Cisco Telepresence MCU 4.4 MR1 Open Source Documentation
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UNIX and Computer Science Spreading UNIX Around the World: by Ronda Hauben an Interview with John Lions
Winter/Spring 1994 Celebrating 25 Years of UNIX Volume 6 No 1 "I believe all significant software movements start at the grassroots level. UNIX, after all, was not developed by the President of AT&T." Kouichi Kishida, UNIX Review, Feb., 1987 UNIX and Computer Science Spreading UNIX Around the World: by Ronda Hauben An Interview with John Lions [Editor's Note: This year, 1994, is the 25th anniversary of the [Editor's Note: Looking through some magazines in a local invention of UNIX in 1969 at Bell Labs. The following is university library, I came upon back issues of UNIX Review from a "Work In Progress" introduced at the USENIX from the mid 1980's. In these issues were articles by or inter- Summer 1993 Conference in Cincinnati, Ohio. This article is views with several of the pioneers who developed UNIX. As intended as a contribution to a discussion about the sig- part of my research for a paper about the history and devel- nificance of the UNIX breakthrough and the lessons to be opment of the early days of UNIX, I felt it would be helpful learned from it for making the next step forward.] to be able to ask some of these pioneers additional questions The Multics collaboration (1964-1968) had been created to based on the events and developments described in the UNIX "show that general-purpose, multiuser, timesharing systems Review Interviews. were viable." Based on the results of research gained at MIT Following is an interview conducted via E-mail with John using the MIT Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS), Lions, who wrote A Commentary on the UNIX Operating AT&T and GE agreed to work with MIT to build a "new System describing Version 6 UNIX to accompany the "UNIX hardware, a new operating system, a new file system, and a Operating System Source Code Level 6" for the students in new user interface." Though the project proceeded slowly his operating systems class at the University of New South and it took years to develop Multics, Doug Comer, a Profes- Wales in Australia. -
Ifdef Considered Harmful, Or Portability Experience with C News Henry Spencer – Zoology Computer Systems, University of Toronto Geoff Collyer – Software Tool & Die
#ifdef Considered Harmful, or Portability Experience With C News Henry Spencer – Zoology Computer Systems, University of Toronto Geoff Collyer – Software Tool & Die ABSTRACT We believe that a C programmer’s impulse to use #ifdef in an attempt at portability is usually a mistake. Portability is generally the result of advance planning rather than trench warfare involving #ifdef. In the course of developing C News on different systems, we evolved various tactics for dealing with differences among systems without producing a welter of #ifdefs at points of difference. We discuss the alternatives to, and occasional proper use of, #ifdef. Introduction portability problems are repeatedly worked around rather than solved. The result is a tangled and often With UNIX running on many different comput- impenetrable web. Here’s a noteworthy example ers, vaguely UNIX-like systems running on still more, from a popular newsreader.1 See Figure 1. Observe and C running on practically everything, many peo- that, not content with merely nesting #ifdefs, the ple are suddenly finding it necessary to port C author has #ifdef and ordinary if statements (plus the software from one machine to another. When differ- mysterious IF macros) interweaving. This makes ences among systems cause trouble, the usual first the structure almost impossible to follow without impulse is to write two different versions of the going over it repeatedly, one case at a time. code—one per system—and use #ifdef to choose the appropriate one. This is usually a mistake. Furthermore, given worst case elaboration and nesting (each #ifdef always has a matching #else), Simple use of #ifdef works acceptably well the number of alternative code paths doubles with when differences are localized and only two versions each extra level of #ifdef. -
Usenet News HOWTO
Usenet News HOWTO Shuvam Misra (usenet at starcomsoftware dot com) Revision History Revision 2.1 2002−08−20 Revised by: sm New sections on Security and Software History, lots of other small additions and cleanup Revision 2.0 2002−07−30 Revised by: sm Rewritten by new authors at Starcom Software Revision 1.4 1995−11−29 Revised by: vs Original document; authored by Vince Skahan. Usenet News HOWTO Table of Contents 1. What is the Usenet?........................................................................................................................................1 1.1. Discussion groups.............................................................................................................................1 1.2. How it works, loosely speaking........................................................................................................1 1.3. About sizes, volumes, and so on.......................................................................................................2 2. Principles of Operation...................................................................................................................................4 2.1. Newsgroups and articles...................................................................................................................4 2.2. Of readers and servers.......................................................................................................................6 2.3. Newsfeeds.........................................................................................................................................6 -
