Von Der Linux Bash Bis Zum Cloud Development
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Cygwin User's Guide
Cygwin User’s Guide Cygwin User’s Guide ii Copyright © Cygwin authors Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this documentation provided the copyright notice and this per- mission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this documentation under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this documentation into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation. Cygwin User’s Guide iii Contents 1 Cygwin Overview 1 1.1 What is it? . .1 1.2 Quick Start Guide for those more experienced with Windows . .1 1.3 Quick Start Guide for those more experienced with UNIX . .1 1.4 Are the Cygwin tools free software? . .2 1.5 A brief history of the Cygwin project . .2 1.6 Highlights of Cygwin Functionality . .3 1.6.1 Introduction . .3 1.6.2 Permissions and Security . .3 1.6.3 File Access . .3 1.6.4 Text Mode vs. Binary Mode . .4 1.6.5 ANSI C Library . .4 1.6.6 Process Creation . .5 1.6.6.1 Problems with process creation . .5 1.6.7 Signals . .6 1.6.8 Sockets . .6 1.6.9 Select . .7 1.7 What’s new and what changed in Cygwin . .7 1.7.1 What’s new and what changed in 3.2 . -
Shell Script & Advance Features of Shell Programming
Kirti Kaushik et al, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.4 Issue.4, April- 2015, pg. 458-462 Available Online at www.ijcsmc.com International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing A Monthly Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology ISSN 2320–088X IJCSMC, Vol. 4, Issue. 4, April 2015, pg.458 – 462 RESEARCH ARTICLE Shell Script & Advance Features of Shell Programming Kirti Kaushik* Roll No.15903, CS, Department of Computer science, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon-123506, India Email: [email protected] Jyoti Yadav Roll No. 15040, CS, Department of Applied Computer science, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon-123506, India Email: [email protected] Kriti Bhatia Roll No. 15048, CS, Department of Applied Computer science, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon-123506, India Email: [email protected] Abstract-- In this research paper, the idea of shell scripting and writing computer programs is examined and different parts of shell programming are likewise contemplated. A shell script is a PC system intended to be controlled by the UNIX shell which is a charge line translator. The different tongues of shell scripts are thought to be scripting dialects. Regular operations performed by shell scripts incorporate document control, program execution, and printing content. A shell script can give an advantageous variety ofa framework order where unique environment settings, charge alternatives, or post-transforming apply naturally, yet in a manner that permits the new script to still go about as a completely typical UNIX summon. The real ideas like Programming in the Borne and C-shell, in which it would be clarified that how shell programming could be possible in Borne and C-shell. -
A Brief Introduction to the Use of Shell Variables
A Brief Introduction to the Use of Shell Variables Norman Matloff July 25, 2001 Contents 1 Two Popular Shells: tcsh and bash 1.1 Overview There are many different shells available for Unix systems. Here we focus on two of the most popular ones, tcsh and bash. Other shells tend to be very similar to one or both of these. Your Unix account has a preset login shell for you, typically tcsh in academic settings and bash in Linux. When you log in, a shell of the given type is automatically started for you. (This can be seen in the file /etc/passwd.) If you wish to temporarily run a different shell, just type its name. If you wish to change your login shell, run the chsh command. 1.2 Command Commonality Among Shells Most of what people tend to think of as “basic Unix commands” are actually shell commands which are common to almost all of the shells. So for example you could type cd /abc/def to change to the directory /abc/def in either tcsh or bash.1 2 Shell Variables 2.1 Introduction to Shell Variable Syntax The tcsh shell uses “set” and = for the assignment operation. For example, 1Technically speaking, the “change directory” command for Unix itself is chdir(), a function which must be called from a program. A shell is a program, and when for example you issue the cd command to a shell, that program in turn calls chdir(). 1 set x = 3 would assign the value 3 to the shell variable x. -
Shell Variables
