\ ec5 :
COURT EXECUTIVE TRAINING PROGRAM DESIGN
Documentation of First Training Effort:
Institute for Court Management , 1971
Geoffrey S. Gallas
Assistant Executive Director and Educational Consultant,
Institute for Court Management
Research Associate,
University of Denver College of Law
This report has been made possible by a grant from the United States Department of Justice, Law Enforcement Assistanp Administration, National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice. P RE FACE
The major use of this document will be in the design of
University and extra-university development programs in the justice arena, Throughout the course of the first three Court Executive
Development Programs, university professors (theoreticians) and active court administrators and judges (practitioners) have partici- pated in the design and redesign of the educational effort. In meetings, through correspondence and actual participation in the program, members of the Panel appointed by the National Academy of
Public Administration, members of Visiting Committee of Judges led by Chief Justice Burger, and members of the outstanding and committed
Institute Alumni have been able to guide ICM's program.
The University of Denver College of Law has degree programs in Judicial Administration and provides a home to this project. Thanks is due to a loyal and honest friend and adversary, Becky Kechter. She served as a typist, editorial board, and critic.
Judge Shirley Hufstedler took time from her demandinq schedule and reviewed a draft of this document. She significantly reduced the tenacity which would have been required of the reader.
My bosses, teachers and tormenters are Ernest C. Friesen and
R.T. Williams. The two of them aiong with the writer, R.T.'s wife,
Marianne, and Bill Whittaker shared the mountains and valleys during the journey which are described in this document.
i Table of Contents I. Introduction 1 TI. The Institute for Court Management: A Summary of the First Two Years and the Future 3
111. Institute for Court nlanagement Development Program, Purposes, Goals and Philosophy 8 IV . Pre-Intern Program 1971 13 A. Overall Program Sequence 15 B. Immersion 15 C. Development Seminar 20 D. Internship 24 E. Books Distributed Prior to Summer Classwork 41 F. Sumer Classwork 42
G. Closing Seminar 43 H. Present Professional Positions Held by 1971 Pre-Intern Fellows 47 V. Post-Intern Program 1971 50 A. Overall Program Sequence 51 B. Immersion 53 C. Summer Classwork 55 D. Internship 89 E. Final Seminar 134 F. Present Professional Positions Held by 1971 Post-Intern Fellows 147 VI. Selection Process - 1972 Class 147 VIl. Changes in Projected Institute for Court Management Program for 1972 150
ii Table ~f Cqntentg (cQntd.1
VIII, Workshops in CoprC &flministration 152 IX. Summqry of 1972 ghqmges 158
X. University and ExbrqnUniversity Adaptations 160
XI. Appendix A - Fresenf Ppsitioss Held by 1970 Graduates 169 XII. Appendix B - Brief Qiqqraphical Sketches, Pre-Iptern 1971 Class 173 XIII. Appendix C - Br4ef qlographical Sketches, Post-Intern 1971 Class 179 XIV. Appendix D - Brief aiographical Sketches, 1972 Class 190 XV. Appendix E - SmalJ Madel Library for Court Executives 207
iii 1, INTRODUCTION
The Institute for Court Management (ICY) is a recent addition to the family of organizations serving the judiciary. One focus of
ICM has been on the development of professional managers to administer
the courts.
(For a full description of the EIistory, Formation and Funding of
the Institute for Court Management see G. Gallas, Court Executive Training Program 1970: Documentation of the First Training Effort - Institute for Court Management, pp. 1-12). During 1970, the Institute
initiated its first development program with thirty-one particioants. This program is described in detail in the report noted above. The
report to follow will be descriptive of the 1971 development programs. During 1971 two programs occurred. For lack of better terms,
the first class consisting of twenty-two individuals has been called the Pre-Intern Class (internship prior to formal classwork); and the
second class consisting of thirty-five individuals has been called the Post-Intern Class (internship subsequent to formal classwork). As of December, 1971, the Institute developed eighty-seven Fellows for Court
Management and related positions over a one-and-a-half year period.
SKETCHES OF PROGRAMS The first group of twenty-two (Pre-Interns) commenced their
program on April 12, 1971, and concluded on Septenber 17, 1971. The
second class (Post-Interns) began on June 15, 1971, and compJeted their six-month development program on December IO, 1971. PRE-INTERNS
The Pre-Interns experienced a five-phase sequence which differed
-1- two-week Immersign. The Immersion was followed by an eleven-day Development Seminar in which plans were $aid for gn eight-week Intern- ship. Following the Internship, this group was in residepce for class- work for nina weeks. Their prograp copcluded with a ten-dgy Closing -Seminar. In summary, the Pre-Iqterp's program had the following design:
Immersion, Development Seminar, Internship, Classwork, and Closing Semingr . POST-INTERNS
This second group experienced the same sequence as the 1970 class Qf thirty-one. They began with a two week Lmmersion; this Immersion was folloyed by a nine-week Classwwk seqtian. (The two
1971 groups and their families were in residence together during the nine-week Classwork section). The Post-Interns moved from Classwork t0 a thirteen-week Internship. The Internship was folJowed by a two- week -Seminar which Concluded a six-month development program.
In summary, the Post-Intern's program had the following sequence: Immersion, Classwork, Internship and Seminar. This report begins with a capsule of the Institute's past and future and a summary statement of what appears to be ICM's education44 purpose and philosophy. Following is a detailed description of the two
1971 development programs. The report concludes with a description of some of the basic changes to be implemented in 1972 and recammendations concerning future efforts and university and extra-university adaptations. ILTHE INSTITUTE FOR COURT MANAGEMENT: A SUMWRY OF THE FIRST TWO
YEARS AND ,THE FUTURE' I 3. .I
1, Lk There is no organ of the society whose present state is more I L symptomatic of the challenges that face us than the justice system.
Jl i' t The Institute for Cour Management was formed in response to a plea I for change by the Chief Justice of the United States on August 12,
1969. Under the lea ip of Ernest C. Friesen, Jr.,, the Institute I has developed into a le-oriented (justice administration) organi-
zation that will not only train and develop court managers, but will
\I also participate in the efforts of other groups in the field, provide
4 service to the organizat , and stimulate and conduct research and scholarship. i Like any organization, the Institute for Court Management (ICM) 43 has a modus operandi. . .a set of norms and predispositions that control
its collective behavior. As ICY'S first class completed their training,
the Institute became increasingly aware of the necessity of making
explicit a consistent educational philosophy.
From its beginning, the Institute had a strong commitment to a
total system orientation to the judicial environment. James Webb,
formerly the Administrator of NASA and a member of the Institute's
Board of Trustees, articulated this bias most eloquently when he told the first claqs, "Know your arena."
The Institute's six-month course is designed to give each indi-
vidual Fellow immersion in the judicial arena. One result is the
Institute's emphasis on field experience rather than classroom instruc-
tion. While in the field, trainees study relationships and interfaces
-3- l and focus on functionally interacting systems (e.g. , sentencing and information sub-systems) in contrast to isolated structural sub-systems
(e.g., the Probation Department and the Clerk's Office). A major aim
of the program is rigorous exposure to the internal and external envi- ronment of the judiciary. Approximately one-half of each Institute class are making a career
change. The Institute supports their attendance through a management
fellowship, The other half are federal and state court employeee, usually in an administrative capacity, sent by their courts at court
expense. During 1972, the ratio will change to one-third with fellow-
ships, two-thirds with state or federal support. The first class was composed of 31 members, 22 of whom presently
hold positions as court administrators. Six are State Court Administra-
tors or staff to State Court Administrabors; eleven serve in State Trial
Courts and five work within the Federal Judiciary. Six are employed in related areas, such as the National College of The State Judiciary, The
Institute Of Judicial Administration, The Federal Judicial Center and The Institute for Court Management. Three are in teaching positions.
Appendix A includes a complete listing of the positions held by the 1970 class.
During 1971, the Institute conducted two classes with 56 students.
The second of these two classes graduated on December_- 10, 1971, in Denver
I at the Colorado Supreme Court.
The twenty-two men who made up the first 1971 class were generally
senior executives with extensive administrative experience in government.
-4- Twelve were federgl executives, five caqe from the federal courts, and
five from state court systems.
This senior group wrote an extensive report on the federal judic-
iary based on their observations during the Internships and the learn-
ings of a six-month experience. The normal sequence of the course (see
pages 1 & 2) differed for this group. They began with an Immersion,
followed by a ten-day Development Seminar, a nine-week Internship, a
nine-week summer Classwork section, and after a brief break, a two-week
Seminar devoted to the preparation of a final report on the fedgral
judiciary. This course design proved educationally sound with this
group of experienced managers, but it was expensive in time and money
because of the logistics involved. The thirty-three men and one woman who made up the third Institute
class were similar in background to the first (1970) Institube class
and had a similar six-month program. There were slight chanqes in the
Immersion to offer a more valuable experience to those with experience
in the judicial arena, a greater emphasis on the Fellows as teaching
resources iq the Classwork section with more attention on the climate
needed for an effective cross-fertilization of information. Substan-
tively the content of the summer program remained fairly constant--the
major changes were in the sequence of topics, a focus on the definitiQn
of learning needs by the participants, more choice in the curriculum,
and a greater awareness of the importance of an effective learninq cli- mate. In addition, changes were dictated by the increased size of the
group from thirty-one in 1970 to fifty-six in 1971, all of whom were in
-5- I
residence during the Classwork section. Finally , under the direction
of an experienced educator, an extensive program for all family members
was introduced in the 1971 summer session. By the choice of the Fellows, the Internship was directed more toward management surveys than to a
social science research survey. The final seminar, although similarly
designed as a summary of the Internship, had proportionately more effort
placed on going beyond the sharing of Internship reports in opposition to
a recap and review of the Internship.
On January 1, 1972, thirty-six of the fifty-six 1971 Fellows were
employed as court administrators in state (81, trial (20) and federal
(8) courts. Twelve were working in agencies and organizations which are
directly related to and/or supportive of court administration and court
administrators. Five 1971 Fellows, all senior federal ._executives , have returned to their old jobs in the United States judiciary. All of them
.have applied for one or more of the recently created federal circuit
court executive positions. Two 1971 Fellows are completing law degrees
and one^ person is presently unemployed. A complete listing of the
positions held by the 1971 class members is included on pages 142-146.
In addition to the development program, the Institute dQes court
studies , funded largely by a grant from the Law Enforcement Assistance
Administration. During Fiscal Year 1971, studies were conducted in the.. following areas: .-
1) Felony Processing in Denver, Clcveland and Houston.
2) Civil Calendar Management in Boston , Detroit , and Minneapolis.
33 Descriptive Analysis of the Municipal Courts in Minneapolis and Cleveland.
- €i - 4) Missouri State-Wide Uniform Court Information System Project.
5) Management Survey of The Clerk's Offices, 16th and 21st Judicial Circuits of Missouri.
6) Comparison of Felony Dispositions in Montgomery County, Maryland and Baltimore.
7) Colorado Records Management Project (Initial Data Collection Phase only).
ICM and the National College of State Trial Judges sponsored the
Williamsburg Conference of Chief Judges and Court Administrators. ICM also participated with the College in organizational devesopment pro- cesses in Portland, Oregon: Detroit, Michigan: and Omaha, Nebraska during Fiscal Year 1971.
The Institute is presently conducting management studies under contract in Ventura, Houston, Providence, Fort Wayne and Richmond (In- diana) . Several other studies are contemplated. The Institute intends to cut new ground with its study program. WQrk is continuing from the initial LEAA grant outlined on the previous paqe. The emphasis during
1971-1972 has been on implementation of the 1970-1971 study recommenda- tions together with comparative surveys in juvenile court systems. In addition, a number of other preliminary surveys have been performed as a part of the Internship program for ICM Fellows.
ICM will gradually move toward providing workshops and seminars for established court personnel. During the 1972 summer session, a five-week tuition-supported workshop for active practitioners will be overlapped with the regular nine-week program. One-week seminars have been conducted with Administrative Judges in Indiana and administrative county personnel in Ventura.
-7- II1,INSTITUTE FOR COURT MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAV, PURPOSES, GOALS, AND PHILOSOPHY
The basic goal is to develog managers for the judiciary. Court
executives must be capable of keeping the existing structure above
water while working to change it. A distinction is accurately made
between the administrative apparatus and decision making as it concerns
individual cases. Court managers do not and should not make judicial
decisions or set fundamental court policy. The role and responsibility
of a Court Executive involves the people and technology to support the
administration of Justice. Justice, not efficiency, is the primary
objective of court administration. The goals of the Judiciary have
been identified to include: * Individual justice in individual cases * The appearance of justice being done - the administration of justice in a balanced manner * The administration and management of the judicial process in the most equitible manner
* The influence of the growth and modification of the law
* The protection of individuals against the public and the
executive and legislative branches of government
The job of a Court Executive includes budgeting, finance, recruit-
ment, training, supervision of supporting personnel (including pro-
fessionals and task specialists) and managing public relationships
(including the legislative and the executive), collecting, processinq, analyzing- and publishing data concerning the operation of the court,
annual reports, the deployment and maintenance of records, files and
-8- modern business machines (including computers). The management of the
court's calendar, assistance in establishing priorities within boun-
daries of existing resources, provide for a court ' s administrative
flexibility in response to changing demands. The court is an insti-
tution with limited resources and must, therefore, establish priorities.
The execution of policy decisions results in the actual definition and
establishment of the priorities which are felt in the daily routine.
The Court Executive can be influential during this process.
Court Executives need to understand the total arena surrounding
the judiciary. They need to have internalized the purpose of the
courts and their relationship to other governmental units in our demo-
cratic system. Court Executives must have an understanding of the
dynamics of the judicial process and the role that each of the partici-
pants plays. All different types of law suits--civil, criminal,
domestic relations, juvenile, equity, probate present different prob-
lems. The judiciary imposes constraints on traditional concepts of management because of the requirements of county, state and federal
government, the adversary process, the jury system, and the necessary
independence of the judiciary. The modern manager should have the under-
standing and skills of the management styles most applicable to the
courts. It is the Institute's philosophy that personal development is an essential part of any Executive Development Program. Research
clearly indicates that personal skill, style and characteristics play
a major role in the success or failure of the manager, especially in
a complex administrative system like the judiciary. The personal skills
of executives can be increased by simulation, role playing, workshops
-9- and lectures about the findings of social scientists. Areas of special importance include perception, motivation, organizational
strwture, role, culture, and learning theory. Executives must understand the effect of their behavior on others and the effect of their behavior on him; this understanding must occur on both a lrgutl' and "head" level. Necessary skills and understanding include the scientific method and experimental techniques in-evaluating the effect of qhanqes or proposed changes in method. Every executive must be familiar with the capabilities and limitations of social science research techniques as applied to the justice system.
The goal of the Institute is to provide an intensive, compre- henqive program touching all the relevant dimensions outlined above. An important bias of the Institute is the emphasis placed on the environqenf. In broad terms, the managerial role varies little from one context to another. It involves similar organizational patterns. Throughout the six-month learning process, an attempt is made to relate universal patterns of management to the unique culture surrounding the courts. Internally, the judiciary, like the hospital, has a host of words, symbols, customs, and rites of passage which must be understood and accepted by the initiate, i.e., an emerging professional--the
Court Executive. The court is a complex administrative system--internally because of the host of prgfessionals and task specialists who work within it, and externally due to the variety of governmental institutions and agencies, private organizations and selected publics and individuals which interface with the court. A relatively routine matter such as the creation and maintenance of records, commonly demands the cooperation of private attorneys, public defenders, attorney generals, the county
- 10 - clerk, the court clerk, probation officers, representatives of other governmental agencies such as the welfare department, staff from the county and court clerk and the court executive, private purveyors of modern equipment, such as microfilm, etc. Because of the variety of actors and roles, a team approach is necessary but must be actualized within an authoritarian culture. The court is called upon to inter- vene in myriads of social problems. Its responsibility includes correction and rehabilitation, counseling of floundering marriages, collection and disbursement of funds, and a host of additional re-
sponsibilities. The Court Executive must coordinate the administrative apparatus to support this ever-increasing complexity of the adminis- tration of justice.
The Institute's program makes the basic assumption that learninq is a process occurring over time and that all learning must be struc- tured with the understanding that in a modern age all effective learning is a preparation for future learninq. It is recognized that learning involves the choosing activity of the individual. As a result, a large portion of time during the development program is sDent in the field. The effort is to provide intellectual, highly pertinent exper- ience which occurs in the actual target culture--the judiciary. It assumes that learning will be accelerated if course material centers around an experientiql frame of reference. It is assumed as well that experience opens up the individual, makes the developing court executive more flexible in his perception of the courts, and assists him in reaching a higher level of abstraction about the operation of the court.
- 11 - The ability to conceive of the court in increasingly abstract terms is promoted by highly relevant experience related to factual understanding, and this increasing abstraction opens up an individual and provides a platform for flexibility and adaptation to changing events and situa- tions. A basic attitude of inquiry as a means to problem solving is one goal; information will ideally be used to modify rather than rein- force old attitudes and perceptions.
In Court Executive Training Program 1970: Documentation of the First
Training Effort--Institute for Court Management, pp. 195-206, a philoso- phy of education is further articulated. The human resource is the- resource of the future. Sixty percent of the jobs that exist today did not exist twenty-five years ago, and recent studies indicate that one-half of all new occupations are short-lived. One-fifth of the
people in the United States change their address each pear. The effort ~ is to develop Court Executives who have personal and technical skills to adjust to such a world.
For each class of Fellows 1CP.I tries to select Bersons who repre- sent different aspects of the court's culture among the class. The experience of the Fellows is used as a teaching resource wherever pos- sible.
- 12 - PRE-INTERN PROGRAM 1971
ICM undertook two programs in 1971. The firsf began On qpri$ and ended in early September. This prqgram is briefly outlined in the introduction on pages 1 & 2. The Pre-Intern Class was formed to increase the pool of qualified applicants avaiLabLe to fill eleven newly created positions--Federal
Circuit Court Executives.
On January 5, 1971, Congress amended Section 332 of TiCLe 28 of the United States Code by enacting Public Lay 91-647. This law provides that the Judicial Council of each Federal Circuit may appoint a Cizrauit
Executive trom qmong persons who shall he certified hv a Board of Cerr tification. In responding to bn inquiry of Chief Justice Burger, the Institute gafhered a group of twenty-two individuals with hroad admin- istrative experieqce in the government with both the Federal Executive (twelve persons) , Federal Judiciary (five persons), and StaGe Judiciary (five persons), The Institute's aim was to provide an intensive five- month development program which would qualify twenty-two additional candidates fQrCircuit Court Executive positians.
SUMWRY OF BACKGROUNDS The twenty-two people in the Pre-Intern Class range in age from twenty-eight to sixty, The mean age of the Pre-Interns is 42.7, and. the median is 46. Fourteen had previous experience in the judiciary; eight did not. The highest degree achieved bv eleven of the Fellows is a J.D. or LL.B., four have Master's Degrees, four have Bachekor's and additional graduate work, and three have not received any fleqree from a university, five have more than two degrees. Nine states and
- 13 - the District of Columbia are represented. On the average, each Pre-Intern Fellow has over fifteen years of governmental experience in an administrative capacity. Brief
biographical sketches of each individual are included as Appendix B.
...... I. .I . .- .;, - ... -. . .. ._ . .- ...... I.: ..
.. . . -.
.- ...... ,
- 14 - A,OVERALL PROGRAM SEIQUENCE The Pre-Inteyn Prqgram had five phases, beginning with a two- week ImeFsiQn. Following the Immgrsion was a ten-day Development \ -Seminar. A foc~gof the ten-day DeveJopment Seminar was an outline of an eight-week Internship in the FedeFal Court System. Upon comple- tion of the Internqhip, the FeJlows and their families arrived at 8nowmass-af-Aspen fpr ning yeqks of CPasswork. The Pre-Interns parti- cipated with a second class (Post-Interns) in an intensive learnivg
experience throyghout the summer months. Time was allocated for the Pre-Intern$ to write a repoyt which summarized their experience during
the Internship. Sfter taking families home, the Pre-Interns returned
to COlorado for a Cloging Seminar. The focus of the closing seminar
was a group repor$ @?scribing a management system for the federal ju-
diciary.
B. IMMERSION v Because the Pre-Interns were to spend their Internship in federal courts, they were assigned to state courts near their homes. This was done to provide an exposure to both systems and a basis for comparison.
The Immersion is designed as a direct exposure to the target cul-
ture. The aim is tp provide an experiential framework which Interns can associate with aspects of the courts to be discussed at later stages of the program. Several of the Fellows are very experienced managers
and/or have had a lengthy tenure within the judiciary. The Pre-Intern
Immersion was designed to renew or introduce each of these Fellow's familiarity with selected aspects of the court's operations. Quite
purposely an over-abundance of work was assigned for the available time, to insure that the "judicially experienced" would find aspects of the
1 15 - problem as assigned with which they were unfamiliar and wou'l'd, as a result, investigate.
The goals of the two-week Immersion were:
To make Fellows more aware of the Court environment,
including the physical, human, political, economic,
structural and historical traditional aspects of that 1 environment. *I
To make Fellows aware of the need for the anplication ,. of modern management skills and techniques in the'
Court environment.
TO prepare the Fellows for a process of identifyinq
their personal learning needs for the remainder of
the Court Management Program.
To provide Fellows with a background for the development
of a study plan for the Internship phase of the Program.
Each Fellow received the following outline which sugqested a guide, approach, and techniques to accomplish those goals. Each was left room to pursue his individual interests if hi's activities were directed toward the stated goals of the Immersion.
SUGGESTED GUIDE TO IMMERSION
Aetivi ty Time Allotment
1. Observe a criminal arraignment 1-2 hours session
- 16 - 2. Observe a criminal sentencing 2-4 hours session
3. Observe a short criminal or civil 1 day jury trial from beginning to end
4. Select three cases of the following 1 day types in which the records of the court have already been closed:
a. A felony case in which there was a conviction and a court disposition involving either probation or a prison sentence.
b. An:automobile accident case involving personal injuries which was tried to a jury and which resulted in a verdict.
c. A domestic relations case which was contested and resulted in a judgment.
Trace the processes through which each of the three cases passed in reaching disposition and identify the steps and stages of the process and the roles nlayed by each of the participants.
5. Yeet and interview the persons on 2 days all levels who are involved in the system.
a. Judges
b. Lawyers c. Prosecutors
d. Clerical and administrative personnel
e. Civil litigants
f. Criminal defendants g. Jurors
h. Witnesses
i. Law enforcement officers - 17 - 6. Examine and observe the operations being carried out with special emphasis on:
a. Record creation and management 2 days
b. Personnel
c. 'Finances
d. Space, facilities and equipment
e. Case flow and case load
f. Processes for scheduling cases for hearing
g, Public relations
7. Determine the actual organizational 1 day structure:
a. Among the judges
b. Between the judges and the administrative staff -
c. Among the administrative staff
d. Between the court you study and other levels of courts within the system
8. Obtain and examine training manuals, 1 day policy and procedure manuals and SOP'S
9. Obtain statistics.reflecting the 1 day following :
a. Case load by kinds of cases
b. Average or median times of diqposition of cases c. Juror usage
The students were instructed to keep a daily journal noting the experiences they had, their perceptions of what they saw and heard, the perceptions of those actors they met, and the questions which oc,curred
- 18 - to them to which they were unable to find answers. The journal was to be used as a guide fqr further development and growth.
- 19 - \ C-DEVELOPMENT SEMINAR
After an Immersion experience in state trial courts, the-group
met in a residential setting to design an Internship experience. In
part, this seminar was designed to accelerate the formation of a group.
The first day of the Seminar was devoted to team building, and tQ the
development of an open climate which promotes creative problem solving.
Those sessions were facilitated by Drs. R.T. and Marianne Williams.
The second phqse of the Seminar was a problem-solving sequence
by Dr. Malcolm Knowles. It was designed to identify the competencies
necessary to accomplish the Internship. The ICM faculty initiated
the process by brainstorming the dimensions of needed competencies. ,
Groups of Fellows generated priority listings of comoetencies, The
ICM staff then worked with individuals to define their specific need$.
The learning needs which were identified included Pre-Entry
knowledge and skills, skills of obtaining knowledge during a study,
operational skills, an understanding of the goals of the Internship
(including the constraints), and determining and articulating the major methodological approach to be utilized, and exploring this methodology .
during the remainder of the Development Seminar. This phase of the
program concluded with two days of active teaching by the Fellows and
Faculty present.
The instruction dealt with the essential elements of knowledge and skills which needed to be covered prior eo the discussion and finalization of an Internship project. Specific topizs included:
The Nature of the Court Study Goals: Givens and Possible Approaches,
Management Concepts, The Federal Court System, Civil and Criminal Case
- 20 - Processing, Typical Federal Clerk’s Organization Chart, Organization
Control, Techniques of Management Control as Applied to a Jury System,
Theory of Congestion and Delay, Selection of Chief Judges, Resources of Federal Courts, Research Techniques, Methodology and Statistics.
With completion of this second phase, attention was directed to the preparation of a study design. Three possible approaches to the study design were analyzed:
Functioil Sub-system Study (See G. Gallas, Court Exequtive Training
Program, 1970: Documentation of First Training EffOrt: Institute for Court Management, pp. 83-123) , People Interactions and Relationships, and The Court as an Information Network. The Court as an Information
Network was chosen. A standardized approach was chosen in order to
insure common experiences and comparable data which could be later
synthesized. As mentioned earlier, only Federal Courts were’ to be studied. The goal was to be a broad management-oriented study which
cut across institutional lines. The attempt was to construct a study guide which would give insighttinto the process by which the judiciary
attains its goals. The guide included the following sections:
Basic Information
What are the Resources of the Court?
How are the Resources Allocated? How are cases processed through the Court?
History, organization of the Court?
What is the Records Communication System, and how does it work?
What is the External Environment?
- 21 - Study Format - Mini.mum Data Collection Guide
Document a ti on
Information Inputs to Sys tem
Operations Related
Resource Related \
Internally Generated Information
Operations Related -
Resource Related
Information Outputs of System
Operations Related
Resource Related
The entire Study Guide is reproduced in the followinc; section of the report (pages 24-40).
The design of the Internship Study' Guide was directed by William
Whittaker (see page 59). The primary resource was the Fellows and a variety of group processes were utilized to arrive at a Study design outline which had approval of the entire group. !;I Six faculty members were in residence throughout the Seminar as facilitators. These six were:
Ernest C. Friesen
Geoffrey S. Gallas
Joseph Jordan
William H. Whittaker
Marianne Wil'liams
R.T. Williams
A number of readings and charts were distributed during the course of the Development Seminar. These included:
- 22 - Federal Judicial Center, Annual Report First Revision, "Selected
Charts and Appendices ," Federal Judicial Center, Washinqton, D.C.,
1971, pp. 14-16, A2-AS.
Gallas, Geoffrey S. and Whitehurst, William, "Brief Description of Common Statistical Concepts and Measures, 'I (Unpublished, prepared for the Institute for Court Yanagement, 1971).
Haynes, H. Paul, "Bibliography of Court Administration Related
Readings ,I' (Unpublished, prepared for the Institute for Court Planage- ment, 1971). "Introduction to Federal Courts, Systems (a pamphlet) , Institute of Judicial Administration, (Unpub- lished, prepared at the Institute for Court Manayement, 1971).
Knowles , Malcolm, "Sqrne Benchmarks of a Helpful Consultant"
(adapted from David H. Jenkins "The Helping Relationship, 'I Adult
Education Association Leadership Pamphlet, No. 7, Supervision and
Consultation, pp. 5-6, unpublished, 1970).
- 23 - D, INTERNSHIP
The Internship was to be a broad management study of the federal
courts. The basic goal, however, was individual learning about court
operations and management. The secondary goal was the later applica-
tion of the managerial backgrounds of the members of the group to data
gathered during the Internship. During the Develonment Seminar, teams
of Interns were established, and courts were selected by each team in
which to serve their Internships. Each team consisted of one gr more
persons with management backgrounds and one or more persons with legal
or judicial backgrounds. Each team member had skills and knowledge
which complemented his Intern partners. Each Internship court to be
studied was contacted. by ICPI prior to the Interns' arrival to deal
with the concerns that the court personnel might have about being the
subject of an Internship study.
Periodic visits were made to each Intern team by an IC?l faculty
member to provide assistance, guidance and spread information and
insights from one Internship sight to the next. The Interns did not
write formal reports during the Internship period, but they maintained
informal diaries and notes of the information gathered.
The objectives identified for the. Internship bv the Pre-Interns
in collaboration with the ICPI faculty are listed below:
Internship Objectives
1. To increase our knowledge about our justice system and
to be able to communicate that knowledge effectively
to others.
- 24 - 2. To increase our skill in being able to understand the
complex court system and to be able to communicate that
understanding to others.
3. To increase ouk skill in being able to work together as
a team achieving both group and individual goals and to
be able to demonstrate that skill to others.
4. To provide us the opportunity of making our unique group
and individual contributions to judicial administration
during and subsequent to the process of tkis study.
Althourjh ttic Internship Outline Study Gvide did not provj.de indi- viduals enough flexibility in achieving learnins objectives, it did serve as a reference and starting point for each Intern team. The studies pursued by the Interns extended beyond the parameters outlined by the Study Guide. These departures were encouraged as most individuals appeared to be in pursuit of learning to develop areas of personal de- ficiency and special interest. In-depth studies were conducted in eight
United States District Courts, brief studies were made of eight United
States Courts of Appeals, and to provide for comparative studies, eleven additional United States District Courts were briefly surveyed by the twenty-two Fellows.
The Courts studied included :
In-depth studies - District Courts
U.S. District Court for the District of Colorado U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California IJ.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida
- 25 - Brief Studies - District Courts
U.S. District Court for the Central District of California U.S. District Court for the District of Arizona U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Maryland U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri U.S. District Court for the Northern District of. Illinois U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Iowq U.S, District Court for the Southern District of Ohio
Brief Studies - Covrt of Appeals U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Cir-cuit .U.S. Court of Appeals for 'the Fifth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit U.S, Court of Appeals for the Eighkh Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
The Internship had a two-pronged objective (a) a learning -
experience, (b) provide data to which the past experience and expertise
df the Fellows could be applied. Both the Institute and the Fellows
desired to apply the individual insights of the Interns to a report
concerning the federal. court system,
The Study Guide, as formulated, provided a basis for the'com-
parative data which would be needed to expand individual informatiop
and to provide a framework for the desired report. The requirements
of freedom and discipline were both'considered as the Study Guide was
. developed. The information to be gathered was to be applied fo "what
iE" questions concerning the federal courts. 'An effqrt was made to
couple experienced managers and Tawyers with active pracfitioners in
a shared exploration. Hopefully, the shared experience would both enhance learning and lead to an application of the learning to a
-26 - a .. .. practical and creative report describing the federal courts, including recommendations concerning their operation. The Internship was desiqned to include special and unique study areas for Fellows and individual ; Intern teams without losing a common purpose and direction which would be required for a final report.
The Study Guide should be reviewed with these dual purposes in mind. As mentioned above, students did and were encouraged to pursue their individual interests. ICM tried to link the field students to one another through field visits. The Internship was coordinated by Bill Whittaker with the assistance of Joseph ,Jorftan
( see page 59 1. A complete copy of the qutline Studv Guide is in- cluded below.
- 27 - PRE-INTERN 1971 COURT STUDY INTERNSHIP GUIDE:
THE. COURT AS AN INFORMATION NETWORK
1. What Are the Resources of the Court?
A. People
B. Money
C. Space and Equipment
Personnel of the court - .-
Personnel data: Chief Judges et.al including staffs ~
Budgeting and finance
Recruiting and hiring ._
Problem areas (within or outside) which affect court business
Administration of jury systems
Training programs
Adequacy of physical- facilities
Jury fees .s
Cost of administration Internal and external conflicts
Personnel incentives and motivations (morale)
Salary structure (in relation to the local economy, etc.)
Assignment of visiting- judges and impact
Judicia1 vacancies Travel time of judges to divisional and statutory places of holding court
Use of senior judges Availability of prosecutors, defenders, witnesses, etc. Critical decision points - what are Judicial hangups
Utilization of space Equipment: used - 28 - 2. How are the Resources Allocated?
Budget and finance
Administration of jury systems Recruiting and hiring
Effect of increased No. of judges on case disposition
Xanpower utilization
Division of work among judges
Use of time by judges
Functions of key personnel
Problem areas (within or outside) which affect court business
Jury vs. non-jury trials
Internal and external conflicts
Use of para-judicial personnel
Extent of non-judicial functions
How are court reporters utilized
Delay in filling vacancies
Leave record Who prepares judgments, orders, commitments, facts and finds, conclusions of law?
- 29 - 3. How are Cases Processed Through the Court?
Details about how a case is handled:- Origination of the case
Any fee? How handled? Any local rules - documentation?
Prior to assignment (what other procedures)
How assigned? (individual or master)
What steps are followed between assignment to calendar and trial?
Functions of clerk, lawyer and judge 5 How calendar controlled - by whom? When is issue joined?
Steps to trial after issue: Functions of clerk - lawyer - judge
How is trial calendar determined? :
Pre-tri’al procedures completed,
.- - Trial procedures:
Witnesses, exhibits, trial motions, jurors, verdict, judgment, sentence
Sub-systems (criminal case) actions of U.S. Attorney or Counsel
Commencement of proceeding Calendar Control:
Continuances throughout
Local rules, court control of criminal trial calendar to assure speedy trial
Common reasons for continuances
Criminal trial preferences over civil cases
. Delays caused by defendant .
Fugitives - 30 - Prisoners (mental hospitals)
Defendants in other prisons
Pretrial discovery proceedings Probation department (pre-sentence reports time workload)
U.S. Marshal's Office (deliver prisoners on time) Administration of Jury System.
How is work divided among the judges
How judges use their time
Calendaring Problem areas (within or outside) which affect court business
Impact of probation on delay and nature Do judges have sentencing council?
Disposition of cases (how): By settlement, trial, plea
Jury vs. non-jury trials
Effect of pretrial hearings on case disposition
Extent of delay, if any (performance) Internal and/or external conflicts
Pattern jury instructions
Voir Dire (examining jurors)
Pattern and policy re continuances
Implementation of court orders
Handling of evidence
Frequency of 3-judge courts (district)
Grand functions
Attitudes toward grand jury
Relation of the Dept. of Justice to Grand Jury
Does D.A. over-indict or under-indict?
Indictments vs. information:
- 31 - Plea Bargaining, policy re:
Breakdown of bankruptcy cases
Oral vs. memorandum decisions
Use of short-form orders (minute orders)
Who prepares judgments, orders, commitments, facts and findings, conclusions of law?
Court reporter practices
Handling of prisoners
Bench warrants 4. History, Organization of Court
History of federal court system
How are policies of court developed?
Impact of local court rules: How developed? How promulgated?
Problem areas (within and outside) which affect court business Trends and future planning
Policy as to suspended sentence apd probation
Internal and external conflicts
Cour t politics
Informal organization vs. formal
Personnel incentives and motivations (morale)
Recent improvements'in court system Assignment of visiting judges and impact
Who makes decisions?
Frequency of staff meetings .
Disciplinary Controls (judges, lawyers and other)
How are court reporters utilized
Court reporter practices
- 33 - 5. What is the Records Communication System and How Does it Work?
Kinds of records required Statistical data, information, forms, reports
Communications network between all the actors Between chief judge and circuit court Between chief judge and other judges
Use of statistics and availability Problem areas, (within and outside) which affect court business
Files and records Internal and external conflicts
Types of reports to higher levels Weighted caseload
Breakdown of bankruptcy cases Record storage and retrieval
- 34 - 6. What is the External Environment?
Relationship with outside systems (government and non-government) Nature of litigation and volume of that particular court
Social and environmental conditions of that particular court Problem areas (within and outside) which affect court business
Number of public defenders
Public relations
Continuing legal education
Relations with press
Volume and nature of habeas corpus writs
Effective jail condiPtions on sentencing
Prisoner correspondence
Supportive agencies
Concentration of cases upon lawyers (law firms)
Internal and external conflicts
Number of trial lawyers in U.S. attorney's Qffice Discrimhation
Impact on caselpad of O.E.O. lawyers Impact of multi-district litigation
Impact of rule 20 cases
Fee structure between insurance lawyers and carriers
Relationship of fee of insurance lawyer to status of case
Impact of regulatory agencies on court systems
Attitudes toward ICM (indirect)
Impact appellate decision Assignment of visiting judges and impact
- 35 -? Cross-fertilization of ideas hetween'courts
Appeal rate - reversal rate Accountability for non-consumable supplies and equipment
Relation of Dept. of Justice to Grand Jury
Does D.A. over or under indict Interfaces with state court system Identification of decisions and laws which are difficult to apply Critical decision points - what are they?
