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Migration of Eretz Yisrael Arabs Between December 1, 1947 and June 1, 1948
[Intelligence Service (Arab Section)] June 30, 1948 Migration of Eretz Yisrael Arabs between December 1, 1947 and June 1, 1948 Contents 1. General introduction. 2. Basic figures on Arab migration 3. National phases of evacuation and migration 4. Causes of Arab migration 5. Arab migration trajectories and absorption issues Annexes 1. Regional reviews analyzing migration issues in each area [Missing from document] 2. Charts of villages evacuated by area, noting the causes for migration and migration trajectories for every village General introduction The purpose of this overview is to attempt to evaluate the intensity of the migration and its various development phases, elucidate the different factors that impacted population movement directly and assess the main migration trajectories. Of course, given the nature of statistical figures in Eretz Yisrael in general, which are, in themselves, deficient, it would be difficult to determine with certainty absolute numbers regarding the migration movement, but it appears that the figures provided herein, even if not certain, are close to the truth. Hence, a margin of error of ten to fifteen percent needs to be taken into account. The figures on the population in the area that lies outside the State of Israel are less accurate, and the margin of error is greater. This review summarizes the situation up until June 1st, 1948 (only in one case – the evacuation of Jenin, does it include a later occurrence). Basic figures on Arab population movement in Eretz Yisrael a. At the time of the UN declaration [resolution] regarding the division of Eretz Yisrael, the following figures applied within the borders of the Hebrew state: 1. -
A Christian's Map of the Holy Land
A CHRISTIAN'S MAP OF THE HOLY LAND Sidon N ia ic n e o Zarefath h P (Sarepta) n R E i I T U A y r t s i Mt. of Lebanon n i Mt. of Antilebanon Mt. M y Hermon ’ Beaufort n s a u b s s LEGEND e J A IJON a H Kal'at S Towns visited by Jesus as I L e o n Nain t e s Nimrud mentioned in the Gospels Caesarea I C Philippi (Banias, Paneas) Old Towns New Towns ABEL BETH DAN I MA’ACHA T Tyre A B a n Ruins Fortress/Castle I N i a s Lake Je KANAH Journeys of Jesus E s Pjlaia E u N s ’ Ancient Road HADDERY TYRE M O i REHOB n S (ROSH HANIKRA) A i KUNEITRA s Bar'am t r H y s u Towns visited by Jesus MISREPOTH in K Kedesh sc MAIM Ph a Sidon P oe Merom am n HAZOR D Tyre ic o U N ACHZIV ia BET HANOTH t Caesarea Philippi d a o Bethsaida Julias GISCALA HAROSH A R Capernaum an A om Tabgha E R G Magdala Shave ACHSAPH E SAFED Zion n Cana E L a Nazareth I RAMAH d r Nain L Chorazin o J Bethsaida Bethabara N Mt. of Beatitudes A Julias Shechem (Jacob’s Well) ACRE GOLAN Bethany (Mt. of Olives) PISE GENES VENISE AMALFI (Akko) G Capernaum A CABUL Bethany (Jordan) Tabgha Ephraim Jotapata (Heptapegon) Gergesa (Kursi) Jericho R 70 A.D. Magdala Jerusalem HAIFA 1187 Emmaus HIPPOS (Susita) Horns of Hittin Bethlehem K TIBERIAS R i Arbel APHEK s Gamala h Sea of o Atlit n TARICHAFA Galilee SEPPHORIS Castle pelerin Y a r m u k E Bet Tsippori Cana Shearim Yezreel Valley Mt. -
When Palestinians Became Human Shields: Counterinsurgency, Racialization, and the Great Revolt (1936–1939)
Comparative Studies in Society and History 2021;63(3):625–654. 0010-4175/21 © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work. doi:10.1017/S0010417521000219 When Palestinians Became Human Shields: Counterinsurgency, Racialization, and the Great Revolt (1936–1939) CHARLES ANDERSON Department of History, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA On 24 September 1936, Palestinian rebel fighters conducted a multipronged assault on British targets in Nablus. The raid was testament to the growing boldness and reach of the rebels, whose power had waxed in late summer as their months-old insurgency deepened throughout the country. During what the military later purported was only a heavy barrage of sniping, the local commanding officer, Brigadier J. F. Evetts, took an extraordinary step as countermeasure. Fearing a decisive rebel offensive on the city’s garrison, he summoned the mayor, Sulayman Tuqan, to army headquarters. Tuqan believed that he was being brought in for consultation with government officials, but when he arrived, he was escorted to the roof of the building, where he was forced to spend the night as a visible, high-value human shield. -