Shell Using the command line Orna Agmon ladypine at vipe.technion.ac.il Haifux Shell – p. 1/55 TOC Various shells Customizing the shell getting help and information Combining simple and useful commands output redirection lists of commands job control environment variables Remote shell textual editors textual clients references Shell – p. 2/55 What is the shell? The shell is the wrapper around the system: a communication means between the user and the system The shell is the manner in which the user can interact with the system through the terminal. The shell is also a script interpreter. The simplest script is a bunch of shell commands. Shell scripts are used in order to boot the system. The user can also write and execute shell scripts. Shell – p. 3/55 Shell - which shell? There are several kinds of shells. For example, bash (Bourne Again Shell), csh, tcsh, zsh, ksh (Korn Shell). The most important shell is bash, since it is available on almost every free Unix system. The Linux system scripts use bash. The default shell for the user is set in the /etc/passwd file. Here is a line out of this file for example: dana:x:500:500:Dana,,,:/home/dana:/bin/bash This line means that user dana uses bash (located on the system at /bin/bash) as her default shell. Shell – p. 4/55 Starting to work in another shell If Dana wishes to temporarily use another shell, she can simply call this shell from the command line: [dana@granada ˜]$ bash dana@granada:˜$ #In bash now dana@granada:˜$ exit [dana@granada ˜]$ bash dana@granada:˜$ #In bash now, going to hit ctrl D dana@granada:˜$ exit [dana@granada ˜]$ #In original shell now Shell – p. -
Examining the Hamilton C Shell
EXAMINING ROO M Examining the Hamilton C Shell Unix power for OS/2 Scott Richman tarting OS/2 for the first time was, file system), long filenames, and threads. in the background and the server will for me, like unlocking a Ferarri, Additionally, the Shell supports large be kept busy. sitting behind its wheel and find command lines and pipes (up to 64K) ing a Yugo's dash. What a disap and includes faster and more powerful Supporting Procedures pointment. Sure, the engine and utilities than those supplied with OS/2. Script programmers can create C Shell suspensionS were first rate, but the con This is more than Unix - this is a pow procedures, which are more like func trols were minimal, the clutch was stiff, erful requirement for development un tions: They accept a parameter list and and the pedals were nonresponsive! der OS/2. The ability to execute C shells return a value. These procedures are OS/2 comes with great stuff, but CMD simultaneously in different Presenta compiled into C Shell memory and are .EXE, the default command-line pro tion Manager (PM) text windows con then executed as new shell commands. cessor, is poor compared to the pow verts your PC into a flexible workstation. Procedures can greatly extend the erfuloperating system beneath. CMD.EXE The Hamilton C Shell comes with power and flexibility of your environ appears to be a port of the MS-DOS many programs and shell scripts. To ment. COMMAND.COM and lacks the major install the Shell, you simply copy the As an example, consider ZCW.CSH features of a serious front end. -
UNIX Essentials (Hands-On)
UNIX essentials (hands-on) • the directory tree • running programs • the shell (using the T-shell) → command line processing → special characters → command types → shell variables → environment variables → wildcards → shell scripts → shell commands → pipes and redirection • OS commands • special files 1 • The Directory Tree → directories contain files and/or directories → / : means either the root directory, or a directory separator • consider /home/afniuser/AFNI_data3 afniuser/suma_demo → an "absolute" pathname begins with '/', a "relative" pathname does not • a relative pathname depends on where you start from • in the directories above, note which is a relative pathname → every directory has a parent directory • the relative pathname for the parent directory is '..' • the relative pathname for the current directory is '.' • consider './run_this_script' and '/bin/ls ../../suma_demo' → many commands can be used to return to the home directory (of "afniuser") • cd, cd ~, cd ~afniuser, cd $HOME, cd /home/afniuser • note the 2 special characters, '~' and '$' → while you work, keep your location within the directory tree in mind 2 → class work: • open a terminal window • commands: cd, pwd, ls, ls -al • use the "cd" command to go to the given directories e.g. for directory /usr/bin, use the command: cd /usr/bin once there, use the commands "pwd", "ls", and "ls -al" note that you can always return to the home directory via: cd / home/afniuser AFNI_data3 .. AFNI_data3/afni /usr/bin ~/abin ../../afniuser/../afniuser • first example (starting with the '/'directory), use the commands: cd / pwd ls ls -al 3 • Running Programs → a program is something that gets "executed", or "run" → the first element of a command line is generally a program (followed by a space) → most shells are case sensitive when processing a command → command examples: /bin/ls $HOME ~/AFNI_data3 count -digits 2 1 10 → script: an interpreted program (interpreted by another program) • e.g. -
Unix Tools 1 Jeff Freymueller Resources