- 36 - FEDERAL COURT STUDY
1) What is the information unit? a. Where and with whom did it originate b. What caused it to arise
C. How, where and when does it mesh with other units
2) What are elements of processing the unit?
3) What are the operations performed in processing the unit? a. How is each operation performed b. When and where is each operation performed c. Why is each operation performed
d. How frequently is each operation performed e. Who performs each operation f. Equipment, supplies, etc. g. Space utilized h. Training required and provided i. Directives used j. Supervision k. Consistency
4) What are the major or significant decision points in processinq each element? a. Who makes the decision? Is it always made? Is responsibility clearly assigned? b. What additional information is needed to make the decision? c. Who has the authority to change the decision? d. What guidelines, rules, etc. are established to control the decision maker?
- 37 - e. What record is made of the decision?
f. Who needs to know about the decision made? Why?
g. How is knowledge of the decision transmitted to
those who had to know?
h. What training does the decision maker need?
How and where? i. Does the decision affect other operations? What?
DOCUMENTATION
1. Identify all areas
a. . Location
b. Date
c. Your name d. Interviewee - title e. General subject matter
2. Collect and identify specimen
a. Organization charts
b. Budgets
c. Forms and reports d. Manuals, rules, etc.
e- Sample data
3. Prepare Simple Charts
INPUTS
I. Operations-Related Information on Units
A. New cases
1. Civil
2. Criminal 3. Bankruptcy 4. Minor Offenses 5. Prison Cases
6. Removal Cases B. Motions and Requests for court action C. Case-related papers not requiring court action (Pleadings, Discovery Papers, Briefs, etc.) D. Testimony (in all forms) E. Exhibits F. Juror Information
G. Appeal Matters H. Bankruptcy Claims I. Appellate Decisions (Mandate) J. Passport Applications K. Naturalization Petition L. Fees M. Deposits N. Bonds
0. Information about convicted persons
11. Resource Related Information IJnits A. Directives, Bulletins, and Memos from the A.O. B. Directives and Requests from the Judicial Conference C. Directives, Requests and Orders from the Judicial Council D. Requests from the Judicial Center E. New Legislation and congressional activity F. Executive determinations G. New Supreme Court decisions H. New Decisions of other courts - 39 - I. Information Requests from the public
J. Funds
K. Facilities
L. People
Internally-Generated Information
I. Operations-Related Information Units
A. Preliminary Decisions
R. Final Decisions
C. Attorney Discipline Matters
D. Motion Schedule
E. Trial Schedule
F. Jury Process
G. Pre-Sentencing Process
H. Parole and Probation Supervision
11. Resource-Related Information [Jnits
A. Court Rules and Standing Orders
B. Internal Administrative Policy
C. Requests for Support Services
D. I Statistical Processes
E. Contents of Reports to A.O., F.J.C., etc.
OUTPUTS
I. Operational Related Units
A. Decisions and Orders
B. Executions
C. Appeals
D. Sentencing
11. Resources Related ' - 40 - E- BOORS DISTRIBUTED PRIOR TO SUMMER CLASSWORK
Four books were distributed to each of the 1971 Fellows before
summer classwork. These four books were: Bennis, Warren and Slater, John, The Temporary Society, Harper and Row, 1968.
Fabun, Donald, The Dynamics of Chanqe, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1967.
Gardner, John, Self Renewal: The Individual and the Innovative Society, Harper and Row, 1964,
Sayles, Leonard, Managerial Behavior, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1964.
Each of these books was thought to offer a statement about the
dynamics of the society in which the court operates. There is a bias
within the Institute which finds that learning to learn is as critical
as substantive facts. Bennie and Slater, Fabun and Gardner articulate
assumptions underlying such a belief. Leonard Sayles, who was a
member of the Institute faculty for two years, directs his attention
to the culture of complex organizations. Secondly, his attention is
on the role of a manager in such a culture.
A fifth book, Yanaging the Courts (Bobbs-Merrill, 1971) by Ernest
C. Friesen, Edward Gallas and Nesta Gallas was distributed to the Fellows
after the completion of classwork. All three of the authors have been
extensively involved in the formation, founding and conduct of the
Institute for Court Management. Their book defines the dimensions of
the field.
All five of these books are felt to be important enough to warrant inclusion in every 1971 graduate's library.
- 41 - F, SUMMER CLASSWORK Upon completion of the fie1.s internships, the Fellows returned
to the site of the Development Seminar (Snowmass-at-Aspen, Colorado)
with their families for a nine-week session. The thirty-four members
of the Post-Intern group and their families were also in residence
during an intensive nine-week period.
The classwork- experienced by the Pre-Interns did not-vary signif-
icantly from the Post-Interns. A complete description of the summer
period is included on pages 80-113.
During the course of the nine weeks, the Pre-Intern group met
r frequently to exchange the data gathered during the internships.
Pre-Interns first developed an outline for a report describing their
perceptions of the federal court system. Committees were assiqned the
task of gathering additional data from each intern team and outlining - a report on a given section of the proposed outline. During the latter
portions of the summer, each committee wrote its assigned section of
the report, submitting it to the entire group for a critique. The final
committee drafts were then submitted to an editing committee which
integrated the separate committee drafts into a single report. The draft
report, which described internship observations and recommendations for
specific changes in the administration of the federal courts, was in-
corporated into a final report during the Closing Seminar described on
the following pages.
- 42 - G, CLOSING SEMINAR , The focus of this seminar was the development of a flexible
management system for the federal judiciary. Working individually,
in small groups, committees, and as an entirety, the Pre-Interns 1 designed such a system and wrote a second report describing and
justifying it. Many parts of the repQrt written during the summer
were integrated into the body of the final repwt or added as appendices. The closing seminar began with the expectations various individuals
had for the final nine days. The seminar as planned called for the development of a Judicial Council Functions Handbook. The Federal
Circuit Court Executive statute says that the Executive is an arm of
the Judicial Council and that any responsibility which the Executive has is derived from the Council. The logical starting point for the project
was the actual, potential and desired functions of a Judicial Council.
The expectations of most Fellows, however, was a reconsideration of the
report which was written during the summer. The final outcome of the
seminar was an integration of these two goals: the creation of Judicial
Council Function Handbook and a review, refinement, and reworking of the’
report summarizing the experience of the internship served in the Federal
Courts.
In order to open up the system for new inputs, the Fellows began
with brainstorming sessions to re-identify the functions of a Judicial
Conference. These idealized functions were then related to both tradi- tional management categories and the analysis of management theorists . such as Leonard Sayles and Jack Gibb, The effort was to avoid becoming unnecessarily legalistic and bound by what has always been. The fact
- 43 - that Judicial Council has never performed a specific function or that
a function was presently performed by the Administrative Office of the
United States Courts did not eliminate it. from consideration.
A decision was then made to refocus attention on developing broad
recommendations concerning the federal courts. The group first listed
the essential principles of participative management. F7ork groups then
tentatively applied these principles to Budgeting (Resources and How
They -are Derived and Allocated), Auditing the Federal Courts, Career
Development and External Relations. The reports were discussed by the faculty and students. Writing committees were formed to develop a
broad report with five primary chapters--General Organization and
Management, Resource Needs and Allocation, Field Consultation, Management
and Development of Human Resources, and External Relations. In addition,
several sections which were written during the latter portions of the
summer were reworked with the principles of participative management
in mind. Two portions of the initial report became part of the final
report: Court House Security Management and Paperwork Management. The
remaining sections of the original report became appendices to’one
final report. The Appendices included Management Processes, Passports
and Naturalization, Intake and Case Management. Chapters concerning
Jury Management, Probation, Bankruptcy and Magistrates were to stand ,- ; as written and edited during the summer. Committees drafted chapters
, for review by the entire group. Final rewriting and presentations
. concluded the Seminar. The final edited report prepared by the 1971
Pre-Intern Class is available from the Institute for Court Management.
The report was prepared in conjunction with the Federal Judicial Center,
- 44 - particularly Joseph Ebersole, Director of Innovation and Systems. The report is a creative synthesis of the perceptions of twenty- two experienced public administrators after five months of intensive study. There were many differences of opinion in substantive areas.
One area of critical importance was the position of the Judicial Con- ference versus the Administrative Office. Some felt that although the Administrative Office is in theory staff to the Judicial Conference of the United States, it does not function as such and a permanent staff to perform various functions for the Judicial Conference should be created. Others, disagreeing vociferously, maintained that this would lead to further obscurity of the locus of responsibility within the system.
Differences arose in defining the line between the policy-making func- tion of the Judicial Conference and the operational function of the
Judicial Councils and the Administrative Office.
The final report is a product of a marketplace of ideas and experience in which most every important issue facing a federal court system struggling for administrative continuity and efficiency had critical and often conflicting attention directed toward it. It is a significant document which is worthy of the attention of every serious observer and practitioner within the federal system. The Federal
Judicial Center plans to use the report as discussion material at a variety of seminars and meetings.
- 45 - FACILITATORS The faculty's role in the swi-rl of activity enclosing these last nine days was to structure the beginning of the session and provide information in regard to less traditional management theorists. Fac- ulty members became advisors to various writing committees in latter portions of the Seminar. The effort was to behave in a way which would insure that the final report was the Pre-Intern 1971 class, not 1971
Institute faculty's report. Faculty members structured and chaired plenary critique sessions concerning preliminary drafts. Faculty members in residence throughout the Seminar included: Ernest C. Friesen,
Geozfrey S. Gallas, Drs. Marianne and R.T. Williams and William Whittaker
(see page 59). Ernest Friesen and Bill Whittaker had primary responsi- bility for the conduct of the Seminar'. Joseph Ehersole was also present at the Seminar.
Readings distributed during the course of the Seminar included :
Gwdner, Neely D., Organizing for the Future: A Trial, (Unpublished, mimeographed paper, 1970).
This, Leslie E., Review of Literature on Organization Development (Unpublished, mimeographed paper, 1970).
- 46 - I H, PRESENT PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS HELD BY THE 1972 PRE-INTERN FELLOWS
Of the twenty-two Pre-Intern Fellows, fourteen are presently employed
in Court Systems, three are with agencies or organizations which are
commonly related to the courts, five, although in jobs which do not
involve court systems, are at this writing awaiting action concerned with
the Federal Circuit Executive positions, among others. Because of the
experience and the level of the positions held by the various Pre-Interns,
most can financially afford to take only a few jobs within judicial sys-
tems. The positions presently held by the Pre-Interns are as follows:
Ernest C. Bailey Assistant Execuitve Officer District of Columbia Courts Washington, DC
, John Bodley Court Management Analyst Judicial Council of California
Sacramento, California i
Robert C. Cassidy Assistant Director for Administration Office of Economic Opportunity Washington, DC
Joseph De Si0 Deputy Associate General Counsel Division of Operations National Labor Relations Board Washington, DC
W.A. (Pat) Doyle Circuit Court Executive U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Joseph Golds tein Chief Clerk Nassau County Court Long Island, New York
Robert Hartzell Assistant Chief - Division of Business Administration Administrative Office of the United States Courts Washington, DC
- 47 - James A. Higgins Clerk U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit Cincinnati, Ohio
"Mark" , H. J. Koenig Assistant Archivist for Records Management National Archives Washington , D.C.
Thomas V. Lucas Director , Program Review and Resources Management National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington , DC
Wilbur S. McDuff . Director of Research and Law Libraries Executive Assistant Circuit Court - Dade County Miami, Florida
Bnjamin W. Reisch Clerk of Court United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana New Orleans , Louisiana
George V. Rosenberg District Director Immigration and Naturalization Service Department of Justice Los Angeles, California Merril Sobie Executive Officer Family Court of the State of New York New York, New York
Joseph A. Suozzi Justice of the Supreme Court of New York State Mineola, New York
Robert H. Taylor . Special Agent in Charge of Presidential Protection Division United States Secret Service Washington, DC ....
Robert C. Tucker Clerk U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit St. Louis, Missouri
- 48 - James Ueberhorst Director of Administrative Office Florida Supreme Court Tallahassee, Florida
William H. Whitehurst, Jr. Executive Assistant to the Associate Director Department of Human Resources District of Columbia Government Washington, DC
Wilbur B. Wilcox Exe cutive Assis tan t Tenth Judicial Court for the State of Florida Winter Haven, Florida
- .!. 3 - V. POST-INTERN PROGRAM 1971
Thirty-six persons were sel'ected to be members of the 1971
Post-Intern Class. The process of selection is outlined in detail
in Gallas, Court Executive Training Program Design 1970; Documentation
of First Training Effort: Institute for Court Management, pp. 164-168.
Two of the original 36 did not complete the program. Robert Giuliano
died during the program, and a second person's relationship with the Institute was terminated following summer.classwork.
SUWWARY OF BACKGROUNDS
The thirty-four members of the Post-Intern Class range in age
from twenty-four to fifty-five. The mean age upon entrance was 33.3
and the median was 33.
Twenty-four of the Fellows had experience in the judicial arena;
ten did not. Fourteen had legal training. The highest academic degree
achieved by thirteen is JD or LL.B. (one passed the Bar without comple-
ting Law School under a court rule in Texas); one has a Ph.D.; thirteen
have Master's; five have bachebr's degrees; and two have received no
degrees from a university. Of those with bachelor's three have law
degrees in progress and one is within a thesis of a MasteF's. The
group includes one woman. Nineteen states and the District of Columbia
are represented. Brief biographical sketches of each student are in-
cluded as Appendix B.
- 50 - A*OVERALL PIIOGFWM SEQUENCE
The overall design of the course--Immersion (2 weeks), Classwork
(9 weeks), Internship (13 weeks) and Seminar (2 weeks) --was planned
to increase the intensity and intricacy of the focus while providing
experiences which will enable students to deal with the increasing
complexity. The students spend 15 weeks in the field, and 11 weeks
in the classroom. The Institute's resources, both in terms of finances
and nationwide contacts in the environment, enable it to undertake this
four-stage program. The broad sequence basically duplicates 1970 Devel-
opment Program.
The reasoning behind the four-stage design follows. The Immersion
is provided to orient both the student new to the administration of the
judicial environment as well as the more experienced student. For the
inexperienced student, the aim was to make the strange familiar. For
the experienced student, the aim was to make the familiar strange. In
each case the orientation was designed to provide fresh and valid insights
into the administrative problems of courts.
Unit I1 (Classwork) is an academic program which is designed to
provide students with a greater comprehension of the courts in a ''class-
room setting." Systematic Instruction was given to develop the skills
and knowledge necessary for managing courts. These skills include know-
ledge about modern technology and its application to court problems and
personal growth. The objective was an exposure to the total range of
subject areas which relate to courts and management. Classroom instruc-
tion was an intensive academic program in Judicial Administration which
- 51 - ideally would prepare the student to gain the most worthwhile experi-
ence during the Internship. The Pre- and Post-Interns and their fam-
ilies were in residence throughout the nine-week period.
The Internship is the heart of the training program. Students have three months of active research and development within a court environment. The previous instruction would, hopefully, inhibit local- ized perceptions and insights and provide the structure for a truly worthwhile exposure to courts and court problems. The Internship was problem and research oriented. With the skills and knowledge acquired in the early stages of the program, the student was prepared to inves- tigate a given court. The desired result was acquiring empirical in- formation and understanding of its significance.
The Seminar is a wrap-up and integrating experience. During the seminar, the total experience of all the students during their Intern- ships was developed and organized. The desired result is the internal- ization of a great wealth of comparative information about courts by each student and the relating of this information to broad management principles.
- 52 B. IMMERSION The goals for the Immersion were those outlined on page 16.
in reference to the Pre-Intern Program. All Post-Intern Fellows
received the same suggested guidelines as those received by the Pre-
Interns (page 16). In addition, Fellows who had direct involvement in
the court environment were offered alternative assignments. Two options
were specifically outlined for the experienced Fellows. They were as
follows:
1. Examine in detail the total information system of the court
as activated in relation to:
- A felony case in which there was a conviction and a court disposition involving either probation or a prison sentence. - An automobile accident case involving personal injuries which was tried to a jury and which resulted in a verdict.
- A domestic relations case which was contested and resulted
in a judgment.
A. Identify all the actors whom you find related to the
information system of the court (formal and informal) and
where appropriate, the lines of authority and accountability.
Trace the typical interactions between and among the actors ' (including administrative personnel) , as information is pro- cessed through the court to or from decision points.
B. Interview all available actors: What are their conceptions of their role? What are their values and attitudes? Professional training?
- 53 - C. What important tools (technological and otherwise) are available for processing information to or from decision
points?
D. Identify the objecti.ves of the information system,
identify conflicts i.n the system.
E. Schematically represent the information system as it
operates in relation to each of three varieties of cases.
2. Describe the physical facility of the courts. Locate the
whereabouts of records, court personnel, counsel, litigants,
juries, etc., within the court facility as they interact
with the three cases outlined above.
A. Describe how interaction (both in quantity and quality)
is affected by the physical layout of the Court. List
Exceptions.
B. Evaluate the space arrangements and make recommendations for changes - state your reasoning.
Each of the experienced Fellows was telephoned prior to the commencement of the Imme.rsion .to discuss the assignment to be under- taken. In several cases, students selected topics which differed slightly from either the standard assignment or the operational assign- ments as outlined. Each individual served an Immersion in a state metropolitan court with the exception of one person, Charles Vagner, who undertook a special assignment in the Federal District Court in
Chicago. His project involved the description of the Calendar Control system in that court.
- 54 - C SUMMER CLF,SSWORK For nine weeks both the Pre- and Post-Interns were in residence
at Snowmass-at-Aspen, Colorado for a nine-week period. In general,
the two groups experienced similar programs. The summer program con-
sisted of nine primary and one special short theme.
PRIMARY AND SPECIAL SHORT THEMES
Theme I Establishing the Learning Community
Theme I1 The Legal Environment and the Judicial Process
Theme I11 The External Environment of the Courts
Theme IV The Internal Environment of the Courts
Theme V The Role of the Court Executive
Special Short Theme Perception, Communication, Learning and Yanagement
Theme VI Workshops for Court Executives
Theme VI1 Practices for Court Executives - Budget Exercise
The Economics of Litigation
The Influence of Space on Judicial Processes
ThemeVII.1 Intensive Workshops on Intern Court Studies
Theme IX Preparation for Re-Entry
Class Sessions ran from 8-12:30, 1:30-3:30, and 7-8:30 Yonday through Thursday (with one free afternoon and evening most weeks),
Friday 8-12:30 and 1:30-3:30 and Sunday 7-8:30. Optional luncheons attended by most Fellows and faculty were scheduled for four days each
week.
Four optional Saturday seminars on Justice open to the community
- 55 - of Aspen featured Chief Justice Warren Burger, Herbert Brownell
(former Attorney General of the IJnited States and Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Institute for Court Management), Fred Graham; Supreme
Court Correspondent, New York Times, and Ernest C. Friesen, Executive
Director of the Institute for Court Management, formerly Adminsitrative
Director of the United States Courts.
Throughout the summer, speeches and presentations by the students were formally structured into the -program. These presentations were in two categories: The Judicial Process and In-House Lectures. In general, presentations includlng question-and-an'swer. sessions were an hour in length.
THE JUDICIAL PROCESS
Joseph Suozzi, "Change and the Judicial Process"
Maurice Geiger, "Management and the Judicial Process"
George Rosenberg, "Justice and the Courts"
IN-HOUSE LECTURES
Robert Guiliano, "Language of Statistics and Their Use in Court
S y s.tems 'I
Benjamin Reisch, "Organization Structure Functions and nlanagement
of a Clerk's Office"
Hanson Lawton, "Budgeting in the Court System"
Robert Taylor, "Courthouse Security and the Judge''
Peter Haynes, "Understanding of the Courts as a System of
Inter-related Elements"
Merril Sobie, "Change Agent: Who and How"
Jean White, "Public Information and Report Management"
- 56 - Robert Hartzell, "Motivation: The Undeclared Dividend"
Samuel Conti, "Knowledge and Understanding of the Information
System of the Courts"
Mark Koenig, "Records Administration"
Ernest Bailey, "Personnel Management for Executives"
W.A. ''Pat" Doyle, "Current Concepts of Yanagement Theory
and Practice"
John Paul, "What Can We Contribute as a Court Administrator"
William Whitehurst, "The Urban Crisis"
Each of the nine primary and special short themes are briefly described below, followed by a description of the objectives of a given theme, the teaching techniques utilized, the readings distributed, and the primary human resources. No description can completely capture an intensive experience including over one hundred participants (Fellows,
Faculty, Visiting Faculty and Speakers). The experience of the nine weeks was an individual one, especially for the sixty-four people who were present throughout. It is an experience which touched every human emotion from love, hate, ecstasy, despair to indifference. When a diverse group of many ages, cultural backgrounds, and experience live closely for a compacted period of time, much occurs which is indescrib- able and goes beyond the aspects of the program described below.
SUMMER FACULTY PARTICIPANTS
Listed below are all the resource people who were part of the educational process during the summer classwork unit. They represent an outstanding variety of professional and personal experience. Titles and professional positions are generally omitted: the following listing
- 57 - is to be used as a reference to the text.
The people listed here are divided into three categories:
Resident Institute Faculty, Visitj-ng Institute Faculty, and Visiting
Faculty, Speakers, Judges and Panel of the National Academy of Public
AAinistration. The first group, Resident Institute Faculty, were in residence throughout the summer. The second group, Visiting Institute
Faculty, are members of the Institute research staff which is based in
Denver, Colorado. The six Visiting Institute Faculty were active par- ticipants at Snowmass-at-Aspen from.one to two-and-a-half weeks. The third group encompasses visiting faculty, speakers-, judges and Panel of
The National Academy of Public Administration, who participated in varying degrees.
- 58 - 1971 ICM Faculty, Visiting Faculty, Speakers, Judges, and Panel of the National Academy of Public Administration
Resident Institute Facultv
Ernest C. Friesen, Jr., Executive Director, ICM
Geoffrey S. Gallas, Ombudsman, Evaluator, Educational Consultant, ICM
Joseph Jordan, Assistant Director Intern Studies & Consultant in Data Analysis, ICM
Marianne Williams, Director, Family Education & Educational Consultant, ICM
R.T. Williams, Dean of Faculty & Associate Executive Director, ICM
William Whittaker, Director of Intern Studies, Coordinator of Records Management Studies, ICM
Visitins Institute Facultv
Donald E. Fuller, Coordinator of Criminal Calendar Studies, ICM
George G. Kershaw, Special Consultant, Information Systems
H. Ted Rubin, Director of Juvenile Justice Programs, ICY
Maureen M. Solomon, Coordinator of Civil Calendar Studies, ICM
Harvey E. Solomon, Director of Court Studies, ICM
James D. Thomas, Director of Probation Studies & Assistant Executive Director, ICM
Visiting Faculty, Speakers, Judges, and Panel of the National Academy of Public Administration
Ruggero J. Aldisert, U.S. Circuit Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Mark Bearwald, Freelance, Formerly writer and editor, The Denver Post
Einar Bohlin, Director, Court Management Project, Cleveland, Ohio
Herbert Brownell, Senior Partner, Lord, Day & Lord, New York, Mew York, Chairman of Board, Institute for Court Management
- 59 - Warren E. Burger, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, D.C.
Fred J. Cassidy, Judge, United S'tates District Court, Fifth Circuit, New Orleans, Louisiana
John V. Corrigan, Chief Justice, Court of Common Pleas of Cuyahoga County, Cleveland, Ohio
Lewis Dickson, Judge, 125th District Court, Houston, Texas
Joseph Ebersoie, Director of Systems and Innovation, Federal Judicial Center, Washington, D.C.
Edward Gallas, Personnel Director, The Port of New York Authority New York, New York
Nesta Gallas, Professor and Chairman, Department of Government, History and Economics, John Jay College, ClJNY, New -York , New York
Fred P. Graham, Supreme Court Correspondent, New York Times, Washington, D.C.
George A. Graham, Executive Director, National Academy of Public Administration, Washington, D.C.
Dick Green, Deputy Director, Federal Judicial Center, Washington, D.C.
Lacy Hall, Vice President, Combined Motivation Education Systems, Inc., Chicago, Illinois
John W. Kern 111, Judge, District of Columbia Court of Appeals, Washing ton, D .C . Mal G. King, Executive Officer, Ventura Subregion on Criminal Justice Ventura, California
Franklin P. Kilpatrick, Dean, College of Social and Behavioral Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
Rowland F. Kirks, Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, Washington, D.C.
Ralph Kleps, Director of the Administrative Office of the California Courts, San Francisco, California jb. Malcolm Knowles, Professor of Adult Education, Boston University School of Education, Boston, Massachusetts
Harry 0. Lawson, State Court Administrator of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
- 60 - Peter Lowe, Professor of Law, University of Virginia, College of Law, Charlottesville, Virginia
Benjamin S. Mackoff, Administrative Director of the Courts of New Jersey, Board of Trustees, Institute for Court Yanagement
Edward B. McConnell, Administrative Director of the Courts of New Jersey, Board of Trustees, Institute for Court Management
Roy Mersky, Professor of Law and Law Librarian, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 1 George Morgan, Consultant, Ford Foundation, Law and Government Section, National Affairs Division, Kansas City, Yissouri
Frank Murray, United States District Judge for the District of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, Board of Trustees, Institute for Court Management
Ferdinand Nadherny, Executive Vice President, Combined Motivation Education Systems, Inc., Chicago, Illinois
Russell Niles, Dean, Institute of Judicial Administration, New Yorlc, i New York
Larry Polansky, Chief Deputy Court Administrator for Data Processing, Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Edward Pringle, Chief Justice, Colorado Supreme Court, Denver, Colorado
Harold "Barefoot" Sanders, former Assistant Deputy Attorney General of the United States, presently, practicing lawyer, Dallas, Texas
Leonard R. Sayles, Professor of Business Administration, Graduate School of Business, Columbia University, New York, New York
Donald Shapiro, Director, Practicing Law Institute, Mew York, New York
William B. Sharp. President, Combined Motivation Education Systems, Inc., Chicago, Illinois
Neil Shayne, Instructor, Practicing Law Institute, Attorney, New York
Joseph Wapner, Judge, Superior Court, Los Angeles, California
F. Michael Wong, Space Analysis and Planning Consultant; Director, Courthouse Reorganization and Renovation Project, New York
Donald Webber, Criminal Justice Coordinator, County of Ventura, Ventura, California
- 61 - Robert B. Yegge, Dean and Professor of Law, University of Denver Law Center, Denver, Colorado; Board of Trustees, Institute for Court Management
Frank Zolin, Executive Officer, Los Angeles Superior Court, Los Angeles, California
..
- 62 - SUMMER FAMILY PROGRAM Programs for family members to complement the program of the
Fellows ran throughout the summer. The formal program for the spouses ran in the mornings, Monday through Thursday. Spouses were offered speeches by the visiting and resident faculty, arts and crafts and human relations development. Children under 12 had formalized, struc- tured activities in the mornings Monday through Thursday. A nursery was open to infants each morning Monday through Thursday. The teenagers had a less structured program, but "rap" sessions were regularly arranged.
The family program was under the direction of Dr. Varianne Williams, a member of the Resident Institute Faculty. She had a team of four professionals: Jane Thompson, Coordinator, Children and Youth Activi- ties; Barbara Rogers, Pre-Teen Elementary, Joan Brideau and Earlene
Shaffer, Pre-School and Nursery to assist her.
- 63 - THEME I
This theme was devoted to building a learning community between and among the fifty-seven Fellows, their families, and the resident Institute Faculty and their families. Explanation of the total pro-
gram was made. During the latter portions of this theme, the attention
of the Fellows turned to the development of a competency model. The
competency model is a way of involving each individual in the diagno-
sis of his personal learning needs. Through interaction, Fellows receive feedback on the validity and accuracy of their diagnosis and assessment of critical competencies. This exercise directed attention to (a) The purposes of the court, (b) The function of Court Executives given the purposes of the Court, (c) The knowledge, understanding, skills, and attitudes necessary for successful performance as a Court
Executive and (d) The present level of achievement (or development) of each individual on the critical dimensions of knowledge, understanding, skills, and attitudes. Throughout the summer, time was structured for reassessment of these competency models.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES, TEACHING TECHNIQUES, READINGS, AND PRIMARY HUMAN RESOURCES, OBJECTIVES
No precise objectives were formulated for this unit. If stated, they would involve building community, setting a climate of openness, and clearly placing a portion of the responsibility for behavior and learning on each individual. Two programs were underway--one for the spouses and one for the Fellows. Latter portions of the week were devoted to establishing large portions of the governance of the learn- ing community under the control of the community. Each week had at least one learning community meeting devoted to the maintenance of
- 64 - the community .
TEACHING TECHNIQUES Primarily small-group interaction and plenary discussions for information sharing were utilized. There were some lectures.
PRIMARY HUMAN RESOURCES
Fe 1low Program
Dr. Malcolm Knowles - Facilitator Dr. R.T. Williams - Facilitator
Ernest C. Friesen, Jr.
Geoffrey S. Gallas
SDouse Procrram
Dr. Lacy Hall
Dr. Marianne Williams
Readings
Kirhart, Larry: "Issues in Personal Growth ,I' (Unpublished mimeo- graphed paper, 1970) . Report on First National Chief Judges and Court Administrators Conference, National College of State Trial Judges, 1971.
Saari, David J. ; Modern Court Management Trends in the Role of the Court Executive, (a pamphlet) : U.S. Department of Justice, Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, 1970.
Snowmass Summer Seminar: The Institute for Court Management Professional Development Program for Aspiring and Practicing Court Executives (a notebook), 1971.
THEME I1
Themes 11, 111, and IV were conceptualized as a definition of the culture of the courts. The focus during Theme I1 was on the legal con- text, vocabulary, the goals and objectives of the courts: the training and mind set of lawyers and judges; definition of critical legal con- cepts (e.g., due process). Lawyers in the class were used as resources.
- 65 - One thrust was the definition and distinction between and among Over a hundred critical legal concepts. Landmark cases were read and discussed via a law school socratic dialogue. A review was made of the history of legal education. The nature of the realities and dynamics of the adverf sary system was an. underlying theme. Constraints on management in the judiciary were explicitly considered. In part, the effort was to de- velop a common language among lawyers and non-lawyers.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES, TEACHING TECHNIQmS, READINGS AND PRIMARY HUYAN RESOURCES
Learning Objectives
Introduce the Fellows to the vagueness of legal concepts and terminology Familiarize the Fellows with the development of the lawyer in law training
Introduce the relationship of legal process to justice
Explore .the constraints on traditional concepts of management imposed by legal concepts and structures
a. Adversary process i . .. b. Independent judges c. Court purposes Teaching Techniques Lecture - Discussion Small Work Groups
Peer Teaching Readings
Erie Railroad Co. vs. Tompkins , Supreme Court of the United States, 1938, 304 U.S. 64, 58 St. Ct. 817, 82 L.E.D. 1188, 114 A.L.R. 1487.
- 66 - Hickman v. Taylor, Supreme Court of the United States, 1947, 329 U.S. 495, 67 St. Ct. 385, 91 L.E.D. 451.
MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co., Court of Appeals of New York, 1916, 217 N.Y. 382, 111 N.E. 1050, L.R.A. 1916F, 696, Ann. Cos. 1916 C, 440.
Mapp v. Ohio, Supreme Court of the United States, 1961, 367 U.S. 643, 81 Sup. Ct. 1684, 6 L.E.D. 2d 1181.
Seixas v. Woods, Supreme Court of New York, 1804, 2 Caines, 48, 2 Am. Dec. 215. Primary Human Resources
Ernest C. Friesen, Jr. - Facilitator Harold "Barefoot" Sanders
Dean Robert Yegge
THEME I11 The focus was The External Environment: those institutions,
agencies, and selected publics which interface with the court. With
readings and discussion, attention was directed to the historical
background and present dynamics which relate to the separation of
powers. Elements of the "External Environment'' specially considered
included the Executive Branch, the Legislature and its various com-
mittees, county government, the prosecutor, the police, corrections,
adjacent court systems, poor and minorities, and the media. The effort
was to build a manager's conceptual background for decision making. The sessions were divided among plenary, lecture-discussions
(including problem-solving sessions) and optional offerings by various
members of the class and the faculty. Choice concerning use of time
by the Fellows, and Fellows with direct involvement in planning educa-
tional experiences were distinctive features. A large number of
- 67 - readings were distributed, and one of the available options was reading
time.
During this unit, a special presentation was made describing the
Court Management Project in Clevel.and, Ohio. The project is an attempt
to make a comprehensive survey of the courts in Cuyahoga County and
implement changes in the operating system--evaluating the effect of
implemented changes. Of particular concern to the project is docket delay, information exchange between justice agencies and improvement of the process of planning, allocating and controlling the resources of the justice system. In residence for the theme was John V. Corrigan, who is the Presiding Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Cuyahoga
County. He was joined by Einar Bohlin, a 1970 graduate of the Institute and the Director of the Court Management Project. The progress of the
Project is illustrative of the dynamics in a typical 'system and-diffi- culty of instituting change even where it is welcomed.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES, TEACHING TECHNIQUES, READINGS, PRIJVIRY HUMAN RESOURCES
Learning Objectives
Initiate a flexible process of inquiring about some of the elements
and forces (including the Separation of Powers) of the External
Environment. These include:
The Legislature, The Executive, The Police, Adjacent Court Systems, Corrections, County Government, Poor and Minorities, The Prosecutor, and The Media. Investigate the process of preparing and presenting legislation
Introduce the experience and expertise of several of the Fellows into the formal educational design
- 68 - Teaching Techniques
Lecture - Discussion Workshops - Problem Sensing
Peer Teaching
Readings
American State Legislatures: Their Structures and Procedures, The Council of State Governments, Lexington, Kentucky, 1971.
Anton, Thomas J., "Roles and Symbols in the Determination of State Expenditures," from Policy Analysis in Political Science (edited by, Ira Sharkansky), Markham Publishing Company, Chicago, Illinois, 1970., pp. 209-224.
Ayers, James W., "Program Budgeting - The Colorado Judicial System Approach," (a paper presented at the 1970 National Conference of Court Administrative Officers 4nnual Yeeting), 1970.
Raar, Carl, "The Politics of Judicial Independence: The Admin- istrative Side," (unpublished draft), 1971.
Bohlin, Einar, Compilation of Yaterials Describing Court Yanagement Project, Cuyahoga Coutny, Cleveland, Ohio (unpublished - prepared for the Institute for Court Management, Denver, 1971).
Carrigan, James R., "Inherent Powers of the Courts," (a mimeographed paper), National College of State Trial Judges, Reno, Plevada, Revised July 1, 1970.
Friesen, E., Gallas, E., and Gallas, N., "Managing the Courts" (Chapters I, 111, IV, V), Bohbs-Yerrill, Chicago, 1971.
Hand, Learned, "The Contribution of an Independent Judiciary to Civilization," from The Spirit of Liberty, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., Revised 1953. Kohlmeier, Louis Y., "The Press - The Court - and 1972," The- Wall Street Journal, Wed,, July 14, 1971.
Lawson, Harry O., "Legislative - Judi.cia1 Relationships", (unpub- lished outline prepared for the Institute for Court nlanagement) , 1970. Nelson, Kim and Lovell, Catherine H., Developing Correctional Administrators, pp. 59-75, 1968.
- 69 - Pound, Roscoe, "The Causes of Popular Dissatisfaction with the Administration of Justicel,I' Journal of the American Judicature Society, February, 1937, pp. 177-188. Sharkansky, Ira and Turnbull, August B., 111, "Budget-Making in Georgia and Wisconsin: R Test of a Model" from Policy Analysis in Political Science, (edited by Ira Sharkansky)-arkham Publish- ing Company: Chicago, Illinois, 1970. pp. 225-238. "The Constitution of the United States of America," from -The Federalist, Random House, New York, 1937. "The Declaration of Independence," Congress, July 4, 1776. "The Federalist Papers No. 78-83," from The Federalist, Random House, New York, 1937. Wright, J. Skelly, "The Courts have Failed the Poor," New York Times Magazine, March 9, 1964. Primary- Human Resources Geoff Gallas - Facilitator Ernest C. Friesen, Jr. William Whittaker
Harry 0. Lawson Mark Rearwald John V. Corrigan Einar Bohlin George Morgan James Thomas Fellows of the Institute Theme IV The Internal Environment with emphasis on professionalization, alternative personnel systems, the dynamics of salary negotiations, and relative positions and attitudes of professional and task specialists, who are members of the court family, were considered during this theme,
- 70 - Behavioral science concepts including role, perception, motivation, organizational structure and values were discussed. An extensive role play of a salary negotiation was used as a vehicle for integration of the learning of the theme. The attempt was to further develop a conceptual understanding of the various role relationships demanded of the Court Executive as well as the dynamics of the internal role rela- tionships.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES, TEACHING TECHNIQUES, READINGS, PRIMARY HU?IAN RESOURCES
Learnins Obi ectives
Introduce the Fellows to theoretical concepts from the behavioral sciences that are pertinent to court management.