A Guide to Understanding the Struggle for Palestinian Human Rights
A Guide to Understanding the Struggle for Palestinian Human Rights © Copyright 2010, The Veritas Handbook. 1st Edition: July 2010. Online PDF, Cost: $0.00 Cover Photo: Ahmad Mesleh This document may be reproduced and redistributed, in part, or in full, for educational and non- profit purposes only and cannot be used for fundraising or any monetary purposes. We encourage you to distribute the material and print it, while keeping the environment in mind. Photos by Ahmad Mesleh, Jon Elmer, and Zoriah are copyrighted by the authors and used with permission. Please see www.jonelmer.ca, www.ahmadmesleh.wordpress.com and www.zoriah.com for detailed copyright information and more information on these photographers. Excerpts from Rashid Khalidi’s Palestinian Identity, Ben White’s Israeli Apartheid: A Beginner’s Guide and Norman Finkelstein’s This Time We Went Too Far are also taken with permission of the author and/or publishers and can only be used for the purposes of this handbook. Articles from The Electronic Intifada and PULSE Media have been used with written permission. We claim no rights to the images included or content that has been cited from other online resources. Contact: [email protected] Web: www.veritashandbook.blogspot.com T h e V E R I T A S H a n d b o o k 2 A Guide to Understanding the Struggle for Palestinian Human Rights To make this handbook possible, we would like to thank 1. The Hasbara Handbook and the Hasbara Fellowships 2. The Israel Project’s Global Language Dictionary Both of which served as great inspirations, convincing us of the necessity of this handbook in our plight to establish truth and justice. -
Palestinian Internally Displaced Persons Inside Israel: Challenging the Solid Structures
Palestinian Internally Displaced Persons inside Israel: Challenging the Solid Structures Nihad Bokae’e February 2003 Badil Resource Center for Palestinian Residency and Refugee Rights PO Box 728 Bethlehem, Palestine [email protected] www.badil.org Socio-historical Overview Internally displaced Palestinians inside Israel are part of the larger Palestinian refugee population that was displaced/expelled from their villages and homes during the 1948 conflict and war in Palestine (i.e., al-Nakba). Most of the refugees were displaced to the Arab states and the Palestinian territories that did not fall under Israeli control (i.e., the West Bank and Gaza Strip). At the end of the war, some 150,000 Palestinians remained in the areas of Palestine that became the state of Israel. This included approximately 30- 40,000 Palestinians who were also displaced during the war. Like the approximately 800,000 Palestinian refugees who were displaced/expelled beyond the borders of the new state, Israel refused to allow internally displaced Palestinians (IDPs) to return to their homes and villages. Displacement did not end with the 1948 war. In the years following the establishment of Israel, internally displaced Palestinians, a small number of refugees who had returned spontaneously to their villages, and Palestinians who had not been displaced during the war were expelled for security and other reasons. Israeli officials also carried out forced transfer of Palestinians from one village to another within the borders of the state in order to facilitate colonization of these areas. This included, for example, Palestinians from the villages of Iqrit, Bir’am, al-Ghabsiyya, Krad al-Baqqarah and Krad al- Ghannamah. -
