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62-544:001.3 Деактивація Циліндрів У Двигунах

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62-544:001.3 Деактивація Циліндрів У Двигунах ɉɪɚɰɿɌȾȺɌɍ 310 ȼɢɩ. 15, Ɍ. 3 ɍȾɄ 621.43: 62-531.9: 62-544:001.3 ȾȿȺɄɌɂȼȺɐȱəɐɂɅȱɇȾɊȱȼɍȾȼɂȽɍɇȺɏ: ȱɋɌɈɊȱə ɊɈɁȼɂɌɄɍ, ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɂɌȺɉȿɊɋɉȿɄɌɂȼɂɁȺɋɌɈɋɍȼȺɇɇə ȻɟɲɭɧɈȺ., ɤɬɧ.31 ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɛɿɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɿɜɿɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ Ɍɟɥ. (044) 527-88-95 Ⱥɧɨɬɚɰɿɹ – ɪɨɡɝɥɹɧɭɬɨ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɿ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɢ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɿɜɿɰɢɤɥɿɜɭɞɜɢɝɭɧɚɯɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨɡɝɨɪɹɧ- ɧɹ, ɚɬɚɤɨɠɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢɬɚɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɚɧɨɝɨɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɭɛɚɝɚɬɨɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɨɜɢɯɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɢɯɞɜɢɝɭɧɚɯɡɦɟɬɨɸɩɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɹʀɯ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯɿɟɤɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜɧɚɪɟɠɢɦɚɯɱɚɫɬɤɨɜɢɯɧɚ- ɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɶɿɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨɯɨɞɭ. Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ – ɞɢɡɟɥɶ, ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɢɣ ɞɜɢɝɭɧ, ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿɫɬɶ, ɪɟɠɢɦ, ɦɟɬɨɞ, ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ, ɩɨɬɭɠɧɿɫɬɶ, ɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ, ɰɢɥɿɧɞɪ, ɰɢɤɥ, ɿɫɬɨɪɿɹ, ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɚ. ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ. Ⱦɜɿɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ, ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɹɟɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɧɢɯɪɟ- ɫɭɪɫɿɜɬɚɡɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɹɧɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɧɹɧɚɞɨɜɤɿɥɥɹ, ɧɚɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿɲɧɿɣɞɟɧɶ ɽ ɧɚɣɝɨɫɬɪɿɲɢɦɢ ɭ ɫɜɿɬɿ. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɳɨ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɨɲɭɤɭ ɲɥɹɯɿɜ ɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹɰɢɯɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɛɭɞɟɥɢɲɟɩɨɫɢɥɸɜɚɬɢɫɶɡɱɚɫɨɦ. ȼɿɞɨɦɨ, ɳɨ ɨɞɧɢɦɡɪɟɡɟɪɜɿɜɩɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɹɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿɣɧɨʀɩɚɥɢɜɧɨʀɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɪɿɜɧɹ ɲɤɿɞɥɢɜɢɯ ɜɢɤɢɞɿɜ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɨɜɢɯ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɿɜ ɽ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɰɢɥɿɧɞ- ɪɿɜ [1 – 12] ɿɰɢɤɥɿɜ [3 – 