Semi-Active Engine Mounts
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DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVE AND SEMI-ACTIVE ENGINE MOUNTS By Hossein Mansour M. Sc., Sharif University of Technology, 2008 B. Sc., Sharif University of Technology, 2006 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF APPLIED SCIENCE In the School of Engineering Science Mechatronic Systems Engineering © Hossein Mansour SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2010 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced, without authorization, under the conditions for Fair Dealing. Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. APPROVAL Name: Hossein Mansour Degree: Master of Applied Science Title of Thesis: Design and Development of Active and Semi-Active Engine Mounts Examining Committee: Chair: ___________________________________________ Dr. Farid Golnaraghi Senior Supervisor Professor and Associate Director Engineering Science (Surrey); Burnaby Mountain Chair ___________________________________________ Dr. Siamak Arzanpour Supervisor Assistant Professor of Engineering Science ___________________________________________ Dr. Ash Parameswaran Supervisor Professor and Director of the Institute of Micromachine and Microfabrication Research ___________________________________________ Dr. Mehrdad Moallem Internal Examiner Associate Professor of Engineering Science Date Defended/Approved: August 20, 2010 ii Declaration of Partial Copyright Licence The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection (currently available to the public at the “Institutional Repository” link of the SFU Library website <www.lib.sfu.ca> at: <http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/112>) and, without changing the content, to translate the thesis/project or extended essays, if technically possible, to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation of the digital work. The author has further agreed that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by either the author or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without the author’s written permission. Permission for public performance, or limited permission for private scholarly use, of any multimedia materials forming part of this work, may have been granted by the author. This information may be found on the separately catalogued multimedia material and in the signed Partial Copyright Licence. While licensing SFU to permit the above uses, the author retains copyright in the thesis, project or extended essays, including the right to change the work for subsequent purposes, including editing and publishing the work in whole or in part, and licensing other parties, as the author may desire. The original Partial Copyright Licence attesting to these terms, and signed by this author, may be found in the original bound copy of this work, retained in the Simon Fraser University Archive. Simon Fraser University Library Burnaby, BC, Canada Last revision: Spring 09 ABSTRACT Vibration isolation in the engine compartment is a challenging design problem for all transportation means particularly in the automotive industry to attain better ride quality, improved road handling, and longer engine/parts life. Given the emergence of new vehicles with more stringent performance characteristics, engine vibration isolation has become a more demanding issue. This thesis focuses on the modelling, development, and experimental analysis of two active and semi-active engine mounts designed specifically to address the isolation problem of Variable Displacement Engines (VDE). It has been shown, however, that the designed mounts are flexible enough to fulfil the isolation requirements of other engine types as well. Both proposed mounts are made by adding retrofitable parts to the conventionally available hydraulic engine mounts. The promising performance of the fabricated mounts, in addition to their minimal cost, fail safety, and low energy consumption, makes them appealing solutions for the auto industry. Keywords: Variable displacement engine; Vibration isolation; Hydraulic engine mounts; Active; Semi-active; Driving condition iii DEDICATION To my father, mother and beloved wife iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Farid Golnaraghi, for his excellent support during my graduate studies. His professional attitude and positive personality have continually inspired me, and his encouragements have refreshed me in desperate moments. I would like to thank Dr. Siamak Arzanpour, my supervisor and my older brother, for teaching me invaluable lessons of life, which I will never forget. The completion of this thesis would have been impossible without his help and support, and his contribution to this work has been much more than that of a supervisor. I would also like to thank my co-supervisor, Dr. Ash Parameswaran, for his positive and generous attitude, as well as my reader, Dr. Moallem, for kindly reviewing this thesis. I greatly appreciate the financial support of Auto21; also, the technical supports of Mr. Joe Mihalic of CooperStandard Automotive, and Dr. Amir Khajepour of the University of Waterloo. I humbly thank my laboratory colleagues, Amr Marzouk, Masih Hosseini, Vahid Zakeri, Parvind Grewal, and Neda Parnian, for helping me in various ways. Last but not the least; I thank my mother, my father, my sister, and my wife, Nazanin, who were always there to support me. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Approval .......................................................................................................................... ii Abstract ........................................................................................................................... iii Dedication ....................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ v Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. vi List of Figures ................................................................................................................. viii List of Tables .................................................................................................................... x Nomenclature ................................................................................................................... xi 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Dynamics of Engine Isolation ..................................................................................... 3 1.1.1 Base Excitation .............................................................................................. 5 1.1.2 Force Excitation ............................................................................................. 7 1.2 Hydraulic Engine Mounts ........................................................................................... 9 1.2.1 Mathematical Modelling ............................................................................... 10 1.3 Experimental Verification and Parameter Identification ................................................ 13 1.3.1 A Discussion on Engine Mount Equation ........................................................ 15 1.4 Literature Review .................................................................................................... 17 1.4.1 Modeling of Engine Mounts .......................................................................... 17 1.4.2 Active Engine Mounts .................................................................................. 20 1.4.3 Semi-Active Engine Mounts .......................................................................... 22 1.5 Variable Displacement Engines Isolation .................................................................... 24 1.6 Thesis Overview ...................................................................................................... 26 1.7 Contributions Made in This Thesis ............................................................................ 28 2: Design and Simulation of the Active Engine Mount ..................................................... 29 2.1 Design of the Active Mount ...................................................................................... 29 2.2 Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation ..................................................... 31 2.3 Numerical-Experimental Verification ......................................................................... 34 2.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 38 3: Active Engine