Create a sensitivity to forces in the internal environment that affect the role relationships of the Court Executive.
Stimulate an exchange of ideas among the Fellows about profession- alization and unionization as influences affecting the behavior of the court employees as individuals and group members. Provide an opportunity for the Fellows to both experience and observe the behavior that occurs in the process of reaching consensus and conflict resolution. To enhance the understanding of the Fellows about role and organizational theory--both its relation to practice and its stage of development. Teaching Techniques
Role Playing Exercise
Lecture - Discussion Readings
Friesen, E., Gallas, E. and Gallas, N., Managing the Courts; Bobbs-Merrill, Chicago, 1971, Chapter 8.
Galzas, Nesta, "Group Exercise,'' (unpublished, prepared for the Institute for Court Yanagement), 1971.
- 71 - Gallas, Nesta, "'Managerial Applications of Behavioral Concepts as Techniques in Public Administration," (prepared for the United Nations, 1968), mimeographed copy.
Gallas, Nesta, "Unique Aspects of Problems in the Government Mileu - a problem of Perception vs. Prescriptions," (unpub- lished, prepared for the Institute for Court Management), 1971.
Hodge, Robert W., Seigal, Paul N. and Rossi, Peter H., "Occupa- tional Prestige in the United States, 1925-63," American Journal of Sociology, 70, (November, 1964), pp. 290-292.
Primary Human Resources
Dr. Nesta M. Gallas - Facilitator
Edward Gallas
Lewis Dickson
John V. Corrigan
THEME V
"The Role of the Court Executive" was designed as a link to the technical aspects of court management to follow. It integrated the three previous themes. Methods of -bringing organizational and insti- tutional change through structural change and surfacing conflict in complex administrative "systems" organizations were considered. Em- phasis was given to managerial patterns and their description. Inter- related was an investigation of the variety of structures and controls available to a manager and the effect of various structures or controls.
Each of these abstract concepts was illustrated with concrete examples and case studies where possible.
Reference was continually made and group exercises structured around the material in Leonard Sayles' Managerial Behavior, ( a book distributed previous to arrival at Snowmass-at-Aspen).
- 72 - Finally, attention was directed to the relationship of the Chief
Judge to the Court Executive; as well as the differences and similar- ities of the role of a Federal, State, and Local (County) Trial Court
Manager. Each Fellow prepared a brief paper describing his perception of the differences and similarities in Court Administration zt these various levels.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES, TEACHING TECHNIQUES, READINGS, AND PRIMARY HUMAN RESOURCES
Learning Objectives
To understand the special characteristics of complex systems and the problems posed for managers who must work within these as compared to more traditional or simple systems.
To be able to identify the variety of managerial patterns - in contrast to more traditional management functions - that are observable in complex systems.
To gain some understanding of the array of structures and controls available to the manager and some of the relative advantages and disadvantages of each with particular application to the courts.
To become sensitive to some of the problems of introducing change in organizations.
To consider alternative strategies for shaping the relationship .of Presiding Judge to Court Executive. Teaching Techniques Lecture - Discussion
Small Work Groups
Panel Discussion
Case Study
Writing Assignmesnts
- 73 - Readings Coughenour, Larry, "Outline Summary of Managerial- Behavior, (unpublished paper prepared at Institute for Court nlanagement) , 1971.
Dowling, William and Sayles, Leonard, "The Project Manager: A New Breed of Supervisor, I' How Managers Motivate, McGraw-Hill, 1971, pp. 398-420.
Freedman, Alfred M., "The Administrator's Life Here Today and Here Tomorrow: In Defense of Chairmen," (unpublished speech to a Medical Society), 1970.
Sayles, Leonard, "Typical Large, Complex Systems," (unpublished 1971).
Wrapp, H. Edward, "Good Managers Don't Make Police Decisions," -(reprinted by permission selected paper, Number 26, Published by the Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago, 19681.:
Pri-marv Human Resources
Dr. Leonard Sayles - Facilitator Edward Gallas - Facilitator Ed McConnell
John Kern
Ernest C. Friesen
SPECIRL SHORT THEPW: SEMINAR ON PERCEPTION, COMMUNICATION, LEARNING AND MANAGEMENT
After moving to Theme VI, two days were spent with a presentation - of research findings and implications (particularly in the'-area of perception) from the transactional social psychologists. This short theme was designed to underline a belief that the perceptions of each
Fellow about the first five themes would differ, and his perception of given subject matter is based on the best possible guess rooted in past experience.. The lecture discussions led by Dr. Franklin "Bud"
Kilpatrick described epistomology (the nature of knowing) and the
- 74 - important role played by values, emotions, and purposes on perception
and knowing. The importance of personal and system flexibility was stressed as an essential ingredient for meaningful communication,
. learning and successful management. The difficulty of communication
'in organizations due to perceptual discrepancies and their effect on
transactions between boss and subordinate were used as one example.
After two days of lecture-discussion, attention during a morning session
turned to the competency models previously developed.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES, TEACHING TECHNIQUES, READINGS AND PRIMARY HUMAN RESOURCES
Stated above. Teachins Technicrues
Lecture-Discussion
Demonstrations
Readings and Film
In the Eye of the Beholder, film
Helson, W.H., Kilpatrick, F.R., (editors), "Explorations in Transactional Psychology, especially "Introduction" and "Appendix B," New York University Press, New York, 1961, pp. 1-5, 381-389.
Primary Human Resources
Dr. Franklin "Bud" Kilpatrick
Dr. R.T. Williams
Geoffrey S. Gallas
THEME VI
Workshops for Court Executives occurred over a two-week period.
Considerable choice was offered to the participants. A marketplace was
created in which courses and seminars were described and then scheduled
- 75 -- according to demand. Every Fellow participated in the market as both a seller and a buyer. Fellows, vi-siting faculty, and resident faculty were teachers. A series of lectures on Resources and Processes in
Court Administration were spaced out during the workshop period. Speak- ers included Benjamin Yackoff, Ralph Kleps, Ed PlcConnell and R.T. Williams.
Twenty-eight learning modules were finally offered. These included:
Building Relationships in a Fragmented System
Budget and Fiscal Affairs
Civil Calendar Management
Computer Problems and Technology
Corrections
Dealing with Consultants
Expediting Appeals
Felony Processing
Information Systems
Inherent Problems in the Administration of Courts
Innovations in Courts
Interpersonal Skill Development
Judicial Process, Structure and Jurisdiction
Jury Management
Juvenile Courts
Leadership Styles Workshop
Management Theory
Personnel Systems
Pre-Intern Report
Public and Bar Relations
Records Management
Rule Making and Preparing a Legislative Package
.- 76 - Teachina Techniaues Lecture - Discussion Peer Teaching
Small work groups
Panel Discussion
Workshops
Role Playing
Readings
Building Relationships in Fragmented Systems
Gazell, James, "Leadership Competition in Judicial Management at the State Level, De Paul Law Review, Vol. XIX, 737, 1971, pp. 737-750.
Civil Calendar Management
Aldisert, Ruggero J., Civil Calendar Management, "A Metropolitan Court Conquers its Backlog, Part I," Judicature, January, 1968, Vol. 51, Number 6, pp. 202-208.
Aldisert, Ruggero J., "A Metropolitan Court Conquers its Backlog, Part 11," Judicature, February, 1968, Vol. 51, Number 7, pp. 247-253.
Aldisert, Ruggero J., "A Metropolitan Court Conquers its Backlog, Part 111," Judicature, March 1968, Vol. 51, Number 8, pp. 298-302.
Solomon, Maureen, "Comparison of Civil Calendar Management in Boston, Detroit, and Minneapolis," June, 1971, Institute for Court Manage- ment, Denver, 1971.
De Sio, Joseph, "TWO Successful Case Pqanagement Systems," (Unpublished paper presented at the Institute for Court Management, Classwork Section, 1971).
Whittaker, William, "Typical Progression of Civil Litigation," (unpub- lished paper prepared at the Institute for Court Management, 1971). Corrections
Goffredson, Don, "Research - Who Needs It," Crime and Delinquency, January, 1971, pp. 11-22.
- 77 -. Mitford, Jessica, "Kind and Unusual Punishment," The Atlantic Monthly Company, Boston, 1971. (a reprint)
Nimmer, Raymond T., Two Nillion Unnecessary Arrests: Reviewing a Social
Service Concern from the Criminal Justice System,L Chicaao, American - 2. Bar Association, 1971.
"Probation Services." Annual Report of the Administrative Office of the New Jersey Courts - 1969-1b70," Administrative Office of the Courts, Statehouse Annex, Trenton, 1970.
Recommendations Regarding Corrections," Excerpt from The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society - the 1967 Report of the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, Washington, D.C., 1967.
Robison, James, Smith Gerald, "The Effectiveness of Correctional Programs," Crime and Delinquency, January, 1971, pp. 67-80.
Rubin, Ted, "Selected Readings for Seminar on Corrections," (unpublished, prepared for the Institute for Court Management, 1971).
Selections from San Francisco Report: A Study of Federal Probation, and Parole, 1966-69, 1970, pp. 13, 17-18, 23, 27, 30, 34, 73-75.
Charts, "A Time to Act," Final report on Correctional Yanpower and Training, Washington, D.C., 1969.
"Probation Order," State of Colorado: County of Adams, No. C-2825, 1971.
Rubin, Ted, "Excerpts from Annual Reports, Shellby County, Tennessee, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, St. Louis County, Missouri," 1969-1970 (unpublished outline Institute for Court Management).
Grieg, Michael, "Probation Deputy Fired Over a Poem," San Jose Press, December 12, 1970.
Felony Processing
Yadson, Steven J., "Felonies Tree Diagram," Court Vanagement Project - Progress Report, June, 1970 to October, 1971, Court Management Project, Cleveland, Ohio, 1971, pp. 2-3.
Fuller, Donald, "Felony Processing Seminar Conducted at Aspen, Colorado, 2-4, 1971." the Auaust (unpublished..L prepared & for Institute for Coirt Management; 19715. Fuller, Donald, "Scenario: Felony Processing," (unpublished, prepared for Court Management, 1971).
- 78 - Solomon, Harvey, "Significant Supreme Court Decisions in Criminal Law Area," (unpublished, prepared for The Institute for Court Management, 1971).
Information Systems
Datamation: "Automatic Data Processing, A Glossary," Datamation Technical Publishing Company, INc., 1971.
"Listing of Automated Criminal Justice Information and Communication Systems in California," (a mimeographed paper), California Crime Technological Research Foundation, Sacramento, California, 1970.
Polansky, Larry, "An Overview of Common Pleas Court Computer System," Office of Court Administration, Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas, (unpublished mimeographed paper, 1971) . Solomon, Yaureen, "Data Gathering," The American Courthouse Judicial Facilities Study, University of Michigan, -American Bar ASSOC., 1971.
Polansky, Larry and White, Jean M., "A Comparison of an Ideal Criminal Court Information System to the Philadelphia Criminal Court System," (unpublished, 1971).
Solomon, Maureen, "Some Typical Problems in Court Information Systems," (unpublished speech to the Supreme Court of the State of Ohio and the Court of Common Pleas of Cuyahoga County, 1971).
Innovations in Courts
"Institute for Court Management: Court Management Studies," Fiscal Year 1971: Institute for Court Management, Denver, Colorado, 1971.
Jury Management
"An Act: House Bill No. 1417 Enacting "Uniform Jury Selection and Service Act" and "Providing for the Selection and Service of Jurors and Juries," State of Colorado, 1971.
Schematic Qeplication of "State Juror Selection System, Institute for Court Management, Denver, Colorado, 1970.
Solomon, Maureen, "Comparative Statistics on Operation Federal Jury Selection System," Survey of Juror Selection and Yanagement Systems in Federal Courts, Westinghouse Public Systems Management and Services, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Chapter 121 - Juries: Trial by Jury U.S. Code Title 28: 1863, "Federal Jury Selection Law," Government Printing Office, Washinqton, D.C., 1969.
- 79 - "Juror Qualification Questionnaire, Letker to Jurors, Summons for Jury Service, Sub-voucher for Fees and Allowances," United States District Court for the District of Columbia, 1971.
"Twelve Missing Men," Newsweek, June 10, 1968, pp. 57-58.
Wagner, Elbert A., Jr., "Jury Selection and Service in the Federal Courts," Federal Lawyer, Vol. 9, June 1969, No. 2, pp. 5-13.
Juvenile Courts "Chapter 43:03, Dependent, Neglected or Delinquent Children," South Dakota Statutes, repealed 1968.
"Colorado Children's Code," Compilation (Chapter 22, Colorado Revised . Statutes, 1963, as amended) includes the amendment enacted in 1968 and 1969.
In re Gault, 387 US 1 (1967).
Martin, John M., "Toward a Political Definition of Juvenile Delinquency," U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Social and Rehabilitation Service, Youth Development and Delinquency Pre- vention Administration, 1970.
McYurrough, Carol, "At Juvenile Hall, Boy 14 Claims he was Beaten by Counselor," Denver Post, April 19, 1971.
Rubin, Ted, "Review of Significant Cases in Juvenile Law Area," (unpub- lished, prepared at Institute for Court Management, 1971).
"Selected Organizational Charts: Juvenile Courts and Probation Depart- ments," (unpublished, prepared at Institute for Court Management, 1971). "Selected Statistical Summaries Regarding Juvenile Courts," (unpublished, prepared at Institute for Court Management, 1971).
LeadershiD StvLes WorkshoD
Blake, Robert and Moulton, Jane, The Yanagerial Grid, Gul6 Publishing Company, 1964.
The Manager'ial Grid (a film), University of California at Berkeley, 1960.
Research' and Statistics
"Introduction to Statistical Inference," (Edited by Julian Garza, unpub- 'lished, prepared at the Institute for Court Management, 1971).
- 80 - In Connection with Speeches on Resources and Process in eourt Admini stration Administrative Regulations Governing Reports in New Jersey Courts, Administrative Office of the Courts, State House Annex, Trenton, 1969. Boyle, John S., "Observations on Judicial Administration: Judicial Aspects of Trial Court Administration: The Quest for Effective Justice," Brooklyn Law Review, Volume 36, Number 3, Spring, 1970, pp. 342-358. Knowlton, Robert E., Sentencing Manual for Judges, Administrative Office of the New Jersey Courts, Trenton, 1969. Mackoff, Benjamin, "Statement to Subcommittee on Commerce and Finance of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, Washington, D.C., 1971. McConnell, Edward B., "Organization of a State Court System: The Role of a State Court Administrator," (unpublished address presented to the National Conference on the Judiciary, Williamshurg, T7irginia, )larch 11-14, 1971). Regulations Pertaining to Sound Recording in the New Jersey Courts, Administrative Office of Courts, Trenton, 1969. Report of the Status of the Calendar for the Month of June, 1971, Administrative Office of the Courts, Trenton, 1971. Primary Human Resources William Whittaker - Facilitator Dr. R.T. Williams - Facilitator
ICPl Resident Faculty Edward McConnell Benjamin Mackof f Ralph Kleps Larry Polansky Fred Cassidy
- 81 - THEYE VI1
Activity during Theme VI1 was centered on a budget exercise. The
"zero budget exercise" was designed to integrate previous learning and
to force each individual to formulate positions concerning the alloca-
tion of resources in a hypothetical court system. The exercise gave
no estimates regarding the allocation of resources during previous
fiscal years and instead limited the givens to numbers of filings, type
of jurisdiction, state of existing space, geographical location, county population, etc. Faculty experts presented lecture-discussions regarding
facets of the stated problem (jury costs, the Law Library, Research and
Development, Judges Xeeds, Costs Covering Space and the Elements and
Costs of Planning). Faculty were available for private consultations
throughout the week. A primary goal was to demonstrate by exDerience
the similarity of planning and budgeting and the necessity for planning- projecting needs and programs on the basis of demonstrable needs rather
than depending in incremental estimates based on the budgets of pre- vious years. Each individual submitted a completed budget. The budgets were reviewed individually, in small groups, and in plenary sessions.
In review sessions, program budgeting was presented as an alternative budget-ing mechanism. The Colorado model offered an illustration.
A secondary focus of the week was the dynamics of personal injury
litigation. Again, the unit was designed to integrate previous learning, particularly in regard to the environment and culture of the Judiciary, and the operational aspects of Court Administration, including calendar management, statistics, rule making, and court organization. Two strong calendar judges were in attendance (Judges Aldisert and Wapner), as well
- 82 - as a personal injury lawyer (Neil Shayne) and an ex-insurance company
Claims Manager (Institute Fellow Larry Coughenour). Together they represented the primary actors in personal injury litigation.
During this theme, five of the Post-Intern Fellows worked at developing a prototype information systems study. The study was to be integrated into the Internship of the five people involved. The effort was to locate key decision points and assess the information system which is operating during the decision process. Who is making what decisions on the basis of what information? George Kershaw directed the work of the group.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES, TEACHING TECHNIQUES, READINGS PRIMARY IIU?.I?iN RE SOURCE S
Learning Obi ectives Develop an understanding of the economics of litigation (Particu- larly in relation to Personal Injury Cases) and the effect of the economics of litigation on the operation of the calendar.
Understanding and personal experience with the problems of budgeting; estimating the costs of a court and integrating planning with hud- geting.
Comprehension of special budgeting needs of various people and functions in a court system, including juries, judges, law librar- ies, research and space consideration.
Familiarity with the complex activity of planning and renovating space for a total court system.
Teaching Techniques Arden House Discussion Groups Lecture - Discussian Individual and Group Writing Assignments
Role-Playing Demonstrations
- 83 - Readings
Aldisert, Ruggero J., "Elements of an Effective Calendaring System," (unpublished paper prepared for Institute for Court Yanagement, 1971).
Aldisert, Ruggero, "Is Your Good Counsel Also Wise? ,I1 University of Pittsburgh Law Review (Vol. 29:414) 1968, pp. 414-433. Bloom, Murrah Teigh, "Pittsburgh's Program for Effective Court," -The Reader's Digest, June, 1971; pp. 215-221.
Budget Laundry Company v. Munter, Pittsburgh Law Journal, 1971.
Coughenour, Larry, "Terms and Concepts: Personal Injury Litigation," (unpublished paper prepared for Institute for Court Management, 1971) . "Institute for Court Management and Courts Program Division, LEAA-Devel- opment of a Criminal Justice Center - A Case Study," (unpublished paper prepared for Institute for Court Management, 1971).
Mersky, Ray, Collection of Materials- Describing the Basic Elements of a Working Law Library: Costs and Shelf Space, (unpublished paper prepared for Institute for Court.Management, 1971).
"Proposal to Amend Rules Relating to Divorce and Motor Vehicle Cases," Pittsburgh Law Journal, pp. 19-25.
-I Shayne, Neil, "Radical Changes in the Judicial System Relating to Personal Injury Matters, 'I (unpublished paper prepared for Institute for Court Management, 1971). Report of the Special Judicial Reform Committee, February, 1971', -The' Superior Court of Los Angeles County, 1971.
"Selected Documents Related to Design and Implementation, Los Angeles Superior Court Jury Selection System," (unpublished, 1970).
Ventura County Criminal Justice Planning Board: Problems," (unpublished draft, 1971).
Wong, Dr. Michael, "Security in the Renovated Courthouse: A Systems Concept," (unpublished draft, 1971).
Wong, Dr. Michael, "Space Management Methodology: A Systematic Approach to Comprehensive and Flexible Design of Courthouses and Law Enforce- ment Facilities," (unpublished draft, 1971).
- 84 - Primary Human Resources
Ernest C. Friesen - Facilitator Donald Webber
Mal King
Michael Wong
Ruggero Aldisert
Neil Shayne
Joseph Wapner
Frank Zolin
George Graham
George Kershaw
Roy Mersky
THEME VI11
With Theme VI11 Pre- and Post-Interns were separated into working committees. The Pre-Interns completed a draft descrihing their Intern- ship study in the Federal Courts. The study was a product of the exper- ience during the Internship and the learnings gained throughout the summer.
Following an earlier series of meetincjs to ascertain the perceptions of the Interns, a broad outline for the report was agreed on. Committees took on the writing of various portions of the report. The reports were critiqued and sent to an editing committee. The completed draft was a part of a Final Report prepared by the Fellows during the closing seminar
(see pages 43-46). The Post-Interns developed a detailed guide for the thirteen-week
Internship to follow. Planning for the Internship began early in the
- 85 - summer as the Post-Interns identified group objectives and through the
use of their competency models, and their own individual objectives. By
the time Theme VI11 was reached in. the summer session, each participant knew where his Internship was to he served and in general terms what was to be accomplished. As a beginning point, the study guides developed by the 1970 class and 1971 Pre-Interns were consulted and critiqued. The
Post-Interns developed a guide to structure an inquiry about organizational elements not utilized in the earlier guides. Elements of the guide which differentiated from the study guides previously constructed included a greater concern with -the social, political, cultural, historical and legal environment which surrounds a court system and the effect of this . environment on court operations, provisions for regional meetings during the Internship period to allow an exchange of the Internship experience while it is in progress. They proposed six conceptual bases from which to approach the study: Decision Making Analysis, Role Theory, Hypothesis
Testing, Communication Theory, Structured Functionalism, and Conflict
Resolution. The Internship study guide emFhasizes the following areas:
Budget, Information-Management, Jury Subsystem, Criminal Subsystem, Civil
Subsystem and Juvenile subsystem. Further description of the Post-
Internship is included on pages 92-136: A complete copy of the Study
Guide is included on pages 89-92 of this report. <
- - 06 - LEARNING OBJECTIVES, TEACHING TECHNIQUES, READIrJGS AND PRIPWRY HUMAN RESOURCES Learning- Objectives (Pre-Interns) To exchange the data gathered during the Internship period.
To prepare a written report describing the perceptions and con- clusions of the Interns.
To have a meaningful experience in group participation in accomplishing an objective.
Teaching Techniques
Small work groups
Peer Teaching
Readings
Fish, Peter Graham, "The Circuit Councils: Rusty Hinges of Federal Judicial Administration," The University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 37:203, pp. 203-241.
Paxman, John, "The Circuit Executives Bill: A Legislative History," (mimeographed draft, Federal Judicial Center, 1970).
Primary Human Resources
Joseph Jordan
William Whittaker
Learning Objectives (Post-Interns)
To develop a workable study outline for the Internships.
To finalize individual plans for Internship.
To organize the first week of the Internship in detail.
To organize and summarize the knowledge, skills, and insights developed during the nine-week program.
To have a meaningful experience in group participation in accomplishing an objective.
- 87 - Teachina Techniaues
Small work groups
Lecture-Discussion
Peer Teaching
Readings
"Outline Study Guide for the Internship 1971) Institute for Court Manasement Class," in Geoffrey Gallas. Court Executive Training PGogram Design - Documentakon of First Training Effort: Institute for Court Yanagement, Institute for Court Management, Denver, 1971, pp. 83-123.
Primary Human Resources
Wi11 iam Whit taker
THEME IX
The-final days of the summer were spent on evaluating and assessing
the summer experience. The information is of obvious use to the contin-
uing Institute program. A major purpose, however, was to allow for a mutual diagnosis of the+program to date and, more importantly, to struc-
ture a time for consideration of future learning and development needs.
During Theme IX, opportunity was allowed for reflection, study of-notes, and informal discussion and meetings.
Explicit'attention was redirected to the competency models utilized
throughout the summer.
A high point of the nine-week period was the final banquet, complete with award ceremonies "honoring" the Institute faculty.
No explicit learning objectives were stated, and only one reading was distributed:
Burger, The Honorable Warren, "Annual Message on the State of the Judiciary," delivered at opening of the American Bar Associ- ation Annual Yeeting, 1971.
The facilitators for this short theme were Dr. R.T. Williams and
Geoff Gallas.
- 88 - INTERNSHIP Designed as a thirteen-week research study experience in a court' system, the Internship represents the largest block of time devoted to any one activity during the six-month program. The broad objective of the Intern Program is to provide each Fellow with an opportunity to gain a knowledge and understanding of a working court system. Specific goals stated by the 1971 Post-Intern Fellows include:
I. To integrate the theory of effective court administration with
actual practice.
11. To develop an understanding of the social, political, cultural,
historical and legal environment of a court system.
111. To relate this environment to the administrative operations
of a court system.
IV. To develop an understanding of the interrelationships of
various court sub-systems.
V. To develop the knowledge, skills and understanding necessary
to describe a system, its strengths and weaknesses.
VI. To render a written report on observations and findings.
During the residence period of the Internship, most Interns were visited twice. The first such meeting was conducted on a regional basis. Meetings were conducted in Los Angeles, Chicago, Denver and
New York. Prior to the initial Intern meetings, Bill Whittaker, Director of Intern Studies, directed each Fellow to forward a memo to the Institute discussing their observations about:
1) What formal and informal lines and means of communication exist between:
- 89 - a) The court and the county commissioners or ether financing agency?
b) The court and law enforcement agencies?
2) The extent and quality of formal and informal training of court personnel. The interim report was suggested in order to broaden the management areas explicitly considered during the Internshi? phase. In addition, each Fellow was requested to bring an outline of what he had done to date on his Internship, an outline of plans for the remainder of the
Internship, and a draft of those portions of his final Internship report which had been completed. The outlines on the progress of the Internship and specific infor- mation concerning the information system and training programs were shared among the participants at the regional meetings. The regional meeting was designed first as a learning experience in which each Intern could expand his Internship by reviewing the progress of his colleagues.
Secondly, the meeting.. offered an opportunity for individual and group feedback to individuals on the progress of their Internships to date and future directions which seemed appropriate.
A second series of visits was made to each individual in the court in which he was Interning. Again, the goal was learning and re-evalua- tion. These visits were also designed to pass information from site to site. At the time of the individual visit, several Fellows were moving into the writing stages of their reports, and consultation with Institute faculty offered an opportunity for reflection. Finally, these final visits were used to gather information which would facilitate the design of the Final Seminar.
- 90 - Internship reports were to provide a formal but flexibly structured device by which to record observed data, and a vehicle for sharing data accumulated during the study with all other Fellows. It is hoped that
study reports will enlarge the body of knowledge for ICM in the areas
studied and identify specific areas which may be the subject of future
study projects.
The complete Intern Study Guide is reproduced below. Not every
Fellow followed the guide as developed. Some had back-home job respon- sibilities which prohibited the expenditure of time necessary for com- pletion of the entire study. In many instances, specific job recom- mendations or circumstances dictated a special Internship project which seemed to represent potential as learning experiences. The guide did provide a framework for the Internship period, and it represents a use- ful guide to court officials who seek to initiate a comprehensive survey of the operations of a given court. Each of the subsystems considered:
Administrative, Jury, Criminal, Civil and Juvenile were looked at in relation to five dimensions:
1. Organization and staff
2.. Budget and resources
3. Workflow
4. Control/Monitoring
5. Measurement/Evaluation
A suggested format is given to guide the preparation of the final report . Internships were served in twenty-two locations which are outlined in description of the final seminar to follow.
- 91 - 1971 Post-Intern Class Internship Study Guide Content and PreDaration
INTRODUCTION TO METHODOLOGY
I. There are numerous techniques available for research and information gathering. The most realistic methods which insure the greatest
understanding of the court system are as follows:
A. Interview
B. Observation (participant and pure)
C. Data gathering
D. Source document search and review
Regardless of the techniques or combination of techniques employed,
the researcher possesses certain conceptual biases which influence
the questions asked and the choice of techniques used. It is impor-
tant to realize the biases with which you will approach information
gathering and analysis.
11. The following represents some of the formulated conceptual biases:
A. Decision making analysis.- This approach attempts to identify
the major decisions that are made within a system and the key
decision makers in the system. -----Who makes decisions and why? What is decided? By whom and why?
B. Role Theory. This approach seeks to identify the interactions
and expectations of individuals within the organizational
structure.
----- The real world. People's actions and interactions. How they conceive of self.
C. Hypothesis testing. This approach reflects the classic scien-
tific method. It includes the formulation of a specific
- 92 - proposition which is then better verified or refuted. ----- Gather general data, draw hypothesis, gather more specific data, prove or disprove hypothesis. D. Communication theory. This approach assumes that the method of information transmittal, the clarity of transmittal, and the distribution and duration of transmittal reflect the sub- system and affects the operation thereof. -----Sources of communication, information flow (verbal and written). E. Structural-functionalism. This approach assumes it is valuable to look at the total structure of an organization and the func- tions of the sub-systems within that organization perform. -----Organization charts, hierarchy, statutorially defined functions. Total structure - function. Sub-system - function. F. Conflict resolution. This approach attempts to identify the main sources of conflict within the system, analyze the methods and actors involved in resolving the conflicts, and to note the effect of conflict on the system. ----- Interpersonal conflict, interdepartmental conflict, inter- agency conflict and intersystem conflict.
- 93 - REPORT FORMAT
The following format.is suggested for the use of the Fellows in the preparation of the final report.
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose of report
B. Scope of report
C. Objectives of report
D. Methodologies used
11. OF COURT .. LOCUS .. A. Setting
B. Demography .. .
1. Political
2. Social
3. Economic
4. Cultural__ 111. CONSTITUTIONAL, STATUTORY, POLITICAL A. Historic view of court..
B. Constitutional and statutory restraints, effects and influences ,
C. Political influences, formal and otherwise
IV. JURISDICTION OF COURT
A. Statutory limits-
B. Money amounts
C. Court rules
D. Relation to higher and lower courts
E. Origin;,of workload
- 94 - V. EXAMINATION OF SUB-SYSTEMS A. Administrative - 1. Organization and staff
2. Budget and resources
3. Workflow 4. Control/Monitoring 5. Measurement/Evaluation
B. Jury - 1. Organization and staff
2. Budget and resources
3. Workflow 4. Control/Monitoring 5. Measurement/Evaluation
C. Criminal - 1. Organization and staff 2. Budget and resources
3. Workflow 4. Control/Monitoring 5. Measurement/Evaluation
D. Civil - 1. Organization and staff
2. Budget and resources 3. Workflow 4. Control/Monitoring 5. Measurement/Evaluation
- 95 - E. Juvenile - 1. Organization and staff 2. Budget and resources
3. Workflow 4. Control/Monitoring 5. Measurement/Evaluation
.. -. .. .. A
.. ..
......
..
i I ......
.. .. . ADMINISTRATIVE SUB-SYSTEM
PERSONNEL
I. Statutory Requirements and Administration Rules 1 A. What positions are created by statutes? B. What positions are created by Administration rules?
C: New positions procedure. 11. Employment Procedures A. Determine the employment procedures of the Court System. B. How are applicants qualifications determined? C. Determine the entry procedures for special groups, judges, administrative offices. D. Are there any employment forms? E. Are there any employment reference checks?
111. Training A. Who is responsible for training? Who conducts? Who receives
training?
B. Methods - before service - inservice i C. Explore the training manuals.
D. Are special training facilities provided? i E. Determine scope and sequence of training. F. What are the feelings of the newly employed personnel regarding training received? IV. Supervision A. Determine the supervisory structure of all sub-systems. B. Explore the supervisor selection process. C. What are the functions of the supervisor?
- 97 - I D. Is the supervision adequate? V. Evaluation
A. Who is responsible (in each sub-system)?
I B. What instruments are being used in evaluation? C. What is the sequence of the evaluation process? D. What kinds of counse1 ing are done? VI. Promotion and Discharge A. What are the promotion and discharge policies? Formal or'informal? B. Determine relationships between evaluation, promotion, and
1. discharge.
VII. Grievance Policies -. A. What are the formal and informal grievance procedures?
B. Determine the use of the procedures. - VIII.Manpower Assignments A. Who assigns personnel in all sub-systems? B. Who reports to whom? C. What zare.the,dutiesand -responsibilitiesof each employee? IX. Classification A. Determine grades of 'classification in all sub-systems. B. Determine the rationale for classificat.ions.
X. Compensation .- A. Determine who pays all personnel in the system. B. Review salary _schedules. C. Determine payroll procedures. XI. Records
A. How are personnel records maintained? B. What personnel data is gathered?
- 98 - C. who maintains the records? D. Does the employee have access to his employment record? XII. Retirement and Fringe Benefits
A. What are the retirement policies? B. Who contributes? How much? C. Determine all fringe benefits of all employees (sick leave, professional leave, vacation, etc.) XIII.Labor Relations A. Determine any efforts to unionize labor. B. Identify professional groups within the system. What contri- butions do they make to total system?
- 99 - BUDGET
I. Approach
In a managerial context, the budget serves three major purposes: first, it is a reflection of the overall long or short term plan of the court system to meet its objectives; next, as a document, it is the record of the estimated costs required to implement that plan; finally, it can and should be used as a device -for monitoring the progress of court activities, for controlling these activities, and for evaluating the status of the system's overall plan.
In order to gather data about the budget, it is suggested that you first review the document itself. (Note: it might be beneficial to review three or four of the most recent budgets. The proposed budgets, the approved budgets, and the records of expenditures should be perused.)
Your next step should include interviews with the principal actors in- volved, i.e., the budget officer, the reviewing authority, and the ap- proving authority. Finally, you should discuss this subject with the
"users" or "buyers'. I' (Note: they normally include department heads and/or program or project directors.)
11. Suggested questions (to be asked of individuals or kept in mind during your document review):
A. The budget as a plan:
1. Are long or short-term objectives or goals reflected or
implied in the budget? If so, what are they? If not,
why not?
2. Are these objectives or goals given in priority? If so,
what are they? If not, why not?
- 100 - ' 3. What is the base period (1 year, multi-year) of the
budget? Why is this base period used?
4. Upon what basis is the budget proposed? Past experience?
A forecast? Some other method? Why is the chosen method
used?
5. Is the budget integrated so that friction at the interfaces
of activities is avoided? If so, how?
6. Does the budget stipulate how unfunded or contingency
requirements are to be met? If so, how?
7. Does the budget stipulate how funds are to be allocated
and how the plan is to be implemented? If so, how?
8. Does the budget provide for an evaluation of the plan?
If so, how?
B. The budget as a document:
1. What is the budget format: Line item or program? Why is
the chosen format used?
2. Describe the document: How is it organized? Does it
include an opening statement? Are expenditures justified?
Is a conclusion included?
3. Describe the budget cycle: By whom is it prepared, reviewed,
and approved? What statutes, rules, policies, procedures
and/or standards must be met? How are conflicts resolved?
C. The budget as a control & monitoring device:
1. Is the following information disseminated to department
heads/program or project directors (users). If so, how is
- 101 - this done? By whom? When?
2. Is there a set procedure, directive, policy, or set of guidelines which users must follow in order to use allo-
cated funds? If so, describe it. If not, why not? If
not, describe how funds are disbursed.
3. Does the budget process provide for auditing of expendi-
tures? If so, how is this done? By whom is it done? How of ten?
4. Does the budget process provide for the continuing com-
parative analysis, evaluation, and feedback of information
on the status of the proposed spending program versus the
actual spending program?
NOTE: If possible, a copy of the current approved budget
should be included in the Fellow's report.
.- I.
- 102 - INFORMATION-MANAGEMENT
Since the task of information management threads its way through all of the sub-systems of the court, the following outline will be most helpful if it is applied as each sub-system is reviewed. The clerk's office will be the central point for study of court records, hut thinking in terms of an information management system requires an examination of the office of the court administrator (or his equivalent) and might well involve an examination of the several sub-systems as individuals as well as an examination of the system as a whole. The information system of the courts is comprised of both ''informal information" (i.e. information contained in ad hoc memoranda, oral com- munications, and various meetings), and a formal information system (i.e. routine reports, traditional records, etc.). A great deal of time could be spent or indeed wasted in an attempt to define and describe the "total" information system. Therefore, as a practical matter the primary thrust of these guidelines will be on formal records and reports system. However, lest the full extent of the
information system be misunderstood or overlooked, it is suggested that before focusing on the records management aspects of the information system the following questions be considered: 1) Does the court recognize the distinction between records manage- ment and information management? 2) Where are programs and priorities established and what informa- tion is used to do this? (Court administration office, budget office, presiding judge, etc.)
- 103 - 3) What information is used to allocate or reallocate resources?
4) What information is used to evaluate program effectiveness?