Unix Tools 1 Jeff Freymueller Resources • Unix and Linux – It comes with the package • Macintosh – Really a Unix machine with fancy wrapping – Terminal.app • Windows – VirtualBox: hFp://www.virtualbox.org/ – Or you could try Cygwin: hFp://www.cygwin.com/ Outline • What is Unix, what is the shell? • Directories, files, wildcards • RedirecPng input/output, pipes • Variables and control • Power tools: GMT, etc. in future lectures • Need more power? Upgrade to perl! • perl = PracPcal ExtracPon and ReporPng Language • perl = Pathologically Extensible Rubbish Lister! Unix • Unix is the most common operang system for “serious computers” – Developed in 1969 at Bell Labs (of the old AT&T) – At first, could support two simultaneous users! – RewriFen in C in 1973 (before that, assembly language) • From Wikipedia: – Unix was designed to be portable, mulP-tasking and mulP-user in a Pme-sharing configuraon. Unix systems are characterized by various concepts: the use of plain text for storing data; a hierarchical file system; treang devices and certain types of inter-process communicaon (IPC) as files; and the use of a large number of sodware tools, small programs that can be strung together through a command line interpreter using pipes, as opposed to using a single monolithic program that includes all of the same func6onality. These concepts are known as the Unix philosophy. Unix, Unices, Linux • Numerous Unix variants have sprung up over the years, some academic and some commercial. – BSD, Solaris, HP-UX, … – Linux is unix-like, not Unix • Started as a hobby project by Linus Torvalds • Made useful by existence of free, open source sodware tools (like the Gnu project) • OS consists of two major parts: kernel and everything else – Kernel: master control program, starts and stops processes, handles low-level file/disk access, etc. -
A Crash Course on UNIX
AA CCrraasshh CCoouurrssee oonn UUNNIIXX UNIX is an "operating system". Interface between user and data stored on computer. A Windows-style interface is not required. Many flavors of UNIX (and windows interfaces). Solaris, Mandrake, RedHat (fvwm, Gnome, KDE), ... Most UNIX users use "shells" (or "xterms"). UNIX windows systems do provide some Microsoft Windows functionality. TThhee SShheellll A shell is a command-line interface to UNIX. Also many flavors, e.g. sh, bash, csh, tcsh. The shell provides commands and functionality beyond the basic UNIX tools. E.g., wildcards, shell variables, loop control, etc. For this tutorial, examples use tcsh in RedHat Linux running Gnome. Differences are minor for the most part... BBaassiicc CCoommmmaannddss You need these to survive: ls, cd, cp, mkdir, mv. Typically these are UNIX (not shell) commands. They are actually programs that someone has written. Most commands such as these accept (or require) "arguments". E.g. ls -a [show all files, incl. "dot files"] mkdir ASTR688 [create a directory] cp myfile backup [copy a file] See the handout for a list of more commands. AA WWoorrdd AAbboouutt DDiirreeccttoorriieess Use cd to change directories. By default you start in your home directory. E.g. /home/dcr Handy abbreviations: Home directory: ~ Someone else's home directory: ~user Current directory: . Parent directory: .. SShhoorrttccuuttss To return to your home directory: cd To return to the previous directory: cd - In tcsh, with filename completion (on by default): Press TAB to complete filenames as you type. Press Ctrl-D to print a list of filenames matching what you have typed so far. Completion works with commands and variables too! Use ↑, ↓, Ctrl-A, & Ctrl-E to edit previous lines. -
Configuring Your Login Session
SSCC Pub.# 7-9 Last revised: 5/18/99 Configuring Your Login Session When you log into UNIX, you are running a program called a shell. The shell is the program that provides you with the prompt and that submits to the computer commands that you type on the command line. This shell is highly configurable. It has already been partially configured for you, but it is possible to change the way that the shell runs. Many shells run under UNIX. The shell that SSCC users use by default is called the tcsh, pronounced "Tee-Cee-shell", or more simply, the C shell. The C shell can be configured using three files called .login, .cshrc, and .logout, which reside in your home directory. Also, many other programs can be configured using the C shell's configuration files. Below are sample configuration files for the C shell and explanations of the commands contained within these files. As you find commands that you would like to include in your configuration files, use an editor (such as EMACS or nuTPU) to add the lines to your own configuration files. Since the first character of configuration files is a dot ("."), the files are called "dot files". They are also called "hidden files" because you cannot see them when you type the ls command. They can only be listed when using the -a option with the ls command. Other commands may have their own setup files. These files almost always begin with a dot and often end with the letters "rc", which stands for "run commands". -
Unix and Linux System Administration and Shell Programming
