Palabnooyo HARR RVIC, TIOI

PAlABNOOYO HARR RVIC, TIOI

PART 3. JURAS-SIC ANTFHOZOA ANID HYDROZO0A JOHN W. .WELLS

BULLETIN. OF THE AMERICAN, MUSEUM' OF NATURAL HISTORY ~VOLUMEI-82--: ARTICLE 2I NEW' YORK: 1943

PALAEONTOLOGY OF HARRAR PROVINCE, ETHIOPIA

0 PART 3. JURASSIC ANTHOZOA AND HYDROZOA JOHN W. WELLS The Ohio State University, Columbus

BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 82: ARTICLE 2 NEW YORK: 1943 BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume 82, article 2, pages 31-54, plates 5-9

Issued December 30, 1943 CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ...... 37

Previous Work ...... 37

Relationships of the "Fauna"...... 38

List of Localities and Species ...... 38

Undescribed Material...... 40 SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES...... 41

BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 52

INTRODUCTION THE COLLECTION of corals described in this Jurassic corals to be described from this area. paper was made by Dr. Barnum Brown dur- The condition of the corals in the collection ing the course of the Anglo-American Oil can be described as only fair. Too few of them Company exploration of Ethiopia, Dudley were suitable for investigation of the finer Expedition, in 1920-1921. It was turned over internal structure, not merely desirable but to the writer, who welcomed the opportunity essential in dealing with fossil coelenterates. to study this rare material, in 1939.1 Many of them are externally weathered or The specimens in the collection came from eroded, often partially or wholly beekitized. 28 localities and horizons, mostly within a Whenever practicable, thin sections2 or radius of 30 to 50 kilometers of Harrar in ground surfaces were prepared and studied. eastern Ethiopia, south of French Somali- In general, the condition of the stromato- land and west of British Somaliland, and con- poroids was superior to that of the sclerac- stitute the first important collection of tinians.

PREVIOUS WORK In 1932, Zuffardi-Comerci included in her 4, 5) previously recorded by Douville (1908, report on the corals of the Juralias of Somali- p. 153) from an unspecified locality in Ethi- land a fairly complete summary of the work opia. Later, in 1924, Cottreau listed (p. 579) on Mesozoic corals in the Ethiopian-Somali- Isastrea sp. cf. I. limitata McCoy and Mille- land region up to that year. Since then only poridium sp. from the Harrar region. Zuf- Thomas's valuable paper on the Jurassic fardi-Comerci, in 1932, described from the corals of British Somaliland and Zuffardi- "oolitico medio" (Upper Jurassic) of the Comerci's later one on the Jurassic corals of Arussi Plateau the following species: Orbi- Ogaden, southern Ethiopia, have appeared cella lifolensis (Michelin),* Goniastrea aloysii- (1935, 1938). Most of the previous work has sabaudiae Zuffardi-Comerci, Thecosmilia an- dealt with material collected in the coastal nularis (Fleming), Calamophyllia flabellum regions, and very few corals have been re- var. compacta Koby, Latimaeandra undans ported from the more remote hinterlands. ltallon, Milleporidium arrabidensis (De- The first mention of Mesozoic corals from horne),* and Actinostromaria darroensis Zuf- Ethiopia seems to have been in 1905 when fardi-Comerci.* More recently, she described Dacque identified Astrocoenia subornata var. the following forms (1938) from Upper africana Weissermel from the Cretaceous of Jurassic rocks at Scec Hose, Fafan Valley, the Arussi Plateau (Gulgula). Later Dehorne Ogaden: Stylina ogadensis Zuffardi-Comerci, described and figured the specimens of Stro- Astrocoenia bernensis Koby, Stromatopora matopora douvilleig (1920, p. 86, pl. 5, figs. douvillei Dehorne,* Milleporidium somaliense I Besides the 17 Jurassic and one doubtfully Creta- Zuffardi-Comerci,* and Burgundia tertia Zuf- ceous species described, the collection also contains five fardi-Comerci. specimens of corals from "Eocene, Camel Corps Camp, Of the total of 14 Jurassic coral species British Somaliland (upper part-Upper Sheik)." The previously reported from wretched condition of these does not warrant their de- Ethiopia, 7 are scription, but it may be noted that the genera Acropora recognized in the present collection (although and Seriatopora are represented. These suggest an age not by the same name in every case) in addi- younger than Eocene. tion to 10 new ones. Thus the number of 2 Many of them by Clyde T. Hardy, geology student species now known to occur in various Juras- at the Ohio State University. 8 Species marked by asterisk are further considered in sic horizons in eastern and southern Ethiopia the present paper. is raised to 24. 38 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 82 RELATIONSHIPS OF THE "FAUNA" Corals are distributed in several horizons of cies from the Bathonian of Cutch. The previ- the Jurassic in Ethiopia, apparently mostly in ously recognized species occur elsewhere as the Upper Jurassic, but in the present ab- follows: one in southern Ethiopia, one in sence of any detailed stratigraphic informa- Ethiopia and Tunisia, one in Ethiopia and tion about the Harrar region, the collection Italian Somaliland, three in British Somali- dealt with here is provisionally viewed col- land, three in British Somaliland and Italian lectively as a single fauna. Of the 17 species Somaliland, and one in Ethiopia and Europe. recognized in it (excluding an Amphiastrea Of the total number of forms, 11 species, from an horizon doubtfully Cretaceous), or about 65 per cent, occur in Ethiopia or seven are new (including one new genus and regions adjacent to Ethiopia in beds of Ox- one form previously identified with another fordian age (British Somaliland, Thomas, species), while the remaining ten are identi- 1935) and their equivalents ("oolitico medio," fied with or referred to previously described southern Italian Somaliland and southern species. Of the new forms, three have no in- Ethiopia, Zuffardi-Comerci, 1932, 1938), and dicated close relationships with other forms, the corals of the Harrar region apparently three are allied to species of the European represent an extension of this fauna (exclud- Upper Jurassic (one also occurs in British ing the "Liassic" species not considered in Somaliland), and one is very close to a spe- this paper).