5) How and by whom is this data collected and converted into
information?
Having completed the above analysis, the treatment of records management systems will have a more helpful frame of reference.
The records/reports system of the courts is comprised of records and reports falling into two general categories:
1) Those relating directly to the processing of an individual or defendant.
2) Those used as information sources for management decisions.
Questions which can be used to evaluate and describe the total system and these two separate categories fall into three stages:
1) Records creation
2) Records use
3) Records retention
I. Creation-
A. What records are being kept which relate to the sub-system
under study? How do they relate to that sub-system? Why
. are they necessary for or helpful to that sub-system? Are
personal records being created by court personnel for their
own purposes which are not a formal part of the records
program? Are duplicate records being kept in and among the
different sub-systems? (Consider the clerk's office as a
distinct sub-system also.)
- 104 - B. What statutes or rules of court create a legal requirement for
the keeping of these sub-system records? What records appear
to have no basis in statutes or rules of court?
C. What types of forms are in use? Who controls the forms program
(design, ordering, storage-issue)? Is there a forms manual?
How is it maintained? Are some forms prescribed by statute
or court rule?
D. What sources of input are used in the creation of these records? I
Are inputs to court records generated by: the public? Attorneys?
Court personnel? Related agencies? How do they generate those
inputs?
E. Who controls the court records? (Is there any overall authority?)
Who has access to the records and what are the controls on this
access?
F. How will the records being created relate to the total court information system? Other relevant information systems?
11. Use
A. Use at All Levels
1. Are present forms, records and reports being used and/or
meeting user needs:
a. Is data accurate, complete and timely?
b. What is frequency of use?
c. Are they easy to use?
2. Are present forms, records and reports being used as they were originally intended?
- 105 - B. Standard Procedure
1. Is there a Records Manual available? If so, does it deal with records flow, indexing, standard abbreviations, formal,
etc.?
2. What people are required to use it? What people do use it?
C. Records Maintenance
1. Can you identify the records index system and its compati- bility with index systems throughout the court system and
in related courts?
2. what methods are present for record up-dating and who is
responsible for it?
3. Is the system able to handle noverloadsn (temporary or
permanent) ?
D. Records Flow/Work Flow
1. Are there written work flow procedures and are forms
actually processed in accordance with these?
2. To what extent is the system geared to identification and
retrieval of lost or misplaced records?
E. Cost of Records System '
1. What are the approximate dollar costs in manpower, hardware
and materials for the present system?
2. What consideration should be given to alternative systems
(manual/automated) ?
3. What are the "manpower costs" of the information management , system in relation to total manpower costs for the court?
- 106 - 111. Retention
A. How are records maintained after their "active" life (on site,
in building, remote storage)? In what type of facilities? How
is the site selected for various types of records? Are records
stored to facilitate reference? Are such factors as reference
rate considered? Is there any staffing at the storage site? Who
is concerned with retention? Who are the users?
B. Is there an established retention schedule? How is it estab- lished? How amended? Does it apply to -all records? Are there statutes governing retention? What do statutes prescribe? On
what are they silent? How has the court traditionally interp-
reted statutes? Are these rules of court governing retention?
C. Is there any destruction of old records? What is destroyed?
Is destruction part of the retention schedule? Who supervises
and performs destruction?
D. What tools are being used in Records Management? (Microfilm,
automated retrieval equipment)
€lints on Records Management Study:
1) Request forms (in duplicate) used in system before ascertaining operation of system.
2) Request copies of any reports available.
3) Attach forms or a form summary sheet to flow chart.
- 107 - , . Police Intake Process. Felony c'rrscs
btrj on District Golden\ SuuLe.
.. 1: Entry on 1 I Detective I f.I ------I PROGRAJ"1FLOWCHAnT SYhlUOLS WSTEhl FLOYXHART SYhlSOLS
Rcc&ng. A grwp of ptoqrm Offline p.oiav. Ei&er of paw. malar Rocruing. A prcc&s;.lg card& mrpetic or pcrforitd Lap. hmuctionr w+icsI pcrform J cnn-on. nproccrtinq function of chc prqram. tnpuU0utput Any ~UIKI~~ol an Display. Information d:yl!ayd VO ddvice (makiag information by ~IJZUSor video dcvkn arailible for procesing, rceording Inpul/OoWL Am/ WPof proccuing informatioii. tape dumor dxa. W poritioninq, cu.) W Online koykxd. Information &q?licd lo or by a ccmwccr DECision. Poinu in prgrm ths utilizing an wline &vice. vhwr a branch to alternate pzthr Wedcard. All varirtirs of b pouibb. bawd upcn #unchd cards including stub% 0tnriable conditioirr 0 Sorting. Collating. An Pdoratd upc. Paper or plastic. hopram modification. An inmc opuqtion on sorting or duo QI chidfen. cion or group of instructions Collating equipncnt Aich chsnws the program.
Clerical opmt;on. A ma.iual otninr. o;nra:ior. not rcquiring mechmiul 33.
Trjnsnittdl wpe. A proof m adding m.chhe tap or rlmil~rbarch-mntrol Terminal. The bccjinning, end, a of hformation. 0wt sf interrutxion in a pro:ram. U Gnncctor. An tntw from, or an ai: to, dno:hcr part of Ihs proSrJm 0 flowchart Urgretic tape.
Ccmmunicarim link. me automatic tranmi5m of information (:om cis iNa:ioa rn anoher via com.-r.uni%tiori onao.
1 F'igurc 103. Progrzm and syitem flowchart symbols
- 109 - JURY SUB-SYSTEY
OBJECTIVES '
The objectives are to study the !Jury Sub-systems to determine how effectively jurors are selected and used.
In many instances jury duty i.s the first contact between the public and the court. The public's impressions of the court are
strongly affected by his experience as a juror-.
In many communities the composition of juries is a matter of great importance. The community's- belief in the fairness of the court system - may be greatly dependent upon the manner in which jurors are selected.
Jury costs are one of the most significant items in a trial court budget. The common practice of planning juror supply around peak.demands not only gives -jurors a feeling that their time is being wasted, but is a very obvious unwarranted cost to the system. This is an area where a little application of management may result in great dollar savings.
I. LEGAL CONTEXT
A. Who has overall control of the Jury System?
B. Who is -in charge of the jury selection system?
. c. Who is in charge of the petit jurors when they are actually serving in the Courthouse?
D. Same as C. above except for Grand Jury
- E. Is there a statewide Jury Act?
F. Are there local jury procedures?
G. Research the 18-year-old -juror.
- 110 - 11. WORK FLOW P.ROCESS
A. Selection of Jurors (answer separately for Petit and Grand
Juries, as necessary)
1. What is source of names?
2. How is source list obtained?
3. How current are source lists, and how frequently are they
updated?
4. How are prospective jurors' names selected from the source
list?
5. How is information obtained from prospective jurors e.g. questionnaires, interviews, etc.?
6. How is determination made of the number of prospective jurors. to be queried?
7. How is information in 5 above used to screen prospective
jurors? Who conducts screening?
8. What are the percentages of prospective jurors found qualified in relation to the numbers of those queried by
questionnaires and interviews?
B. Management of Petit Jury
1. Is there an orientation program? If so, who conducts it?
What are its contents?
2. Is the orientation program centralized? Are the jurors
used the same day they receive their orientation?
3. Are jurors called for specific trials, or do they report daily during their assigned term?
4. Are jurors '"pooled"?
5. How many jurors are normally sent to each courtroom?
(give range)
- 111 - 6. What statistics are maintained on jury utilization?
7. What procedure is followed when a jury trial is cancelled after the jury has been summoned?
NOTE :
1. Pooling jurors means calling fewer than the total
number required, relying on using those excused from
one courtroom in another.
2. Examine pay vouchers as a possible source of data relating
to jurors.
C. Management of Grand Jury
1. Is there an orientation program? If so, who conducts it?
What are its contents?
2. Who schedules the working sessions of the Grand Jury?
3. Is the Foreman selected by his peers or appointed? If appointed, by whom?
4.: How many members? What constitutes a quorum? .How often
called? How many votes required to return a "True Bill"?
5. What is the function of the Grand Jury?
D. General
1. Information of jury trials may be collected and published by persons other than those controlling jurors.
2. Is the work flow affected by spatial arrangements within the oourthouse?
3. Have there been any challenges to the jury array during
the past two years? If so, investigate and report.
- 112 - 111. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXT
A. General
1. Is the jury commissioner elected or appointed?
a. Describe compensation
b. Describe responsibility 2. Describe the social and political implications of the
jury process (Would more poor people serve if the pay were more, etc.?).
3. Is obtaining jurors from a cross-section of the population
a stated objective of the court? If so, how is this objec- tive met?
NOTE: If ethnic or minority group representation is a problem,
determine views of interested groups monitoring system. 4. How are prospective jurors excused, exempted or disqual-
ified? Are there social and political implications?
5. Describe jury facilities in the Court House.
6. How are juror's complaints handled?
7. Can people volunteer for jury duty? If so, how many
volunteer?
B. Petit Jury 1. Is the courting of jurors for future political purposes by any officer indicated?
2. Are there social and political implications in serving or
not serving?
C. Grand Jury
1. Who controls the grand jury?
- 113 - 2. Is the grand jury room situated in or near the office of
the person controlling the grand jury? If not, is it
situated in any office other than the courts?
3. Does prosecutor use multiple-count indictments concerning
offenses occurring on different dates?
IV. PERFORMANCE OF THE-SYSTEM 1. What are objectives of key people in subsystem?
2. How. _-well do they feel these objectives are being met? 3. Is the system monitored to evaluate performance and provide feedback?
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- 114 - JURY SYSTEM DATA SHEET
1. Court 2. Territorial Jurisdiction 3. Population of territory - Total: (1970 Census) Breakdown by significant minority groups: 4. Number of judges hearing jury trials:
5. Number of questionnaires mailed per year:
6. Percent of questionnaires mailed per year:
a. No response:
b. Unqualified, excused, etc.:
c. Qualified:
7. Number of petit jurors summoned to serve per year:
a. Average % excused:
b. Average % deferred:
c. Average % actually served: a. Number of jury trials per year
a. Criminal:
b. Civil:
c. Total:
9. Number of jurors usually used on trials:
10. Number of jurors usually used in selecting panel:
11. Number of juror days/year (per vouchers):
12. Juror pay : 13. Number Grand Juries per year: 14. Number persons on Grand Jury: 15. Number indictments filed per year: 16. Number True Bills filed per year:
- 115 - CRIMINAL SUB-SYSTEM
INTAKE UP TO INDICTMENT
I. Arrest
A. Felony
1. Where is subject taken?
2. Where is subject presented for.initia1 appearance?
3. What is the time frame for initial hearing?
4. What paper.(s) are prepared by police?
5. What is the distribution of these papers?
6. What are dispositions following initial hearing?
7. Who prepares complaint?
8. Is the complaint reviewed and if so by whom and how?
9. Who may set bail?
B. Misdemeanors 1. - 8. Same as above
9. How is the trial set in misdemeanor cases?
11. Initial hearing; what is purpose of initial appearance?
A. Makeup of hearing
1. Is it on record: what type of record is made?
Who handles presentation of state's case? (If done at all)
2. How much notice does the prosecutor have?
3. How complete are facts at this stage?
4. Who is present at hearing? Police? Defense?
5. Who conducts? Judge, Magistrate, etc.?
- 116 - 4. Who subpoenas witnesses to grand jury?
H. If proceeding on direct information, what is the procedure
for filing, presentment?
IV. Direct to Grand Jury (case could oriqinate here). A. Who controls presentation? B. Who makes presentation?
C. What are percentages of filings, true bills, no bills,
other findings?
V. Information/Accusation/Presentment (case could originate here)
A. Who controls filing?
B. What is the procedure for case review (screening)?
C. What is the time frame and procedure of filing?
VI. General Questions
A. Where does plea bargaining enter and how extensively is it
used? What is the court's plea bargaining procedure?
1. How are the results of a plea bargain recorded?
2. What parties are present?
3. How binding is the plea bargain agreement?
B. What percent of preliminary hearings are bound over?
C. How much screening is done by police? D.A.?
D. What is the role of counsel at each stage? What is the effect of proceedings?
E. Where do D.A. and Defense Counsel become involved in the case? F. What procedures are utilized for prisoner transfer to court appearances?
G. What percent of cases require public counsel?
H. Is there a connection between formal charging arocedures
(indictment, information, accusation, and presentment) and
- 118 - B. Function of hearing
1. Is there advisement of rights and charges?
2. How is indigency d.etermined. How is counsel assigned
or appointed?
3. Can the conducting official dismiss or downgrade charges?
4. What information or evidence does the court act upon?
5. Is bail set? Is there a preliminary bail report?
If so, who prepares the report?
6. What programs are actually utilized for defendant release?
10% of bail, ROR, Surety Bond.
7. Who coordinates prisoner transfer to hearings?
111. Preliminary hearing
A. Who conducts or participates in hearing?
B. Is there preference for defendants in jail?
C. Is bond reconsidered at the hearing?
D. Is counsel present?
1. Are they same as at initial hearing for D.A., defendant?
2. If not, how are new assignments made for either party?
E. Who subpoenas witnesses?
F. What type of records are maintained at the preliminary hearing
and who are the actors performing this function?
G. If held for grand jury:
1. Who presents? 2. When is the presentation made?
3. Who controls presentation, what percentage of cases does
the prosecutor decline presentation to grand jury?
- 11.7 - pleas taken? Dismissals? etc.?
I. When, how, and by whom is assigned or appointed counsel paid?
RETURN OF INDICTMENT
I. Preparation of defense case
A. Does defense counsel receive a copy of indictment?
B. When does defense counsel enter? (availability of PD &
Legal Aid)
C. What rights of discovery? (statutes, practice, forms) What
is the period of discovery?
D. Is defendant available for preparation of defense?
E. What are the stages of setting, receiving, reviewing, filing
bail? (who, when and where) Why File?
F. What preliminary hearing records are available?
G. When and where are pre-trial motions filed? (procedure and
scheduling)
H. What are compensation schedules for court-appointed counsel?
I. How are conflict of interest situations handled? 1 4 11. Preparation of prosecution case
A. Describe the office authorized to prosecute. (jurisdiction,
method of selection, compensation, office organization, etc.)
B. When is the prosecutor assigned and how?
C. Who does the crime investigation? (Prosecutor staff, police,
others, all?)
D. What is the method of reporting investigation?
E. What other agencies investigate? (coroner, evidence lab, etc.?)
- 119 - F. What records and documents comprise a prosecutor's file?
G. What is the system of maintaining records and communications
of witnesses?
H. How is evidence handled? (Chain of evidence, possessions,
security, etc.)
111. Court responsibility
A. Who creates and mainhains record and how?
B. How are parties notified to appear?
C. How are motions scheduled and heard? Who monitors filing qf
orders?
D. Who knows where defendant is?
1. Who prepares jail list?
2. What is distribution of list?
IV. Arraignment
A. What is purpose of arraignment? (read charges, take pleas,
set trial date, appoint counsel, etc.)
B. How are arraignments handled and scheduled?
C. What parties are present and duties? (paper flow, court
reporter, etc. )
D. What is practice re: continuances?
E. Has indigency been determined?
F. Is bail reconsidered?
G. How is non-appearance handled, what are sanctions for failure
to appear? How and by whom are they executed? With what
result? (As to bail, custodial status, etc.)
H. Is case assigned to a judge at this time? Are trial dates set
at this time? 2 ..
- 120 - V. PRE-TRIAL
A. How are pre-trial motions assigned and handled?
Are there omnibus hearings?
B. Is any priority given detainees for processing?
C. What is policy for continuances?
D. What and who are involved in paperwork? (orders, docketing, record updating, etc.)
E. Are procedures for determining mental competency used? Describe.
VI. TRIAL
A. How and by whom are trials scheduled? Type of calendaring
systems, etc.
B. How are records made available to courtroom? What are the
official records? Who enters new information?
C. Who is present? What are their duties? (court clerk,
reporter, etc.)
D. How are witnesses and attorneys and defendant notified to
appear? How handled once in court?
E. What does court do when parties fail to appear? (See
Arraignment IV, G)
F. What provisions are made for courtroom secutiry?
G. What is trial procedure? (check criminal code of procedure vs. actual practice) Who calls cases?
H. How are juries handled in the courtroom?
I. Is there still a possibility of plea bargaining in the court- room? How handled?
- 121 - J. How are continuances handled?
K. Who conducts voir dire?
STATISTICS which are relevant but may be too detailed or unavailable
(i.e. should not be a requirement of report)
A. Number continuances (%-age) at each stage of proceedings
B. Composition of crime caseload
C. Length of time between each stage
D. Number and status of cases by attorneys
E. Number guilty pleas entered and length of sentence which results.
POST CONVICTION
I. Conviction' to sentence
A. Presentence report
1. How are requests for pre-sentence reports made?
2. What is the time lapse in obtaining reports?
3. What happens when P.S.I. is not ready on sentence date?
4. Briefly outline content of report 5. Who reviews report in the probation department?
6. What are uses of report?
a. Sentence aid?
b. Institutional aid?
c. Probation aid?
7. Are recommendations permitted in report?
8. What is the distribution and availability of report?
Is defendant entitled to a copy?
B. Are there psychiatric reports?
C. Are there narcotic reports?
- 122 - D. Are there special reports?
E. Are there physical reports?
11. Sentencing
A. What are the sentencing authorities? Statutory requirements?
Constitutional Rules?
B. Who are the necessary parties at sentencing?
C. Is there a plea judge and if so does he do the sentencing?
D. Who controls transportation of prisoners between jail and court?
E. Are there sentencing guidelines for the judge?
P. Does the jury have a sentencing function, if so, what? G. Is credit given for time in jail prior to conviction? Who computes?
111. What are the sentencing alternatives?
A. Death
B. Life
C. Term 1. term of years
2. indeterminate
3. concurrent-consecutive
D. Suspended sentence
E. Conditional sentence
F. Continued sentence
G. Fine
H. Cost
I. Civil commitment
J. Probation
- 123 - K. Restitution
L. Institutional patterns 1. penitentiary
2. reformatory
3. county facility
4. special purpose (mental, community center)
5. work release programs
IV. What are the types of post-sentence motions?
A. Direct Appeal
B. Certified (certification)
C. Habeas Corpus
D. Post Conviction Relief
1. time interval during appeal process
2. representation for appeal
3. bail on appeal
4. volume prisoner mail - who handles? 5. transcript on appeal
E. What is the relationship between the probation department and
the court?
1. How is the probation department controlled?
2. How is the probation department funded?
3. How is the probation department staffed?
F. What are state policies and procedures pertaining to extradition?
- 124 - Appendix I
CIVIL SUB-SYSTEM In each of the following areas these questions should be asked if applicable: Who? fThe actors involved) What? (Process/procedure/activity being done) Where? (Does the process/procedure/activity take place) When? ,(Does the process/procedure/activity occur in relation to the whole, in relation to the prior and next step i.e. time sequence) Why? (Is the process/procedure/activity done, by statute, rule, tradition) How? (Is the process/procedure/activity done) Describe the existing information system, if any (formal or informal). What, by whom and when is information recorded, for what purpose, how is it recalled, what is done with it? Samples of forms, printouts, etc. used (if any) a5 well as samples of pleadings referred to, should be included in the report or appendaged theeeto. I. Filings A. How does the court acquire jurisdiction? 1. What are the statutes? 2. What are the local rules? 3. Are there any fees involved? B. What are the defendant's methods of responding? 1. Does he use an answer?
- 125 - 2. What are the other forms of responsive pleadings?.
C. What ministerial/judici.al activities take place prior to
being placed on the tri.al calendar?
1. Are there motions?
2. Are there special pleadings?
3. Are there default procedures?
4. Are pre-trial conferences held?
5. Are settlement conferences held?
6. Are theee discovery procedures?
D. What, if any, deviations from normal procedure take place
by reason of the nature of the cause of action?
11. Calendaring - Case Processing
A. What type of calendaring system is uaed?
1. Is it a master calendar?
2. Is it an individual calendar?
3. , Does it take a different form?
B. What are the ministerial/judicial functions?
C. What delays take place?
D. What is the policy on continuances?
1. Who grants them?
2. Under what circumstances?
3. What records are kept?
4. Are there sanctions? At what point?
E. Is there any control over the caseload of attorneys?
1. What other courts does the trial bar practice in?
2. What calendar coordination exists between courts?
3. What priorities exist?
- 126 - 111. Trials
A. What type of trials?
1. Jury
2. Non-jury
3. Size of jury
B. Are there delays?
C. Are there continuances?
IV. Nature of Dispositions
A. What are the ministerial/judicial activities?
B. What are the different types? 1. Verdicts
2. Judgments 3. Dismissals -- voluntary, involuntary, with or without pr e j ud ice.
V. Post Judgment and Miscellaneous Proceedings
A. How are appeals initiated?
B. How is judgment satisfied?
C. How are motions for a new trial handled?
D. How are judgments enforced?
1. Judgment debtor proceedings
2. Executions of writs
3. Contempt proceedings
E. How are judgments set aside?
- 127 - JUVENILE COURT SUB-SYSTEM
What is the statutory definition of delinquency; of dependency and neglect?
I. What is the structure of the Juvenile Court?
A. Independent statewide court
B. Independent County Court
C. Part of the court of general trial jurisdiction
D. A division of a Family or Domestic Relations Court
11. What is the jurisdiction of the Juvenile Court?
A. Delinquency
B. Dependency/Neglect
C. Adults
D'. What are the age limits?
E. Are Juvenile traffic offinses handled by the Adult Traffic
Court or the Juvenile Court?
F. Is there concurrent jurisdiction with the adult court (s)?
If so, in what areas?
G. What special jurisdictional features are there, e.g. optional
handling of juveniles or youths between 18 and 21?
H. What is the percentage workload distribution of the Court for
A, B and C above?
111. What is the work flow of the Intake Process?
A. Where are the decision points? How much discretion is involved at each? 1. Police - What are the limits and how exercised in practice?
- 128 - 2. Probation Department - What are the limits of discretion and how exercised in practice?
3. Juvenile Court - What impact does it play and how does it influence the intake process?
4. What are the rules governing informal or non-judicial
adjustment?
B. What is the role of the district or county attorney?
C. What are the differences in the intake process from the adult
sy stem?
D. How are juvenile cases scheduled for hearings once filed?
1. Is there a separate juvenile clerk's office?
2. What calendaring method is used?
E. What is the time span between request for a petition and
a hearing (or adjudication) ?
IV. What are the detention practices in the jurisdiction?
A. What are the rules and procedures governing the police? Who
establishes them?
B. What are the rules and procedures governing the probation
department? Who establishes them?
C. What is the role of the Juvenile Court? What supervision, if
any, does it exercise over the operation of the Hall or Center?
1. Must there be a hearing before a juvenile is detained?
What alternatives are there to outright release?
2. Under what circumstances, if any, may a juvenile be detained
in county jail with adult offenders?
- 129 - 3. Under what circumstances, if any, may a juvenile be
detained by the police? 4. Is bail allowed? D. What is the role of social welfare agencies, e.g. public welfare department, in regard to both the intake and detention
processes listed above? If not involved in either, how do they interface with the Juvenile Court?
V. What is the practice regarding the filing of petitions:
A. Who may request the filing of a petition and under what
c ircums t anc e s ?
B. Who is responsible for the actual filing of a petition and
where is it filed?
C. Who makes the final decision on whether a petition is filed?
D. Are there any time limits on the filing of petitions? If so, what are they and how do they differ from adult cases?
E. What are the rules and procedures involved in filing a petition?
VI. How is the adjudication phase handled?
A. When and how are juveniles advised of their rights?
B. When is counsel provided and under what circumstances:
C. Are the other rights enumerated in re Gault provided by
statute, rule or practice?
D. Are jury trials allowed? Are adjudication and dispositional
hearings separate? Are there any special features to the juvenile hearing?
E. Is there a procedure for transferring juveniles charged with
felonies to the adult court for trial as an adult? If so,
- 130 - how does it work and what are the limitations? Can Adult Court transfer cases to Juvenile Court? What considerations/ limitations are involved? F. Are parents/guardians required to appear at hearings? What happens if they refuse?
G. What parental liability, if any, is there arising out of the delinquent behavior of their children? H. Are Juvenile Court proceedings deemed to be criminal or civil in nature, or are they something in between? I. What procedures are used to expunge and/or seal juvenile records? Who initiates this procedure? J. What is the role and responsibility of the district/county attorney in the adjudication/dispositional hearing? Who performs the prosecutorial function if the district/county attorney does not? K. What rule and procedures are there regarding the confidential- ity of hearings, records, and reports? 1. Who may attend hearings? 2. Who may have access to records and for what purpose? 3. Who authorizes release? VII. What is the nature of the dispositional (sentencing) process in Juvenile Court? A. What are the dispositional alternatives available to the Juvenile Court in handling adjudicated children? B. What differences are there in the handling of children adjud- icated for offenses illegal for children only (called CHINS, PINS, etc.) as opposed to children adjudicated as delinquents
- 131 - or dependents.
C. What are some key statistics on adjudicated cases?
1. % placed on probation
2. % released without custody or probation
3. 8 sent to institutions
4. % of cases adjudicated compared to those handled
informally
VIII.What programs or services are operated directly by the Juvenile Court? (for example, education/vocational programs; medical/ dental services; camps: group homes or "halfway" houses; residen-
tial centers in the community; mental health services.)
A. What professional specialists are hired and/or utilized
directly by the court?
B. What is the proximity of the court to other agencies that
provide services to the court? What is the nature of these
non-court social services? How are they utilized by the court?
IX. What is the nature and quality of judicial personnel serving the
Juvenile Court?
A. Do judges rotate or is their job regarded as a specialized
occupation? How are they assigned? How are they appointed?
B. Are referees or commissioners used? What are their qualifi-
cations? What is the extent of their authority?
C. What is the attitude of other judges and court personnel in
the judicial system towards the Juvenile Court?
X. What are the external relations of the Juvenile Court?
A. Are probation services part of the court or part of the
- 132 - executive branch? Are they state or county operated? B. Is there a local police juvenile bureau or section within the police department? If so, how is it used? How does it relate to the Juvenile Court? C. Are interagency seminars held with other agencies? How is liaison with other agencies maintained? D. Are there any community prevention programs? How do they operate? Are there any civic groups which work closely with the court? How do they influence programs and policies of the court? E. Does the Juvenile Court use paraprofessionals, aides, and/or
volunteers? If so, how? (NOTE: this can be added under
number VI11 above.) F. What does an adjudicated delinquent think of the effectiveness of the system?*
*This is a sensitive and difficult area which may require consid- erable time to obtain meaningful data; also, care should be exer- cised in regard to agency/parental/attorney consent in regard to interviewing and using data obtained from interviewing juveniles.
- 133 - D. Final Seminar
After thirteen weeks in the field, the thirty-four Fellows
returned to Snowmass-at-Aspen for the conclusion of a six-month course.
The seminar had five objectives: the first was a cross-fertilization of the information and learnings from the Internship period, second was
cognitive inputs by the Institute faculty regarding three judicial
macro sub-systems (juvenile, criminal, felony processing and civil);
the Fellows then developed an ideal management structure for a unified
trial court of general jurisdiction, fourth, further inputs from the
Institute faculty were made regarding less traditional management theory.
The link to the sixth learning module was a lecture on alternative meth-
ods of calendaring and two learning alternatives: an exercise concerned with Managerial Styles and a lecture - discussion on the organization of the Federal Court System, the seminar concluded with an intensive
period of learning and teaching completely in the hands of the Fellows.
The physical setting was Snowmass-at-Aspen at a local Inn. Snowmass
was purposefully chosen in order to provide an isolated residential
setting.
I. Review and Sharing Internship Reports and Learnings.
The thirty-three Fellows who were in attendance were organized in groups to insure a maximum sharing of the Internship - Fellows who had Internships in the same courts were not assigned to the same groups - likewise Fellows who had Internships in the same state were separated.
During the Internships the following twenty-two courts were studied:
- 134 - Court of Common Pleas Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
21st Judicial Circuit, State of Missouri St. Louis, Missouri
Superior Court of New Jersey Burlington and Ocean Counties Mount Holly, New Jersey
Superior Court of New Jersey Hudson County Jersey City, New Jersey
District Court for the Second Judicial District of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico
Superior Court of Kings County Seattle, Washington
Alameda County Superior Court Oakland, California
Los Angeles County Superior Court Los Angeles, California Ventura County Superior Court Ventura, California
New York Supreme Court--Civil Term First Department New York City, New York
District Court of Douglas County Omaha, Nebraska
District Court of Fairfax County Fairfax, Virginia
Fulton County Superior Court Atlanta, Georgia
Juvenile Court, State of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah Cleveland Municipal Court Cleveland, Ohio Denver County Court Denver, Colorado
- 135 - Iowa Supreme Court Des Moines, Iowa
New York Supreme Court Appellate Term Second Department Brooklyn, New York
Wisconsin Supreme Court Madison, Wisconsin
U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia Washington, D.C.
U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Chicago, Illinois
Review of the Internship reports conducted by William Whittaker occurred in three phases. Each Fellow read the three-to-four reports of the other students assigned to his small group. In small groups,
Internship reports were then presented orally by their representative.
A discussion guide was used during the presentations, and the sessions included a critique by other group members. In plenary sessions high- lights of each report were reported out by someone other than the author.
This three-staged exercise was designed with the primary goal of infor- mation sharing as well as providing base-line information to which ab- stractions developed later in the seminar could be related.
11. Visiting Faculty Inputs Juvenile, Criminal and Civil Sub-systems
Three members of the Visiting Institute Faculty, Ted Rubin, Donald
Fuller and Maureen Solomon gave lectures on their perceptions of the critical elements determining the effectiveness of court operations
(effectiveness including a concern for both the quality and quantity of justice.). They presented the Institute's on-going projects. Ted
Rubin in Juvenile Courts, Don Fuller in Criminal Sub-systems and Maureen
- 136 - Solomon in Civil Sub-systems highlighted the section on the research agenda for the near future. In part, these lecture-discussions provided an overview to the Internship reports of earlier sessions.
111. Models for a Unified Trial Court of General Jurisdiction
Ernest Friesen worked with the group to define critical points developed by Rubin, Fuller and Solomon as well as the management prin- ciples which seemed to be emerging as critical to court operations.
After a brief discussion of the characteristics of a Unified Trial Court, each Fellow retired to work alone on a proposed management structure for a unified trial court. Members presented various and conflicting struc- tures for group critique and discussion.
An important emerging concern was the court's interdependence with a variety of external institutions, agencies and power blocks. In an ' effort to articulate these relationships, a role play was developed by
Director Friesen. Similar to a role-playing exercise in the summer
(Theme IV) the event was a public meeting in which various actors, in-: cluding the Presiding Judge, Court Executive, District Attorney, Police
Chief, and County Board Supervisors met with interested citizens to discuss the court's illnesses. A primary objective was to illuminate . the stereotypes that the Fellows hold of various groups and individuals.
These stereotypes emerged as the group members interacted in their group or individual roles.
IV. Less Traditional Management Theories
Moving from concern with management structure as the critical element in an organization's effectiveness, attention turned to the processes, norms and values in models and concepts developed by Jack
- 137 - Gibb, Malcolm Knowles and Leonard Sayles. The effort was to further
articulate the findings from the Internship experience. R.T. Williams
presented Jack Gibb with emphasis on the modal concerns Gibb feels
differentiate the Productive and the Defensive organization. The start-
ing point for William's discussion of Gibb was those forces and concerns
which have recently drawn the attention of theoreticians and practition-
ers to organizational climate as opposed to organization charts.
Geoff Gallas presented two areas Malcolm Knowles has developed--the
first was the alternative behavior patterns arising out of the role con-
flict which is an inevitable concommitant of life in the modern world.
Secondly, using a chart in which Knowles differentiates the Innovative
and Static Organization, Gallas described his perception that certain
aspects of the Judiciary's culture force courts in the direction of a Static Organization.
Ernest Friesen presented Leonard Sayles as a less traditional
traditionalist whose studies had led him to seek new words and concepts
to describe the processes of management in a complex organization. The basic elements of Sayles which were discussed included Workflow, Inno- vation, and the Change Agent.
The first link to the final module of the seminar was a lecture- discussion led by Ernest Friesen. He highlighted each of four calendar- ing models. The Individual Calendar, the Master Calendar, the Hybrid
Calendar and the Team Calendar. The apparent strengths and weaknesses of each method were articulated. Included was a discussion of court size, climate and structure which seemed to favor the implementation of each calendaring process. The need for empirical data to define the
- 138 - variables affecting the operation of each method arose as a critical research item for the future.
The first of two alternative sessions was the organization of the Federal Court System presented by William Whittaker. In connection with this seminar, the following reading was distributed.
"Introduction to Federal Courts," adapted from A Guide tp Court S stems (a pamphlet) Institute of Judicial Administration, ?--unpublished, -- prepared at the Institute for Court Management, 1971).
The second alternative was a Leadership Styles Workshop conducted by
Geoff Gallas. Built on the managerial grid developed by Robert Blake, the workshop tries to give participants a diagnosis of their leadership style and its consequences. The following book was distributed:
Blake, Robert and Moulton, Jane; The Managerial Grid, Gulf Publishing Company, 1964.
V. Fellows Workshops The design and sequence of this series of lecture - discussions was left to a representative group of the class. The workshops were designed to provide an opportunity for peers to teach one another. The following topics were covered:
The Future and Goals of an Alumni Association
Personnel Systems for Courts Grantsmanship
A Method of Formulating and Projecting a Budget in a Trial Court
The Effects of Court Administration on Poverty-Level Citizens
A Model to Describe Criminal Processing
Computers
Computerization of the Civil Calendar in a Federal Court
- 139 - Group Discussion: Where Do We Go From Here?
Three readings were distributed in connection with this series of
lectures and discussions:
Murray, Philip X., "Discussion Paper on the Effects of Court Administration on Poverty-Level Citizens," (prepared for the Federal Judicial Center as part.of an Internship Report for The Institute for Court Management, 1971).
Murray, Philip X., and Vagner, Charles, "Description of the Federal Judicial Center Experimental Civil Case Management System Preliminary Draft," (prepared for the Federal Judicial Center as part of an Internship Report for the Institute for Court Management, 1971).
Vagner, Charles, "Study of Disposition Time of Civil Cases in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois," (prepared for the Federal Judicial Center as part of an Intern- ship Report for the Institute for Court Management, 1971).
Prior to Seminar, the following readings were distributed to the
Fellows:
Gibb, Jack R., "Fear and Facade: Defensive Management," Science and Human Affairs (Richard Pryson, Editor), Science and Behav- ior Books, 1961, Palo Alto, California.
Gooding, Judson, "The Engineers are Redesigning Their Own Profes- sion," Fortune, June, 1971, pp. 72-76.
Jourard, Sidney M. and Whitman, Ardis, "The Fear That Cheats Us of Love," Reprinted from Redbook, October, 1971.
Rosenberg, Maurice, "The Adversary Proceeding in the Year 2000," reprinted from Perspectors: A Journal of Law Reform, Univer- sity of Michigan Law School, 1967.
Vanderwicken, Peter, "The Angry Young Lawyers," Fortune, September, 1971, pp. 74-78.
Williams, R.T., "A Statement to Aspiring and Practicing Court Executives," The Institute for Court Management, (unpublished, prepared for the Institute for Court Management, 1971).
An eventful, at times trying, at times exhilerating six-month program concluded with a graduation ceremony at the Colorado Supreme Court with
- 140 - the Justices and Denver University Chancellor Mitchell in attendance.
The Vice-chairman of the Institute's Board of Trustees, Judge Frank
Murray, presided over the ceremony. After a brief reading in honor
of Robert Guiliano, who passed away during the program, thirty-four
individuals officially became Fellows of the Institute for Court Manage- ment.
- 141 - Ea PRESENT PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS HE.LD BY 1971 POST-INTERN FELLOWS
Of the thirty-four Post-Interns, twenty are directly in the
employment of court systems. Fourteen are Court Executives or within
the office of Court Executives in suburban and urban Trial Courts
(including one person with a Juvenile Court and one with a Family Court).
Six are employed by State Supreme Courts, two people are working in the
Federal Court System. Ten people are presently engaged in activities
which are directly supportive of Court Administrators whether in rc-
search positions, as Directors of Educational proqrams or with regional
offices of the Law Enforcement Assistance Agencies as Court Specialists.