The Following Paper Was Originally Published in the Proceedings of the Eleventh Systems Administration Conference (LISA ’97) San Diego, California, October 1997
The following paper was originally published in the Proceedings of the Eleventh Systems Administration Conference (LISA ’97) San Diego, California, October 1997 For more information about USENIX Association contact: 1. Phone: 510 528-8649 2. FAX: 510 548-5738 3. Email: [email protected] 4. WWW URL:http://www.usenix.org Shuse At Two: Multi-Host Account Administration Henry Spencer – SP Systems ABSTRACT The Shuse multi-host account administration system [1] is now two years old, and clearly a success. It is managing a user population of 20,000+ at Sheridan College, and a smaller but more demanding population at a local ‘‘wholesaler ’’ ISP, Cancom. This paper reviews some of the experiences along the way, and attempts to draw some lessons from them. Shuse: Outline and Status After some trying moments early on, Shuse is very clearly a success. In mid-autumn 1996, Sheridan Shuse [1] is a multi-host account administration College’s queue of outstanding help-desk requests was system designed for large user communities (tens of two orders of magnitude shorter than it had been in thousands) on possibly-heterogeneous networks. It previous years, despite reductions in support man- adds, deletes, moves, renames, and otherwise adminis- power. Favorable comments were heard from faculty ters user accounts on multiple servers, with functional- who had never previously had anything good to say ity generally similar to that of Project Athena’s Ser- about computing support. However, there was natu- vice Management System [2]. rally still a wishlist of desirable improvements. Shuse uses a fairly centralized architecture. All At around the same time, ex-Sheridan people user/sysadmin requests go to a central daemon were involved in getting Canadian Satellite Communi- (shused) on a central server host, via gatekeeper pro- cations Inc. -
Advanced Tcl E D
PART II I I . A d v a n c Advanced Tcl e d T c l Part II describes advanced programming techniques that support sophisticated applications. The Tcl interfaces remain simple, so you can quickly construct pow- erful applications. Chapter 10 describes eval, which lets you create Tcl programs on the fly. There are tricks with using eval correctly, and a few rules of thumb to make your life easier. Chapter 11 describes regular expressions. This is the most powerful string processing facility in Tcl. This chapter includes a cookbook of useful regular expressions. Chapter 12 describes the library and package facility used to organize your code into reusable modules. Chapter 13 describes introspection and debugging. Introspection provides information about the state of the Tcl interpreter. Chapter 14 describes namespaces that partition the global scope for vari- ables and procedures. Namespaces help you structure large Tcl applications. Chapter 15 describes the features that support Internationalization, includ- ing Unicode, other character set encodings, and message catalogs. Chapter 16 describes event-driven I/O programming. This lets you run pro- cess pipelines in the background. It is also very useful with network socket pro- gramming, which is the topic of Chapter 17. Chapter 18 describes TclHttpd, a Web server built entirely in Tcl. You can build applications on top of TclHttpd, or integrate the server into existing appli- cations to give them a web interface. TclHttpd also supports regular Web sites. Chapter 19 describes Safe-Tcl and using multiple Tcl interpreters. You can create multiple Tcl interpreters for your application. If an interpreter is safe, then you can grant it restricted functionality. -
Freebsd Developers' Handbook
FreeBSD Developers’ Handbook The FreeBSD Documentation Project FreeBSD Developers’ Handbook by The FreeBSD Documentation Project Published August 2000 Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 The FreeBSD Documentation Project Welcome to the Developers’ Handbook. This manual is a work in progress and is the work of many individuals. Many sections do not yet exist and some of those that do exist need to be updated. If you are interested in helping with this project, send email to the FreeBSD documentation project mailing list (http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-doc). The latest version of this document is always available from the FreeBSD World Wide Web server (http://www.FreeBSD.org/index.html). It may also be downloaded in a variety of formats and compression options from the FreeBSD FTP server (ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/) or one of the numerous mirror sites (http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html). Redistribution and use in source (SGML DocBook) and ’compiled’ forms (SGML, HTML, PDF, PostScript, RTF and so forth) with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code (SGML DocBook) must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer as the first lines of this file unmodified. 2. Redistributions in compiled form (transformed to other DTDs, converted to PDF, PostScript, RTF and other formats) must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -
A Short UNIX History How Our Culture Created Linux
A Short UNIX History or How Our Culture Created Linux Clement T. Cole Witch Doctor Compaq [email protected] A UNIX Family History RIG CMU CMU CMU CMU OSF1 Tru64 Linux Accent Mach Mach Mach Linux . 1.X Other Players 2.5 3.0 99 Minix Multics Idris BBN GNU C 386/BSD FreeBSD Generic TCP/IP Net 2.0 Net 1.0 4BSD 4.1A UCB BSD 2BSD 3BSD 4.1BSD 4.2BSD 4.3BSD 4.3Tahoe 4.3Reno 4.4BSD Research X Windows X 10 X 11 32V 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th Ed Ed Ed Ed Ed Ed Ed Ed Ed Ed NT/OS2 NT/Win PWB PWB/UNIX PWB 1.0 PWB 2.0 Sys III Sys V Sys V. SVR3 SVR4 SVR4/ 2 ESMP µSoft/SCO µSoft/Xenix SCO/Xenix SCO/UNIX UNIXWARE ‘72 ‘73 ‘74 ‘75 ‘76 ‘77 ‘78 ‘79 ‘80 ‘81 ‘82 ‘83 ‘84 ‘85 ‘86 ‘87 ‘88 ‘89 ‘90 ‘91 ‘92 ‘93 Clem Cole Themes ◆ Something new is really something old. ◆ The Open Source Culture predates UNIX and Linux. ◆ Evolution is good. ◆ Fighting is not always bad, but learn when it’s good enough and stop fighting. Clem Cole Agenda ◆ Technical History ◆ Legal History ◆ What it all means Clem Cole A Word on Engineers “Good programmers write good programs. Great programmers start and build upon other great programmer’s work.” Unknown origin, often attributed to Fred Brooks. Clem Cole Multics ◆ MULTiplexed Information and Computing Service ❖ or “Many Unbelievably Large Tables In Core Simultaneously.” ❖ Actually very cool system, see: The Multics system; an Examination of its Structure, Elliott I. -
Bskyb Hq001 Ethan 3.47
Open Source Used In ETHAN UK HQ001 3.47 Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com Cisco has more than 200 offices worldwide. Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are listed on the Cisco website at www.cisco.com/go/offices. Text Part Number: 78EE117C99-119831768 Open Source Used In ETHAN UK HQ001 3.47 1 This document contains licenses and notices for open source software used in this product. With respect to the free/open source software listed in this document, if you have any questions or wish to receive a copy of any source code to which you may be entitled under the applicable free/open source license(s) (such as the GNU Lesser/General Public License), please contact us at [email protected]. In your requests please include the following reference number 78EE117C99-119831768 Contents 1.1 ASN1C 0.9.23 1.1.1 Available under license 1.2 base64.c 1.3 1.2.1 Available under license 1.3 Boost C++ library 1.50 1.3.1 Available under license 1.4 cJSON r40 1.4.1 Available under license 1.5 curl 7.26.0 1.5.1 Available under license 1.6 dhcp 4.1-ESV-R8 1.6.1 Available under license 1.7 dumpasn1 1 1.7.1 Available under license 1.8 expat 2.1.0 1.8.1 Available under license 1.9 ffmpeg 0.11.1 1.9.1 Available under license 1.10 ffmpeg_v2 0.11.1 1.10.1 Available under license 1.11 FreeBSD kernel 8.2 :FreeBSD 8.2 1.11.1 Available under license 1.12 FREETYPE2 2.4.4 1.12.1 Available under license 1.13 jpeg 8c 1.13.1 Notifications Open Source Used In ETHAN UK HQ001 3.47 2 1.13.2 Available under license 1.14 KazLib 1.20 1.14.1 Available under -
27.1 Perl Perl Perl
27 Perl Perl Perl www.perl.org www.perl.com Larry www.wall.org/~larry Perl Perl Perl 27.1 Perl Perl Perl 1986 Larry multilevel-secure wide-area network VAXen Sun 1200-baud Larry rn patch warp Larry feeping creaturism rn patch feeping creaturism feature creep 643 644 Larry rn Larry VAXen Sun Larry B-news Larry news append synchronize RCS Revision Control System news rn Larry Larry awk awk Larry Perl Larry Dan Faigin Larry Mark Biggar Larry Gloria Larry Pearl Perl Larry PEARL Larry Perl Practical Extraction And Report Language Perl pattern matching filehandle scalar format associative array regular expression rn manpage 15 Perl sed awk Perl Usenet 645 Larry Larry Larry Perl Perl Larry Henry Spencer Larry Larry Perl Perl Perl 1.0 1987 12 18 Perl Perl 2.0 1988 6 Randal Schwartz Just Another Perl Hacker 1989 Tom Christiansen Baltimore Usenix Perl Perl 3.0 1989 10 Perl GNU 1990 3 Larry Perl Larry Randal Pink Camel 1991 Perl 4.0 Artistic License GPL Perl 5 1994 10 Perl object module Perl 5 Economist 1995 CPAN Perl 1996 Jon Orwant Perl Journal Blue Camel 1997 O'Reilly Perl (TPC) San Jose, California CPAST Comprehensive Perl Arcana Society Tapestry http://history.perl.org 27.2 Perl 1990 Usenet Larry Black Perl Perl 3 Perl 5 Larry JPL Jet Propulsion Lab Perl Larry O'Reilly & Associates Perl rn Larry Perl rn Larry Perl rn 646 Larry Perl Sharon Hopkins Sharon Perl Usenix Winter 1992 Perl Camels and Needles: Computer Poetry Meets the Perl Programming Language Perl Perl Sharon Economist Guardian #!/usr/bin/perl APPEAL: listen (please, please); open yourself, wide; join (you, me), connect (us,together), tell me. -