Exiled Within Between Citizenship and the Struggle for Return for Internal Palestinian Refugees in Israel
WORKING PAPER SERIES NO. 134 Exiled within Between citizenship and the struggle for return for internal Palestinian refugees in Israel Haneen Kinani [email protected] March 2021 Refugee Studies Centre Oxford Department of International Development University of Oxford RSC Working Paper Series The Refugee Studies Centre (RSC) Working Paper Series is intended to aid the rapid distribution of work in progress, research findings and special lectures by researchers and associates of the RSC. Papers aim to stimulate discussion among the worldwide community of scholars, policymakers and practitioners. They are distributed free of charge in PDF format via the RSC website. The opinions expressed in the papers are solely those of the author/s who retain the copyright. They should not be attributed to the project funders or the Refugee Studies Centre, the Oxford Department of International Development or the University of Oxford. Comments on individual Working Papers are welcomed, and should be directed to the author/s. Further details can be found on the RSC website (www.rsc.ox.ac.uk). RSC WORKING PAPER SERIES NO. 134 Contents 1 Introduction 1 Framing the ‘internal Palestinian refugees’ 2 Methodology 3 Structure 3 2 Citizenship, the national order of things and the refugee 4 Citizenship and acts of citizenship 4 Citizenship for refugees as re-territorialisation 5 3 A look at history: the events of the 1948 Nakba 7 The Palestinian Nakba 7 UNRWA in Israel 8 4 The provision of citizenship and Israeli policies 10 Military government 1948-1966 10 1950 Absentee Law: appropriation of land and denial of return 11 The Law of Return and the JNF 12 Between history and memory: the role of the Israeli education system 13 Citizenship without recognition 14 5 Politics from below: memory, land and return 15 Adjustment patterns and practices 15 Land Day 1976 17 Madrid, Oslo and the founding of ADRID 18 Acts of citizenship 19 6 Conclusion 21 7 References 24 RSC WORKING PAPER SERIES NO. -
The Palestinians in Israel Readings in History, Politics and Society
The Palestinians in Israel Readings in History, Politics and Society Edited by Nadim N. Rouhana and Areej Sabbagh-Khoury 2011 Mada al-Carmel Arab Center for Applied Social Research The Palestinians in Israel: Readings in History, Politics and Society Edited by: Nadim N. Rouhana and Areej Sabbagh-Khoury اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻴﻮن ﰲ إﴎاﺋﻴﻞ: ﻗﺮاءات ﰲ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ، واﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ، واملﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ: ﻧﺪﻳﻢ روﺣﺎﻧﺎ وأرﻳﺞ ﺻﺒﺎغ-ﺧﻮري Editorial Board: Muhammad Amara, Mohammad Haj-Yahia, Mustafa Kabha, Rassem Khamaisi, Adel Manna, Khalil-Nakhleh, Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, Mahmoud Yazbak Design and Production: Wael Wakeem ISBN 965-7308-18-6 © All Rights Reserved July 2011 by Mada Mada al-Carmel–Arab Center for Applied Social Research 51 Allenby St., P.O. Box 9132 Haifa 31090, Israel Tel. +972 4 8552035, Fax. +972 4 8525973 www.mada-research.org [email protected] 2 The Palestinians in Israel: Readings in History, Politics and Society Table of Contents Introduction Research on the Palestinians in Israel: Between the Academic and the Political 5 Areej Sabbagh-Khoury and Nadim N. Rouhana The Nakba 16 Honaida Ghanim The Internally Displaced Palestinians in Israel 26 Areej Sabbagh-Khoury The Military Government 47 Yair Bäuml The Conscription of the Druze into the Israeli Army 58 Kais M. Firro Emergency Regulations 67 Yousef Tayseer Jabareen The Massacre of Kufr Qassem 74 Adel Manna Yawm al-Ard (Land Day) 83 Khalil Nakhleh The Higher Follow-Up Committee for the Arab Citizens in Israel 90 Muhammad Amara Palestinian Political Prisoners 100 Abeer Baker National Priority Areas 110 Rassem Khamaisi The Indigenous Palestinian Bedouin of the Naqab: Forced Urbanization and Denied Recognition 120 Ismael Abu-Saad Palestinian Citizenship in Israel 128 Oren Yiftachel 3 Mada al-Carmel Arab Center for Applied Social Research Acknowledgements We would like to express our gratitude to a group of colleagues who helped make possible the project of writing this book and producing it in three languages. -