Two persons are engaged in jobs with organizations which are part of
immedis.te environment of the courts--one with a state legislature and
one as Superintendent of a Juvenile Hall. Two individuals are presently
engaged in a joint JD and MS degree in Judicial Administration program
at the University of Denver College of Law. One person is presently
not employed but is actively pursuing positions within the field. The
positions held by the Post-Intern Fellows are as follows:
Wavne Blacklock Court Administrator Superior Court of New gersev Atlantic, Cumberland and Cape May Counties Atlantic City, New Jersey
Robert Bonner Court Program Specialist Law Enforcement Assistance Agency Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Raymond Burgh ardt Courts Division Law Enforcement Assistance Agency Washington, DC
- 142 - Arthur Christean Court Administrator Juvenile Court, State of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah Robert Connor Administrative Assistant and Fiscal Officer Missouri Supreme Court Jefferson City, Missouri Samuel Conti Court Administrator Superior Court of New Jersey Hudson,County Jersey City, New Jersey Larry Coughenour Court Administrator Second Judicial District Albuquerque, New Mexico James Dunlap Criminal Court Administrator Harris County District Court Houston, Texas Patrick Gaffigan Court Administrator Superior Court of New Jersey Burlington and Ocean Counties Mount Holly, New Jersey Julian Garza Student Denver University College of Law Denver, Colorado Maurice D. Geiger Boston Region Courts Specialist Law Enforcement Assistance Agency U.S. Department of Justice Boston, Massachusetts James L. Gullet State Health Legislative Office Legal Advisor Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- 143 - Peter Haynes Director of Judicial Administration University of Southern California Los Angeles, California Charles Heaney Administrative Clerk New York Supreme Court Appellate Team Second Judicial Department Brooklyn, New York Carl Hopkins Superintendent Contra Costa County Juvenile Hall Martinez, California Edward M. Kritzman Assistant Chief Deputy County Clerk Office of the County Clerk Los Angeles, California J. Earl Langner Research Associate Courts Specialist Federal Judicial Center Washington, D.C. R. Hanson Lawton Appellate Case Reviewer Supreme Court Reporter State of Iowa Des Moines, Iowa Peter Lopez Director of Ventura County Courts Project State of California Ventura, California Steven Madson Assistant Director Court Management Project Cleveland, Ohio Robert McKeever ._ Administrator Supreme Bench of Baltimore City Baltimore, Maryland
- 144 - Philip Murray Educational Coordinator for the Executive Secretary Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts Sofron Nedilsky Director of Judicial Education Wisconsin Supreme Court Madison, Wisconsin
John F. Paul Director Wayne County Probation Depaqtmeqk Detroit, Michigan
Ellis Pettigrew Municipal Court Administrator Toledo, Ohio Philip Sinsky The Maxwell Graduate School Syracuse University Syracuse, New York Frank Stevenson Clerk in Charge Family Court of the State of New York New York, New York Donald Teasley Student Assistant to the Dean Denver University College of Law Denver, Colorado
Jack Thompson Court Administrator Fulton County Superior Court Atlanta, Georgia
Charles W. Vagner Chief Deputy Clerk U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Chicago, Illinois
Jack Wagner Court Administrator Court of Common Pleas Lucas County Toledo, Ohio
- 145 - Jean M. White Director, Innovative Programs and Projects Office of the Court Administrator Court of Common Pleas Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Paul White Court Administrator District Court of Douglas County Omaha, Nebraska
John E. Woods Consultant Institute for Court Management Denver, Colorado
The average increase in yearly income of each Institute Fellow from the beginning of the progran 3s compared to his present yearly income is $3,000. This ranges from a loss of $1,000 of income per year to an increase of $12,500 per year. The median increase is
$3,200 per year.
- 146 - VI.Selection Processes - 1972 Class Approximately seven hundred applications were on file for entrance
into the 1972 class. One quota directly affecting the selection routine
was the limited number of Ford fellowships (twelve to fourteen). Since
the projected class size was forty, the goal was to select approximately
twenty-eight people with Court, LEAA, Federal Agency, etc., support.
The twelve Ford Fellows were chosen from 550 applicants, the Court :
Supported were selected from approximately one-hundred-fifty applicants.
There were six steps to final selection. The original group of
700 applicants were screened down to 200 by an ICM Staff Committee.
Screening was accomplished almost entirely on the basis of the written
application, including letters of recommendation. Each of the 200 in
the top group were invited to a six-hour group interview in one of faur
locations: San Francisco, Denver, Chicago and Washington, D.C. Appli-
’ cants paid their own expenses to attend the interview sessions.
All the group interviews were conducted by one team of four indi-
viduals: Drs. Marianne and R.T. Williams, James Thomas and Geoff Gallas.
One team was used to eliminate the lack of consistency in the interview
process during the previous year. There were three goals of the group
interview process:
To help the applicants understand ICM, its personnel, the devel- opment program, and the selection process. The effort was to set expectations at a reasonably consistent level,
To familiarize candidates with one another. To provide information about the applicants to ICM Committee.
7 Two basic assumptions were made: first, everyone in attendance
was interested in the program; second, everyone had the minimum intellectual
- 147 - skills to succeed in the profession and in the Institute's program.
The effort was to check interpersonal style and skill, values, and self- concept. The six-hour process had four stages: a sharing and inter- action concerning each individual's life history, sharing and discussion by each individual of a success he has achieved in recent years, a group task defining the basic competencies needed by a Court Executive and/or a group cooperation problem-solving exercise involving a paper puzzle, and finally a question-and-answer session. The sessions were an extreme- . ly effective screening device.
Foilowing the interview, a number of site visits were conducted.
Generaily, the candidates -visited were persons who were uniformly rated
- highly and/or over whom there were widely divergent evaluations. Personal visits were made only to people who would be seriously considered for admittance on the basis of their Witten application and interview pres- ence. The major interest was the job location, although where possible a home visit was made.
.A fourth^ step to selection was an ICM Staff selection of a class
OE fourteen Ford Fellows and six alternates, axd thirty-four Court-Supported
Fellows and fifteen alternates. The selections were made after a systema- tic re-evaluation of the written applications, a review of the interview and site-visit evaluation, and a final determination to- insure an optimum mix of students by professional and educational background, age and geo- graphic spread.
The Selection Committee of the Board of Trustees met to review the
selections made by the ICM staff. The class selected by the ICM staff remained essentially intact.
- 148 - . Final selection occurred with agreement on financial agreements and the receipt of the assurance of funding support for the Court- Supported candidates. Forty-six people were tentatively selected for the program: twelve Ford Fellows and thirty-four Self- or Agency-Supported candi- dates. Several candidates emerged later; -the final class breakdown included forty-eight people, thirty-seven with Self- or Agency- Support and eleven with Ford Support. The class includes people from twenty states, +,he District of Columbia, and the Philippines; nineteen class members are lawyers and twenty-nine are non-lawyers. Forty- seven people have judicial experience, and eight do not. Nineteen of the class have J.D. or LL.B. degrees. Of these, four have Masker's degrees in addition to a Law degree. Fourteen of the selected 1972 Fellows have achieved Master's degrees. Of these, two have additional Master's degrees and/or law degrees in progress. The highest academic degree received by nine people is a Bachelor's. Four of the admitted students have no academic degree at the University level. The mean age of the group is 36.2 years, and the median age is 32. The age range of the 1972 class is twenty- four to fi fty-seven . Brief biographical sketches of each individual are included as Appendix D.
149 VILChanges in the Projected Institute for Court Management Program for 1972
The Court Executive Development Program will see changes in
degree rather than kind in 1972. Trends toward individualizing the
Immersion and Internship will be continued. Experienced Fellows will
spend their Immersion periods in ''boundary" agencies (i.e., with Police,
the Prosecutor, Public Defender, Legislature, a Law Firm or an Insurance
Company) rather than in courts. The summer will be affected by the
advent of a five week series of workshops for active Court Administrators.
Forty students will be in attendance for these workshops, in addition to
the regular Institute class. A more detailed background and outline
concerning these workshops is available on subsequent pages. The Summer Classwork will continue several trends from 1971 classes:
use of less faculty, attention to establishing and maintaining a learning
.-community, emphasis on the environment surrounding the court and a family-
oriented program. Within these broad trends, an effort will be made to further counteract the disruptive effect of numerous faculty sporadically moving in and out of the learning process. The importance of reinforcing
the responsibility of the learner is established as a central concern.
Students are chosen-to represent all aspects of the court's environment,
and efforts to integrate their expertise and experience into the learning-
teaching situation will continue. Mechanisms for establishing community
governance in the hands of the total learning community are being refined.
A preference for education in opposition to training remains a strong philosophical guidepost. The basic content of the course will remain
intact. During the Classwork Section, more specificity and focus on
- 150 - topical themes will be present in the consideration of the practical This day-to-day affairs of the Court Manager (Themes 6 & 7 in 1971). will result in part because of the increased number of participants during the workshop program. The end result will be greater continuity
and less disruption with the sacrifice of the real learning that can
result from peer teaching peer (see pages 75-81). A description of
some of the history and the content of the projected 1972 workshop progr
is outlined below.
- 151 - VIILVorkshops in Court Administration
A five-week series of workshops were designed for active practition-
ers. Through the accomplishments of the former graduates, the support of
the Judiciary generally, and the Chief Justice particularly, the Insti-
tute's program had gained national visibility and credibility. As a result of the influx of LEAA funds and a growing concern with the admin-
istration of justice, more people are assuming management positions
within the Judiciary. Increasing numbers of practitioners (both new-
comers and oldtimers) desired the training provided by the Institute.
The market had expanded. In addition, the funding base for ICM was to
change - with a direct effect on the regular six-month program. After 1972, the extended program is likely to cease (at least in its present form). Many well-qualified applicants from courts and court-related
agencies could not be accepted into the regular program. Many competent professionals in the field could not afford the expenditure of time
involved in the regular six-month program. These events signaled a need for a new format, tuition supported, with an abbreviated time frame. The immediate result during the summer of 1972 will be a five-week
series of workshops. These workshops will overlap with the regular
summer program.
The Goals identified €or the entire five-week workshop are as
follows:
To increase and enhance staff capability to provide modern, efficient and effective management services to the court, including: 1. Case control and calendar management 2. Jury management 3. Resource management 4; Personnel management
- 152 - 5. Records management 6. Information system development 7. Systems design, implementation and operation To develop and improve relationships with other persons and agencies interacting with the court. To develop a foundation for upgrading the competencies and skills of other non-judicial personnel in the court. To relieve the judges from performing non-judicial administrative functions. To bring to the court new and innovative programs to improve its operations. To professionalize the top level administrative personnel in the court. To permit the court to make effective use of outside consultant services when needed. To assist the court in developing participative team management. As presently conceptualized, the specific workshop content is outlined below: Week One - Case Flow Management
A. Types of Calendars 1. Individual 2. Master 3. Hybrid 4. Team
B. The significant activities in the processing of litigation and their effect upon case flow management
1. Criminal ,. a. arraignment b. appointment of counsel C. motions d. trial e. post-trial motions f. pre-sentence investigations g* sentencing h. the omnibus hearing i. plea bargaining
- 153 - 2. Civil a. pleadings b. motions c. discovery d. pretrial e. settlement hearings f. trial g. post-trial motions C. Problems in scheduling witnesses D. Problems in scheduling jurors E. Time conflicts of counsel F. The role of the court administrator in 'case flow management
G. The role of the judges in case flow management
H. Planning with other agencies and persons 1. The bar 2. The prosecutor 3. The public defender 4. The probation department 5. The jury comnissioner 6. The clerk I. Informational needs and usages in case flow management 1. Specific case information 2. Statistical case information J. Appellate case flow management Week Two - Planning and Allocating Resources A. Types of budgets 1. Incremental 2. Line-item 3. PPB B. Participation in the budget process C. The budget call D. Establishing resource needs E. Submission of departmental budget
- 154 - F. Agency budget hearings G. Revisions H. Budget presentation I. Comptrollership J. Resource planning
K. Constraints upon resource planning and allocation L. Personnel M. Facilities N. Equipment, supplies and materials
0. Contracting Week Three - Personnel Systems A. Types of personnel systems 1. Merit (Civil Service) 2. Patronage 3. Open 4. Professional 5. Combination B. The personnel officer C. The selection of personnel D. Training of personnel E. Salary plans F. Job classifications
G. Promotions
H. Discipline
I. Grievance procedures
J. Employee benefits
K. Personal development of employees L. Employee participation in management
- 155 - Week Four - Information Systems
A. The concept of systematized information 1. Information needs 2. Source of input 3. Reliability of input 4. Transmission 5. Storage 6. Use 7. Purging B. Management information 1. Specific case information 2. Collective case information
. a. Caseload b. Weighted caseload c. Time factors 3. Operational information -..- a. Resource Allocation b. Personnel Allocation c. Facility Usage C. Fundamental Statistical Concepts D. Records Management 1. Record creation 2. Storage 3. Use 4. Retention/Retirement/Destruction 5. Forms design E. Electronic data.processing Week Five - Application of Modern Management and' Technology to the Courts As yet undesigned, this workshop would condense much of the-. material covered in the first four weeks into one week. Management theorists to be covered would include McGregor, Likert, Blake, Maslow, Herzberg and Argyris. Emphasis will be placed on a common sense re-view of both computer technology and modern business machines and equipment.
- 156 - Approximately forty students will be accepted into the workshop program. All will be supported by their courts and/or agencies through a variety of funding schemes.
In addition to the projected class, a schedule of approximately forty-four class hours per week, a family program for both wives and children will be available. The spouse program will include substantive areas of Court Management. An objective is an integration of the work- shop participants and their families into the existing learning community.
- 157 - IX. Summary of 1972 Changes On the basis of two years' experience, it is this writer's view
that the basic design, flow, proportions and content of the Institute's
six-month program have validity. It has stood the test of two years.
The changes in the Immersion experience for the students who have had
contact with the Judiciary, the continual redefinition of the Internship .
focus are evolutionary. The Class-work Section was both plagued and .. blessed by the presence of numerous faculty and visiting experts,. In
the final analysis, it appears that more i-s to be ned by more use of less faculty. The primary gains are in the area of course continuity
and an increased quality and quantity of student interaction. The con-
tent of the Classwork Section beginning with a definition-of court's
environment, moving to the role 0-f th'e Court Executive, then to the
practical, technical aspects of court management, and later, using a
- budget exercise and planning the Int
material is sound. The material on the environment can be condensed-- I and an -integrated theoretical framework is needed. Concepts which weave
through the consideration of the culture 'are: mle theory, socialization,
. bureaucracy, open systems and three branches of government--checks and
balances.
The Workshop program as planned will divert energy from the ideas among class members as well as eliminate some of the apparent lack of
leadership and unevenness that emphasis on peer teaching. peer -causes. The
students will feel 'happier with the direction and structure. My conclusion
is that deep learning (i.e. learning which affects behavior) will not occur as frequently. This will be due more to the loss of Fellow
5.
-I - 158 - opportunities to teach rather than the loss of opportunities to learn.
I The availability of -student experience during the five-week workshop series will be, nevertheless, enormous.
- 159 - X, UNIVERSITY AND EXTRA-UNIVERSITY ADAPTATIONS
It is believed that by 1972 or 1973 university and college training programs will be able to play an important role in the development of court administration. Only four universities presently have comprehen- sive programs in effect. These institutions are: The University of Denver College of Law and School of Public Administration; the University of Southern California School of Public Administration; The American University Center for the Administration of Justice; and the Colorado State University College of Business. There are quite a number of universities with programs in law enforcement, corrections and criminal justice. The University of Omaha; Wichita State University; Michigan State University; and the John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, are represen- tative of this group. There are indications as well that some of the schools offering law enforcement programs may start including court management as an important phase of their curriculum; for example, John Jay has a master's program with an emphasis on Judicial Administration before its Regents. The modern trend is to look at law enforcement as only one part of the total criminal justice system. An indication of the new thinking is the fact that Michigan State University on July 1, 1970, changed the name of its well known School of Police Administration to the School of Criminal Justice. It is possible, however, that such departments may not be the best place for court management training. The problems are widespread and involve both the criminal and civil docket.
- 160 - Law schools would seem to be a good place to teach court admini- stration. Dean Dorothy Nelson has been teaching a course in this area at the University of Southern California Law School. She is also writ- ing a casebook on judicial administration. However, some courses being offered in law schools today seem to deal with judicial administration in terms of criminal procedure, administrative law, judicial ethics and responsibilities, rather than the real problems of court management, i.e., calendaring, jury management, budgeting, personnel, and information systems. .A number of prominent law schools either have or are seeking grants from government agencies or private foundations to conduct studies, in the criminal justice field. Harvard Law School and the University of California Davis Law School have major studies underway in this area. In summary, however, court management is not and should not be a separate and distinct discipline--it should remain a focus for many disciplines. In the final analysis, the most relevant discipline from which to orient programs in court management is management, not law.
THE UNIVERSITY OF DENVER PROGRAM The University of Denver College of Law has recently announced a new master's degree program in Judicial Administration. Forty-five quarter hours including a-2-4hour internship are required for the degree. The Denver University program features interdisciplinary courses in law, management, administration and public finance. Six quarter hours are devoted to empiracle research methodology. It is now possible at Denver University to pursue a four-year program of study leading to a J.D. in law and an N.S. in Judicial Administration concurrently. A few students
- 161 - will have had a J.D. degree in law before entering the M.S. program.
Mr. Harry Lawson, the State Court Administrator for Colorado, will be
in charge of an eight credit-hour judicial administration seminar. Mr.
Lawson, a consultant and lecturer,for the Institute for Court Management,
is well qualified for his role in the D.U. program.
THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PROGRAM
The University of Southern California very recently announced a
program in judicial administration. Dr. Peter Haynes will serve as the
first Director. Dr. Haynes has been affiliated with the Institute for
Court Management for a year and was a Fellow in the second class. The
U.S.C. program will be administered by the School of Public Administration;
however, the School of Law will also be involved. The U.S.C. program has
been funded by the California Council on Criminal Justice. During the
next two years, U.S.C. will be attempting to design a computer simulation game concerned with court management as well as programmed instruction.
THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY PROGRAM
The Center for the Administration of Justice at American University was formed by a merger of the Law Enforcement and the Correctional Admin-
istration Programs. Courses in court administration are offered but the catalog offerings suggest that law enforcement and corrections continue to be the major emphasis. The Center offers programs for both part-time and full-time students. One program leads to a Certificate in the Admin- istration of Justice, and it is designed primarily for part-time, non- degree students employed by governmental agencies involved in the
- 162 - administration of justice, civil and criminal. Another program requiring the completion of 16 courses leads to an Associate Degree in the Admin- istration of Justice. This program is designed for part-time, undergrad- uate students employed by government agencies involved in the administra- tion of justice, civil and criminal. The Bachelor of Science Degree in the Administration of Justice is designed both for students preparing for careers in the administration of justice and for students already actively engaged in such careers. For those desiring graduate work, the Center offers a Master of Science in the Administration of Justice. David Saari is the recently appointed Director of the Center.
THE COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY PROGRAM
The Administrative Management area of the College of Business at
Colorado State University will offer an option in Judicial Administration beginning in 1972--Winter Quarter. The program will be an undergraduate one and.wil1 include courses in judicial administration, records manage- ment and an internship in a trial court of general jurisdiction. Dr.
John Staples will coordinate the program at Colorado State University,
Mr. Dwayne Oglesby, a graduate of ICM's first class, is a member of the faculty at C.S.U.
In addition to these four operational programs, a long list of universities and colleges are interested in establishing programs in court management. These include University of Maryland, Florida Atlantic University,
Georgia State University, Florida State University, Long Island University, the University of New York at Albany, Southern Illinois University, San
- 163 - Diego State, Central Michigan University, West Virginia University,
Duquesne University, University of Tulsa, Washington University (St. Louis), Temple University, Indiana University, Michigan State University, Sam
Houston University, University of Miami, St. John's University (Jamaica,
New York), University of Arkansas and the University of Houston-. Some of the above are definitely planning programs, others are only in the early discussion state. Some are merely universities in which a professor has expressed an interest in further investigation of the matter.
HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION AS A MODEL
It is interesting to note that until 1970 there was not a single university program specifically designed to develop court administrators.
At the same point in time, hospital administration had reached consider- able sophistication and maturity.
In 1924, Marquette University established a College of Hospital
Administration. Marquette's program was. dropped in 1928 because there was not sufficient.enrollment. In 1934, the Un5versity of Chicago 6. initiated a program and Northwestern University followed in 1943. In
1945, Columbia University established its now famous school. Minnesota, another leader in the field, organized ?a school in 1946. Today hospital administration programs are offered at more than a score of leading col- I leges and universities. Best known are twp-year graduate-level programs.. One year is devoted to academic training and one year is spent in an internship program. As a result of the various programs across-the
United States, hospitals and clinics are largely administered by profes-- sionally trained administrators rather than medically trained doctors.
- 164 - After a long period of scientific training, the medical doctor can
normally serve best by devoting his time to the area of his expertise, i.e., the operating room, laboratory or clinic office, not in administ-
ration and management. The same reasoning applies to a judge. After
long training in law and legal problems, it is wasteful for a judge to spend his time in an area for which he has neither training nor interest.
It is my prediction that the development of court administration will follow the same pattern as hospital administration. Court administration,
at the moment, is 25 years behind hospital administraiton. It is esti-
mated that it will n'ot require more than seven years for court admini-
stration to close the gap.
The most serious impediment to the acceleration of programs to
develop court management personnel will be the lack of linkages from
university programs to existing placements and/or the stimulation of
future openings. This weakness is painfully evident in all of the four programs identified earlier. This failure has resulted because univer-
sity representatives presently lack the time, resources and knowhow needed
to tap 7and expand the market for its graduates. Programs have generally been conceived without a clear sense of mission regarding the relevant
placement of students. The importance of having an accurately perceived mission is increasingly evident.
LEVELS OF COURT ADMINISTRATION The "blue ribbon" classes being trained by the Institute for Court
Management should provide candidates for top positions available in the
$15,000 to $40,000 salary range. The top court administrator in a court
- 165 - should receive a salary nearly equivalent to the judges of the court. Salaries today for judges in courts of'general jurisdiction and above are usually in excess of $20,000 per year: $30,000 per year is not uncommon. Those trained in the master's programs at Denver University, University of Southern California and American University and similar universities should be able to handle second level positions in the $10,000 to $18,000 category. There are, however, great numbers of third level positions in the court administration field which will be in the $6,000 to $12,500 range. Individuals with Bachelor's degrees with a focus in court administration, such as the program at Colorado State University, will be qualified to move into these positions. In addition, para-professionals could be developed by two-year programs in community and junior colleges. To be truly successful, any program conducted by universities whether on the graduate, bachelor's or two-year level must be conceived, planned, operated and continuously evolved in collaboration with the target Court systems. . The development of people should carry to and from the work situation. If programs are operating with insufficient cogni- zance of the actual and future needs of court systems, little will be accomplished. University degrees and courses are one aspect of a total program which should be designed both to update the skills of present court personnel and to develop new blood for emerging professional roles. A comprehensive approach which includes a strong linkage of universities and courts to provide formalized courses and degrees, short-term workshops and seminars and job enrichment is the modern concept which ought to be
- 166 - applied. A secondary benefit should be practical experience and daily contact which will assist university professors in their development of knowledge in the field.
SUMMARY On the surface, the call above indicates a need for competent technicians with skills which are clearly needed. It should be enough to state that university programs will be plagued by irrelevance, and isolation as well as demands for the overly technical and parochial. The latter type of program (designed to produce technicians) will likely be more responsive in the short run but will show an increasingly disappoint- ing output as the impotence of technical skills untempered by understand- ing becomes clear. A balance is crucial. Technicians trained and mar- keted as technicians will never lend the status which court managers will need in the highly professional world of the judiciary. Lastly, where the focus is on developing technicians, the match of the type and degree of skill to the need in courts will be difficult to achieve but will have great importance.
It is impossible to omit the conclusion that the Institute for
Court Management's program is described in this and the previous report point the way to a synthesis of content and focus for programs to develop court management personnel. Finally, ICM has always been very effective in sensing and expanding the market for its graduates and maintaining a balance between the demands of university professors for the inclusion of theory and the insistance of active practitioners about the importance of day-to-day $kills.
- 167 - University and extra-university programs which survive while remaining vibrant will have a number of things in common. The first will be long-term associations with client systems (courts). These associations will be strengthened by the existence of in-service training and non-credit programs for both ex- and non-graduates. Strong and con- tinuing programs will compliment and help define career ladders within target court systems. Continuing programs will provide a home base for basic research which will contribute to the growth of the field. Finally, strong programs will be multi-dimensional and changing without a loss of focus or direction.
..
- 168.- XI, APPENDIX A
Present Positions Held by 1970 ,Graduates
Carl Baar Professor of Political Science Corne 11 University Ithaca, New York
Jerome Berg Director Office of Administration District Courts of Massachusetts Newton, Massachusetts
Einar Bohlin Director of Systems Michigan Supreme Court Lansing, Michigan
James C. Borra Attorney, CPA, Professor of Accounting Bowie, Maryland
W. Wayne Buckner State Court Administrator Missouri Supreme Court Jeff,erson City, Missouri
Howard 0. Child Assistant State Court Administrator Oregon Supreme Court Salem, Oregon
Francis K. Cholko Director of Court Services Los Angeles Superior Court Los Angeles, California
€1. Stuart Cunningham Clerk U.S. District Court Chicago, Illinois
Ronald H. Fremlin Director Organi z ational Development National College of the State Judiciary Reno, Nevada
Donald E. Fuller Director of Court Services Denver Juvenile Court Denver, Colorado
-Al- 169 Geoffrey S. Gallas Assistant Executive Director Educational Consultant Institute for Court Management Denver, Colorado
Lester Goodchild Court Administrator Criminal Court of the City of New York New York City, New York
Michael Hall Court Administrator Fourth Judici a1 Dis tri c t Portland, Oregon
Robert C. Harrall Deputy Court Administrator State of Rhode Island Providence, *ode Island
H. Paul Haynes Assistant Executive Officer District of Columbia Courts Washington, DC
Frank M. Hepler Marshall, U. S. Supreme Court Washington, DC
L.M. Jacobs IV Court Administrator Wayne County Circuit Court Detroit, Michigan
Thomas F. Lane Management Consultant Courts Specialist The Arthur Young Company Bowie, Maryland
Robert D. Lipscher Circuit Court Executive U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit New York, New York
Arnold M. Malech Executive Officer District of Columbia. Courts
-A 2 - 170 James R. Manspeaker Deputy Clerk U.S. District Court Denver, Colorado
John P. Mayer Court Administrator Oakland County Circuit Court Pontiac , Michigan
Dwayne L. Oglesby Professor of Business Law Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado
Jon D. Pevna Associate Director of Organi zational Development National College of the State Judiciary I Reno, Nevada
Samuel W. Phillips Circuit Court Executive U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit Richmond, Virginia
Charles B. Rodway, Jr. State Court Administrator Supreme Judicial Court Portland, Maine
Harvey Solomon Director of Court Studies Institute for Court Management Denver, Colorado
Maureen Solomon Coordinator of Civil Court Studies Institute for Court Management Denver, Colorado
H. Andrew Talley Court Administrator Superior Court of Delaware Wilmington, Delaware
James D. Thomas Director of Research Courts Project State of Georgia Atlanta, Georgia
-A3- 171 Austin Van Buskirk Court Administrator Jackson County Circuit Court Kansas City, Missouri
\
-A4- 172 XII, APPENDIX B
; BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES PRE-INTERN 1971 CLASS Bailey, Jr., Ernest L. - Born April 12, 1922, Married, seven children. U.S. Army 1942-1946. University of Pennsylvania, 1949-1950. Temple University, 1950-1951. U.S. Army Adjutant General's School, 1951. U.S. Army Engineer School, 1957. U.S. Army Infantry School, 1960. Grievance Examiner, 1966. Federal Manager's Role, 1967. Personnal Management for Executives, 1968. Federal Manager in Labor Negotiations, 1969. Labor Negotiations, 1969. U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 1970. University of Southern California, 1970. Executive Assistant, Department of the Army, 1950-1971. Principal civilian advisor in the areas of
personnel, fiscal administration, operations and management. Assistant ~ Executive Officer, District of Columbia Courts managing court operations in the areas of administration, personnel and civil court operations, 1971- present.
Bodley, John Maury - Born Memphis, Tennessee, August 15, 1924. Graduated . the Hill School, Pottstown, Pennsylvania, 1942. U.S. Military Academy, 1943-1945. Vanderbilt University, B.A., 1949; J.D., 1951. Law Clerk, Honorable John D. Martin, USCJ, Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, Memphis, Tennessee, and Cincinnati, Ohio, 1951-1952. Trial Attorney, Antitrust Division, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, D.C. and Los Angeles, California, 1952-1956. Special Assistant for Legal Counsel to Commission ers Libby and Vance, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D.C., 1956- 1959. Special Assistant to the President, Senior Administrator, and Con- tract Manager, Aerojet-General Corporation, Sacramento, California, 1971- Present. Married, three children. Member Tennessee Bar, Methodist Church, Beta Theta Pi, Phi Delta Phi, Reserve Officers' Association, Military Order of the World Wars. Lt. Col., USAF Director and Officer, Golden West Track and Field Association. Cassidy, Robert C. - Born Johnstown, Pennsylvania, October 31, 1924. U.S. Marine Corps, 1924-1946. B.A. (Magna Cum Laude), History, St. Vincent College, Latrobe, Pennsylvania, 1949. MBA, Syracuse University, New York, 1961. Management Intern and Management Analyst, U.S. Government (Dept. of Navy, Veterans Administration, Dept. of Army), 1950-1957. Comp- troller-European Region, U.S. Army Audit Agency, 1957-1960. Finance Offi- cer, Geological Survey, Dept. of Interior, 1961-1962. Senior nudget anal- yst, Dept. of State, 1962-1963. Executive Assistant to the Inspector Gen- eral, Dept. of Agriculture, 1963-1964. Associate Director for Administra-* tion, O5fice of Economic Opportunity, 1964-1971. Married, seven children,
-B1- 173 De Sio, Joseph E., - Born October :L1, 1916. U.S. Army, 1941-1945. Fordham University, A.B., 1938. Fordham Unkversity, J.D., 1947. New York University, LL.M., 1955. Federal Executive Institute, 1970. Teacher and Educational Administrator, Xaviier High School, New York City, 1938- 1955. Private Law practice, New York City, 1947-1955. Trial Attorney, National Labor Relations Board (NLIIB), 1955-1957. Supervisory Attorney and Director of Training, NLRB, 1957-1960. Assistant General Counsel, Chief, Time and Performance Branchy NLRB, 1960-1963. Deputy Associate General Counsel, Division of Operations, NLRB, 1963-Present. Married, four children. Member, New York State Bar and U.S. Supreme Court Bar. Member, Federal Bar Association.
Doyle, William A. "Pat" - Born St. Paul, Minnesota, January 10, 1924. Georgetown University, B.S., Foreign Service, 1951. George Washington University Graduate Work, Public Administration. Industrial College of the Armed Forces, 1962. DOD Computer Institute, 1968. Federal Executive Institute, 1969. U.S. Navy (aviation) active duty, 1943-1948. Navy Department, Washington, D.C., 1951-Present: Management Intern (1951); Organizations & Methods Examiner (1952-1955); Comptroller Assistant, Budget Officer and Plans Officer (1955-1962); Senior Analyst and Director, Management Division, Headquarters, Naval Material Command (1962-Present); Consultant - Director, Phi-lippine Navy Reorganization(l968). Married, five children. Who's Who in American Colleges & Universities (1951). Civil Service Commission Management Intern Interviewer. Federal Executive Institute Alumni Board of Directors. Goldstein, Joseph - Born July 7, 1930. Graduated Bronx High School of Science; Queens College, B.A.; New York University Law Center, LL.B. (J.D.) U.S. Army, legal Advisor to Procurement Officer, Ft. Detrick, Maryland, 1954-1956. Private practice of law, 1957-1963. Chief Law Assistant, Board of County Judges, Nassau County, New York, 1963-1971. Present - Chief Clerk of Nassau County Court, New York. Married, three children. Admitted to practice law, New York State and Federal Courts including the Supreme Court. Candidate, New York State Legislature. Director Bar Association, Nassau County, Chairman, Continuing Legal Education Committee. Participating member, Criminal Courts and Procedures Committee (one of the draftsmen of Criminal Indigent Plan). Lecturer criminal law, procedures and courts before professional and civic groups. New York State Bar Association Committees; Criminal Law, Criminal Indi- gents and Criminal Justice Section.
Ha-rtzell,. Robert H.- Born April 14, 1926. U.S. Navy, 1944-1946. Lock Haven State College (Pennsylvania), B.S., Education, 1949. .Attended . George Washington University and the Department of Agriculture Graduate School. United States Government Management Intern Program, 1955. U.S. Army, 1961-1962. Chief Property & Administrative Services Branch, Bureau of Public Roads, Department of Commerce, 1962-1964. Executive Director, Bide-A-Wee Home Association, New York City, 1965. Assistant Chief, Di- vision of Business Administration, Administrative Office of the United States Courts, Washington, D.C., 1966-Present. Married, two children.
-B2- 174 Higgins, James A.-Born March 7, 1943. University of Cincinnati, B.A., Economics, 1965 and J.D., 1969. Law Clerk to Judge John W. Peck, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, 1969-1971. Clerk, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit 1971-Present. Married, one child. Koenig, H.J. "Mark" - Born July 31, 1917. Adjutant General's Office, First U.S. Army, 1943-1945. Business Administration, La Salle Extension University; Records Administration, The American University; Archival Administration, University of Washington,; Instructor, Records Management, University of California, Berkeley. Management Analysis Officer, Chief Records Management Division, National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, Seattle, Washington, 1954-1960. Regional Director, National Archives and Records Service, GSA, Seattle, Washington, 1960-1961. Regional Director, National Archives and Records Servcie, GSA San Francisco California, 1962-1968. Deputy Assistant Archivist, Office of Records Man- agement, National Archives, Washington, D.C., 1969-1970. Assistant Ar- chivist, Office of Records Management, National Archives, Washington, D.C. 1970-Present. Married, two children. Named Civil Servant Man of the Year, Seattle, Washington, 1956. Awarded Meritorious Service Award & Medal by Administrator, General Services Administration, Washington, D.C., 1970. Lucas, Thomas V.-Born April 5, 1926. U.S. Navy, 1944-1946. Michigan State University, B.A., Public Administration (Magna Cum Laude), 1949. The American University, M.A., Public administration, 1958. Federal Executive Institute, 1970. Management Intern, U.S. Navy Department, 1949-1950. Organization & Methods Examiner, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, Washington, D.C., 1950-1953. Program Analyst & Supervisory Pro- duction Specialist, Headquarters, U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C., 1953- 1959. Chief, Management Analysis & Deputy Chief, Project Support Division, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics & Space Administration, Washington, D.C., 1963-Present. Married, four children. Luck, William E.- Born August 9, 1927. University of Richmond, B.A., 1948. The Georqe Washinqton University, J.D., 1955. Graduate Study - University of California; Attorney, U.S. Department of Jusitce, 1956- 1963. Chief, Field Inspection Branch, Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, 1963-1965. Clerk, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, 1966-Present. U.S. Coast Guard, 1945-1946. U.S. Army, 1951-1953.
McDuff, Wilbur S. - Born August 7, 1921. Auburn University, Mechanical Engineering, 1939-1942. University of Miami, J.D., 1950, Private prac- I tice of law, Miami, Florida, 1950-1953. Librarian and Director of Re- search for Circuit Courts, Dade County, Florida, 1952-1965. Assistant Attorney General, Florida (Chief of Opinions Division), 1965-1966. Director of Law Libraries and Director of Research for Circuit Courts, Dade County, 1966-Present. Assistant Attorney General, Florida (Legis- lative Bill Drafting), 1967 Legislative Session, Florida Legislature. Married, three children. Member of Florida Bar. Co-author Bender Forms of Florida Pleading, 12 Volumes.
-B3- 17 5 Moore, Donald E. - Born New Castle, Pennsylvania, July 1, 1922. Univer- 1 sity of Pittsburgh, B.S., Mechanical Engineering, 1948. San Diego State ' College, Business Management, 1957-11959. California Western University, . M.S., Business Administration, 1963. Federal Executive Institute, 1969. Engineering Manager and Production Superintendent, ADSCO, Tonawanda, New !, York, 1949-1953. Assistant Chief Development Engineer, Dunlop Tire and Rubber Company, Buffalo, New York, 1954-1956. Research and Development Engineer, Convair-Astronautice, San Diego, California, 1956-1958. Staff Engineer, 1958-1962, and Division Chief, 1962-1965, Air Force Procurement Plant Representative Office, San Diego, California. Contract Management, ' Director of Quality Control, United States Air Force, Los Angeles, Cali- fornia, 1965-Present. Numerous assignments as consultant or chairman of comprehensive management studies of complex aerospace corporations and Department of Defense organizations, 1962 to date. Married, three child- ren. Reisch, Benjamin W.-Born April 8, 1933. Educated Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. . United States Navy, 1951-1957. Employee Relations, United States Post Office, Washington, D.C., 1957-1962. Assistant Chief, Division of Per- sonnel, Administrative Office, United States Courts, 1962-1969. Present, Clerk of Court, United States Di.strict Court, Eastern District of Louisi- ana. Married, two children. Recipient, Federal Paperwork Management Award, 1969. Member, Federal Court Clerk's Association.
Rosenberg, George K.-Born February 22, 1911. College of City of New York, B.S., 1933. St. Lawrence University, LL.B., 1936 (Cum Laude); J.D., 1967 (Cum Laude). Private law practice 1936-1940. Immigration & Naturalization Service, Department of Justice, 1941-present. Naturali- zation Examiner, 1941-1948; Special Inspector, 1942-1946; Examiner, 1946- 1948; Office of Adjudications Review, 1948-1952; Operations Advisor, 1952- 1954; Deputy District Director, 1955-1957; Assistant Regional Commissioneri 1957-1959; District Director, 1959-present. U.S. Army, 1943-1946. Married, two children. Admitted New York Bar and Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit. - Awarded Fellowship in Public Administration by 5th U.S. Civil Service District, 1946. Drafted immigration regulations implementing 1952 and 1965 immigration statutes.
Sobie, Merril - Born May 22, 1939. Brooklyn College, B.A., 1961 (Political Science Honors); New York University School of Law, J.D., 1964 (Samuel Rubin Scholarship), LL.M. Program in Criminal Justice. Teaching Associate, Indiana University School of Law, 1964-1965. Attorney, Section of Legal Interpretations, United States Securities & Exchange Commission, 1965-1966. Assistant to the Director of Administration of the Courts, First Judicial Department, New York, 1966-1971. Chairman, Nayor's Task Force on Criminal Justice Automation, City of New York, 1969-1970. Executive Officer, Fam- ily Court of the State of New York, City of New York, 1971-present. Mar- ried, one child.
-B4- 176 Suozzi, Joseph A.-Born August 22, 1921. Fordham University, B.S., Education, 1943. Harvard University Law School, J.D., 1948. National College of State Trial Judges, 1968; faculty advisor, 1970. City Court Judge of Glen Cove, New York, Court of Limited Driminal and Civil Juris- diction, 1950-1955. Mayor of the City of Glen Cove and Supervisor of the County of Nassau, New York, concurrently, 1956-1959. Member of New York State Air Pollution Control Board, 1958-1959. Justice of Supreme Court of New York State (Trial Court of General Jurisdiction), 1960- present. Term ends December 31, 1974. Chairman of Appellate Division, Second Department (New York) Committee to Investigate Feasibility of Computer-Assisted, Conflict-Free Calendaring System. Chairman of Nassau County Committee to Implement a Computer-Assisted Information System within Nassau County Courts as a pilot project for possible extension on a state-wide basis.
Taylor, Robert H.-Born May 16, 1926. U.S. Navy, 1944-1946. Wichita State University, B.A., Political Science, 1950. Attended Memphis State University Law School, 1963-1964. Federal Executive Institute, 1968. Treasury Law Enforcement and Secret Service Training Academies. U.S. Secret Service, 1950-present. Present-Special Agent in Charge of Presi- dential Pr3tective Division, Washington, D.C. Married, two children. Treasury Department Exceptional Civilian and Meritorious Service Awards. Tucker, Robert C.-Born St. Louis, Missouri, September 29, 1920. St. Louis University, B.S., 1941; Washington University (St. Louis) LL.B., 1946. Claims Adjudicator, Veterans' Administration, 1946-1948. Private practice, 1948-1953. Assistant U.S. Attorney, Eastern Diqtrict of Missouri, 1953-1958. Clerk, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, 1958 to date. Married, four children. Ueberhorst, James B.-Born February 16, 1929. U.S. Army 1952-1955. The University of Michigan, A.B., Political Science, 1949. The University of Michigan Law School, J.D., 1952. Army Language School, Certificate in Russian Language, 1953. Columbia University, Masters of International Affairs, 1955. The University of Michigan Law School, LL.M., 1956. Practice of law, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1955-1958. Foreign Policy Analyst, Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, D.C., 1958-1960. Attorney advisor, CIA, 1960-1964. Assistant General Counsel, CIA, 1964-present. Member of the Michigan State and U.S. Supreme Court Bars. Founder of the University of Michigan Gilbert and Sullivan Society. Founder of the American Light Opera Company, Washington, D.C. Married, four children and three step-children. Whitehurst, Jr., William H.-Born Portsmouth, Virginia, September 2, 1925. U.S. Army, 1943-1946. Graduated St. Paul's High School, Lawrenceville, Virginia, 1942; West Virginia State College, A.B., Psychology, 1948. The American University, M.A., Psychology, 1955. Further graduate work, The American University and Howard University. Executive Aide, Headquarters
-B5- 177 U.S. Air Force, 1950-1954. Counsel.or-Psychologist, Children's Center, District of Columbia Department of Public Welfare, 1954-1957. Senior Clinical Psychologist, Baltimore, Maryland, Public School$, 1958-1959. Clinical Psychologist and Supervishg Director, Child Study Division, District of Columbia Public Schools;, 1959-1966. Education Specialist, U.S. Office of Education, Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1966-1967. Program Planner for Mental Health, Department of Public Health, District of Columbia, 1967-1969. Deputy Director, Area B Community Mental Health Center, District of Columbia, 1969-1970. Executive Assistant to Associate Director, Department of Human Resources, District of Columbia Government, 1970-present. Consultant, Project Head Start, 1965-present. Consultant, Project Follow Through, 1968-present. Married, five children.
Wilcox, Wilbur D.-Born Elgin, Kansas, December 13, 1921. Graduated Gladewater, Texas High School, 1938. Long Beach, California State College, B.A., Business Administration, 1961. U.S. Marine Corps Command and Staff School, 1960. Flight Instructor, Army Air Corps, 1941-1942. Career Marine Corps Officer, 1943-1971. Retiring in rank of Colonel. Commanded Marine Attack Squadron, 1956; Marine Reserve Fighter Group, 1966-1968; Marine Jet Fighter/Attack Training Group, 1969. Served as Chief of Staff and Assistant Wing Commander, 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing, 1970-1971. Served . in various staff billets, principally as Personnel Officer and Logistics Officer at Wing and Division Levels. Married, two children. Medals include air medals, Distinguished Flying Cross, Legion of Merit.
-B6- 178 XIII. ; Blacklock, Wayne L. - Born August 4, 1940. Single Education: Pasadena College, Pasadena, California B.A. English and Education, 1962. M.A., 1966 in counseling with a Pupil Personnel Credential- Specialization in Counseling and Guidance Graduate work, California State College at Los Angeles, UCLA Extension Training Program for Group Facilitators - 500 hours of group leadership training. Experience: Alharnbra High School District, English and History teacher, teacher counselor for Federally funded drop-out program, counselor, basketball coach, football coach, tennis coach. President of the Associated Men Students, Pasadena State College Associated Student Council Member. Chairman and member of the Board of the Education Associates of Pasadena College Alumni Association Chairman and member of council of San Gabriel High School Faculty Committee. Chairman and committeeman of Los Angeles District Church of the Nazarene Laymen's Retreat Committee Board of Directors of Alhambra Teacher's Association. Church Board Member. Sunday School Superintendent.
Bonner, Robert A. - Born Manchester, New Hampshire, October 13, 1942. Married, two children.
Education: B.A., 1964, St. Anselm's College, Manchester, N.W. Temple University of Law, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, J.D., 1967. Master's Degree, Judicial Administration in progress, American University, Washington, D.C.
Experience: Law Clerk, Cosgrove ti Morris, attorneys, Philadelphia, Pa., 1966 - 1967 Special Agent, FBI, Washington, D.C., 1967 - 1971. Present - Courts Division, Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, Dept. of Justice, Washington, D.C. Burghardt, Raymond F. - Born Glen Ridge, New Jersey, November 15, 1938. Married, one child, Member of the New Jersey, Virginia, District of Columbia Bar Association.
Education: B.A., 1960, Kenyon College. LL.B., 1963, George Washington University Law School. Graduated Henry B. Whitehorne High School, Verns, N.J., 1956.
- Cl- 179 Experience:- Special Justice (Justice of the Peace), Arlington, Virginia, 1962-1963. Assistant Commonwealth Attorney, Arlington, Virginia, 1963-1965. Attorney-Examiner, United States District Courts and United States Department of Justice, including the United States Attorneys' Offices and United States Marshals' Offices, Headquarters, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, D.C.r 1965 1969. Chief Clerk (Deputy in Charge), United States District Court, Newark, New Jersey, 1969-1971. Attorney Advisor, Courts Program Division, Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, United States Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., 1971-present.
-Christean, Arthur G.-Born Salt Lake City, Utah, March 31, 1935. Married, two children. Member, Salt Lake County and Utah State Bar Associations, American Judicature Society, American Society for Public Administration, Phi Kappa Phi and LDA (Mormon) Church. Education: B.A., History, 1959, University of Utah, and MSW, 1968.
Experience: Judge Advocate General's Department, United States Air Force, (active military service), 1961-1963. Regional Real Estate Representative (attorney), Americail Oil Company, Salt Lake City Region, 1964-1966. Graduate Student, 1366-1968. Clinical Instructor in Social Work, 1968-1971. Administrator, Interstate Compact on Juveniles for Utah, 1968-present.
Connor, Robert F.-Born Sharon, Pennsylvania, April- 25, 1937. Married, three children.
Education: BSBA, 1960, University of Missouri, Personnel and Industrial Management.
Experience: Missouri State Government, 1960-present: Financial Planning and Management, State Budget Office, including systems analysis and computer programming (1960-1965) . First Director of State Records Management and Archives Program encom- passing development of the informational management system, archival and research facility, and complete central microfilming for all state government (1965-present).
Conti, Samuel D.-Born Paterson, New Jersey, January 9, 1943. Married, two children. Member, Passaic County, New Jersey, and American Bar Associations; American Judicature Society; American Political Science Association.
-c2- 180 . Education: Graduated St. Mary High School, Paterson, N.J., 1960. B.A., 1964, Seton Hall University, South Orange, N.J., J.D., 1970, continuing on M.A. Experience: Passaic County, New Jersey Probation Department, Probation Officer, 1968-1968. Senior Probation Officer, 1968-1969. Assistant to Assignment Judge John F. Crane, New Jersey Superior Court, Passaic County, 1969-1971. Administrative Assistant to Assignment Judge Samuel A. Larner, New Jersey Superior Court, Hudson County. Temporarily assigned to Passaic County - present. Coughenour, Larry D.-Born Hooversville, Pennsylvania, September 2, 1937. Married, two children. Education: Graduated Shade Township High School, 1955. Graduated IBM Program & Wiring School, 1961. Attended Duquesne University, 1962-1963, Accounting.
Experience: Head Technician, Data Processing Department, Jones & >LaughlinSteel Corp., Pittsburgh, Penn., 1958-1961. Assistant Head Expediter, Jones & Laughlin, 1962-1964. Fidelity & Bond Supervisor, Hartford Insurance Group, Albuquerque, N.M., 1965-1968. New Mexico State Claims Manager, Northwestern National Insurance Group, Albuquerque, N.M., 1968-1971. Licensed, bonded, Private Investigator, State of New Mexico, 1969-present. Special Investigator, 2nd Judicial District Court in Albuquerque on matters pertaining to unique insurance problems, 1970-1971. County Jury Commissioner, Albuquerque, N.M., 1970-present. Dunlap, James C.-Born December 21, 1932, Married, two children. Admitted to State Bar of Texas. Member, American Bar Association, Catholic Church, Sigma Iota Epsilon, Phi Alpha Delta, and Who's Who in American Education, 1967-1968. Education: B.S., Commerce, 1955, Southwest Missouri State College. MBA, Management, 1957, Southern Methodist University. Experience: The University of Texas Law School, 1963-1966. Office Management and Sales, PenEand Distributors, Inc., 1957-1960. Instructor in Business, Donnelly College, Kansas City, Kansas, 1950-1962. Instructor in Management, Notre Dame University, 1962-1963. Teaching Assistant, The University of Texas, 1963-1964. Central Texas Representative, Commerce Clearing House, Inc., 1964-1966. Chairman, Division of Business Administration, St. Edqards University, Austin', Texas, 1966-1970. Associate Professor of Management, St. Edwards University, 1970-1971. Practiced law, Austin, Texas, 1969-1971, Part-Time Management Consultant, 1965-1970. Gaffigan, Patrick J.-Born Springfield, Illinois, May 8, 1928. Married, four children. Education: Graduated Cathedral Boys High School, 1946. Springfield (Ill.) Junior College with A.A. (pre-legal curriculum), degree, 1950. Bachelor of Philosophy in Political Science, Magna Cum Laude, University- of Detroit, 1957. Awarded Graduate Assistantship to Wayne State University with Masters in Public Administration, 1959. Experience: Clerk-Typist, FBI, 1947-1950. Purchasing Expediter, Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Co., Springfield, Ill., 1951-1953. U.S. Army, Artillery Fire Direction Control, 1953-1955. Social Investigator, Wayne County Welfare Dept., Detroit, 1958-1960. Assistant City Manager, Oak Park, Michigan, 1960-1963. First Town Administrator, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 1963-1964. Director, Management Information Service, International 'City Management Association, Washinston, D.C.. 1967-1968. Chief Management Assistance Unit, Department ofCCommunity Affairs, State of New Jersey, 1968-1971. Superior Court Administrator, Burlington and Ocean Counties, Department of the Judiciary, State of New Jersey, 1971-present. Garza, Jr., Julian S. - Born McAllen, Texas, April 9, 1939. Married, two children. Education: B.S., 1967, University of Utah, Electrical Engineering. Experience: Engineer in Charge of the Electronic Group for Marathon Oil Company, Denver Research Center, 1967-1969. Patent Law Clerk for Marathon Oil Company, Denver Patent Counsel Group, 1970-1971. President of the Student Bar Association, Denver University College of Law, 1970-1971. Member Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers. Past member of American Association for the Advancement of Science. Student member of American Bar Association and Colorado Trial Lawyers Association. - Geiger, Maurice D.-Born White Cloud, Michigan, August 20, 1934. Married, four chi-ldEen. Education: B.S., 1956, Michigan State University, Police Administration. J.D., Georgetown University School of Law, 1963. Experience: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Prisons, 1958-1959. U.S, Department of Devense, 1959-1964. U.S. Department of Justice, Deputy Attorney's Office, 1965-1969. Federal Judicial Center, Director of Innovation and Systems Development, 1969-1970. President of Judicia'l Management Associates (private counseling company) , 1970-present.
-c4- 182 Gullett, James L.-Born Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, December 16, 1930. Married, three children. Education: Oklahoma City University Law School, LL.B., 1961. Graduated Central High School, Oklahoma City, 1948. Experience: Computer Operator, Oklahoma Tax Commission, 1957-1961. Practiced law in Oklahoma City, 1961-1971. Legal Counsel for Mental Health Board, 1964-1969. United States Commissioner, Federal Court, 1965-1971. Member, Oklahoma County & Oklahoma State Bar Associations, American Judiciary Society, National Association of United States Commissioners, National Council of Federal Magistrates, Sheriff and Peace Officers Association of Oklahoma. Phi Delta Legal Fraternity, Oklahoma City University Alumni Association. Present: Assistant Oklahoma Attorney General, 1971 to present. Haynes, Peter-Born March 23, 1939. Married, two children. Education: B.S., 1961, with honors, University of Southhampton (England) MA 1962, University of Toronto PhD 1964, University of Toronto, Physical Science (chemistry) UC Berkeley, courses in Management Certificate Program, 1968-1970. Experience: Yale University Research Faculty, 1964-1966. Employed by Shell Oil Company, Emeryville, California, 1966-1970 in a variety of capacities. Research Associate for Institute for Court Management (University of Denver Law School) Wayne County Circuit Court, Detroit, Michigan, 1970-1971. Present: Director of Judicial Administration, University of Southern California at Los Angeles. Heaney, Charles J.-Born February 20, 1916. Married, one child. Education: B.S. 1939, Manhattan College, Education, J.D. 1948, St. John's University, 1, LL.M., 1963, Cum Laude, Brooklyn Law School. Experience: Private Law Practice, 1951-1955. Assistant Special Deputy-- Clerk, Law Department,- Supreme- Court, Queens County, New York, 1961-1964. Assistant Director of Administration of the Courts, Second Judicial Department, 1966-1970. ,, Administrative Clerk, Supreme Court, Appellate Term (2nd, llth, 9th & 10th judicial districts). Present: Second Judicial Department, 1970-date.
-c5- 183 Hopkins, Carl E.-Born Houston, Texas, September 22, 1933. Married. Education: BA 1954, Texas Southern University, Sociology MA, 1956, Texas Southern University, Sociology MPA 1968, Golden Gate College. Experience: U.S. Army, 1955-1957. Social Worker, Alameda County Welfare Department, Oakland, California 1957-1959. Deputy Probation Officer, Senior Deputy Probation Officer, and Probation Unit Intake Supervisor, Contra Costa County Probation Department, California, 1959-1969. Assistant Director of Human Relations and Social Services, San Francisco Housing Authority, 1969. Probation Unit Supervisor, Contra Costa County Probation Department, 1969-1970. Delinquency Prevention-Coordinator,Contra Costa County Probation Department, 1970-present. .i Experience in staff supervision and development, inter-intra-agency coordination, consultation, project development, grant application, development, program evaluatian, media relations. Member American Society for Public Administration, National' Council - on Crime and Delinquency, California Probation, Parole, and Correctional Officer's Association. Director, Volunteer Bureau of Contra Costa County. Kritzman, Edyard M.-Born Chicago, Illinois, November 2, 1936. Married, three children. Education: Graduated Fairfax High School, Los Angeles, 1954.- Attended Los Angeles City College, 1954-1957 Los Angeles State College, 1957-1959, Major History and Education JD, 1970, Southwestern School of Law. - Experience: Deputy Sheriff, County of Los Angeles, 1958-1960. Superior Court Clerk, Department of the County Clerk, Los Angeles County, 1960-1965. Chief, District Office, Department of County Clerk, Los Angeles, 1965-1930. Member, Los Angeles County Management Sub-Council, Los Angeles County Justice Data Center Users Committee, Judicial Process Task Force, Sub? region 10, California Council Criminal Justice,-CriminalSub-committee Regional Justice Information System, & National Association of Trial Court-Administrators. Present: Assistant Chief Deputy County Clerk, Los Angeles County, 1970
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184 , i
Langner, J. Earl-Born Birmingham, Alabama, October 2, 1929. Married, four children. Education: Graduated Woodlawn High School 1948. B.A., 1952, University of Alabama LL.B., 1954, University of Alabama. Experience: Formerly Magistrate Supervisor, Alaska Court System and Administrative Staff Member of the Alaska Supreme Court Judge of Municipal Court, Birmingham, Alabama Assistant Staff Judge Advocate, Headquarters Air Material Command, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio Admitted to the Bar of Alabama in 1954. Member of Alabama Bar Association, American Bar Association, American Judicature Society. Past President, Alabama Municipal Judges Association. Member of Faculty, Birmingham School of Law. Participant in Judicial Conference, Denver, Colorado, 1966. Winner of North American Judges Association National Award for outstanding techniques in juvenile cases. National Council on Alcoholism. Lawton, R. Hanson-Born Fort Madison, Iowa, November 5, 1941. Single. Education: Graduated Fort Madison High School, 1959 BA 1963, University of Iowa JD 1966, University of Iowa Experience: International Finance Counsel for Cessna Aircraft Company, 1966-1967. Law Clerk to Justice William C. Stuart, Iowa Supreme Court, 1967-1969. Practiced law in Chariton, Iowa, 1969-1970. Member Polk County, Iowa State and American Bar Associations, Beta Theta Pi and Phi Delta Phi.
Present: Iowa Supreme Court Reporter, 1970-date. 1 Lopez, Peter S.-Born Avondale, Arizona, September 28, 1931. Married, seven children. Education: Undergraduate studies: Phoenix College, Grand Canyon College Arizona State University, Major Education. Graduate Studies: Arizona State University, Portland State College, Ore. Azusa Pacific College. Major: Adult Education. 1 Experience: U.S. Navy, 1951-1954. 1954-present, Assistant Postmaster, Litchfield Part, Arizona; Public School Education, Avondale Arizona; Assistant Director, Manpower Development and Training Project, Phoenix Arizona; Field Coordinator, State Technical Assistance, Office of the Governor, Arizona; Program Coordinator, University of California at Los Angeles; Community Development Specialist, University of Missouri; Educa- tion and Training Consultant, Kansas City, Missouri.
-c7- 185 Madsen, Steven-Born Green Bay, Wisconsin, May 6, 1947. Married, two children. Education: Graduated Abbott Penni.ngs High School, 1965 BS, 1969, Wisconsin State University (Cum Laude), Political Science MA, 1970, Case Western University, political Science. Experience: Internship Mayor's Office, City of Cleveland, 1970. Administrative Assistant, Department of Public Safety, City of Cleveland, in charge of Police Computer Applications, Police Communication Systems and LEAA grants, 1970. Member of staff of the Institute for Court Management, 1970-1971. Assistant Director, Court Management Project of Cleveland Bar Association, 1971-present. McKeever, Robert W.-Born October 31, 1932. Married, three children. . Education: AB, 1954, Dartmouth College, Business Administration MBA, 1955, Amos Tucker School of Business Administration LL.B., 1959, New York Law School. Experience: Chief, Review and Analysis Branch, Comptroller's Office Ordnance Guided Missile School, Huntsville, Alabama, 1955-1957. Assistant District Attorney, New York County, New York, 1960-1965. Assistant Counsel New York State Commission of INvestigation, 1965-1967. Partner - McKeever and McKeever, Post Chester, New York, 1967-present. Member Westchester- County, New York State, American Bar Association. Murray, Philip X.-Born Cambridge, Massachusetts, November 28, 1941. Married, one child. Education: AB, 1965, Georgetown University, government JD, 1972, Georgetown Law Center. Experience: Research Analyst, Federal Judicial Center, 1969 to present, conducting research and field studies including work on the Experimental Criminal Court Management System, study of the variables and parameters affecting civil case flow, and research for the organizational study of the governance of the Judicial System. Completed four years active duty with the Assistant Chief of Naval Personnel receiving and reviewing cases recommending administrative separation as well as devising and formulating policy for education of naval personnel in the area of drug abuse. Nedilsky, Sofron B.-Born' August 14, 1939. Married, two children Education: Graduated Concord Senior HIgh School, Concord, New Hampshire. BA 1962, Ohio Northern University JD 1965, Ohio Northern University Experience: Admitted to practice in Illinois. Associate in general practice law office, Chicago, 1965-1968. Assistant Corporation Counsel, Prosecutor, Chicago, Illinois, 1968. Assistant Director, Traffic Court Program, American Bar Association, Chicago, Illinois, 1968-1970. Assis- tant Director, Division of Public Service Activities, American Bar Assoc- iation, 1970-present.
-C 8 - 186 A
Paul, John F.-Born September 13, 1934. Married, four children. Education: MA, University of California, Public Administration. BA, Los Angeles State College, Sociology Experience: State of California, Management Development Institute. Eleven years of diversified and increasingly responsible management experience in public agencies. Senior Group Supervisor and Parole Agent, California Youth Authority, 1960-1966. Supervisor of Reception and Intake, California State Service Center Program, 1966-1967. Assistant Manager, State Service Center Program 1967-1968. Manager, ! Department of Human Resources Development, California, 1968 to present. Member Urban League and American Society for Public Administration. Pettigrew, Ellis D.-Born February 18, 1942. Married, three children. Education: Graduated Miami, Arizona High School, 1960. BS, 1970, Northern Arizona University, Police Administration MPA, 1971, Brigham Young University. I Experience: U.S. Army Military Police Corps, 1964-1966. Police patrol officer, Flagstaff, Arizona, 1967-1970. Part-time instructor of Criminal Justice Studies, Brigham Young University, Academic year 1970-1971. Scholastic and professional affiliations include: Alpha Phi Sigma (Natio- nal Police Science Scholastic Honor Society): American Society for Public Administration: American Academy of Political and Social Sciences. Publications: Law enforcement study guide entitled, Evidence for the Law Enforcement Officer, July 1971, BYU Division of Home Study Courses. Ar- ticle entitled, "Court Administration Reform and Police Operational Effectiveness--A Critical Analysis", Police, publication date Nov/Dec. 1971. Sinsky, Philip A. Born Washington, D.C., April 27, 1942. Single. Education: Graduated Bethesda Chevy Chase High School, 1960. BA 1964, University of Wisconsin MPA 1971, The Maxwell Graduate School, Syracuse, N.Y. Experience: Oceanographer, U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office, 1964-1970. Graduate Assistant, Midcareer Executive Development Program, The Maxwell Graduate School, 1970-1971. High School Teacher, Syracuse Public Schools, 1971. Member ASPA. Stevenson, Frank E.-Born New York City, April 17, 1932. Married, one child. Education: Attended Lincoln University (Penna.) 1950-1952. Experience: Served in U.S. Army (infantry) in Korea 1952-1954. Clerk, Planning and Research Division, Department of Personnel, New York 1 City, 1954-1958. Court Officer, New York City Criminal Court and New York Supreme Court, 1958-1963. Court Clerk, New York State Supreme Court, First Department, 1964 to present.
-c9-
187 ! Teasly, Donald R.-Born Monrovia, Clalifornia, April 18, 1943. Single. Education: BA 1965, Pasadena Coli-ege. Experience: Administrative Intern, City Government of Pasadena, 1964- 1965 (work study program). Administrative Assistant for systems analy- sis and special projects to Board of Public Works, Special Services Division, City of Los Angeles, 1965-1966. Executive Director, Circle K International, Chicago, 1967-1970. Executive Assistant for political and civic affairs to Harold M. McClure, Jr., President, McClure Oil Company, Alma, Michigan, 1970. Executive Director, Republican State Finance Committee of Michigan, January through June, 1971. Active in International Christian Leadership. "Who's Who in American Colleges and Universities" both junior and senior years. Thompson, Jack E.-Born Arkadelphia, Arkansas, December, 1940. Married, one child. Education: Graduated Arkadelphia High School, 1958. BS, 1962, Bethany Nazarene College, M.Ed., 1965, University of Oklahoma, GEneral Administration; Doctoral Studies, University of Oklahoma, 1968- 1970. Experience: Teacher, Oklahoma City Public Schools, 1962-1966. Assistant Principal, Oklahoma City Public Schools, 1966-1969. Principal, Human Relations Consultant, Oklahoma Public Schools, 1969-1971.- Phi Delta Kappa. Vagner,. Charles W.-Born Benton, Illinois, February 5, 1934. Married,
two children. .. Education: BA 1956, Southern Illinois University, Political Science MA, 1958, Southern Illinois University, Political Science. Experience: U.S. Army, 1958-1960. United States District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Chicago, 1961-present. Positions held--Supervisor, Docketing Department and Administrative Assistant to the Clerk. Presently, Chief Deputy Clerk. Wagner, Jack L. -Born November 12, 1943. Married,. two children. Education: BS 1967 (dena's list), University of Richmond Business School Business Administration. Regional Training Center, Mobil Oil Corporation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1967-1969. Price Analyst - Pricing and Pro- gram Financial Management of the Financial Division, National Cash Register Company, Dayton, Ohio, 1970-1971. Advisor, Junior Achievement Program, Dayton, Ohio. Alpha Kappa Psi, Sigma Psi Epsilon Fraternity.
-c10-
188 White, Jean M.-Born Des Moines, Iowa, April 16, 1945.. Married. Education: Graduated Lower Merion High School, Ardmore, Pennsylvania, 1963. BA 1967 (summa cum laude), Muskingum College, Sociology and English. MA 1969, Univeristy of Pennsylvania, City Planning. Experience: Planning intern for Lower Merion Township, June through December, 1968. Consultant to Citizen's Crime Commission of Philadel- phia, March 1969. Assistant Director of the Philadelphia Regional Planning Council, Pennsylvania Governor's Justice Cornmission, May 1969 through January 1970. Research Associate, Governor's Justice Commission, February 1970. Director, Innovative Programs and Projects for Common Pleas Court of Philadelphia, March 1970 to present. White, Paul E.-Born Carrollton, Missouri, February 27, 1930. Married, three children. Education: Graduated Central Missouri State College, AB, 1952; University of Missouri, LL.B., 1957, Experience: Military Service, 1952-1954. Practice of law, 1958-1961. Casualty Claims work, 1962-1966. Chief Deputy Clerk of District Court of Douglas County, Nebraska, 1967-1968. Court Administrator, District Court of Douglas County, Nebraska, 1969-present. National Association of Trial Court Administrators, American Records Management Association. Woods, John E.-Born Atlanta Georgia, February 14, 1927. Married, one child. Education: BA 1969, Regis College, Denver, Colorado, Business Admin. Experience: U.S. Air Force, Personnel Officer, 1947-1959; Missile Operations Officer, 1959-1961. Employment Officer, Colorado Department of Employment, 1961-1964. Management Analyst, Colorado Department of Employment, 1967. Occupational Analyst, Colorado Department of Employ- ment, 1964-1967. Chief of Personnel and Management Analysis, Colorado Judicial Department, 1968-1970. Associate Personnel Technician, Colorado Civil Service Commission, 1970-1971. Member Colorado Association of Public Employees, American Society of Public Administration, American Management Association, and Public Personnel Association.
-c11- 189 XIV APPENDIX D
PROFILE OF ICM FELLOWS AND ASSOCIATES
INSTITUTE FOR COURT PIATJAGC!WNT B IOGRAP €1 I C AL SKE T C HE S
1972 Class
BEAUDIN, BRUCE D., born September, 28, 1939, age 32, Married, 2 children, currently resides in Rockville, Maryland.
Education: Holy Cross Seminary, A.A., English, 1959 Fairfield University, A.B., Enylish, 1961 Georgetown University Law Center, J.D., 1964
-Experience: 1964-1968, Investigator--Staff Attorney, Deputy Dircctor and Acting Director, Legal Aid Agency for the District of Columbia 1968-prcsent, Director, District of Colunbia, Bai.1 Agency 1970 and 1971, Lecturer, Georgetown University Law Center
Plember of Virginia and District of Columbia Bar Associations.
BECKCR, HEXKY-- J., born May 2, 1928, age 43, P'larried, 2 children, currently resides in San Anselrno, California.
Education: San Francisco State College, A.A., Pre-Law San Jose State College, A.B., Psychology & Busincss Administration San Jose State College, completed all course work leading to M.A. .- Experience: 1960-1963, Supervfsing Consultant to William B. Logan b Associates 1963-1966, Self employed in professional management company 1966-1967, Business Manager, Sunny Hills Presently Administrator of First Unitarian Church.
BIATJCHI, CAW F., born llarch 13, 1943, .age 29, Married, currently resides in Princeton, New Jerscy
Education: Hamilton College, New York, B.A., Philosophy, 1965 Duke Law Scliool, Durham, North Carolina, J.D., 1968 Experience: 1968-1969, VISTA Lawyers Program, Baltimore Law Rcform Unit 1969-1970, Staff Attorney, State Offico of Legal Services Presently, Dj-rector, State Office of Legal Scrvicc:; , Ncw Jerscy
D-1 19 0 --. --. BOIPI, I'.IILLIr?~-lG., born May 17, 1931, age 40, r~larricrl, 2 children, currently resides i.n St. Charles, I1 linois. Ed- uc ati on : University of Pennsylvania I.\lharton School, E. S. , Economics,
IJJ J Northwestern University, 1.I.B.A.
Experience: 1962-1965, Nanager, Administrative Services, Caxter Laboratories Morton Grove, Illinois 1.965-1969, Director of Finance, City of St. C!iarles, Illinois 19G9-presentI Chief Fiscal Of ficer, Law Enforccment Cornnnission.
CALISTA, JOSCPII Q., born January 25, 1924, age 42, Var-ried, 1 child, currently resides in Riverside, Xiode Island.
Education: Attended St. Bernadine of Sicna, Sto:iehill College and Goston Ccrllcqe Suffolk University School of Law, L.IJ.13., 1956
------Experiencie : 1357-present, First Deputy Clerk and Assiqnment Clerk, Superior Court , counties of Providcnce arid Briskol , Providence, lihode Is land.
COOLEPllC:;I, C0TL'i''J'E A. , born October 15, 1943 , age 33, sinyle, currentiy resides in Wayne, tlew Jersey.
-Education : Pembroke College, Brown Univcrsity, A.B. , History, 1965 Rutqers University School of Law, J.D., 1968
~-----__Experience:: 1961-3-1.969, Law Secretary, New Jersey Superior Court January-September, 1970, DeFiity Attorney - General, Of ficc of the Attorney General for the State of Ncw Jersey 1970-present , Court Administrator, Bergen County Superior Cour'i, Hackensack, New Jersey Member of American, blew Jersey and Berqeii County Bar Associations.
CREAFVI?, JOIIN A. , born January 30 , 1933, age 39 , 7?arried, 2 children, currently resides in San Pedro, Califoirnia.
Education : llos AngFi-es City Coli-egc, A.A. , 1356 Pepperdine Collcgc, U.A., 1958 Additional. studies at University of Southern California mcl Sout-h Bay Univc>i-:;ity Schuol oi I,aw
D-2 191 Expericncc: 1959-1961, Deputy Prohaticn Officer, Los hgcles County Probation Department 1962-1365, Assistant Supervising Traffic Heariny Officer, Los Angeles County Juvenile Court 1965-prescntf Senior Traffic Hearing Officer, Los Angcles Juvenile Court Traffic Division Member of California Probation and Parole Association and Correctional Services Associates.
DPW, HUGH P?. , JR., born December 20, 1938, age 33, Married, 5 children, currently resides in Navato, California.
Education: Swarthrnore College, B.A. , Econonics, 1960 Stanford Graduate School of Business, M.B.A., 1962
Experience: - 1964-1965, Intern in Public Affairs, COR0 Foundation, Los Angeles, California 1965-1967, Administrative Assistant, City of Czrkeley 1967-present Director of Administrative Services, rlarirl County, Calj-fornia, Probation Department.
--F:~IELSI~~;.~?J, -- CI'F t?LES_I D. , born October 2, 3 933, alfc 33, Karricd 2 chilolr~\n.
Education: University of Florida, B.S. 1960 University of Florida, J.D., 1963.
Experience: 1963-1964, Research aide to Chief Judge of the District Court of Appeals of Florida 1965-1970, State Attorney's Office, Niami, Florida 1970-1971, Assistant State Attorney, Law Enforcement Planning Council, Tallahassee, Florida, Project Director for Com- puterized Court Disposition Reporting System 1970-present Miami-Dadc Junior College, Fiarni, Florida, Assistant Professor teaching Criminal Law, Criminology, Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs. Involved in l'rivate law practice
1971-prcsent, Flember Florida & TJew Jersey Bar, American Judicature. Society, Assi staiit to Chairman of Judicial Administration Committee of tlle Florida Bar, Consultant to Governor's Council on Criminal Justicc and to Criminal Justice Coordinating Couiicil of tlrc: Crczter P1ian:i Coalition
19 71-prcsent, Project Dircctor Law Studciit Interns Projcct e
D-3 19 2 FRIT.:DI4AR, S., born June 9, 1938 aqc 33, fvlarricd 1 cliild, ------.- RICHARD , currently resides in New Orleans , Louisiana.
Educztion : University of Michicjan, I3.A. , 1960 , Econc:;lics Rooscvclt University, Chicayo, MBA., 1364
Experience : -x__ 1960-1963, Intelligence Agent, U.S. Army 1964-1967, Sales Development Arialyst and Asst. to Sales Servi-ce SI Admin. Manager, Ceneral Foods Corp Presently , Sales Administration llanagcr to Stsiidard Fruit & SCeamshil) Company.
Education: St. Eonancvture University, B.C.A., Accounting, 1963.
Experience---__ : 1967--1969, Bell Acrosystem Conipany, Euffalo, New Yorlc Con t r a c t Cost Con t ro 1 Ana 1y si: /C on t Ia c t Ad minis .t rat ion 1963-197O , Zlectronic Division, General Dynan~icsCorp, , Rochester Idew York , Contract T.,dixinistrator 19 7 0 - p 1: e s?;.it , S t o c h ast i c S y R t.em s Res e arch C o I:};> or i; tion I?oc 1 le s t e 7: New York
Project and Systems ?lanager currently directing a study of family courts in the Fourth Departrxcnt, I’qpellatc D.ivision State of IJew Yorlc.