LIST OF LOCALITIES' AND SPECIES 1. Jig Jiga (Giggiga), Cretaceous?," 500 feet 2. Jig Jiga, "lower pass to Adowa, upper beds," above granite: elevation 7000-7150 feet, about 25 kilome- Amphiastrea sp. ters north of west of Jig Jiga: Milleporidium somaliense Zuffardi-Co- 1 The place names are as spelled on the route map of merci the Dudley Expedition (see Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Abeba sheets, International Map of the World, Isti- Hist., vol. 82, art. 1, map 1, 1943), the base map being tuto Geografico Militare (Italy), edition of 1934. the Harrar sheet, Carte de la C6te frangaise des Somalis, 2 This is a field age determination. An examination of Service G6ographique des Colonies, 1909. Names in the molluscan fauna from this locality indicates that it parentheses are spellings used on the Harrar and Addis is of Jurassic age.-H. E. VoKEs.

PLATE 5 1. Isastrocoenia lobata (Gregory) . p. 41 No. 25266; "a" indicates position of Portion of a branch, XI. Hypotype, thin section. Grau. A.M.N.H. No. 25262. Locality un- 6. Isastrocoenia lobata (Gregory) . p. 41 certain (see page 42). Vertical thin section of nodular speci- 2. Isastrocoenia lobata (Gregory) . p. 41 men, X2.2. Hypotype, A.M.N.H. Transverse thin section, showing No. 25264. Ego-Komboltcha. septal trabeculae, X4. Hypotype, 7. Isastrocoenia lobata (Gregory) . p. 41 A.M.N.H. No. 25265. Feyambiro. Transverse thin section, X2.2. Hy- 3. Isastrocoenia lobata (Gregory) . p. 41 potype, A.M.N.H. No. 25263. Mt. Portion of a branch, XI. Hypotype, Aiya Makkeran. A.M.N.H. No. 25261. Feyambiro. 8. Astrocoenia browni, new species . . . p. 41 4. Isastrocoenia obata (Gregory) . p. 41 Holotype, A.M.N.H. No. 25266. Calices of same specimen as preced- Transverse thin section, X6. ing figure, X2.2. 9. Microphyliia somalica (Thomas) p. 43 Astrocoenia new p. 41 Surface of worn corallum, XI. Hy- 5. browni, species potype, A.M.N.H. No. 25268. Six Corallum of holotype, XI. A.M.N.H. miles north of Dirre Daua. BULLETIN AMER. Mus. NAT. HIST. VOL. 82, PLATE S