6]. ɇɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɢɣɟɮɟɤɬɩɪɢɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɿɰɶɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭɞɨɫɹɝɚɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɪɟɠɢɦɚɯɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨɯɨɞɭɿɦɚɥɢɯɧɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɶ. Ⱥɧɚɥɿɡ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ. ȱɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɿ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɢ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɬɚ ɨɤɪɟɦɿɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɟɬɨɞɭɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɿɜɿɰɢɤɥɿɜɭ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɿɥɶɧɢɯɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɢɯɞɜɢɝɭɧɚɯɪɨɡɝɥɹɧɭɬɿɭɩɪɚɰɿ [1]. ɉɪɨɬɟɜɞɚ- ɧɿɣɪɨɛɨɬɿɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɧɟɩɪɢɞɿɥɟɧɨɭɜɚɝɢɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɢɦɞɜɢɝɭɧɚɦɢ, ɭɪɨ- ɛɨɱɢɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɚɯ ɹɤɢɯɽɰɿɥɢɣɪɹɞ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɹ ɿɧ- ɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹɩɪɨɦɟɬɨɞɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɨɤɪɟɦɢɯɪɨɛɨɱɢɯɰɢɤɥɿɜ, ɳɨɬɚɤɨɠ ɫɭɬɬɽɜɨ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɿɞɦɟɬɨɞɭɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɿɜ, ɿɦɚɽ ɩɨɪɿɜ- ɧɹɧɨɡɧɢɦɪɹɞɩɟɪɟɜɚɝ. Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɰɿɥɟɣ ɫɬɚɬɬɿ (ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ). ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɢɯɞɠɟɪɟɥɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɭɜɚɬɢɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸɩɪɨɿɫɬɨɪɿɸ © ȻɟɲɭɧɈȺ. ɉɪɚɰɿɌȾȺɌɍ 311 ȼɢɩ. 15, Ɍ. 3 ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭɦɟɬɨɞɭɩɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɹɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯɿɟɤɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜɛɚ- ɝɚɬɨɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɨɜɢɯɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɧɢɯ, ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɡɧɢɯɿɫɭɞɨɜɢɯɞɜɢɝɭɧɿɜɜɧɭ- ɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɡɝɨɪɹɧɧɹ (ȾȼɁ) ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɞɟɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿʀ ɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɿɜ, ɜɢɹɜɢɬɢ ɨɫ- ɧɨɜɧɿɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɿɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ, ɹɤɿɧɚɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿɲɧɿɣɞɟɧɶɡɚɥɢɲɚɸɬɶɫɹɧɟɞɨ- ɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɢɦɢ ɬɚ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɢ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ ɿ ɜɩɪɨɜɚ- ɞɠɟɧɧɹɭɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɨ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ. ȱɞɟɹ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɩɨɪɲ- ɧɟɜɢɯ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɢɯ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɿɜ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɿɜ ɜɩɟɪɲɟɡɚɪɨɞɢɥɚɫɹɜɋɒȺɜ 1905 ɪ. [2], ɞɚɥɿɛɭɥɚɪɨɡɜɢɧɭɬɚɜ 1917 ɪ. [1] ɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɥɚ ɞɟɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿɸ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɢ ɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɿɜ (6-ɬɢ ɧɚ 12- ɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɨɜɨɦɭɞɜɢɝɭɧɿ). ȼɤɨɥɢɲɧɶɨɦɭɋɊɋɊɦɟɬɨɞɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɿɜɹɤɫɩɨɫɿɛɩɿ- ɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿɣɧɢɯɹɤɨɫɬɟɣȾȼɁ, ɜɩɟɪɲɟɛɭɜɡɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɿɤɨɦȯɈ. ɑɭɞɚɤɨɜɢɦ (ɞɢɜ. ɮɨɬɨɧɚɪɢɫ. 1). ɋɭɬɧɿɫɬɶɰɶɨɝɨɦɟ- ɬɨɞɭ, ɹɤ ɜɢɩɥɢɜɚɽɡɣɨɝɨɧɚɡɜɢ, ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽɜɬɨɦɭ, ɳɨɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɤɨɜɢɯɪɟ- ɠɢɦɚɯɿɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɧɚɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɦɭɯɨɞɿɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɭɩɚɥɢɜɚɜɱɚ- ɫɬɢɧɭɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɿɜ [2]. ȼɋɊɋɊɿɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɹɧɫɶɤɨɦɭɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɿɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɝɚɥɭɡɿɜɿɞɤ- ɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɿɜ ɜ ɪɿɡɧɢɣ ɱɚɫ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɜ ɇȺɆȱ (Ɋɨɫɿɹ), ɇɌɍ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɚ) ɿɜɿɧɲɢɯɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹɯ (ɞɢɜ. ɤɚɪɬɭɧɚɪɢɫ. 2; ɰɢɮɪɚɛɿɥɹɧɚ- ɡɜɢɦɿɫɬɚɜɤɚɡɭɽɧɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣ, ɜɹɤɢɯɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɿɜ; ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶɰɢɮɪɜɿɞɩɨɜɿ- ɞɚɽɨɞɧɿɣɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɿ) [1 – 8]. ɉɟɜɧɿɧɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɿɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɿɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɛɭɥɢɞɨɫɹɝɧɭɬɿ ɜɪɨɛɨɬɚɯ ɐɇȾȱɆɎ, ɊɍȾɇ, ɆȺȾȱ, ɉɈ «ɉɟɧɡɞɢɡɟɥɶɦɚɲ», ɍɤɪȾȺɁɌ, ɋȾɍɒɋ, ȼȺɌ «ɇɌɐ «ɄɚɦȺɁ»», ȼȺɌ əɆɁ, ɌɈȼ «ɑɌɁɍɪɚɥɬɪɚɤ», ɇȼɈ ɐɇȾɌȺ, ɳɨɡɧɚɣɲɥɨɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɹɭɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɯɫɬɚɬɬɹɯɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨɜɟ- ɥɢɤɨʀ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿ ɜɱɟɧɢɯ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɥɢ ɭ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɚɯ, ɨɱɨɥɸɜɚ- ɧɢɯɜɿɞɨɦɢɦɢɩɪɨɜɿɞɧɢɦɢɮɚɯɿɜɰɹɦɢɜɞɚɧɿɣɝɚɥɭɡɿ (ɞɢɜ. ɮɨɬɨɧɚɪɢɫ. 1). ȼɍɤɪɚʀɧɿɬɚɤɿɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɹɧɚɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɿɥɿɆȺɁ-500 ɡ V-ɩɨɞɿɛɧɢɦ 6-ɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɨɜɢɦɞɢɡɟɥɟɦəɆɁ-236 ɳɟɧɚɩɪɢɤɿɧɰɿ 1970-ɯ ɪɨɤɿɜ, ɚɬɚɤɨɠɧɚɞɢɡɟɥɿȾ-50 ɜɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɦɭɭɧɿɜɟɪ- ɫɢɬɟɬɿɬɚȾɟɪɠɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɇȾȱɩɪɨɟɤɬɿɆɿɧɬɪɚɧɫɭ. ɇɚɞɜɨɬɚɤɬɧɨɦɭ Ⱦ-100 ɿ ɱɨɬɢɪɢɬɚɤɬɧɢɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɡɧɢɯ ɞɢɡɟɥɹɯ ɬɢɩɭ 6ɑɇ 31,8/33 (ɉȾȽɆ), 12ɑɇ 14/14, 6ɑɇ 26/26, 8ɑɇ 26/26, 16ɑɇ 26/26, ɚɬɚɤɨɠɧɚɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɧɢɯ ɞɢɡɟɥɹɯ 4ɑ 12/14 (ɋɆȾ-14) ɿ 6ɑɇ 13/11,5 (ɋɆȾ-62) – ɭɏɚɪɤɿɜɫɶɤɿɣ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɿɣɚɤɚɞɟɦɿʀɡɚɥɿɡɧɢɱɧɨɝɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭɫɩɿɥɶɧɨɡȽɋɄȻȾɬɚɈȽɄ ɉɈ “ɉɟɧɡɞɢɡɟɥɶɦɚɲ”. Ⱥɧɚɞɢɡɟɥɹɯɛɭɞɿɜɟɥɶɧɢɯɦɚɲɢɧ – ɭɄɢʀɜɫɶɤɨ- ɦɭɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɿɛɭɞɿɜɧɢɰɬɜɚɣɚɪɯɿɬɟɤɬɭɪɢ, ɬɚɜɿɧɲɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɯɿɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹɯ [5]. ȼ Ɋɨɫɿʀ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɥɢɫɶ: ɜ Ɋɨɫɿɣɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɉɪɚɰɿɌȾȺɌɍ 312 ȼɢɩ. 15, Ɍ. 3 ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɿ ɞɪɭɠɛɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɿɜ (ɊɍȾɇ) ɿɦ. ɉ. Ʌɭɦɭɦɛɢ [2] ɧɚ ɞɢɡɟɥɶ- ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɯɬɚɞɢɡɟɥɹɯɮɿɪɦɢ “ɉɟɪɤɿɧɫ” ɿ “ɋɤɚɧɿɹ” ɫɩɿɥɶɧɨɡɆɨɫɤɨɜ- ɫɶɤɢɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɿɥɶɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɿɦ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɦ ɬɚ ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɿɧɠɟɧɟɪ- ɧɢɦɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɨɦɉɟɪɭ (ɦ. Ʌɿɦɚ); ɜɇɌɐ "ɄɚɦȺɁ" ɫɩɿɥɶɧɨɡɊɍȾɇ – ɧɚɞɢɡɟɥɿɄɚɦȺɁ-740; ɜɉɈ "əɆɁ" ɫɩɿɥɶɧɨɡɊɍȾɇ – ɧɚɞɢɡɟɥɿəɆɁ- 238 ɬɚɜɇȺɌɂɧɚɞɢɡɟɥɿ 12ɑ 15/18; ɭȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɶɤɨɦɭɥɿɫɨɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɦɭ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɿ – ɧɚɞɢɡɟɥɿəɆɁ-740; ɜɇȺɆȱ – ɧɚɞɢɡɟɥɿ 8ɑ 13/14 ɬɚɞɢɡɟɥɿ ɚɜɬɨɛɭɫɚɅɢȺɁ; ɭȼɇȱɌȱɫɩɿɥɶɧɨɡɆȱȱɌɬɚȻɚɥɚɤɿɜɫɶɤɢɦɦɚɲɢɧɨɛɭɞɿ- ɜɧɢɦɡɚɜɨɞɨɦɿɦ. Ɏ. Ⱦɡɟɪɠɢɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ – ɧɚɞɢɡɟɥɿ 6ɑɇ 21/21 ɦɚɧɟɜɪɨɜɨ- ɝɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɡɭɬɢɩɭɌȽɆ-4; ɜɆɭɪɦɚɧɫɶɤɨɦɭɮɿɥɿɚɥɿɐɇȱȱɆɎ – ɧɚɫɭɞ- ɧɨɜɢɯɞɢɡɟɥɹɯȾ100, 2Ⱦ100, 3Ⱦ100, 12Ⱦ70, 11Ⱦ45 ɬɚ 6Ⱦ49, ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɞɢɡɟɥɿ 9Ɇɇ51 (9Ⱦ 51/55) ɤɪɢɝɨɥɚɦɚɬɢɩɭ "Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ", ɫɭɞɧɨɜɨɦɭɞɨɩɨ- ɦɿɠɧɨɦɭ ɞɢɡɟɥɿ 2ɑ 12,5/18 ɬɚ ɫɟɪɿɣɧɢɯ ɞɢɡɟɥɹɯ 10Ⱦɉ 20,7/25,4u2; ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠɭɄɨɥɨɦɟɧɫɶɤɨɦɭɮɿɥɿɚɥɿȼɁɉȱ. Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɄɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɢɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɯɲɤɿɥɿɩɪɨɜɿɞɧɿɧɚɭɤɨɜɰɿɤɪɚʀɧɋɇȾ, ɹɤɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɥɢɦɟɬɨɞɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɿɜɿɰɢɤɥɿɜ Ⱥɧɚɥɿɡɜɿɬɱɢɡɧɹɧɨʀɬɚɡɚɪɭɛɿɠɧɨʀɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨʀɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɿʀɬɚɤɨɠɩɨɤɚ- ɡɚɜ, ɳɨɿɜɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ, ɿɜɤɪɚʀɧɚɯɛɥɢɡɶɤɨɝɨɬɚɞɚɥɶɧɶɨɝɨɡɚɪɭɛɿɠɠɹɿɫɧɭɽ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ ɜɟɥɢɤɚ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɪɨɛɿɬ, ɩɪɢɫɜɹɱɟɧɢɯ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɭ [1-8, 12 ɬɚɛɚɝɚɬɨɿɧ.]