F-Dyd Programme
‘Your memory shines in me’ in shines memory ‘Your St. John’s Wood Church, London NW8 London Church, Wood John’s St. Sunday, 1st April at 6:30pm at April 1st Sunday, 2007 Deir Yassin Day Day Yassin Deir Destroyed Palestinian villages Amqa Al-Tira (Tirat Al-Marj, Abu Shusha Umm Al-Zinat Deir 'Amr Kharruba, Al-Khayma Harrawi Al-Zuq Al-Tahtani Arab Al-Samniyya Al-Tira Al-Zu'biyya) Abu Zurayq Wa'arat Al-Sarris Deir Al-Hawa Khulda, Al-Kunayyisa (Arab Al-Hamdun), Awlam ('Ulam) Al-Bassa Umm Ajra Arab Al-Fuqara' Wadi Ara Deir Rafat Al-Latrun (Al-Atrun) Hunin, Al-Husayniyya Al-Dalhamiyya Al-Birwa Umm Sabuna, Khirbat (Arab Al-Shaykh Yajur, Ajjur Deir Al-Shaykh Al-Maghar (Al-Mughar) Jahula Ghuwayr Abu Shusha Al-Damun Yubla, Zab'a Muhammad Al-Hilu) Barqusya Deir Yassin Majdal Yaba Al-Ja'una (Abu Shusha) Deir Al-Qasi Al-Zawiya, Khirbat Arab Al-Nufay'at Bayt Jibrin Ishwa', Islin (Majdal Al-Sadiq) Jubb Yusuf Hadatha Al-Ghabisyya Al-'Imara Arab Zahrat Al-Dumayri Bayt Nattif Ism Allah, Khirbat Al-Mansura (Arab Al-Suyyad) Al-Hamma (incl. Shaykh Dannun Al-Jammama Atlit Al-Dawayima Jarash, Al-Jura Al-Mukhayzin Kafr Bir'im Hittin & Shaykh Dawud) Al-Khalasa Ayn Ghazal Deir Al-Dubban Kasla Al-Muzayri'a Khirbat Karraza Kafr Sabt, Lubya Iqrit Arab Suqrir Ayn Hawd Deir Nakhkhas Al-Lawz, Khirbat Al-Na'ani Al-Khalisa Ma'dhar, Al-Majdal Iribbin, Khirbat (incl. Arab (Arab Abu Suwayrih) Balad Al-Shaykh Kudna (Kidna) Lifta, Al-Maliha Al-Nabi Rubin Khan Al-Duwayr Al-Manara Al-Aramisha) Jurdayh, Barbara, Barqa Barrat Qisarya Mughallis Nitaf (Nataf) Qatra Al-Khisas (Arab -
Map of the Holy Land
N Sidon ia n c o i n n a e b o Zarefath h ebanon ile P (Sarepta) t n n U R E A i I T y A r f t t. of L s . o i M t n i M Mt. LEGEND M y Hermon ’ Beaufort n s a Towns visited by Jesus as u b s s Nain e mentioned in the Gospels J a A IJON H Kal'at S L e o n t e s Old Towns New Towns I Nimrud Caesarea I Philippi (Banias, Paneas) Ruins Fortress/Castle C ABEL BETH DAN MA’ACHA T Tyre I Journeys of Jesus A B a n i a I N s Lake Ancient Road Je KANAH E s Pjlaia u N E s ’ HADDERY TYRE M i REHOB S (ROSH HANIKRA) O n A Towns visited by Jesus i Bar'am KUNEITRA s t r Sidon y s H K MISREPOTH in Kedesh u Tyre MAIM P sc ho Merom ma Caesarea Philippi P en HAZOR a Bethsaida Julias ic D U N ACHZIV ia BET HANOTH o Capernaum t d GISCALA HAROSH a A Tabgha o Magdala n R A ma E G Cana Shave o ACHSAPH E SAFED R Nazareth Zion n Nain E L a I d Bethabara RAMAH r L Chorazin o Shechem (Jacob’s Well) J N Mt. of Beatitudes Bethsaida Bethany (Mt. of Olives) A Julias Bethany (Jordan) ACRE GOLAN PISE GENES VENISE AMALFI Ephraim (Akko) G Capernaum A CABUL Jericho Tabgha Jerusalem Jotapata (Heptapegon) Gergesa (Kursi) Emmaus R 70 A.D. -
Financing Racism and Apartheid
Financing Racism and Apartheid Jewish National Fund’s Violation of International and Domestic Law PALESTINE LAND SOCIETY August 2005 Synopsis The Jewish National Fund (JNF) is a multi-national corporation with offices in about dozen countries world-wide. It receives millions of dollars from wealthy and ordinary Jews around the world and other donors, most of which are tax-exempt contributions. JNF aim is to acquire and develop lands exclusively for the benefit of Jews residing in Israel. The fact is that JNF, in its operations in Israel, had expropriated illegally most of the land of 372 Palestinian villages which had been ethnically cleansed by Zionist forces in 1948. The owners of this land are over half the UN- registered Palestinian refugees. JNF had actively participated in the physical destruction of many villages, in evacuating these villages of their inhabitants and in