4 BULLETIN AMER. Mus. NAT. HIST. VOL. 82, PLATE 6

I 2

6 1943 WELLS: JURASSIC ANTHOZOA AND HYDROZOA 39 M. zuffardiae, new species 13. Budame [Annia Illikon], about 30 kilometers 3. Feyambiro (Fiambiro), about 30 kilometers southwest of Harrar: north of east of Harrar, Mt. Kondudo Isastrocoenia lobata (Gregory) (Cunduda) section, about 10 kilometers Milleporidium zuffardiae, new species east of Feyambiro, 500-700 feet above base 14. Dogou, about 35 kilometers southwest of Har- of Jurassic section: rar, "thick 15-ft. ledge above ammonite Isastrocoenia lobata (Gregory) zone'': 4. Feyambiro, Mt. Kondudo section, elevation Actinostromaria darroensis Zuffardi-Co- 8600 feet: merci Amphiastrea gibberosa (Gregory) 15. Dogou, "west side of Mt. Mummitchi, 1100 ft. below base of 'Oxfordian(?)' section": 5. Feyambiro, about 700 feet above base of Thamnasteria aethiopica, new species Jurassic section: 16. Barzala, "south side of Mt. Mummitchi, ele- Montastrea sp. aff. M. lifoliana (Michelin) vation 6775 ft., 'coral series, limestone be- 6. Feyambiro, elevation 8050 feet: low ammonite zone' ": Thamnasteria aethiopica, new species Actinostromaria darroensis Zuffardi-Co- 7. Feyambiro, elevation 8350-8450 feet: merci Isastrocoenia lobata (Gregory) Milleporidium zuffardiae, new species Stromatopora douvillei Dehorne 17. Ganame [Annia Galla], about 48 kilometers Milleporidium zuffardiae, new species southwest of Harrar: 8. Feyambiro, elevation 8720 feet: 1 Thamnasteria smithi, new species Lochmaeosmilia aethiopica, new genus, 18. Ganame, "limestone ledge above ammonite new species zone'': 9. Gotchar [Kurtcha], about 60 kilometers north Amphiastrea gibberosa (Gregory) of east of Harrar and 28 kilometers north- 19. Danaba, about 40 kilometers southwest of east of Feyambiro, 500 feet above base of Harrar: section: Actinostroma praesalevensis Zuffardi- Amphiastrea gibberosa (Gregory) Comerci Milleporidium zuffardiae, new species 10. Gotchar, elevation 8750 feet: 20. Ego-Komboltcha, about 17 kilometers north Stromatopora harrarense, new species of Harrar, 700 feet above granite: S. kurtchensis, new species Isastrocoenia lobata (Gregory) 11. Harrar, "450 ft. from top of hill": Stylina macfadyeni Thomas Actinostroma praesalevensis Zuffardi-Co- 21. Dirre Daua (Diredaua, Dirdab6), top of hill merci east of city, "thick limestone strata 100 ft. Milleporidium zuffardiae, new species above conglomerate base": 12. Grau, about 30 kilometers southwest of Har- Actinostroma darroensis Zuffardi-Comerci rar, "top of ledge limestone, elevation 8475 22. Dirre Daua, "heavy limestone series overlying ft.": conglomerate at base": Astrocoenia browni, new species Stylina macfadyeni Thomas

