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Life and Work of Friedrich Hirzebruch
Jahresber Dtsch Math-Ver (2015) 117:93–132 DOI 10.1365/s13291-015-0114-1 HISTORICAL ARTICLE Life and Work of Friedrich Hirzebruch Don Zagier1 Published online: 27 May 2015 © Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Abstract Friedrich Hirzebruch, who died in 2012 at the age of 84, was one of the most important German mathematicians of the twentieth century. In this article we try to give a fairly detailed picture of his life and of his many mathematical achievements, as well as of his role in reshaping German mathematics after the Second World War. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010) 01A70 · 01A60 · 11-03 · 14-03 · 19-03 · 33-03 · 55-03 · 57-03 Friedrich Hirzebruch, who passed away on May 27, 2012, at the age of 84, was the outstanding German mathematician of the second half of the twentieth century, not only because of his beautiful and influential discoveries within mathematics itself, but also, and perhaps even more importantly, for his role in reshaping German math- ematics and restoring the country’s image after the devastations of the Nazi years. The field of his scientific work can best be summed up as “Topological methods in algebraic geometry,” this being both the title of his now classic book and the aptest de- scription of an activity that ranged from the signature and Hirzebruch-Riemann-Roch theorems to the creation of the modern theory of Hilbert modular varieties. Highlights of his activity as a leader and shaper of mathematics inside and outside Germany in- clude his creation of the Arbeitstagung, -
Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach History of Mathematics
Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach Report No. 24/2008 History of Mathematics of the Early 20th Century: The Role of Transition Organised by Leo Corry, Tel Aviv, Israel Della Fenster, Richmond, U.S.A. Joachim Schwermer, Vienna, Austria May 25th – May 31st, 2008 Abstract. This conference provided a focused venue to investigate the his- tory of mathematics during a particularly active time in the discipline, that is, roughly between the turn of the 20th century and 1950. Using the lens of transition to explore this vibrant period, mathematicians, historians of math- ematics and historians of science observed and discussed points of connection between the people, places and ideas from fields as seemingly diverse as class field theory, mathematical physics and algebraic geometry, among others. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 01A55, 01A60, 01A85. Introduction by the Organisers This conference provided a focused venue to investigate the history of mathemat- ics during a particularly active time in the discipline, that is, roughly between the turn of the 20th century and 1950. Using the lens of transition to explore this vibrant period, the organizers brought together mathematicians, historians of mathematics and historians of science to explore ideas and offer insights from different perspectives. With this wide range of scholars in attendance, speakers had to give careful thought to the presentation of their work. This extra effort not only yielded a sterling set of talks but also inspired scholars to rethink their own work. The restricted time period revealed an almost unexpected richness in the history of mathematics as the conference participants observed and discussed points of connection between the people, places and ideas from fields as seemingly diverse as class field theory, mathematical physics and algebraic geometry, among others. -
APPLIED MATH TITLES From
Notices of the American Mathematical Society ISSN 0002-9920 springer.com New and Noteworthy of the American Mathematical Society Piecewise-smooth Dynamical Lie Sphere Geometry An Introduction to Bayesian Volume 54, Number 9 2ND October 2007 Systems With Applications to EDITION Scientifi c Computing Theory and Applications Submanifolds Ten Lectures on Subjective Computing M. di Bernardo , University of Bristol, UK; University T. E. Cecil , College of the E. Somersalo , Helsinki University of Technology, of Naples Federico II, Italy; C. Budd , University of Holy Cross, Worcester, MA, USA Helsinki, Finland; D. Calvetti , Case Western Reserve Bath, UK; A. Champneys , University of Bristol, UK; This book provides a modern treatment of Lie’s University, Cleveland, OH, USA P. Kowalczyk , University of Bristol, UK; University of geometry of spheres, its applications and the study This book has been written for undergraduate and Exeter, UK of Euclidean space. It begins with Lie’s construction graduate students in various areas of mathematics This book presents a coherent framework for of the space of spheres, including the fundamental and its applications. It is for students who are understanding the dynamics of piecewise-smooth notions of oriented contact, parabolic pencils of willing to get acquainted with Bayesian approach to and hybrid systems. An informal introduction spheres and Lie sphere transformation. The link with computational science but not necessarily to go expounds the ubiquity of such models via Euclidean submanifold theory is established via the through the full immersion into the statistical numerous. The results are presented in an informal Legendre map. This provides a powerful framework analysis. -
Rational Points on Varieties