Unix and Linux System Administration and Shell Programming Unix and Linux System Administration and Shell Programming version 56 of August 12, 2014 Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 Milo This book includes material from the http://www.osdata.com/ website and the text book on computer programming. Distributed on the honor system. Print and read free for personal, non-profit, and/or educational purposes. If you like the book, you are encouraged to send a donation (U.S dollars) to Milo, PO Box 5237, Balboa Island, California, USA 92662. This is a work in progress. For the most up to date version, visit the website http://www.osdata.com/ and http://www.osdata.com/programming/shell/unixbook.pdf — Please add links from your website or Facebook page. Professors and Teachers: Feel free to take a copy of this PDF and make it available to your class (possibly through your academic website). This way everyone in your class will have the same copy (with the same page numbers) despite my continual updates. Please try to avoid posting it to the public internet (to avoid old copies confusing things) and take it down when the class ends. You can post the same or a newer version for each succeeding class. Please remove old copies after the class ends to prevent confusing the search engines. You can contact me with a specific version number and class end date and I will put it on my website. version 56 page 1 Unix and Linux System Administration and Shell Programming Unix and Linux Administration and Shell Programming chapter 0 This book looks at Unix (and Linux) shell programming and system administration. -
Lab 1 FALL 2009
CSE2301 Lab 1 FALL 2009 In this lab, you will be introduced to the Linux operating system. The basic commands will be presented in this lab. By the end of you alb, you will be asked to perform simple operations and submit a script of the terminal session. What is a shell? A shell is th interface between you and the computer. It accepts commands typed by the user and then uses the operating system in order to execute these commands. For example the command could be ls followed by enter sh-3.00$ ls emp.data f2 file1 one_liners.log one_liners.pdf p1 p3 f1 f3 ile2 one_liners.odt one_liners.ps p2 sh-3.00$ Before you enter ls the shell displayed the prompt (in this case sh-3.00$) and sits patiently waiting for your input. After typing ls and pressing enter, it takes the command (ls – listing all the files in the current directory) and runs it (using the OS) producing the shown output. Where the shell can find the program ls to run? There is a variable called PATH (We will discuss how to set PATH variable later). This variable lets the shell looks for any command that you type in specific places, if the command is not in one of the places defined by PATH, then the shell displays a message on the form (The exact form depends on what shell you are running on your system) sh-3.00$ Command not found ls is one of many basic commands that you can use to manipulate your files. -
Curriculum Vitae of Nicole Ashley Hamilton
Nicole Hamilton Computer Science and Engineering University of Michigan 2649 Beyster 2260 Hayward Street Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2121 [email protected] https://web.eecs.umich.edu/~nham/ Summary Lecturer in computer science and engineering at University of Michigan. Previously, lecturer in electrical engineering at University of Washington Bothell. Founder of Hamilton Laboratories and author of Hamilton C shell, a software tools package for developers on Windows. Wrote the query language and ranker for the first release of Microsoft’s Bing search engine. Expertise in digital design, Verilog, C, C++, embedded systems, processors, device drivers, compilers, circuits, transistors, search engines, OS concepts, algorithms, heuristics, Linux, program management, intellectual property, licensing. Education MBA valedictorian, High Honors, Boston University, May 1987. BS and MS, Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, June 1973. Experience Sep 2017 to Present Lecturer III, Computer Science and Engineering University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Instructor for EECS 280, C++ and Object-Oriented Programming, and EECS 398, System Design in C++, a course I created where students work in teams of five or six to build a whole search engine from scratch. Also serve on our program committee and as an undergraduate advisor. Jun 2013 to Jun 2017 Lecturer, Electrical Engineering University of Washington Bothell Instructor for BEE 271, Digital Design with Verilog, BEE/CSS 371 Business of Technology, a course on entrepreneurship, and the labs for BEE 233 Circuits, BEE 332 Transistors and BEE 425 Microprocessors. Adviser to numerous teams on their senior Capstone projects. Past teams have built a diagnostic tool for large trucks (PACCAR), a pulse width modulated motor controller using a PIC 18F4550, a DSP for an ECG using a Zynq-7000 (both Phillips) and an SDRAM controller in Verilog for the open source mips32r1 soft processor (IEEE Nexus).