. ɉɪɚɰɿɌȾȺɌɍ 313 ȼɢɩ. 15, Ɍ. 3 Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ƚɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɹɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ, ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɧɢɯɿɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɢɯɞɨɫɥɿ- ɞɠɟɧɶɦɟɬɨɞɭɩɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɹɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿɣɧɨʀɩɚɥɢɜɧɨʀɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɫɬɿɬɚ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹɲɤɿɞɥɢɜɢɯɜɢɤɢɞɿɜɛɚɝɚɬɨɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɨɜɢɯȾȼɁɲɥɹɯɨɦɪɟɝɭ- ɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɦɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɿɜɿɰɢɤɥɿɜɜɤɪɚʀɧɚɯɋɇȾ Ɂɚɝɚɥɶɧɭ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɤɭ ɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɰɿɣ, ɩɪɢɫɜɹɱɟɧɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɞɟɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿʀ ɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɿɜ ɭȾȼɁ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚɪɢɫ. 3. ɏɨɱɚɚɜɬɨɪɞɚɧɨʀɫɬɚɬɬɿɧɟ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɭɽɧɚɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɭɜɢɱɟɪɩɧɿɫɬɶɞɚɧɢɯ, ɚɥɟɚɧɚɥɿɡɪɢɫ. 3 ɞɚɽɩɿɞɫ- ɬɚɜɢɡɪɨɛɢɬɢɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ, ɳɨɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɣɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɞɨɞɚɧɨɝɨɦɟɬɨɞɭɩɨɤɪɚ- ɳɟɧɧɹɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯɿɟɤɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜɪɨɛɨɬɢȾȼɁɡɱɚɫɨɦɡɧɚ- ɱɧɨɡɪɨɫɬɚɽ. Ⱦɟɹɤɟɩɚɞɿɧɧɹɧɚɝɪɚɮɿɤɭɜ 2013, 2014 ɿɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨ 2015 ɪ. ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɢ ɡɚɬɪɢɦɤɨɸ ɜ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɿ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ʀʀ ɨɩɪɚɰɸ- ɜɚɧɧɿ. ɉɪɚɰɿɌȾȺɌɍ 314 ȼɢɩ. 15, Ɍ. 3 Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ɂɚɝɚɥɶɧɚɞɢɧɚɦɿɤɚɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɰɿɣ, ɩɪɢɫɜɹɱɟɧɢɯɦɟɬɨɞɭɞɟɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿʀɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɿɜɭȾȼɁ ɍɪɨɛɨɬɚɯ [1-8, 12 ɬɚɛɚɝɚɬɨɿɧ.] ɜɢɜɱɚɥɢɫɹɹɤɧɚɣɩɪɨɫɬɿɲɿɫɩɨ- ɫɨɛɢɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɿɜ – ɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹɦɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɥɢɜɚ, ɬɚɤɿɛɿɥɶɲ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɿ: ɩɨɪɹɞɿɡɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹɦɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɥɢɜɚɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɥɨɫɶɩɪɢɦɭɫɨ- ɜɟ ɡɚɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɚɛɨ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɿɜ ɰɢɯ ɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɿɜ ɿ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɩɪɚ- ɰɸɸɱɢɯɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɿɜɜɿɞɩɪɚɰɶɨɜɚɧɢɦɢɝɚɡɚɦɢɩɪɚɰɸɸɱɢɯ. ȼɩɟɪɿɨɞɡ 1970-ɯɪɨɤɿɜɞɨɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨɱɚɫɭɧɚɭɤɨɜɰɹɦɢɊɨɫɿʀɿ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɛɭɥɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɨ ɪɹɞ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ, ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɧɚɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹɞɨɰɿɥɶɧɨɫɬɿɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɿɜɿɰɢɤɥɿɜ ɭȾȼɁ. ȼɫɶɨɝɨɫɬɚɧɨɦɧɚɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ 2015 ɪ. ɜɋɊɋɊɿɤɪɚʀɧɚɯɋɇȾɡɚɯɢ- ɳɟɧɨ 49 ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣɧɢɯɪɨɛɿɬ, ɹɤɿɛɿɥɶɲɨɸɱɢɦɟɧɲɨɸɦɿɪɨɸɫɬɨɫɭɜɚ- ɥɢɫɹɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɞɚɧɨɝɨɦɟɬɨɞɭ, ɡɹɤɢɯ – 11 ɞɨɤɬɨɪɫɶɤɿɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿʀ. ȼɤɪɚʀɧɚɯɞɚɥɟɤɨɝɨɡɚɪɭɛɿɠɠɹɩɨɞɿɛɧɿɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɥɢ ɬɚɤɿ ɜɱɟɧɿ, ɹɤ Bemman Y.-J., Bowles P., Batteh J., Douglas K.J., Falkowski A., McElwee M., Bonne M., Fukui T., Howard G., Jost K., Kreuter P., Leone T.G., Pozar M., Moskwa J., Mangun D., Lemke A., Lahti J., Pischinger M., Sandford H., Allen J., Tudor R., Vinodh B., Univ A., Watanabe E., Fueutani I., Zheng Q., Zmudka Z., Postrzednik S., Ciesiolkiewicz A., Zammit J.P., McGhee M.J., Shayler P.J., Zammit J.-P., McGhee M.J., Shayler P.J., Pegg I., Mo H., Huang Y., Mao X., Zhuo B., Yang J., Quan L., Yang Y., Xin Q. (H.), Manna S., Foudzisava Hideya, Bergman N., Netman R., Sougasava F., Camleytner E., Sanaca Y. ɬɚɿɧɲɿ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɭɜɫɿɯɪɨɛɨɬɚɯɛɭɥɨɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɨɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶɩɨɤɪɚɳɟɧ- ɧɹɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿɣɧɨʀɩɚɥɢɜɧɨʀɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɫɬɿɜɦɟɠɚɯ 3…25 % ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿɜ ɿ ɡɚɫɨɛɿɜ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɦɟɬɨɞɿɜ ɡ ɨɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɢɦ ɩɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɹɦ ɟɤɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ. ɇɚ ɪɟɠɢɦɿ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɭ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɹ ɩɚɥɢɜɚ ɫɹɝɚɥɚɜɨɤɪɟɦɢɯɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ 45 %. Ⱦɨɰɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɧɚ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɨɜɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɿɥɶɧɢɯɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɢɯɞɜɢɝɭɧɚɯɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹɬɚɤɨɠɬɢɦ, ɳɨɡ ɉɪɚɰɿɌȾȺɌɍ 315 ȼɢɩ. 15, Ɍ. 3 ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ 80-ɯɪɨɤɿɜɦɢɧɭɥɨɝɨɫɬɨɪɿɱɱɹɬɚɤɿɩɪɨɜɿɞɧɿɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɿɥɟɛɭɞɿɜɧɿ ɮɿɪɦɢɫɜɿɬɭ, ɹɤ Cadillac, General Motors, Mercedes-Benz, Honda, Toyota, Chrysler, Audi, Volkswagen ɬɚɿɧɲɿɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɢɫɬɟɦɢɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɿɜ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɿɣɧɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɿɥɹɯ, ɩɪɢɱɨɦɭ ɞɜɿ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿ – ɧɚɜɿɬɶ ɧɚ 4-ɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɨɜɢɯɞɜɢɝɭɧɚɯɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨɨɛ¶ɽɦɭ (1,4 ɥ) ɬɚɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ (103 ɤȼɬ) [7]. ȼɛɿɥɶɲɨɫɬɿɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜ, ɰɟɫɢɫɬɟɦɢɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɝɪɭɩ (ɹɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɢ) ɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɿɜɧɚɫɟɪɿɣɧɢɯɥɟɝɤɨɜɢɯɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɿɥɹɯɡ V-ɩɨɞɿɛɧɢɦɢ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɨɜɢɦɢ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɢɦɢ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɚɦɢ. Ɂɨɤɪɟɦɚ ɰɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ: Active Cylinder Control (ACC) ɮɿɪɦ Daimler AG ɿ Mercedes-Benz; Active Fuel Management (AFM) ɿ Displacement on Demand (D.O.D.) ɮɿ- ɪɦɢ General Motors; Dynamic Skip Fire (DSF) ɮɿɪɦɢ GMC ɿ Tula Technology; Variable Cylinder Management (VCM) ɮɿɪɦɢ Honda; Cylinder on Demand System (CDS) ɮɿɪɦɢ Audi; Multi-Displacement System (MDS) ɮɿɪɦɢ Chrysler; Active Cylinder Management (ACT) ɮɿɪ- ɦɢ Volkswagen ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ. ȼɿɞɨɦɿ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɜɿɞɤɥɸ- ɱɟɧɧɹɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɿɜɡɩɪɢɩɢɧɟɧɧɹɦɪɭɯɭɩɨɪɲɧɿɜɭɬɪɢɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɨɜɨɦɭɞɜɢ- ɝɭɧɿɡɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɸɡɦɿɧɢɫɬɭɩɟɧɸɫɬɢɫɧɟɧɧɹ Scalzo Piston Deactivation 3-cylinder Engine PDE with Variable Compression Ratio. ȼɢɳɟɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶɩɪɨɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶɞɚɧɨ- ɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ, ɹɤɢɣ ɩɨ ɫɭɬɿ ɽ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɧɢɦ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɨɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɰɢɤɥɿɜɿɦɚɽɪɹɞɫɭɬɬɽɜɢɯɧɟɞɨɥɿɤɿɜɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨɡɧɢɦ, ɩɪɨɬɟɞɟɳɨɩɪɨɫ- ɬɿɲɢɣɜɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ, ɱɟɪɟɡɳɨɜɿɧɿɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɜɫɟɪɿɣɧɨɦɭɜɢɪɨɛɧɢ- ɰɬɜɿ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɦɨɤɪɟɦɢɯɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɰɢɤɥɿɜɜɩɟɪɲɟɛɭɜɡɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɨɜɚɧɢɣɜ 1966 ɪ. ɩɪɨɮ. Ⱥɧɞɪɭɫɟɧɤɨɦɉȱ. [3] ɿɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɢɣɜɇɌɍɩɪɨɮ. ɎɿɥɿɩɩɨɜɢɦȺɁ. [4] ɜɿɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɨɜɢɯ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɪɲɧɟɜɢɯ ɬɚ ɪɨɬɨɪɧɨɩɨɪɲɧɟɜɢɯ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɿɜ. ȼɿɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɞɢɡɟɥɿɜ, ɞɚɧɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɜɫɹ ɜ ɇɍȻɿɉ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ [5] ɿɇɍɄɿɦɟɧɿɚɞɦɿɪɚɥɚɆɚɤɚɪɨɜɚ
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