Currently resides i 11 Rochestcr , New YorJr.
GLL1:T5KTf COIT €1. , born July 12, 1928, age 43 , Married, 2 children, A- A- currently resides in Columbus , Ohio.
Education: Ohio UniTiersity, B.S. , Ed., 1952 Franklin Law School, L.L.D. , 1961 Experience: 1952-19607 Secondm-y I;:ducation Teacher of Zunorican History and Civics, Chillicothe Board of Rlucation, Chillicothe, Ohi 0 1961-prescnt I Assj-stant Admi.nistrativc Director , Suprcmc Court of Ohio. 1’lcnibe.r, Ohio State Bar Association.
D-4 19 3 GRAHAII, JACK L. , born March 215, 1939, age 32, Ikirricd, 2 children, currently-resides in Marrictta, Gcorgia.
---Educc7.t.i.on: Woodrow Nilson College of Law, L. L. B.
----Experience : 1960-1966, Deputy Clerk, Cobh County, Georgia, Superior Court Fcbruary-IJovember, 1966, Law Clerk, Harrison E. All.cn, Esq. 1966-1.969, Deputy Clerk, Cobb County Superior Court 1970-present, Court Administrator, Cobb County Superior Court.
GREENHIJT, TiIOblliS J., born June 2, 1946, age 25, single, currently resides in Albuquerque, New Mexico. -Education: University of New Mexico, R.A., 1969 Additional studies, Universi'iy of Mew I4cxico
--Experience -- : 1969-1970, Probation Officer, Bcrnalillo County, Juvcni1.e Probation Department 1970-present, Supervisor, Doinestic Relations Department, Second Judicial District, A3 Luyuerquc
GRIFFIN,.._-_l.-l^_ f";TJC? I$., horn August 15, 19L?4, age 27, Piarricd!, cur~'ent1yresicks in Fairbanl-,~, Alaska.
----Education : . University of Alaska, B.A., 1969 .. -Experience : 1970-19 71, Field Representative, Human Rights Depirtment, State of Alaska 1971-present, Court Administrator, Fourth Judicial District, State of Alaska.
D- 5 ,194 HAGERTY, JAMES E., born March 9, 1946, age 25, Married, 3 children, currently resides in Gaithersburg, Maryldn
Education: St. Bernadine of Siena College, B.S., Economics, 1967 American University, Washington, D.C., M.A., 1972 American Government and Urban Affairs.
Exp e r i en c e : 1967-1968, New York State Department of Commerce, Senior Economist 1968-1971, U.S. Postal Service 1968-1969, Positions included two-year management internship with assignments as budget analyst, management analyst and other staff positions January-June, 1970, Assistant to San Francisco Regional Manager (assigned to assist in labor relations activities) July 1970-August 1.971, IIeld positions as corporate planning analyst and new products manager in the Planning and Marketing Department August, 1971-present, Environmental Protection Agency, S?ecial Assistant to the Director, Data and Support Systems Division
HALL, NANCY S., born September 4, 1943, age 28, Married, J child, currently resides in Houston, Texas.
Education: Texas Christian University, B,A., 1965. Experience:- 1966-1.969, Advisor and Administrative Assistant, Zoology Department and Washington Foreign Language Institution, university o€ Washington 1970-1971, Teaching Fellow, Department of Political Science, University of houston 1971-prcsent, Consultant, Institute for Court Management.
D-6 195 IIESS, JANE A., born January 21, 1933, age 39, Single
I .Education : Southwest Missouri State College, B.S., Education, 1955 University of Kansas, N.A., 1967 University of Denver, Collegc of Law, J.D., 1972, M.S., 1973 Experience: .. 1959-1962, Springfield, Missouri, Community School District, Secondary Education Teacher 1963-1969, Southsastern Iowa Area Commmity College, Burlington, Iowa, Instructor, Director of Speech and Theater September, 1970-present, Student, University of Denver, . College of Law.
HODCDON, JOHN R., born July 23, 1929 , Married ~ Education: Harvard College, B.A., 195L, Major-Government Harvard Law School, L.L.B., 1957 . Admitted to Massachusetts Bar
Experience 1957-1958, Law Clerk, Massachusetts Supreme Court- 1958-1963, Associate,--Peabody, Arnold, Backeldor and Luther; Boston, Massachusetts. Specialization in corporate mortgages, conditional sales, federal and skate taxes, litigation, and trusts.
1963-1965, Peace Corps-Office of the General Counsel, Washington, D.C. Interpretation of the Peace Corps Act and other legislation pertinent to the administration of the Peace Corps 1965-presentf Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; Office for Civil Rights
1965-1967, Investigation of compliance with civil rights requirements and negotiation of desegregation plans for school systems in Ssuthern States
L ’ 1967-1970, Preparation of departmental policies, procedures, , and statistical materials, with regard to school desegregation
1970-present, Chicago, Regional Civil Rights- Director, responsiblc for HEW civil rights enforcement for minorities and women in schools, universities, hospitals, nursincj homes, welfare agencies, and similar institutions in six midwestcrn states. IIUDSO?!, JERE 1-1. , born March 25, 1922, Married, 4 ch-~-lclren,currently resides in Gainesville, Florida. Education: University of Omaha, B.A., Government George Washington University, Master Science, International Affairs
__Experience : 1955-1957, Assistant Chief of Staff (Lieutenant Col.) , Ilq. Air Training Command 1958-1961, Operations Staff Advisor, (Lt. Col.) 1962-1964, Chief, Program Control Office, Ballistic Missile Division USAF 1964-1966, Wing Chief, USAF Squadron Officer School 1966-1967, Assistant Chj-ef (Colonel) , Evalugtion Division Directorate of Prograin Research, Air PJar College 1967-1968, Conunander, Speci.al. Activities Group, Saigon 19G2-presentf Director, Colonel , USAF, ROTC and I'lilitnry Coordinator, University of Florida.
KIIL'G, FViL G. , born May 13, 1933, age 38 , Married, 3 children, currently resides in Santa Paula, California. ----Education: Univcrsi ty of Southern Cal-ifornia, R.A. , Public Miministration, 1964-
.--Experience -- : 1956-1959, Deputy Sheriff, Vcntura County SheriI€ts Department 1959-1370, Chief Investigator, Ventura County, District Attorney 1970-present., Executive Director, Ventura Region Criminal Justice Planning Board.
--KIRK, v1~c.11,L, born September 25, 1923, age 49, Narried, 2 children, currently resides in V7indow Rock, Arizona.
Cduca tion : Chicago Institute of Technology, 1947
-. Experience-. : 1960-1972, Legal Education Program, Navajo Tribe 1954-1960, Police work, Navajo Nation 1960-1.970, Trial Court Judge, Navajo Nation Presently, Chief Justice of the Trj.bal Courts o€ Navajo Nation, Window Rock, Arizona.
D- 8 197 Kl,~:f’Il~~,ROBERT CI-IARLES , born June 5, 1939 , Married, 2 children, currently residcs in Phil zidelphia, Pennsylvania.
Education : Geneva College, B. S. , Indllstrial Engineering El. S. , Management Sciences, 1971.
Experience: Staff lndustrial Enqineer, Honeywell Information Systems. March, 1971-June, 1571., Industrial Engineer, Geledyne Ryan Aeronautical June, 1971-presentI Assistant Court Administrator, Supreme Court of Pcnnsylvanis Member, American Institute of Industrial Engineers, Naval Reserve Association.
1. KUR?Jg, GERALD B., born July 9, 1942, age 29, Married, currently reslues in Eouldcr, Colorado.
Educztion: UnivcrsiTy of Colorado, B.A., Political Science, 1964 M.P.A., 1967 University of Denver, College of Law, J.D., 1970 Experience:- 1965-137O, Senior Managenient Analyst, Department o€ ildminis- tratior:, State of Colorado 197O-presentI Senior Personnel and Management Analyst, Colorado Judicial Department.
LAIRD, JNWS--- I<., born March 20, 1940, age 31, Single. Currently resides in New Orleans, Louisiana --Education: University of Virginia, B.A., 1962, !lath George Kashington University, ‘Graduate, Math University of Virginia, N.S., 1967, Computer Science
Experience : June, 1366-0ctoher, 1968 (4 separate occasions totaling 15 months) , United States Department of Justice, Cornputcr Specialist/Systems Analyst July, 1968-September, 1969, Information Systems Company, Los Altos, California, Computer Specialist/Manaqcr of Techi c a 1 S e r vice s September, 1969-prescnt, SclfLEmploycd Consultant, Computer Sys tems Design, Criminal Justice Applications
D-9 .L98 -LIJI.lEARD I 'l'iIO!~lhS, born New York , New York , March 7 , 1336 , jYzrried , 2 children.
~-__-Education: I!: :-qarc? College, A. G. , cum laud?, English, 1959 --I__ Uiiiversity of Pennsylvanici, LL. I3. , --cum laude, 1363 Experience : I__--1963-1365, Associate, Law Firm of Webstcr, SheffFeld, Fleischmann, Hitchcock & Brookfield, Mew Yorl; City 1965-1969, Assistant U.S. Attorney for the District or' Columbia Feh. I 1969-Auy., 1969 I Attorney-advisor, Office of the DePuty Attorney General 1969-1970, Coordinator of Law Enforcement, Office of the Secretary of the Treasury Feb. , 1970-Jan. , 1972, Chief, Coilrts, Prosecution and Defense Program Division, T,E.iiLT\ 1972-present, of Counsel, Law Firm of Goldfarb and Singer, Washington, D, C.
JPPLLOY, __--____FT?.Ai.?K J. , born April. 25, 1915, age 57, single , cErrently rcsicies in It7indow Rock, Arizona.
Educztion:----..-- Si-. birtiii's Col-lege, Olyinpia, P!ashington, 1935, D.A. University of Denver Law School, J.D., LL.B., 1954.
-----_--Experience: 196'1-1970, Assistant Attorney General, State of Colorado 1954-1961, private law practice, Denver 1961-1367, Zudicial Consultant, Courts of Navajo Nation presently, General Counsel to Judicial Bi-anc)~of Navajo Nation.
IARTJNZZ,------DANIEL T., born September 11, 1928, age 43, Narried, 4 children, currently resides in Mandaluyonq, Rizal, Pk .i1i pp i nes Education: Far Castern University, LL.B., 1953
-----Experience: 19i3'7-15%0, Teclinical Assistant to Senate Electoral Tribunal 1960-1363, Scnior Attorney, Lcq;al. llesearch Division, Supreme Court of the Phi lri ppines 1960-present Rapportcur ('?echnical Assis hnt), Supreme Court of the Philippines
D-10 199 IURTORA15A, FRANK 1,., born Deccvber 29, 1942, acje 30, IIarried, currently resi-des in Trenton, New Jersey.
-____Education: Georgetown University, R. S. , Mathematics, 1964 Rutger? University, M. S. , Applied Mathematical Statistics, 1966 Post-Graduate Studies, Rutgers, (Statistics) Vayne State University (Accounting) American Institute of Banking, Comiercial Law
Experience: 1968-197r Burroughs Corporation, Systems Analyst 197l-present, Private business as foreign importer 1970-prcsentf Bank of American, Product Analyst, Harketing Special -Yesearch.
~!-7r;PLL,ER, FREDERICI<, born October 2 8, 19 3 8 , single, currently resides in %ltamont, New York. Educztiorl: -__I Siena Colleqe, A.B., Enqlish Literature Albany Law School, Unio; University, J.D. Experience---- : 1962-1965, ESitor, Newki.rlc’ Associates, Plew York, pari:-timc, 19651967, Private Law Practj.ce 1967-present, Deputy Director of Administration, Third Judicizl Department New York Plenber, American Bar Association and New York State Bar Association.
MILLOY, ROBERT, born August 8 1924, !&Tarried, 3 children, currently resides in Mercer Island, Washington. Experience: 1945-1955, Line Officer, U.S. Navy 1955-196 3, Application Engineer/Contract Administrator, Western Gear Corporation 1963-1970, Design Engineer, Boeing Company . 1970-present, Court AciiLiinistrator, Municipal Court of Seattle Ivlember, U. S. Naval Reserve
MORAN, J. DENIS, born July 13, 1942, age 29, Married, 3 children, currently resides in Chula Vis.ta, California.
1:ducation---- : San Diego State College, B.S., 1971, Crininal Justice Administration San Diego State Collcgc, currently enrolled in law school.
----1;xpcricncc : l!jbS-1%7, National City, California Policc Dept., Patrol.man 3.9G7-19G8, Questron, Inc. , Vicc-Prc>siclcnt of own company whicl~.manuracturcd clcctroni c arid sonar equiplncnt 1.968-1 971, Sari Dicqo County S1ic:riEf’s Departnient, Deputy Slierif f. D-11 2 00 MURRET, EUGENE J., born August 1, 1932, Married, 1 child, currently resides in New Orleans, Louisiana. Education: Loyola University, New Orleans, B.A.I. Sociology, 1954 Loyola School of Law, J.D., 1959 SpGing Hill College, -Mobile, Alabama, M.A. , Philosophy, 1964 New York University School of Law, Master of Law, 1969 Experience: 1969, Instructor, Loyola University School of Law 1971-present, Judicial Administrator, Supreme Court of Louisiana NAPTON, THOMAS R., born November 10, 1943, age 28, Married. Education: University of Montana, B.A., 1965, History and Political Science University of Montana, two years of Law Experience: 1967-1969, LeBTislative Assistant to Congressman Arnold Olsen 1969-1970, Lawson Management Corporation, Executive Assistant to the President 1970-present, Indian Comiunity Action Project, University of Montana Ma.nagement/Employment Consultant: Federal Proposal Writer.
PARKER, RONALD I. , born February 9, 1933, agk 39, Married, 3 children, currently resides in Livingston, New Jersey Education: Brooklyn College, B.A., 1954, Accountinq New York University Grad. School of Business Admin., M.B.A., 1962, Management Attending Seton Hall Law School. Experience: 1957-1960, Accountant and Systems Analyst, Hazeltine Electronics 1960-1963, Senior Systems Analyst/Programmer, Thiokol Chemical Corp. 1963-1964, Supervisor of Systems Planning & Design, New Jersey Blue Cross 1964-1968, Manager of Systems Development, Macy's 1968-1970, Director of Management Information Systems, The Bali Co., Inc. President, Hickory Corp. and Clinton Corp., Real Estate Agencies. Currently Court Administrator of Passaic County, New Jersey.
D-12 201 REED, ROBERT J., SR., born April 10, 1929, age 42, Married, 2 children, currently resides in Trenton, New Jersey.
Education: Seton Hall University, B.A., Psychology, 1953 M.B.A., Management, 1962
Experience: 1957-1968, Administrative Assistant, Corporate Planning Area of the Group Annuity Department, Prudential Insurance Company 1968-1971, Administrative Analyst, Administrative Office of the Courts, State of New Jersey -1971-prescnt, Court Administrator, Mercer, Somerset, and Hunterdon Counties in New Jersey.
RODRIGUEZ, RWUGIO CUCO, born Feb. 9, 1948, age 24, single, resides in Sacramento, California. -. Education: Ventura College, A.A., 1968, Political Science Sacramento State College, B.A., 1970, Criminal Justice Sacramento State College, N.A., 1972, Social Science/Crimiiial Justice -Experience: 1965-1968, Oxnard Boy's Club, Asst. Director, Assisting in crimc-delinquency prevention 1969-1970, Public Defendant's Office, Sacramento. Court Interpreter 1972-present, Moorpark College, Instructor of juvenile law and police minority relations Member of Ford Foundation Honor Society. ROLFSQN, CALVIN PI., born May 6, 1941, age 30, Married, 2 children, currently resides .in Bismark, North Dakota.
Education: Concordia College, B.A., 1963 University .of North Dakota School of Law, J.D., 1366
Experience: 1966-1970, States Attorney '(elected), Pembina County, North Dakota 1970-1971, Special Assistant Attorney General, Office of the Attorney Gcneral 1971-present, Court Administrator, North Dakota Supreme court Member of the American and North Dakota Bar Associations and American Judicature Society.
D-13 202 ROMANCW, JOSEPH S., born April 20, 1938, age 33, Yarried, 3 children, currently resides in Newton Massachusetts.
Education: Tufts University, B.S., Math, 1960 Suffolk University Law School, J.D., 1968 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Experience:-- 1959-1970, Advanced Research Engineer, Sylvania Electronics Systems, Inc. 1970-present, Legal Systems Analyst, Massachusetts Superior Court Member of American Judicature Society and Automation Committee of the Boston Ear Association.
SARTAIN, ELWOOD, born October 10, 1922, age 49, Married, 5 children, currently resides in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
Education: United States Nerchant Marine Academy Louisiana State University and 'Texas Christian University
Experience : 1955-1971, Parish Clerk, City of Baton Route, Parish of East Baton Rouge 1971-present, Judicial Administrator, Nineteenth Judicial District Court.
SHERWOOD, DAVID R., born May 10, 1940, age 31, Married, 1 child.
Edu.cation : Howard University, 1965, Government and Legal Studies Syracuse University, M.P.A., 1971 Additional studies, Howard University, Education, and History
Experience: 1962-1964, Peace Corps, Teacher, Sierra Leone 1964-1965, United Planning Organization, D.C., Teacher of the Poor 1965-1967, Deputy Training Director, Peace Corps 1967-1970, Country Director, Lesotho 1970, Program Coordinator for Africa Aug., 1971-Dec., 1971, Transcentury Corporation, Washington D.C., Consultant/Evaluator of VISTA Projects Jan., 1972-present, ACTION/VISTA Policy Development Spcci9list, Washington, D.C.
D-14 203 SIJOTJDEN, ARTI-iUR H., 11, born May 1, 1940, age 31, Married, 1 child, currently resides in Bethesda, Maryland. Education: Providence College, B.A., 1963 Catholic University, J.D., 1966 Ph.D., Candidate in International Law Experience: 1967-1969, Chairman of Political Science Department, Dunbarton College, Washington, D.C. 1969-1970, Administrative Associate, National Research Council/National Academy of Science 1970-present, Court Administrator, Montgomery County, Maryland, Circuit Court Member of Har-tford County and Connecticut Bar Associations. STEPHENSON, LEWIS P., born April 21, 1926, Married, 4 children, currently resides in Bellevue, Washington. Education: Washington State University, B.A., General Science/Speech, 1949 Loyola University, New Orleans, 1964 Experience: 1956-1970, Supervisor with The Eoeing Company 1953-1956, Cost Accountant, Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation 1970-present, Court Administrator, King County Superior Court Member, National Association of Trial Court Administrators, Institute of Judicial Administration. SUCHA, WILLIAM D., born March 30, 1922, aqe 49, Married, 4 children, currently resides in Northglenn, Colorado. Education: Austin Junior College, A.A., 1942 St. Olaf College, B.S., 1948 Experience: 1951-1958, Chief Probation Officer, Mower County, Minnesota 1959-1970; Clerk of the District Court, 3rd Judicial District, Austin, Minnesota . 1970-present, District Judicial Administrator, 17th Judicial District, State of Colorado, Brighton, Colorado.
D-15 204 THOMPSON, WILLIMI E., born May 14, 1928, single, currently resides in Bronx, New York.
Experience: 1959-1961, Uniformed Court Officer, Probation Court. 1961-1962, Uniformed Court Officer, Gambler's Court., Manhattan 1962-1965, Uniformed Court Officer, Bronx Traffic Court 1965-1968, Uniformed Court Officer, Assistant Court Clerk and Court Clerk, Bronx Criminal Court 1968, Court Clerk I, Night Court, New York 1968-present, Court Clerk I, Bronx Criminal Court Nemher, Selective Service Board, Bronx, New York, Tribune Society, Life member, NAACP.
C.JALLACE, F17111LIAM H. , 111, born November 9 , 1923, age 48, Xarricd, 3 chiluren, currently resides in New York, New York.
Education: City College of New York, B.S., 1948 Brooklyn Law School, L.L.B., 1951, L.L.M., 1953, J.D., 1967 Practicing Law Institute (1 month, 1953) New York University Graduate School of Public Administration (1959-1960) U.S. Army Judge Advocate General School (2 weeks, 1968) IJ.S. Army War College (2 years, 1969-1971)
-Experience: 1956-1963, Law Secretary, New York Supreme Court 1964-1971, Deputy Clerk, New York Supreme Court 1971-present, Assistant Chief Clerk, Criminal Term, New York Supreme Court, New York, New York Member of the U.S. Army Reserve, holding rank of Lt. Col.
Instructor with the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College teaching various legal courses to senior officers undergoing educational qualification for promotion.
WERBCR, DONALD G., age 38, Married, 3 children, currently resides in Denver, Colorado.
Education: B.A., Sacramento State College, 1960
Experience:
Presently, Assistant to the Director of the Institute for Court Management Project Director of Criminal Justice Planners Conference Project Director of several LEAA-funded programs and functi oncd as the Law and Justice Coordinator for the County of Vcntura, California (five years).
. D-16 205 WICLAND, KENNETH D., born January 2, 1943, age 29, single, currently resides in Los Angeles, California.
Education: San Diego State College, B.A., 1967, M.S., Public Administration, 1971 Occidental College, M.A., Urban Studies, 1971
Experience: 1967-1969, Administrative Analyst Trainee, City of San Diego, Utilities Department 1969-1970, Assistant Administrative Analyst (Systems and Procedural Analyst), County of Los Angeles 1970-present, Administrative Analyst, Los Angeles County I Superior Court Member, American Society of Public Administration.
WINSTONL JAMES S., DR., born October 4, 1928, age 43, Narried, 2 children, currently resides in Penninqton, New Jersey
Education: Co1urnbi-a College, Pre-Law , 194 fi New York Law School LL.B., 1950, J.D., 1968 Teachers College, Columbia University, M.A., 1951, Prof. Diploma, 1956, Ed.D., Educational Administration, 1966
Experience: 1962-1966, The Mitre Corporation, Eedforcl, Massachusetts 1966-1969, Technical Director, Behavioral Services and Senior Project Director, Data Dynamics, Inc;, Ft. Walton Beach, Florida 1969-1971, President and Chief Executive Officer, Information Dynamics, Inc. (small consulting firm), Pennington, New Jersey 1971-present, Court Administrator, Middlesex County, New Jersey, Superior Court Member, American Bar Association, American Educational Research Association, Associate, School Administrators, American Society for Training and Development, International Association of Assessing Officers and Society for General Systems Research,
D- i7 206 APPENDIX E
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
BS 1 Adams, Joe Kennedy, Secrets of The Trade, Madness, Creativity and Ideoloqy, The Viking Press, N.Y., 1961
.i BS 2 Alschuler, Alfred S., Tabor, Diane, McIntyre, James Teachinq Achievement Motivation, Education Ventures, Middletown, 1970
BS 3 Anderson, Harold H., Editor Creativity and Its Cultivation, Harper and Brothers N.Y., 1959
BS 4 Ard, Ben N., Jr., and Constance C., Editors Handbook of Marriaqe Counselinq, Science and Behavior Books, Palo Alto, 1969
BS 5 Bennis, Warren G., Slater, Philip E., The Temporary Society, Harper and Row, N.Y., 1968
BS 5.1 Berne, Eric, Princiules of Group Treatment, Grove Press, N.Y., 1966
BS 6 Blatner, Howard, Psychodrama, Role-Playinq and Ac!n llethods: Theory and Practice, Thetford, England, 1370
BS 7 Brammer, Lawrence PI., and Shostrom, Everett L., Therapeutic Psvcholosv Fundamentals of Counselins and Psvchotherapy, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1960
BS 8 Buckley, Walter, Modern Systems Research for the Behavioral .Scientist, Aldine Publishing Co., Chicago, 1968
BS 8.1 Carroll, John B., Lansuase and Thousht, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1964
BS 9 Cartwright, Dorwin and Zander, Alvin, Group Dvnamics, Third Edition, Harper and Row, N.Y., 1953
BS 9.1 Courts, Frederick A., psycholosical Statistics, An Introduction, The Dorsey Press, Homewood, Ill, 1966
BS 10 Davis, Keith and Scott, William G., Readinqs in Human_ Relations, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill, N.Y., 1959
BS 11 Fagan, Joen and Sheperd, Irma Lee, Gestalt TheraEv NowL Theory, Techniques, and Applications, Science and Behavior, Palo Alto, 1970 BS 12 Farson, Richard, Editor Science and Human Affairs, Morrison Lectures, Science and Behavior, Palo Alto, 1965 E-1 20 7 BS 13 Gardner, John W., -Exc!ellence,Can We Be Equal and Excellent Too?,- Harper Col.ophon, N.Y., 1961 BS 14 Gardner, John W., m.f-Renewa1, The Individual and the Innovative Society, Harper and Row, N.Y., 1963
BS 15 Goble, Frank, The Third Force, The Psychology of Abraham Maslow, Grossman, N.Y., 1970
BS 16 Guilford, J.P., Fundamental Statistics in Psychology and Education, McGraw-Hill, N.Y., 1956
BS 17 Gunther, Bernard, Sense Relaxation, Below Your Mind, The Macmillan Co., Toronto, 1970
BS 18 Hall, Calvin S., and Lindzey, Gardner, Theories of _Personality, John Wiley and Sons, N.Y., 1957
BS 19 Hare, A. Paul, Borgatta, Edgar, and Bales, Robert F., mall Groups, Alfred A. Knopf, N.Y., 1955
BS 20 Harris, Chester W., Problems in Measurinq Chanqe, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1967
BS 21 mvard Education Review, Vol. 28, No. 1, Winter 1968
BS 22 flarvard Educational Review, Vol. 37, No. 1, Winter 1967 BS 23 Hoffer, Eric, The Ordeal of Chanqe, Harper and Row, N.Y., 1952
BS 24 Humanitas, Vol. V, No. 1, .Spring 1969 BS 25 Humanitas, Vol. V, No. 2, Fall 1969
BS 26 Humanitas, Vol, V, NO. 3, Winter 1970
BS 27 _. Hivnanitas, Vol. VI, No. 1, Spring 1970 BS 28 Humanitas, Vol. VII, No.1, Spring 1971
BS 29 Jackson, Don D.! Theraw, C ommunication and Chancre, Vol. 2, Science and Behavior, Palo Alto, 1968
BS 30 Joint Commission on Mental Health af Children, Crisis Mental Health: Challencre for the 1970's, Harper and Row, N.Y., 1969
BS 31 Jones, Richard M., mvand Feelins in Education, University Press, N.Y., 1968
BS 32 The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, NTL Institute for Applied Behavioral Science, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1970 BS 33 The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, NTL Institute for Applied Behavioral Science, Vol. 3, 1970 E-2 208 BS 34 The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, NTL Institute for Applied Behavioral Science, Vol. 7, No. 5, 1971
BS 35 Keniston, Kenneth, The Uncommitted, Alienated Youth in American Society, Dell, N.Y., 1960
BS 36 Kimble, Daniel P., The Anatomy of llemory, Science and Behavior, Palo Alto, 1965
BS 37 Knowles, Malcolm S., The Adult Education Movems-nt in the .- U.S., Holt, Rinehart and Winston, N.Y., 1962
BS 37.1 Knowles, Malcolm S.,.The Modern Practice of Adult Education Andraqoqy vs. Fedaqoqy, Association Press, N.Y., 1970
BS 38 Lederman, Janet, Anqer and the Rockinq Chair, Gestalt Awareness with ChildEn, McGraw-Hill, N.Y., 1969
BS 39 Leonard, George B., Education and Ecstasy, Dell, N.Y., 1968 BS 40 Miller, David W., and Starr, Martin, K., The Structure of Human Decisions, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1967
BS 41 Miller, Stuart, Hot. Springs, The True Adventures of the First New York Jewish Literary Intellectual in the-~ Human Potential Movement, The Viking Press, N.Y., 1971
BS 42 Murray, Edward J., Motivation and Emotion, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1964
BS 43 Naranjo, Claudio and Ornstein, Robert E., On The Psycholosv of Meditation, The Viking Press, N.Y., 1971
BS 44 Parry, John, The Psycholoqy of Human Communication, American Elsevier, N.Y., 1967
BS 45 Perls, Frederick S., Gestalt Therapy Verbatim, Real People Press, Menlo Park, Calif.,1969
BS 46 Perls, Frederick S., In and Out of the Garbage Pail, Real People Press, Menlo Park, Calif., 1969
BS 47 Perls, Frederick S.I Hefferline, Ralph F., and Goodman, Paul, Gestalt Therapy, Dell, N.Y., 1951
BS 48 Pfeiffer, William J., and Jones, John E., ,A Handbook of Structured Experiences for Human Relations Training, Vol. I, 11, and 111, Univ Associates Press, Iowa City, 1969
BS 49 Phillips, Derek L., Studies in American Society, Thomas Y. Crowell, N.Y., 1965
BS 50 Porter, E.H., Jr., An Introduction to Therapeutic Counselinq, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1950
E-3 209 BS 51 Rogers, Carl R., Freedom to Learn, Charles E. Jlerrill, Columbus, 1969
BS 52 Rogers, Carl R., On Eecominq a Person, Houghton-Mifflin, Boston, 1961
BS 53 Rose, Arnold M., and Caroline B./ Minority Problems, Harper and Row, N.Y., 1965
BS 54 Rose, Peter I., The Study of Society, An Inteqrated Anthology, Random House, N.Y. , 1967
BS 55 Schramm, Wilbur, Editor The Process and Effectx of Mass Communic BS 56 Schutz, William C., Joy, Expandinq Human Awareness, Grove Press, N.Y., 1967 BS 57 Sherif, Muzafer and Carolyn W., An Outline of Social Psychology, Revised, Harper and Brothers, N.Y., 1956 BS 5% Stein, Morris I., Editor Contemporary Psychotherapies, The Free Press, N.Y., 1961 BS 59 Taylor, Calvin W., Editor Creativitv: Prosress and Potential, McGraw-Hill, N.Y., 1964 BS 60 Teevan, Richard C., and Birney, Robert C., Readings for Introductory Psychology, Harcourt, Brace and World, N.Y., 1965 BS 61 Thomlinson, Ralph, Socioloqical Concepts and Research, Random House, N.Y., 1966 BS 62 Travers, John F., Learninq, Analysis and Application, David McKay Co., N.Y., 1965 BS 63 Underwood, Benton J., Experimental Psycholoqy, Second Edition, Appleton-Century Crofts, N.Y., 1966 BS 64 Watson, Goodwin, Editor Concepts for Social Chanqe, NTL Institute for Applied Behavioral Science, NEA, 1967 BS 65 Watzlawick, Paul, an Antholoqv of Human Communication, Science and Behavior, Palo Alto, 1966 BS 66 Watzlawick, Paul, Beavin, Jane Helmick and Jackson, Don D., Praqmatics of Human Communication, A Study of InteracLional Patterns, Patholoqies, and Paradoxes-, W.W. Norton and Co., N.Y., 1967 E-4 210 BS 67 Wechsler, David, The Measurement and Appraisal of Adult Jntelligence, Fourth Edition, The Williams and Wiikins Co., Baltimore, 1958 BS 68 White, Robert W., The Abnormal Personality, Third Edition, The Ronald Press Co., N.Y., 1964 BS 69 Zax, Melvin and Stricker, George, The Study of Abnormal Behavior, Selected Readings, ?he Macmillan Co., N.Y., 1964 BS 70 Zuckerman, David W., and Horn, Robert E., The Guide to Simulation Games for Education and Traininq, Cambridge Information Resources, 1970 BS 71 Zuk, Gerald H., and Boszormenyi-Nagy, Ivan, Family Therapy and Disturbed Families, Behavior Books, Palo Alto, -1967 E- 5 211 Crime and the Criminal Justice System CJ1 Attorney General's Committee on Poverty and the Administration of Criminal Justice, Poverty and the Administration of Federal Criminal Justice, U.S.G.P.O., Wash. D.C. 1963 CJ2 Blackburn, Sara, White Justice: Black Experience Today in America's Courtrooms, Harper & Row, New York 1971 - CJ3 Blumberg, Abraham S., Criminal Justice, Quadrangle Books, Chicago 1967 CJ4 Campbell, James C., Sahid, Joseph R., Stang, David I?. Law and Order Reconsidered, Staff Report to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention Of Violence, U.S.G.P.O., Wash. D.C. 1968 CJ5 Campbell, James S., Sahid, Joseph R., Stang, David P., Law and Order Reconsidered, Praeger, New York 1970 CJ6 Clark, Ramsey, Crime in America, Simon & Schuster, New York 1970 CJ7 Crime, Justice and Society, Vol. 3, The Peaks of Quebec Criminality, 1968 CJ8 Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure of the Judicial Conference of the United States, Second Preliminary Draft of Proposed Amendments to Rules of Criminal Procedure for the United States District Courts, 1964 (two copies) CJ9 Council of State Governments, The States and Criminal Justice, Ky. 1971 CJlO Cressey, Donald R., Crime and Criminal Justice, Quadrangle Books, 1971 CJll Cressey, Donald R., Ward, David A., Delinquency, Crime, and Social Process, Harper & Row, New York 1969 CJ12 Culver, Dorothy Campbell, Bibliography of Crime and- Criminal Justice 1927-1931, N.J. 1969 CJ13 Culver, Dorothy Campbell, Bibliography of Crime and Criminal Justice 1932-1937, N.J. 1963 CJ14 Criminal Justice in Extremis, Administration of Justice During the April 1968 Chicago Disorder, Law Review Research Series, Reprint from the University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 36, No. 3, 1968 E-6 212 CJ15 Deming, Richard, Man and Society: Criminal Law at Work,- Hawthorn Books, New York 1370 CJ16 Federal Bureau of Investigation, Crime in the United States, Uniform Crime Reports - 1965, U.S.G.P.O. Wash. D.C. 1966 CJ17 Federal Communications Commission, In Re Complaint Covering KMBC-TV Program, "Criminals and the Courts", Brief of Complainant CJ18 George, B. James, A New Look at Confessions: Escobedo - The Second Round, Dean-Hicks Co., Ann Arbor 1967 CJ19 George, B. James, Constitutional Limitations on Evidence in Criminal Cases, Practising Law Institute, New York 1969 CJ20 Glueck, Sheldon, Roscoe-. Pound and Criminal Justice, Oceana Publications 1965 CJ21 Goldstein, Abraham S., Goldstein, Joseph, Crime, Law and Society - Readings, Free Press, New York 1971 CJ22. -Handbook on Criminal Procedure in the United States District Court, (Project of the Federal Defenders Program of San Diego), West Publishing, 1967 CJ23 Joint Committee on Continuing Legal Education of the American Bar Association and the American Law Institute, The Problem of a Criminal Defense, American Law Institute, Philadelphia 1961 CJ24 Justice: The Crisis of Law, Order and Freedom in -America, by Richard Harris, E.P. Dutton, New York 1970 CJ25 Karlen, Delmar, Sawer, Geoffrey, Wise, Edward, Anglo-American Criminal Justice, Oxford University Press, New York 1967 CJ26 Katz, Lewis, Litwin, Laurence, Bamberger, Richard, Justice is the Crime: Pretrial Delay in Felony Cases, Case Western Reserve Law Review, 1971 CJ27 Lineberry, William P., Justice in America: Law Order & The Courts, H.W. Wilson Co., New York 1972 CJ28 McLennan, Barbara, Crime in Urban Society, Dunellen Co. 1970 CJ29 lledalie, Richard, From Escobedo to Miranda, The Anatomy of a Supreme Court Decision, Lerner Law Book Co., 1966 E-7 213 CJ30 Miller, Frank W., -Prosecution: The Decision to Charge A Suspect With a Crime, Little, Brown & Co., Boston 1969 CJ31 Miranda vs. State of Arizona, Brief for Petitioner, No. 759 In the Supreme Court of the United States, October Term, 1965 CJ32 Moley, Raymond, Our Criminal Courts, Minton, Balch & Co., New York 1930 CJ33 Morris, Norval,' Hawkins, Gordon, From Murder and From Violence, Good Lord, Deliver Us Midway, Vol. 10, . No. 1, 1969 CJ34 National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, Bantam Books, New York 1968 CJ35 National Commission on the Causes and Prevention-of~ Violence, To Establish JFstice, To Insure Domestic Tranquility, Bantam Books, 1970 CJ36 National Council on Crime *and Delinquency, Annulment of a Conviction of Crime, A Model Act, 1962 CJ37 National Council on CrimeIand Delinquency, Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1966 CJ38 Nedrud, The Criminal Law, 1967:-Arrest,Search and Seizure, L.E. Publishers, Chicago CJ39 Nihmer, Raymond T., Two-Million Unnecessary Arrests: Removing a Social Service Concern from the Criminal - Justice System, ABF, Chicago 1971 CJ40 Orfield, Lester Bernhardt, Criminal Procedure from Arrest to Appeal, New York University Press, New York 1947 CJ41 Packer, Herbert L., The Limits of the Criminal Sanction, Stanford University Press, 1968 CJ42 Peterson, Virgil. W., A Report on Chicago Crime for 1967, Chicago Crime Commission, Chicago 1968 CJ43 Practising Law Institute, Federal Criminal Practice and Procedure, Course Handbook Series Vol. 5, PLI, New York 1968 CJ44 President's Commission on Crime in the District of Columbia, Report, Wash. D.C. 1966 CJ45 President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society, U.S.G.P.O., Wash. D.C. 1967 E-8 214 CJ46 President's Commission on Crime in the District of Columbia, Appendix to Report,- U.S.G.P.O., Wash. D.C. 1966 CJ47 President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, National Symposium on Science and Criminal Justice, Wash. D.C. 1966 CJ48 Quinney,Richard, Crime and Jus-, Little, Brown & Co., Boston 1969- CJ49 Radzinowicz, Leon, and Wolfgang, Marvin E., Crime and Justice (Vol. I): The Criminal in Society, Basic Books, Inc., New York 1971 CJ50 Radzinowicz, Leon, and Wolfgang, Marvin E., Crime and Justice (Vol. 11): The Criminal in the Arms of the Law,- Basic Books, Inc., New York 1971 CJ51 Radzinowicz, Leon, and Wolfgang, Marvin E., Crime and Justice (Vol. 111): The Craminal in Confinement, Basic Books, Inc., New York 1971 CJ52 Snyder, Orville C., An Introduction to Criminal Justice, Prentice Hall, New York 1953 CJ53 Special Committee of the Assoc. of the Bar of the City of New York and The National Legal Aid and Defender Association, Equal Justice for the Accused, Doubleday, Garden City 1959 CJ54 Subcommittee on Criminal Laws and Procedure, Reform of the Federal Criminal Laws, Part I, 1971 CJ55 Subcommittee on Economy in Government, The Federal -Criminal Justice System, Sept - Oct 1970 CJ56 Sutherland, Edwin A., and Cressey, Donald R., Principles of Criminology, J.B. Lippincott, Chicago 1960 - CJ57 Sykes, Gresham, and Drabek, Thomas E., Law and the Lawless, A Reader in Criminology, Random House, New York 1969 CJ58 Tappan, Paul W., Crime, Justice and Correction, McGraw Hill, New York 1960 CJ59 United States Department of Justice, LEAA Expenditure and Employment Data for cthe Criminal Justice System, 1968-69, U.S.G.P.O., Wash. D.C. CJ60 West Publishing, Criminal Law & Enforcement, 2nd Ed., by Hall & GlGck, 1968 CJ61 West Publishing, Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure and Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, Title 18 of the United States Code, 1971 Edition 215 Corrections Col Administrative Office of the United States Courts, c02 Brewer, Donald D., and Blair, Carol Ann, A Plan For Action, In-service Training for Probation, Parole and Correctional Personnel, University of Georgia, 1968 C03 Dressler, David, Practice and Theory of Probation and Parole, Columbia University Press, New York 1959; 2nd Ed., 1969 Co4 Dressler, .David, Readings in Criminology and Penology, Columbia University Press, New York 1964 Cos Fricke, Charles W., Sentence and Probation, The Imposition of Penalties Upon Convicted Criminals, Lega1:BDok Store, Los Angeles 1960 C06 Gaylin, Willard, "NO Exit", Harpers Magazine, Nov. 1971 Coy Glaser, Daniel, The Effectiveness of a Prison and Parole System, Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis 1964 C08 Glueck, Sheldon, Crime and Correction: Selected Papers, Addison-Wesley Press, Cambridge 1952 cog Interpreter, Jan - Feb 1971, Vol. 6, No. 1 COlO Interpreter, March - April 1971, Vol. 6, No.2 Coll Interpreter, Summer 1971, Vo1.6, No. 3 c012 Joint Commission on Correctional Manpower Training, Criminology and Corrections Programs, American Correctional Association, 1967 Co13 Developing Correctional Administrators Co14 Difference That Make the Difference Co15 The Future of the Juvenile Court Co16 The Legal Challenge to Corrections Co17 Research in Correctional Rehabilitation Co18 Targets for In-Service Training co19 The University and Corrections E-10 216 . C020 Mattick, Hans W., and Aikman, Alexander B., "The Cloacal Region of American Corrections", The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, Vol. 381, pp 109-118, Jan. 1969 c021 Morris, Norval, and Zimring, Frank,"Deterrence and Corrections", The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, Vol. 381, pp 137- 146, Jan. 1969 c022 National Probation and Parole Association, Guides for Sentencing, Carnegie Press, New York 1957 Co23 National Council on Crime and Delinquency, Standard Act For State Correctional Services, 1966 Co24 Ohlin, Lloyd E., Selection for Parole, A Manual of Parole Prediction, Russell Sage Foundation, New York 1951 . Co2 5 President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, Task Force Report: Corrections,.