, in 1898, which was later known -
THE NORTH CAROLINA BOOKLET Mrs
J> Vol. XVI JULY, 1916 No. 1 North Carolina Booklet GREAT EVENTS IN 'mm NORTH CAROLINA HISTORY PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY THE NORTH CAROLINA SOCIETY DAUGHTERS OF THE REVOLUTION RALEIGH, N. C. CONTENTS PAGE. William Alexander Graham 3 By Chief Justice Waxtee Clabk. James Cochran Dobbin 17 By Henry Elliot Shepherd, M.A., LL.D. Selwyn 32 By Violet G. Alexander. An Educational Practice in Colonial North Carolina 39 By Edgar W. Knight. Biographical and Genealogical Memoranda 52 Genealogical Department 59 SINGLE NUMBERS 35 CENTS $1.00 THE YEAR Entered at the Postoffice at Raleigh. N. C, July 15. 1905. under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879 — The North GaroHna Booklet Great Events in North Carolina History Volume XVI of The Booklet will be issued quarterly by the North Carolina Society, Daughters of the Revolution, beginning July, 1916. The Booklet will be published in July, October, January, and April, Price $1.00 per year, 35 cents for single copy. Editor : Miss Mary Hilliard Hinton. Biographical Editor: Mrs. E. E. Moffitt. VOLUME XVI. Isaac Shelby : Revolutionary Patriot and Border Hero—Dr. Archi- bald Henderson. An Educational Practice in Colonial North Carolina—Edgar W. Knight. George Selwyn—Miss Violet G. Alexander. Martha McFarlane Bell, a Revolutionary Heroine—Miss Mary Hil- liard Hinton. North Carolinians in the President's Cabinet, Part III : William A. Graham—Chief Justice Walter Clark. Historic Homes, Part VII : The Fountain, the Home of Colonel Davenport—Colonel Edmund Jones. North Carolinians in the President's Cabinet, Part IV : James Cochran Dobbin—Dr. Henry Elliot Shepherd. A History of Rowan County—Dr.