PLATE 6 1. Thamnasteria smithi, new species. p. 45 holotype, A.M.N.H. No. 25269, XI. Transverse thin section of holotype, Ganame. X6. A.M.N.H. No. 25269. Ganame. 5. Thamnasteria aethiopica, new species p. 44 2. Thamnasteria aethiopica, new species . p. 44 Transverse thin section, X4. Para- Corallum of holotype, X0.5. type, A.M.N.H. No. 25272. Feyam- A.M.N.H. No. 25270. Dogou, west biro. side of Mt. Mummitchi. 6. Thamnasteria aethiopica, new species p. 44 3. Stylina macfadyeni Thomas . p. 42 Calicular surface, X2.2. Paratype, Calicular surface, X2.2. Hypotype, A.M.N.H. No. 25271. Six miles A.M.N.H. No. 25267. Dirre Daua. north of Dirre Daua. 4. Thamnasteria smithi, new species. p. 45 7. Thamnasteria aethiopica, new species. p. 44 Natural transverse section of clump, Calicular surface of holotype, X2.2. A.M.N.H. No. 25270. 40 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 82 23. Dirre Daua, "lower blue limestone": 26. Dirre Daua, 6 miles north of, "100 ft. below Stylina sp. cf. S. lort-phillipsi (Gregory) top of ammonite zone": Actinostromaria darroensis Zuffardi-Co- Thamnasteria aethiopica, new species merci 27. Mt. Aiya Makkeran, near Biya Kaboba (Bi- Stromatopora douvillei Dehorne jakaboba), about 135 kilometers east of S. kurtchensis, new species north of Harrar, "24 ft. above Triassic Milleporidium zuffardiae, new species schists": 24. Dirre Daua, "limestone series, from base of Isastrocoenia lobata (Gregory) thick 2-10-ft. beds above conglomeratic Stylina sp. cf. S. lort-phillipsi (Gregory) limestone that overlies sandstone": Milleporidium zuffardiae, new species Amphiastrea gibberosa (Gregory) 28. Mt. Aiya Makkeran, "from 50 ft. above base Actinostromaria darroensis Zuffardi-Co- to top": merci Amphiastrea gibberosa (Gregory) Stromatopora kurtchensis, new species Actinostromaria darroensis Zuffardi-Co- 25. Dirre Daua, 6 miles west of, "100 ft. below merci sandstone": Stromatopora harrarense, new species Microphyllia somalica (Thomas) Milleporidium zuffardiae, new species UNDESCRIBED MATERIAL 1. Top of hill west of Dirre Daua, "from thick with five cycles of thin, uniting, slightly limestone 100 ft. above conglomerate": perforate septa apparently composed of One small fragment showing internal simple trabeculae, with occasional synap- molds in hiigh relief of Stylina (?) ticulae, a synapticulothecal (?) wall, and 2. Grau, "top of limestone ledge, 8475 ft. eleva- a papillose columella; probably The- tion": coseris Two fragments of solitary pleurosmilians 4. Feyambiro, elevation 8720 feet: (Axosmilia ?) One small, rolled, microsolenid coral so 3. Ganame, "near base of Oxfordian": riddled by lithophagous mollusks as to One worn fragment of solitary, trochoid, be further indeterminable. procyclolitid coral, 1-8 mm. in diameter, SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES CLASS ANTHOZOA corallites it is weak and discontinuous verti- ORDER HEXACORALLIA cally. Endotheca very scarce and in thin sections the corallites appear to have been open SUBORDER SCLERACTINIA to considerable depth. FAMILY ASTROCOENDA REMARKS: The specimen is much worn and GENUS ASTROCOERNIA MILNE EDWARDS the external aspect of the calices is very poor- AND HAIME, 1848 ly shown. Astrocoenia browni,l new species Astrocoenia browni is unusual for species of Plate 5, figures 5, 8 this genus in the variability in size and shape OCCURRENCE AND MATERIAL: Grau, Har- of the corallites, the irregularity of septal rar Province, "top of ledge limestone, eleva- arrangement and digito-columniform growth tion 8475 ft.," one specimen (holotype, habit. It can be distinguished from Isastro- A.M.N.H. No. 25266). coenia lobata (p. 41) by the smaller calices, DESCRIPTION: Corallum composed of ir- fewer, non-confluent septa, well-developed regularly digitate, upright proliferations, columella, and long, prismatic corallites. Few forking at a low angle, usually incompletely other species of Astrocoenia resemble it at all separated from each other. Diameter of larg- closely. The number of septa is lower, and est branch, 20 by 37 mm.; another, 20 by 22 the habitus is different, but the size of the as in A. mm., comprising three partially differentiated corallites is the same bernensis Koby branches. Corallites long, cerioid, inclining (1886, p. 291, pl. 86, figs. 9, 10), of the Upper outwards but very slightly from the axis of Jurassic (Oxfordian-Tithonian) of Europe, the branch, directly and closely united to which has been identified from Cutch (Cal- each other by their walls, which are thick- lovian) by Gregory (var. indica, 1900, p. 62, ened by heavy stereome deposits. Calices p. 15, figs. 6, 7), from the "oolitico medio" shallow, with non-exsert septa, polygonal, of Italian Somaliland by Zuffardi-Comerci usually pentagonal, ranging in diameter from (1932, p. 67, pl. 2, figs. 2, 3), and from the 1.0 to 2.5 mm., most of them between 1.5 and Trigonia smeei beds of Tanganyika by Die- 2.0 mm. Septa very thick peripherally from trich (1926, p. 90, pl. 6, figs. 2, 5, pl. 7, fig. 5, deposition of stereome, tapering rapidly axi- pI. 10, figs. 2, 3, pl. 12, figs. 2, 3). A. somalica ally, laterally lightly granulated, subequal Thomas (1935, p. 31, pl. 3, fig. 3) has much and alternating only slightly in thickness and larger corallites (4-5 mm.). A. newtoni length. The number of septa varies from 11 to Gregory (1925, p. 24, pl. 4, figs. 2a, b), from 16, the usual number being 14, two complete the Bihen limestone at Bihendula, British cycles, with the third developed in two moie- Somaliland, is a ramose species with consider- ties of two systems. The arrangement is very ably larger calices and more septa. irregular, although the basic hexameral plan, GENUS ISASTROCOERNIA GREGORY, 1900 with the first cycle extending to the colu- This genus is very close to Astrocoenia, and mella and with the second cycle shorter, is the differences between them are so slight as discernible in about a third of the corallites. to suggest only subgeneric rank for Isastro- But in many instances the number of septa coenia. It lacks the well-developed styliform reaching the columella is as low as three, in columella of Astrocoenia, the corallites in the others all but one or two extend to it, and in genotypic species are subplocoid (but cerioid exceptional ones none appears to join the in the form discussed below), and intraten- columella. The septa of adjoining corallites tacular budding, rarely if ever observed in are nowhere continuous with each other Astrocoenia, is not uncommon. through or across the walls. The columella is very small, styliform, just visible in the bot- Isastrocoenia lobata (Gregory) tom of the shallow calicular fossette; in some Plate 5, figures 1-4, 6, 7 Isastrocoenia lobata THOMAS, 1935, p. 32, pl. 3, 1 For Dr. Barnum Brown. figs. 4a-c, 5 (with synonymy). 42 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 82 OCCURRENCE AND MATERIAL: Feyambiro, The larger septa, as seen in horizontal sec- Harrar Province, elevation 8350-8450 feet, tions, are composed of 6 to 9 simple trabecu- six specimens; locality uncertain, four speci- lae spaced about 6 to the millimeter. mens (this material resembles very closely in The specimen from Mt. Aiya Makkeran, a lithology and general appearance that from small, worn mass entirely enclosed by matrix, Feyambiro and very possibly may be from and studied by thin section, may have had that locality); Mt. Kondudo section, Feyam- the subcylindrical nodular corallum of the biro, 500-700 feet above base of Jurassic, typical form. The corallites show some stere- one specimen (external mold); Ego-Kom- ome, and no trace whatever of a columella. boltcha, 700 feet above granite, one speci- I. lobata occurs elsewhere in the Callovian- men; Budame, one worn fragment doubt- Kimmeridgian (?) Bihen limestone at Bi- fully referred to this species; Mt. Aiya Mak- hendula (type locality) and Hamud, and in keran (Biya Kaboba), Harrar Province, "24 the Callovian at Ida-Kabieta Hill, east- ft. above Triassic schists," one specimen. southeast of Bihendula, British Somaliland. REMARKS: Thomas describes the form of this species as "irregularly cylindrical, nodu- FAMILY STrYLINIDAE lar, its surface with low, broad, hummocky GENUS STYLINA LAMARCK, 1816 elevations, or short blunt projections," while Stylina macfadyeni Thomas all the specimens listed above, with the pos- Plate 6, figure 3 sible exception of the last, are fragments of stubby branches, 8-16 mm. in diameter, de- Stylina macfadyeni THOMAS, 1935, p. 28, pl. 2, rived from low bushy clumps. The corallite figs. lOa-c. walls are polygonal in outline, thin, septo- OCCURRENCE AND MATERIAL: Dirre Daua, thecal and not thickened by stereome as they -Harrar Province, one specimen from "heavy often are in the specimens from British limestone series overlying conglomerate at Somaliland described by Thomas. These two base"; Ego-Komboltcha, one specimen, "700 points, growth form and lack of stereome, ft. above granite." might indicate specific difference, but the REMARKS: The specimen from Dirre Daua, writer is of the opinion that the first is an eco- silicified, is part of a large massive colony logical rather than genetic variation, and that with an irregular, subnodular surface. In the lack of stereome in the Ethiopian speci- every respect it corresponds to Thomas's mens is what should be expected in the more description, and externally it is in better con- rapidly proliferating branches of colonies. dition than his figured material. The calices