July/August 2021
July/August 2021 A Straight Path to the FreeBSD Desktop Human Interface Device (HID) Support in FreeBSD 13 The Panfrost Driver Updating FreeBSD from Git ® J O U R N A L LETTER E d i t o r i a l B o a r d from the Foundation John Baldwin FreeBSD Developer and Chair of ne of the myths surrounding FreeBSD is that it • FreeBSD Journal Editorial Board. is only useful in server environments or as the Justin Gibbs Founder of the FreeBSD Foundation, • President of the FreeBSD Foundation, foundation for appliances. The truth is FreeBSD and a Software Engineer at Facebook. O is also a desktop operating system. FreeBSD’s base sys- Daichi Goto Director at BSD Consulting Inc. tem and packages include device drivers for modern • (Tokyo). graphics adapters and input devices. Consistent with Tom Jones FreeBSD Developer, Internet Engineer FreeBSD’s role as a toolkit, FreeBSD supports a variety • and Researcher at the University of Aberdeen. of graphical interfaces ranging from minimalist window managers to full-featured desktop environments. The Dru Lavigne Author of BSD Hacks and • The Best of FreeBSD Basics. first article in this issue walks through several of these Michael W Lucas Author of more than 40 books including options explaining how users can tailor their desktop • Absolute FreeBSD, the FreeBSD to their needs. It also provides pointers to downstream Mastery series, and git commit murder. projects which build an integrated desktop system on Ed Maste Senior Director of Technology, top of FreeBSD. The next two articles dig into the details • FreeBSD Foundation and Member of the FreeBSD Core Team. -
LICENSES: Azul Zing Licenses and Copyrights the Azul Systems(R
LICENSES: Azul Zing Licenses and Copyrights The Azul Systems(r) Zing(tm) platform runs Java(tm) applications. The Zing product has two components, the Zing Virtual Machine (ZVM) that is a Java Virtual Machine (JVM), and the Zing System Tools (ZST) that manage the elastic and highly scalable, shared memory resources. Azul incorporates some third-party licensed software packages into its products. Some of these may or may not have distribution restrictions and some may have only reporting requirements. This document lists the third-party licensed software packages for all Zing products. Licenses and Copyright Notices GNU General Public Licenses * http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.txt General Lesser Public Licenses * http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt Apache Licenses * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-1.1 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Eclipse Public License * http://www.eclipse.org/licenses/edl-v10.html Auxiliary Copyright Notices In addition to the above licenses, there are numerous copyright notices by individual contributors where the author contributes the code under one of the above licenses, with the requirement that the copyright notices be published. These third-party software licenses are published below. Legal Notices Published August 14, 2020 Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Azul Systems, Inc. 385 Moffett Park Drive, Suite 115, Sunnyvale, CA 94089- 1208. All rights reserved. Azul Systems, the Azul Systems logo, Zulu and Zing are registered trademarks, and ReadyNow! is a trademark of Azul Systems Inc. Java and OpenJDK are trademarks of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliated companies in the United States and other countries. -
POSIX Programmer's Guide Writing Portable UNIX Programs with the POSIX.1 Standard
Page iii POSIX Programmer's Guide Writing Portable UNIX Programs with the POSIX.1 Standard Donald A. Lewine Data General Corporation O'Reilly & Associates, Inc 103 Morris Street, Suite A Sebastopol, CA 95472 Page iv POSIX Programmer's Guide by Donald A. Lewine Editor: Dale Dougherty Copyright © 1991 O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Printing History April 1991: First edition December 1991: Minor corrections. Appendix G added. July 1992: Minor corrections. November 1992: Minor corrections. March 1994: Minor corrections and updates. NOTICE Portions of this text have been reprinted from IEEE Std 1003.1-1988, IEEE Standard Portable Operating System for Computer Environments, copyright © 1988 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., and IEEE Std 1003.1-1990, Information Technology—Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX)—Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language], copyright © 1990 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., with the permission of the IEEE Standards Department. Nutshell Handbook and the Nutshell Handbook logo are registered trademarks of O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O'Reilly and Associates, Inc. was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. Please address comments and questions in care of the publisher: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.