GRADUATE STUDIES IN MATHEMATICS 186 Rational Points on Varieties Bjorn Poonen American Mathematical Society 10.1090/gsm/186 Rational Points on Varieties GRADUATE STUDIES IN MATHEMATICS 186 Rational Points on Varieties Bjorn Poonen American Mathematical Society Providence, Rhode Island EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Dan Abramovich Daniel S. Freed (Chair) Gigliola Staffilani Jeff A. Viaclovsky 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 14G05; Secondary 11G35. For additional information and updates on this book, visit www.ams.org/bookpages/gsm-186 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names:Poonen,Bjorn,author. Title: Rational points on varieties / Bjorn Poonen. Description: Providence, Rhode Island : American Mathematical Society, [2017] | Series: Gradu- ate studies in mathematics ; volume 186 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017022803 | ISBN 9781470437732 (alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Rational points (Geometry) | Algebraic varieties. | AMS: Algebraic geometry – Arithmetic problems. Diophantine geometry – Rational points. msc | Number theory – Arithmetic algebraic geometry (Diophantine geometry) – Varieties over global fields. msc Classification: LCC QA564 .P65 2017 | DDC 516.3/5–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017022803 Copying and reprinting. Individual readers of this publication, and nonprofit libraries acting for them, are permitted to make fair use of the material, such as to copy select pages for use in teaching or research. Permission is granted to quote brief passages from this publication in reviews, provided the customary acknowledgment of the source is given. Republication, systematic copying, or multiple reproduction of any material in this publication is permitted only under license from the American Mathematical Society. Permissions to reuse portions of AMS publication content are handled by Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. -
Schwermer the Shaping of Arithmetic After CF Gauss's Disquisitiones
Goldstein · Schappacher · Schwermer The Shaping of Arithmetic after C. F. Gauss’s Disquisitiones Arithmeticae Catherine Goldstein Norbert Schappacher Joachim Schwermer Editors The Shaping of Arithmetic after C. F. Gauss’s Disquisitiones Arithmeticae With 36 Figures 123 Catherine Goldstein Joachim Schwermer Histoire des sciences mathématiques Fakultät für Mathematik Institut de mathématiques de Jussieu Universität Wien 175 rue du Chevaleret Nordbergstraße 15 75013 Paris, France 1090 Wien, Austria E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Norbert Schappacher UFR de mathématique et d’informatique / IRMA 7rueRenéDescartes 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France E-mail: [email protected] Library of Congress Control Number: 2006932291 ISBN 978-3-540-20441-1 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. -
Alexandre Grothendieck 1928–2014, Part 1 Michael Artin, Allyn Jackson, David Mumford, and John Tate, Coordinating Editors
Alexandre Grothendieck 1928–2014, Part 1 Michael Artin, Allyn Jackson, David Mumford, and John Tate, Coordinating Editors n the eyes of many, Alexandre Grothendieck was the most original and most powerful mathematician of the twentieth century. He was also a man with many other passions who did all things his own way, Iwithout regard to convention. This is the first part of a two-part obituary; the second part will appear in the April 2016 Notices. The obituary begins here with a brief sketch of Grothendieck’s life, followed by a description of some of his most outstanding work in mathematics. After that, and continuing into the April issue, comes a set of reminiscences by some of the many mathematicians who knew Grothendieck and were influenced by him. the permission of the Biographical Sketch Alexandre Grothendieck was born on March 28, 1928, in Berlin. His father, a Russian Jew named Alexander Shapiro, was a militant anarchist who devoted his life to the struggle Reproduced with against oppression by the powerful. His mother, Hanka Grothendieck family. Grothendieck, came from a Lutheran family in Hamburg Grothendieck as a child. and was a talented writer. The upheavals of World War II, as well as the idealistic paths chosen by his parents, marked university. In 1948 he made contact with leading math- his early childhood with dislocation and deprivation. ematicians in Paris, who recognized both his brilliance When he was five years old, his mother left him with a and his meager background. A year later, on the advice of family she knew in Hamburg, where he remained until age Henri Cartan and André Weil, he went to the Université eleven. -
Goldstein · Schappacher · Schwermer the Shaping of Arithmetic After C. F
Goldstein · Schappacher · Schwermer The Shaping of Arithmetic after C. F. Gauss’s Disquisitiones Arithmeticae Catherine Goldstein Norbert Schappacher Joachim Schwermer Editors The Shaping of Arithmetic after C. F. Gauss’s Disquisitiones Arithmeticae With 36 Figures 123 Catherine Goldstein Joachim Schwermer Histoire des sciences mathématiques Fakultät für Mathematik Institut de mathématiques de Jussieu Universität Wien 175 rue du Chevaleret Nordbergstraße 15 75013 Paris, France 1090 Wien, Austria E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Norbert Schappacher UFR de mathématique et d’informatique / IRMA 7rueRenéDescartes 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France E-mail: [email protected] Library of Congress Control Number: 2006932291 ISBN 978-3-540-20441-1 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. -
Preface Issue 2-2015