PLATE 7 1. Montastrea sp. aff. M. lifoliana (Mich- 25273. Jig Jiga, 500 feet above gran- elin). p. 45 ite. Worn corallum, XI. Figured speci- 5. Amphiastrea gibberosa (Gregory) . p. 46 men, A.M.N.H. No. 25275. Feyam- Nodular corallum, XI. Hypotype, biro. A.M.N.H. No. 25274. Dirre Daua. 2. Lochtmaeosmilia aethiopica, new species p. 49 6. Amphiastrea gibberosa (Gregory) p. 46 Worn corallum, holotype, XI. Corallum, XI. Hypotype, A.M.N.H. A.M.N.H. No. 25278. Feyambiro. No. 25277. Mt. Kondudo section, Feyambiro. 3. Lochmaeosmilia aethiopica, new species p. 49 7. Amphiastrea gibberosa (Gregory). . . p. 46 Transverse thin section near base of Transverse thin section, X2.2. Hy- corallum, showing remains of a few potype, A.M.N.H. No. 25276. Mt. corallites, X6. Holotype, A.M.N.H. Makkeran. No. 25278. 8. Amphiastrea gibberosa (Gregory) p. 46 4. Amphiastrea sp. p. 48 Calices of specimen shown in 6, Calicular surface of corallum, xl. X2.2. Hypotype, A.M.N.H. No. Figured specimen, A.M.N.H. No. 25277. BULLETIN AMER. Mus. NAT. HIST. VOL. 82, PLATE 7