- 1967 Co26 Rubin, Sol, The Law of Criminal Correction, West Publishing, 1963 Co27 Scheier, Ivan H., and Goter, LeRoy P., Usinu Volunteers in Court Settings, A Manual for Volunteer Probation Programs, HEW Office of Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Development, U.S.G.P.O. Co28 Subcommittee on National Penitentiaries of the Committee on the Judiciarv, United States Senate. Of Prisons and Justice, A Selection of the Writings of James U. Bennett, Document No. 70, 1964 Co29 Vedder, Clyde B., and Kay, Barbara A., Penology, A Realistic Approach, Springfield, 1964 C030 West Publishing, Sentencing'Institute for Superior Court Judges, 1967 CRIMINAL JUSTICE/RELATED SUBJECTS CR 1 Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, Civil Disobedience,- 1966 CR 2 Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, Fair Trial vs. A Free Press, 1965 CR 3 Eldridge, William Butler, Narcotics and The Law, American Bar Foundation, Chicago, 1962 CR 4 Fortas, Abe, Concerning Dissent and Civil Disobedience, Signet Books, N.Y., 1968 CR 5 Kaplan, John, Marijuana - The New Prohibition, The World Publishing Co., N.Y., 1970 . CR 6 Lindesmith, Alfred R., The Addict and The Law, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1965 CR 7 National Commission on Xarijuana and Drug Abuse, Marijuana, A Signal of Ilisunderstandinq, New American Library, N.Y., 1972 'CR 8 Nowlis, Helen H., Druqs on the Colleqe Campus, A Guide -- -- for College Administrators, National Association of Student Personnel Administrators, Detroit, 1967 CR 9 President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, Task Force Report: Drunkeness, U.S.G.P.O., 1967 CRlO President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, Task Force Report: Science and Technoloqy, U.S.G.P.O. , 1967 CRll Siebert, Fred S., Wilcox, Walter, and Hough, George,III, Edited by Chilton R. Bush, Free Press and Fair Trial, Some Dimensions--. of the Problem,__ University of Georgi-a Press, Athens, 1970 CR12 Smith, David E., Editor Journal of Psychedelic Drugs, Speed Kills: A Review of Amphetamine Abuse,Vol. 2, 1970 CR13 Smith, David E., Editor Journal of Psychedelic Drugs, LSD,--The-Psych.ed-el-ic- Experience and Beyond, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1970 CR14 Smith, David E., Editor - Journal of Psychedelic Drugs, Uua Abuse. Vo1.3, ' No. 2, 1971 E-12 218 Government G 1 Anderson, Stanley V., Ombudsmen for American Government, Prentice Hall, 1968 G 2 Becker, Theodore L., and Murray, Vernon G., Government Lawlessness in America, Oxford University Press, New York 1971 G 3 Berger, Raoul, Congress v. The Supreme Court, Harvard University Press, Cambridge 1969 G 4 Bernstein, M.H., The Job of the Federal Executive, Brookings Institute, 1958 G 5 Burns, James MacGregor, The Deadlock of Democracy, Prentice Hall, 1964 G 6 Committee for Economic Development, Modernizing Local Government to Secure a Balanced Federalism, New York, 1966 G 7 Committee on the Judiciary of the United States Senate, Nomination of Warren E. Burger,- June 1969 G8 Elli.s, Richard E., The Jeffersonian Crisis, Courts and Politics in the Young Republic, Oxford University Press, New York 1971 G 9 Greenstein, Fred I., The American Party System and the American People, Prentice Hall, 1963 G 10 The Federalist Papers, Hamilton, Jay, Madisop., New York G 11 Herzberg, Donald G., and Unruh, Jess, Essays on the State Legislative Process, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York, 1970 G 11.1 Kilpatrick, Franklin P., Cummings, Milton C., and Jennings, M. Kent, The Image of the Federal Service, Brookings Institute, 1964 G 12 Pritchett, C. Herman, and Westin, Alan F., The Third Branch, 8 Cases in Constitutional Politics, Harcourt Brace, New York 1963 G 13 Riker, William A., Democracy in the United States, MacMillian, New York 1953 G 14 Sanford, Terry, Storm Over the States, McGraw Hill, New York 1967 E-13 2 19 G 15 Shapiro, Martin, The Supreme Court and Administrative Agencies, Fr& Press, New York 1968 G 16 Stanley, David T., The Higher Civil Service, Brookings Institute, 1944 G 17 Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives, Departments of State, Justice and Commerce, the Judiciary, and Related xgencies: Appropriations for 1967 G 18 Subcommittee on Separation of Powers of the Committee on the Judiciary of the United States Senate, Separation of Powers and the Independent Agencies: Cases and Selected Readings, 1969 G 19 Udell, Gilman G., Civil Service Preference, Retirement and Salary Classification- Laws, 1960 G 20 Westin, Alan F., The Uses of Powers, Seven Cases in American Politics, Harcourt Brace, New York 1962 G 21 1611, Peter, American Bureaucracy, W.W. Norton & Co., New York 1963 . 8-14 220 ICM COURT STUDIES I1 A-- Comparison---- of Civil Calendar_____ Management- - - -- in----- Boston, -- - I Detroit, and %linneapolis, by Maureen Solomon, June 1971 LEAA 12 Comparison of Felony Processing in Cleveland, Denver,- Houston, by Donald E. Fuller, June 1971 LEAA I3 Study of Felony Processing- --.--~ ---I.- in Denver~ --__Countland _.__ Denver District Courts, by Donald E. Fuller, Ted Rubin, Harvey Solomon, and James D. Thomas, June 1971 LEAA I4 Allen Superior-~_- Court Organization- ___I__- .-I.- and__ Management._ - _- .Study, Part I, by Harvey Solomon and Ellis Pettigrew, Dec., 1971 Contract I5 Analysis of the Civil ---Calendaring ------Procedures of the Third Judicial Circuit Court, by Peter I-Iaynes, June 1970 LEAA I6 Colorado Records ManaqeEent Project, Interim .-- Report, by William L. Whittaker, June 1911 LEAA I7 Court Executive Trainin9 Proqram Des&=- :poxmentation_- of First Training Effort: Institute for Court Management", by GeoFgrey S. Gallas, 1970 18 Court of Common Pleas, PJbiladelphia, Pennsylv-azjg, Personnel S stems Stud , by John E. Woods, March 1972 Contract I9 Court Manaqement Study of Harris County Criminal- District - Courts, by H. Paul Haynes, June 1971 LEAA I10 Court Manaqement Stydy , Wayne CSggty--Circuit--and Superior Court, by Ellis D. Pettigrew, Harvey E. Solomon, April 1972, Contract I11 DescriRtive Analysis of Court Operations PgLor to December 1, 1971, Part 11, Allen County, Indiana,._I- by Harvey Solomon and Ellis Pettigrew Contract I12 The Felony Processinq System, Cuyahoqa Coun-ty, Ohio, by Ted Rubin, June 1971 LEAA I13 Final Report on Texas Prototype, by Donald E. Fuller, Eric Pringle and Nancy Hall, May 1972 Contract I14 pnnepin County, Municipal Court, Descriptive Analysis,.-- by Michael Hall, June 1970 LEAA 11s Fanaqement Survey, Clerk's Offices, 16th and 21st Judicial Circuits, State of Missouri, by William L. Whittaker Joseph Jordan, June 1971 LEAA J8-*1f5 221 I16 Missouri State-Wide Uniform Court Information Svstem Project, Circuit Court Phase, by William L. Whittaker, Joseph C. Jordan, Jr., and W. Wayne Buckner, June 1971, LEAA I17 qrobation Services in the Denver Metropolitan Area, by James D. Thomas, Oct., 1971, LEAA I18 Report on the Management of the Ventura County Courts, Volume I Volume I1 Volume I11 Ernest C. Friesen, Jr., Peter Lopez, George Kershaw, and. 14aurice Geiger, 1972 Cdntract 1'1 9 Studv of Calendar Manaqement Practices in the mode Island ~ Superior Court, Phase I: Analysis and Recommendations . by David Campbell, Robert McKeever, Philip Sinsky, Maureen Solomon and Robert Tobin, Feb., 1972, Contract I20 -_Study of Civil Calendar, Manasement System in the District Court of Hennepin County (Minneapolis, Minn. ) by Keith Boyum, June 1971, LEAA .I21 Study of the Civil Calendar Management System in the Massachusetts Superior Court of Suffolk County --lBoston), by Jerome Berg, June 1971 I22 Qeport'to the Philadelphia Citizen's Committee on Municipal ,and Common Pleas Court Operations , by George -K-&r-sXaGT August, 1971, LEAA .. -. -. -. .. . -.'. .. .- .. -. .. E-16. 222 THE COURTS, JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATIOM AND THE JUDICIAL PROCESS J1 Abraham, Henry J. , The Judicial Process, N.Y. : Oxford Univ. 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Knopf, N.Y., 1968 L5 Bloom, Murray Teigh, The Trouble with Lawyers, Simon and Schuster, N.Y., 1968 L6 Clark, David G., and Hutchinson, Earl R., Editors Mass Media and the- Law, Freedom and Restraipt,--- Wiley-Interscience, N.Y., 1$7g L7 The Constitution of the United States-- L8 Countryman, Vern, and Finman, Ted, The Lawyer in T4odern Society, Little, Brown and Co,, Boston, 1966 L9 Frank, P. John, American Law, The Case for Radical Reform,.,- The Macmillan Co., N.Y., 1969 L10 Grossman, Joel B., Lawyers and Judges, The ABA and the politics of Judicial Selection, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., N.Y., 1965 L11 Howard, Charles G., Summers, Robert S., Law, Its Nature,-- Functions, and Limits, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1965 L112 Kelso, Charles D., ,A Proq_r_amed Introductiop to the 3tudy of Law, Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis, 1968 L13 McCord, John H., With All Deliberate Speed, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1969 L14 Mellinhoff, David, The Language of Law, Little, Brown, and Co., 1963 L15 Patterson, Bdwin W., Jurisprudence, Men and Ideas of the--- Law, The Foundation Press, Brooklyn, 1353 L16 Patterson, Edwin W., Law in a Scientific Aqe, Columbia .- University Press, N.Y. , 1963 L17 Pound, Roscoe, Law Finding Through Experience -and -, -, Reason University of Georgia Press, Athens, 1960 E-29 235 L18 Rosenblatt, Stanley, Justice Denied, Nash Publishing, L.A.1 1971 L19 Shapiro, Irving, -Dictionary of Legal Terms, Gould Press, N.Y., 1969 L2 0 Shientag, Bernard L.,, Moulders of Legal Thought, The Viking Press, N.Y., 1943 L21 Stone, Julius, Legal Education and Public Responsibility, Association of American Law Schools, 1959 L22 Strong, Kline O., A Scholastic Apbroach to--~-- Law Firm Management, American Press, Salt Lake, 1971 L23 Swindler,.William F., Court and Constitution in the~~ 20th Century, The Old Legality, 1889-1932, Bobbs- 9.~;4-1_.__ - . __ . Merrill, Indianapolis, 1 L2 4 Wechsler, Herbert, The Nationalization of Civil Liberties and Civil Rights, University of Texas at Austin, 1968 L25 The Dartmouth College Case and The Public Private Penumbra, University of Texas at Austin L26 Vanderbilt, Arthur T,. , The Challenge of Law Reform, Princeton University Press, 1955 L27 Winters, Glenn R.’, Bar Association Organization and Activities, The Lord Baltimore Press, 1951 L2 8 Wyzanski, Charles E., Jr., The New Meaning of Justice, Fssays in Judqment, Ethics, and The Law, Bantam Books, N.Y., 1965 L29 Yegge, Robert B. , New Careers in Law, University of Denver College of Law, 1969 L30 Yegge, Robert B., New Careers in Law: Part 11, University of Denver College of Law, 1969 E-30 23 6 LAW ENFORCEMENT LE 1 Becker, Harold K., and Felkenes, George T., Law Enforcement: A Selected Biblioqraphy, The Scarecrow Press, Inc., Metuchen, N.J., 1968 LE 2 Eldefonso, Edward, Coffey, Alan and Grace, Richard C., Principles of Law Enforcemeqt, John Wiley and Sons, NTY., 196a LE 3 Hopkins, Ernest Jerome, Our Lawless Police, A _-Study-of -. the Unlawful Enforcem<-cEr%fi<--%aw,-__---- The Viking Press, N; Ye;-;T93T LE 4 McIntyre, Donald PI., Jr., Law Enforcement in the Metropolis, __ -_--__-- -I-- Ame r i can Bar Found ati onFChig@oT--€9 6 '7 LE 5 Niederhoffer, Arthur, Behind._____-~--~- the Shield, The -Police --_ in Urban Society, Anchor Books, Garden City, 1969-- LE 6 Office of Management and Organization, Bureau of the Budget, Survey--- of Federal----- LSJ Enforcement Training Facilities, Revised Draft, 1967 LE 7 Schwartz, Louis B., and Goldstein, Stephen R., --Law Enforcement Handbook for____ Police, .--- West Publishing Co. I St. Paul, 1970 LE 8 Walker, Daniel, Rights in Conflict, The Walker Rep-o.r-t, - ______.___lll__.._l_ ____.__.___I_._ ~ Bantam Books, N.Y.r 1968 E-31 237 MANAGEMENT- Budget and Finance Man 1 The Budget of the 1J.S. Government, 1968, U.S. Government Printing Off ice. Man 2 Cohen, Kalman J., and Cyert, Richard M., Theory of the Firm: Resource Allocation in a Varket Economy, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1965 .Man 3 Danhof, Clarence H., Government Contracting and Techno- logical Change, Washington, D.C., The Brookings Institution, 1968 Man 4 Dorfrnan, Robert, Ed., Measuring Benefits of Government Investments, Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1965 Man 5 Heller, Walter W., New Dimensions of Political Economics,-- Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966 Man 6 Lyden, Fremont J., and Miller, Ernest G., Ed., Planninq- Programming Budgeting: A Systems Approach to Man- agement; Chicago: Markham Publishing Company, 1968 Man 7 Maxwell, James A., Financing State and Local Governments, Revised Edition, Washington D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1969 Man 8 Novick, David, Ed., Program Budgeting, Program Analysis and the FederalBudget , Cambridge : Harvard Univer- sity. ~ <--Press, - 1965 Man 9 Wildovsky, Aaron, The Politics of the Budgeting Process, Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1964 Dynamics of Human and Organizational Behavior Man 10 Andrews, Kenneth R., Ed., The Case Method of Teaching Human Relations and Administration, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1960 Man 11 Argyris, Chris, Personality and Organization, the Con- flict Between System and the Individual, New York: Harper & Row, 1957 Man 12 Argyris, Chris, Understanding Organizational Behavior, Homewood, Illinois: The Dorsey Press, 1960 E-3.2 238 ' lies of Inc., 1971 n 13 Athos, Anthony G., Coffrey, Robert E., Behavior in Organizations: A Multidimensional View, Englewood The Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1968 - : The n 14 Banton, Michael, Roles, An Introduction to the Study of Social Relations, New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1965 The I_ The n 15 Bass, Bernard Y., Organizational Psychology, Boston, Allyn and Bacon, 1965 n 16 Bennis, Warren G., Schein, Edgar H., Leadership and Logy of Motivation, Essays of Douglas McGregor, Cambridge: Che Free The M.I.T. Press, 1966 n 17 Bennis, Warren G., Schein, Edgar H., Steele, Fred I., and ity : Rerlew, David E., Ed., Interpersonal Dynamics, Essays and Readings on Human Interaction, Homewood, Illinois: The Dorsey Press and Nobleton, Ontario: 2r and Irwin-Dorsey, Ltd., Revised, 1968 ic Rooks, n 18 Bernard, Berelson, and Steiner, Gary A., Human Behavior, An Inventory of Scientific Find-ings, New York: ? s y c ho 1og y Harcourt, Brace and World, 1964 Sons, Inc. n 19 Caplow, Theodore, Principles of Organization, New York: Illinois: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., 1964 n 20 Collins, Barry E., and Guetzkow, Harold, A Social Psych- ology of Group Process for Decision Making; New Introduc- Organi- York: John Wiley & Sons, 1964 iversi ty n 21 Cooper, C.L., and Mangham, I.L., Ed., T-Groups, A Survey of Research;- London; New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1971 -s, Chicago: n 22 Davis, Keith, Human Relations in Business; Mew York: Research McGraw-Hiil Book Co., 1957 c_ w York: n 23 Etzioni, Amitai, Modern Organizations; Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1964 lic Ad- n 24 Fiedler, Fred E., A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness, , 1965 New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1967 An Analysis n 25 Gardner, Burleigh Bo, Moore, David G., Human Relations 1962 in Industry;- Chicago: Richard D. Irwin, Revised 1950 E-33 239 Man 39 Reeves, Elton T., The Dymanics of Group Behavior; American Management Association, Inc., 1970 Man 40 Rose, Arnold M., Ed., Human Behavior and Social Processe An Interactionist Approach; Boston: Eoughton Yiffl Co., 1962 Man 41 Russell, Bertrand, Authority and the Individual; New Yor AMs Press, 1968 Plan 42 Scott, Wm. G., Human Relations in i”1anagement; A Cehav- ioral Science Approach, Philosophy, Analysis, and Issues’; Homewood, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin, Inc. 1962 Man’ 43 Stagner, Rossf compiled byf The Dimensions of Human Con- flict: The Franklin Memorial Lectures, Vol. 15; Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1967 Man 44 Tannenbaum, Robert, Weschler, Irving R., and Massarik, Fred, Leadership and Organization, A Behavioral Science Approach; New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. , 1961 Man 45 Vroom, Victor H., Ed., Methods of Organizational Researc University of Pittsburgh Press, 1967 4 Man 46 Weiss, Paul A. , Hierarchically Organized Systems in Theory and Practj-ce; New York: Hafner Publishing Co., 1971 Man 47 Whyte, Wm. H., Jr., The Organization Man, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1956 . Man 48 Willings, David, The Human Element in Management; New York: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1969 Man 49 Zaleznik, Abraham, and fioment, David, Casebook on Inter- personal Behavior in Organizations; New York: John Wiley b Sons, Inc., 1964 Man 50 Zaleznik, Abraham, and Moment, David, The Dynamics of. Interpersonal Behavior, New York: John Wiley & Son 1964 Manasement and Technolosv Man 51 Bowden, B.V., Faster Than Thought: New York: Pitman Publishing Company,l964 E-34 240 Man 52 Janda, Kenneth, Data Processinq, Applications to Pol- itical Research, Second Edition, Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern U'niversity Press, 1969 Man 53 Lott, Richard W., Basic Data Processing, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Ball, Inc., 1967 Man 54 McCracken, Daniel D., & Weiss, Harold, & Lee, Tsai-I-Iwa, Programming Business ComDuters; New York: John Wiley' & SQns, 1959 Man 55 Orcutt, Guy H., Greenberger, Martin, Korbel, John, & Riolin, Alice M., Xicroanalysis of Socioeconomic Svstems:a- A Simulation Studv:.A- New York: Harper & Row, 1'961 Man 56 National Academy of Public Administration, A Technology Assessment System for the Executive Branch, \ila%h- ington, D'.C. ,' 1970 Man 57 Simon, Herbert A,, The Shape of Automation For Men & Management; New York: Harper & ROW, 1965 Man 58 vearsley, Iionald & Rirkle, John, Computer Apnlications in Management; Princeton: Brandon Systems Press, 1970 Manaqerial Theory SI Practice Man 59 Argyris, Chris, Integrating the Individual and the Organ- ization: New York:' John Wilev & Sons, 1964 Man 60 Barnard, Chester I., The Functions of the Executive; Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968 Man 61 Beckhard, Richard, Organizational Develonment Strategies & Models; Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1969 Man 62 Bennis, Warren G., Organ Development: Its Nature, Origins and Prospects; Reading, ?lass. : Addi'son- Wesley Pub'. Co,, 1969 Man 63 Blake, Robert R., & Moulton, Jane S., Corporate Excellence Through Grid Organization Development; Houston: Gulf Publishing Co., 1968 Man 64 Blake, Roberk R., and Moulton, .Jane S., The Managerial -Grid; Houston: Gulf Publishing Co;, 1964 E-35 24 1 Man 65 Blake, Robert R., Shepard, Herbert A., & Moulton, Jane Si, Managing Intergroup Conflict In Industry; I Houston: ml?ublisfiing Co., 1964 Man 66 3 Qroaded, Charley H., Essentials of Management for Super- visors; New Yorlc: Harper & Row, 1947 Man 67 Buckingham, Walker, Automation, Its Impact on Business and People; New-York: Harper & Row, 1961 Man 68 Campbell, John P. , Dunnette, Marvin D. , et. a1 . , pllanager- ial Behavior, Performance & Effectiveness; New York: ?4cGraw-Nill, 1970 f4an 69 Crozier,, Michel, The Bureaucratic Phenomenon; The Univer- sity of Chicago Press, 1964 Man 70 Dowling, Wm. F., & Sayles, Leonard R.,' How Yanagers Vot- ivate: The Imperatives of Supervision; New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971 Man 71 Durcker, Peter F., Managing for Results; New York: Harper & Row, 1964 Man 72 Gellerman. Saul M, , ;?lotivation and Productivity; -%-nerican Management Association;' Vail-Ballon Press, 1963 Man 73 Golembiewski, Robert T., & Gibson, Frank IC,, Ed., Planager- ial Behavior and Organization Demands : Yanaqement as a Linking of Levels of Interaction; Chicago: Rand McNally & 'Co., 1967 Man 74 Golembiewski, Robert T., Ed., Perspectives on Public Man- agement Cases and Learning Designs; Itasca, Illinois: F.E. Peacock Publishers, Inc., 1968 Man 75 Haire, Mason, Ed.., Organizational Theory in Industrial Practice; New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1962 Man 76 Haire, Mason, Psychology in Management; New York : YcGraw Hill, 1964, Second Edition Man 77. Innovation, "A Portfolio of Management Styles:' Reprint Man 78 Jones, Reginald L., & Trentin, H. George, Yanagement Con- trols for Professional Firms; Binghamton, New York: Vail-Ballon Press, Inc., 1968 Man 79 Knudson, Harry R., Jr., and Gustafson, David P., Xanaqe- ment of Human Resources: Concepts for Developing Nations; Reading, ?lass. : Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1967 ' E-36 242 Man 80 Lawrence, Paul R., and Seiler, John A., et ... al., Organizational Behavior and Administration, Revised. Edition; Homewood, Illinois: The 'Dorsey Press, 1965 Man 81 Likert, Rensis, New Patterns of Management; New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961 Man 82 Lippitt, Gordon L., Organizational Renewal: New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1969 Man 83 Litterer, Joseph A., Organizations: Structure and-- Ge-- havior, Vol. 1, -83, Second Edition; New York: John'Wiley & Sons, 1969 Man 84 Litterer, Jqseph A., Systems, Control and Adaptation, Vol. 11, 1969; New Yorl;: John Wiley & Sons Man 85 Livingstone, John L., Management Planning and Control: Mathematical Models; New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970 Xan 86 Maier, Norman R.F., Psychology in Industry, 3rd Edition; Boston: Houqhton Mifflin Co., 1965 Man 87 IJlarx, Fritz Morstein, The Administrative State; Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1957 Man 88 Maslow, Abraham H., Eupsycian Yanagement: A Journal; Homewood, Illinois: Richa'rd D. Irwin, and the Dorsey Press, 1965 Man 8 9 McGregor, Caroline and Bennis, Warren G., Ed., The Pro- fefssional Manager; New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967 Man 9Q McGregor, Douglas, The Human Side of Enterprise; New York: McGraw-Hill, 1960 Man 9 1 Oppenheim, A.N., Questionnaire Design and Attitude Measure- ment; New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1966 Man 92 Pfiffner, John M., & Sherwood, Frank P., Administrative Organization; Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1960 Man 93 Roy, Robert H., The Administrative Process; Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1958 Man 94 Rush, Harold M.F., Behavioral Science Concepts & Manage- ment Application; New York:- National Industrial Conference Board, 1969 E-37 243 Man 95 Sayles, Leonard, Managerial- Behavior; New York: McGraw- Hill, 1964 Man 96 Sayles, Leonard, "Whatever Happened to Management? or Why the Dull Stepchild?" Reprint; Business Horizons,- 1970 Man 97 Schein, Edgar H., Process Consultation: Its Role in --Organizational Development; Xeading, Mass.: Addison- Wesley- Pub. Co., 1969 Man 98 Sherman, Harvey, It All Depends, A Pragmatic Approach to Organization; Universlwabama Press, 1966 Man 99 Simon, Herbert A., Administrative Behavior, Third Edition; New York: The Free Press, 1957 . Man 100 Sielaff, Theodore J., and Aberle, John W.-, Introduction to Business and Study Guide; Third Edition; Instruc- tor's Manual; Belmont, California: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1969 Man 101 Sielaff, Herbert A., A Study Guide for Introduction to Business, American EnterDrise in Action, Third Edition; Belmont California: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1969 Ma'n io2 Sielaff, Theodore J., Introduction to Business; American Enterprise in Action; Belmont, California: Wads- worth Pub. Co., 1969 Ma-n 103 Springer, Clifford, Herliky, Robert E., et. al., Basic Mathematics, Homewood, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1965 Man 104 Stanley, David T., Changing Administrations; Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 196'5 Man 105 Webb, James E., Space Age Management; The Large-Scale Approach; New York: NcGraw-Hill, 1969 Man 106 Whyte, Wm. Foote, Organizational Behavior Theory and Application; Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., & Georgetown, Ontario: Irwin-Dorsey, Ltd., 196 Personnel Man 107 American Management Association, Inc., The Personnel Yan and His Job, New York, 1962 . E-38 244 Man 108 American Management Association, Justifying the Personnel Program, Personnel Series No. 160; Costs-Budgets 6; Evaluation, New York: 1954 Nan 109 Bassett, Glenn, & Weatherbee, Harvard Y. I Personnel Systems and Data Yanagement; New York: American Management Association, Inc., 1971 !Ian 110 Beach, Dale S., Persoanel: The '4anagement of People at Work; New York: "The !lacmillan Company, 1965 Man 111 Beaumont, Henry, Psychology Applied to Personnel; New York: Longmans, Green & Company, 1946 Man 112 Beaumont, Richard A., & Helfgott, Roy B., Management, Automation, and People; Brattleboro, Vermont: The Book Press', 1964 Man 113 Bellows, Roger, Psychology of Personnel in Business and Industry, Third Edition: Englewood Cliffs: Prentice- nc.,1961 Man 114 Calhoon, Richard P., Managing Personnel; New York: Har- per & ROW, 1963 Man 115 Calhoon, Richard P., et. al., Cases on Human Relations- in Management; New York: PlcGraw-Hill, 1958 Man 116 'Chruden, Herbert J., & Sherman, Arthur W., Jr., Readings in Personnel Management; Cincinnati: South-Western Publishing'company, 1961 Man 117 Desatnick, Robert L., Innovative Human Resource Manage- ment;- New York: American Management Association, 197; Man 118 Dexter!;, Lewis Anthony, Elite & Specialized Interviewing; Evanston: Northwest University Press, 1970 Man' 119 Dunnette, Marvin D., Personnel Selection and Placement; Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1966 Man 120 Flippo, Edwin B., Principles of Personnel Management; New York: McGraw-Hill , 1961 Man 121 Gellerman, Saul W., Motivation & ProdgctivitK New York: American Management Association, Inc., 1963 E-39 '245 ' Man 122 Glover, John D., and Hower, Ralph M., The Administrator, Cases on Human Relations in Business, Homewood, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., Third Edition, 1957 Man 123 Goode, Cecil E., Personnel______-__-______Research- Frontiers; Chicago: Public Personnel Association, 1958 Man 124 Halsey, George D., Handbook of Personnel--~- Yanaq_ement, - New York: HarF'er & Row, 1947. Man 125 Heckmann, 1. L. , and Huneryager , S .G. , Management--__-- -of the Personnel Function, Columbus: Charles E. Merrill, 1962 Man 126 The International City Manager's Association, MunicQal-- __-l-_-l-ll- Personnel hdministratj.on,I_- -- Sixth Edition, Chicago: The International City blanager' s Association, 1960- Man 127 Institute of The Training Officers.Conference, , The Future of Employee Developcent-, Washington, D.C., 1961 Man 128 Jucius, Michael J., Personnel Management,--- Homewood, Ill. : Richard D. Ilcwin, 1959 Man 129 Kindall, Alva F., Personnel Administration,______ Principles and Cases,I. Revised, Homewood, . Ill.: Richard D. Irwin, 1964 Man 130 Knudson, Harry R., Jr., Human Elements- of Administration, Cases, Readings, Simylation Ex-er-CLs-e-5; New York: Kolt, Rinehardt, & Winston, 1963 Man 13L Leavitt, Harold J., Managerial____ - Psgchoc-ogy-,- Second Edition; Chicago: The Univeristy of Chicago Press, 1964 Man 132 Yandell, Milton 14. , The' Selection Process, Choosi-ng-Ithe Right Man for the Job; New York: American Manage- ment Association, 1964 Man 133 Martino, R.L., Personnel Management--. Systems; Wayne,____ Penn- sylvania: Management Development Institute, 1969 Man 134 McFarland, Dalton E., Personnel Manasement: Theory an$ Practice; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1968 E-40 246 Man 135 National- ~ Industrial Conference Board, Forms and Records in.. -__ Personnel _-_-_ Administration;- --. New York: National In2ustrial Conference Board, Inc., 1960 Man 136 Odiorne, George S., Personnel Policy: Issues and Prac- __tices; ___ Columbus: Charles E. Plerrill Books, Inc., 1963 Man 137 The Personnel Policy Committee, Task Force Report on Eederal Personnel, Appendix A; Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1949 Man 138 Pfiffner, John M., & Sherwood, Frank P., Administrative Orqanization;- Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1960 Personnel Administra- Man 139 Pigors I Paul I and Myers Charles A ___._____..______..__I___.__.____ tion, a Point of View and a yethod, Second Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1951 Man 140 Stahl, 0. Glenn, The Perso-nnel Job of Gov-zunent Ya-na- qers; Chicago: Public Personnel Association,l971 Man 141 Strauss, George, and Sayles, Leonard R., Personnel, the- ----Human Problems of Management;-___ Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-€lall, Inc., 1960 Man 142 Wilson, N.A.B., Ed., Manpower Research: -London: -_- The English Universities Press, Ltd., 1969 Man 143 Yoder, Dale, Personnel Principles & Policies, Modern___ _. Mqnpower Management,,Second Edition, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1959 Man 144 Zaleznik, Abraham & Moment, David, The-_ Dynamics--. of Inter- personal Behavior;- New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1964 E-41 '247 POLITICS AND THE JUDICIARY P1 Glick, Henry Robert, &preme Courts in State Politics. An Investigation of the Judicial Role, Basic Books, N.Y., 1971 . P2 Goldman, Sheldon and Jahnige, Thomas P., The Federal Courts as a Political System, Harper and ROW, N.Y., 1971 P3 Klonoski, James R. , Mendelsohn, Robert I. , Editors The Politics of Local Justice, Little, Brown and Co., Boston, 1970 P4 Richardson, Richard J., and Vines, Kenneth N., The Politics of Federal Courts Lower Courts in 'the U.S., Little, Brown' and Co., Boston, 1970 P5 Watson, Richard A,, and Downing, Ronda1 G., The Politics of the Bench and The Bar, John Wiley and Sons, N.Y., 1969 E-42 248