Jahresber Dtsch Math-Ver (2015) 117:91–92 DOI 10.1365/s13291-015-0116-z PREFACE Preface Issue 2-2015 Hans-Christoph Grunau1 © Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Friedrich Hirzebruch, who died in 2012 at the age of 84, was one of the most im- portant German mathematicians of the second half of the twentieth century. This applies not only to his mathematical achievements—mainly in topology, geometry and number theory—and his huge school of at least 52 Ph.D. students. He also made enormous efforts and had great success in reshaping mathematics in Germany after the Second World War. The Sonderforschungsbereich Theoretische Mathematik, the Arbeitstagung and the Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik played an important role in making Germany once again a place which mathematicians from all over the world would like to visit. The Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung (DMV) owes a partic- ularly deep gratitude to Friedrich Hirzebruch who served twice as its chairman, in 1962 and 1990. In 1962, one year after the wall was built, the Gesellschaft für Math- ematik der DDR was founded and urged to branch off from the DMV. One purpose of his second election in 1990 was that he should chair the reunification of both so- cieties and to celebrate at the same time the 100th anniversary of the DMV. In the 28 years in between he ensured that the ties to the East were not severed. One of his best known former Ph.D.-students, Don Zagier, gives a fairly detailed picture of all these and many more facets of Friedrich Hirzebruch’s life within mathematics. -
Zionist Internationalism Through Number Theory: Edmund Landau at the Opening of the Hebrew University in 1925
Science in Context 23(4), 427–471 (2010). Copyright C Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/S0269889710000177 Zionist Internationalism through Number Theory: Edmund Landau at the Opening of the Hebrew University in 1925 Leo Corry and Norbert Schappacher Tel Aviv University and Universite´ de Strasbourg Argument This article gives the background to a public lecture delivered in Hebrew by Edmund Landau at the opening ceremony of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1925. On the surface, the lecture appears to be a slightly awkward attempt by a distinguished German-Jewish mathematician to popularize a few number-theoretical tidbits. However, quite unexpectedly, what emerges here is Landau’s personal blend of Zionism, German nationalism, and the proud ethos of pure, rigorous mathematics – against the backdrop of the situation of Germany after World War I. Landau’s Jerusalem lecture thus shows how the Zionist cause was inextricably linked to, and determined by political agendas that were taking place in Europe at that time. The lecture stands in various historical contexts - Landau’s biography, the history of Jewish scientists in the German Zionist movement, the founding of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, and the creation of a modern Hebrew mathematical language. This article provides a broad historical introduction to the English translation, with commentary, of the original Hebrew text. 1. Introduction At the opening ceremony of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1925, the eminent Gottingen¨ number theorist Edmund Landau delivered a public lecture in Hebrew to a non-mathematical audience which presented a list of 23 problems from elementary number theory. At first, this presentation by a well-known mathematician strikes one as a slightly awkward attempt to popularize a few number-theoretical tidbits. -
Contributors
� Contributors Graham Allan, late Reader in Mathematics, Henk Bos, Honorary Professor, Department of Science Studies, University of Cambridge Aarhus University; Professor Emeritus, Department of the spectrum [III.86] Mathematics, Utrecht University rené descartes [VI.11] Noga Alon, Baumritter Professor of Mathematics and Computer Science, Tel Aviv University Bodil Branner, Emeritus Professor, Department of Mathematics, extremal and probabilistic combinatorics [IV.19] Technical University of Denmark dynamics [IV.14] George Andrews, Evan Pugh Professor in the Department of Mathematics, The Pennsylvania State University Martin R. Bridson, Whitehead Professor of Pure Mathematics, srinivasa ramanujan [VI.82] University of Oxford geometric and combinatorial group theory [IV.10] Tom Archibald, Professor, Department of Mathematics, Simon Fraser University John P. Burgess, Professor of Philosophy, Princeton University analysis, mathematical and philosophical the development of rigor in mathematical analysis [II.5], [VII.12] charles hermite [VI.47] Kevin Buzzard, Professor of Pure Mathematics, Imperial College London Sir Michael Atiyah, Honorary Professor, L-functions [III.47], modular forms [III.59] School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh william vallance douglas hodge [VI.90], Peter J. Cameron, Professor of Mathematics, advice to a young mathematician [VIII.6] Queen Mary, University of London designs [III.14], gödel’s theorem [V.15] David Aubin, Assistant Professor, Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu Jean-Luc Chabert, Professor, Laboratoire -
On the Youthful Writings of Louis J. Mordell on the Diophantine Equation Y2 − K = X3 Sebastien Gauthier, François Lê
On the Youthful Writings of Louis J. Mordell on the Diophantine Equation y2 − k = x3 Sebastien Gauthier, François Lê To cite this version: Sebastien Gauthier, François Lê. On the Youthful Writings of Louis J. Mordell on the Diophantine Equation y2 −k = x3. Archive for History of Exact Sciences, Springer Verlag, 2019, 73 (5), pp.427-468. 10.1007/s00407-019-00231-1. hal-02093049 HAL Id: hal-02093049 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02093049 Submitted on 24 Jan 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. On the youthful writings of Louis J. Mordell on the Diophantine Equation y2 − k = x3 Sébastien Gauthier∗ & François Lê† Postprint version. April 2019. Abstract This article examines the research of Louis J. Mordell on the Diophantine equation y2 − k = x3 as it appeared in one of his first papers, published in 1914. After presenting a number of elements relating to Mordell’s mathematical youth and his (problematic) writing, we analyze the 1914 paper by following the three approaches he developed therein, respectively based on the quadratic reciprocity law, on ideal numbers, and on binary cubic forms. This analysis allows us to describe many of the difficulties in reading and understanding Mordell’s proofs, difficulties which we make explicit and comment on in depth.