military operations to conquer these villages. Today JNF controls over 2500 sq.km of Palestinian land which it leases to Jews only. It also planted 100 parks on Palestinian land. In addition, JNF has a long record of discrimination against Palestinian citizens of Israel as reported by the UN. JNF also extends its operations by proxy or directly to the Occupied Palestinian Territories in the West Bank and Gaza. All this is in clear violation of international law and particularly the Fourth Geneva Convention which forbids confiscation of property and settling the Occupiers’ citizens in occupied territories. Ethnic cleansing, expropriation of property and destruction of houses are war crimes. As well, use of tax-exempt donations in these activities violates the domestic law in many countries, where JNF is domiciled. -
Sacred Landscape
The publisher and the author gratefully acknowledge the generous contributions to Sacred this book provided by the General Endowment Fund of the Associates of the University of California Press and by the United States Institute of Peace. Landscape THE BURIED HISTORY OF THE HOLY LAND SINCE 1948 Meron Benvenisti Translated by Maxine Kaufman-Lacusta UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS B RK Y LO ANG LES LONDON o I I LEBANON I Bassa (Shlomi) o 2 Kafr Birim (Baram) 3 Iqrit 30 0 \ ,------, Jewish state according to 260 2 ~IO) .Safad L-.J 1947 UN Partition Plan 4 Saffuriyya (Zippori) SYRIA 5 Qastal " °12 Arab state according to 6 Deir Yasin I 1947 UN Partition Plan (taken ,I c:::J " by Israel 1948-49) 7 Mishmar Haemeq 8 Ein Hawd .. -'\... .. The West Bank and 9 Ghabisiyya . ./ Gaza Strip 10 Safsaf (Sifsofa) 'Boundaries of Arab state (1947) 11 Kh. Jalama 12 Akbara MEDITERRANEAN Boundaries of Israel (1949) 13 Nabi Rubin SeA 14 Zakariyya (Zecharia) Jerusalem (internationalized) 15 Khisas 16 Yazur (Azor) JORDAN 17 Yahudiyya (Yahud) 18 Birwa (Ahihud) 19 Tantura (Dor) 20 Etzion Block 21 Balad ai-Sheikh (Nesher) 22 Abu Zureik 23 Ajjur (Agur) 24 Beit Atab 25 Yehiam (Jidin) 26 Sasa (Sasa) 27 Dawaima (Amazia) 28 Latroun 29 Hittin 30 Yibne (Yavne) , -, 31 Sataf \, I ,I , " Map 2. Eretz Israel/Palestine (1947-49) ••• '~j.: /1.(;: >, "~~,~ '{ 15 Jewish Houses in a Deserted Arab Village. The abandoned village of ~I-~aliha . I' hborhood Modern Jewish houses are built on t e s opes is today a Jerusa em nelg. .I . of the village hill, and renovated Arab houses surroun~ the deserted vii. -
Palestine Online: a Virtual Homeland
RSC Working Paper No. 28 Palestine Online: An Emerging Virtual Homeland? Sophia Chloe Stamatopoulou-Robbins [email protected] September 2005 This paper was originally submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Forced Migration at the Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford Working Paper Series University of Oxford Department of International Development Queen Elizabeth House University of Oxford The RSC Working Paper Series is intended to aid the rapid distribution of work in progress, research findings and special lectures by researchers and associates of the RSC. Papers aim to stimulate discussion among the worldwide community of scholars, policymakers and practitioners. They are distributed free of charge in PDF format via the RSC website. Bound hard copies of the working papers may also be purchased from the RSC. The opinions expressed in the papers are solely those of the author/s who retain the copyright. They should not be attributed to the project funders or the Refugee Studies Centre, Queen Elizabeth House or the University of Oxford. Comments on individual Working Papers are welcomed, and should be directed to the author/s. Refugee Studies Centre Department of International Development University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3BT United Kingdom Tel +44 (0)1865 270722 Fax +44 (0)1865 270721 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.rsc.ox.ac.uk TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................