6 7

8 4 1943 WELLS: JURASSIC ANTHOZOA AND HYDROZOA 43 project as much as 1 mm. above the inter- soemmertngii Muenster in Goldfuss, 1829 (p. corallite areas and are marked by a well- 109, pI. 38, fig. 1). Upper Kimmeridgian, developed styliform columella. Thomas's Nattheim (holotype in Berlin Museum). specimens do not show this structure, but it The holotype specimen of M. soemmeringsi, is well known that it is very variable in de- studied by the writer in 1934, has slightly velopment in the same species of this genus porous septa composed of simple trabeculae, and even in the same specimen (Gregory, united by a few synapticulae near the synap- 1900, p. 54). ticulothecal wall. Colony formation is by in- The other specimen is a small, worn, nodu- tratentacular intramural budding, with cen- lar corallum with the internal structure fairly ters linked by lamellae, forming meandrine well preserved. A columella is absent, and coralla. It is, therefore, a calamophylliid the tabular exotheca and endotheca are well coral related to Calamophyllia, Latomeandra, defined. etc., and can be distinguished from Meandro- The type specimens of this species came phyllia D'Orbigny (Meandraraea Atallon, from the Daghami section (Divesian-Argo- Latimaeandraraea De Fromentel), which it vian), British Somaliland. closely resembles, by the septal structure. In Meandrophyllia the septa are more porous Stylina sp. cf. S. lort-phillipsi (Gregory) and united by very abundant synapticulae. Stylina lort-phillipsi THOMAS, 1935, p. 28, pl. 2, figs. 8, 9 (with synonymy). Microphyllia somalica (Thomas) OCCURRENCE AND MATERIAL: Mt. Aiya Plate 5, figure 9 Makkeran, "24 ft. above the Triassic schists," Maeandraraea somalica THOMAS, 1935, p. 34, one specimen (A.M.N.H. No. 25293); Dirre pl. 3, fig. 6, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2a, b. Daua, "lower blue limestone," one specimen (A.M.N.H. No. 25294). OCCURRENCE AND MATERIAL: Six miles REMARKS: The specimen from Mt. Aiya west of Dirre Daua, 100 feet below sandstone, Makkeran, 15 mm. in diameter, corresponds one specimen (A.M.N.H. No. 25268). closely to Gregory's species except that it REMARKS: The single specimen is a badly appears to be a fragment of a branch, whereas weathered portion of a broad explanate- S. lort-philipsi is massive. In this regard, colony. The calicular series are short, with see the remarks under S. macfadyeni. rarely as many as three centers, bounded by The specimen from Dirre Daua is a small subacute collines in the middle of which a fragment showing a few badly weathered common narrow synapticulotheca is de- corallites, 2.5 mm. in diameter, with 12 short veloped. The series are from 6-9 mm. in septa alternating in length and with narrow width. intercorallite areas. Identification of such a The figures given of the internal, structure small bit can only be tentative, but it is prob- by Thomas (1935, pl. 4, figs. 2a, b) show the ably correctly placed. septal structure well. It is the same in the S. lort-phillipsi occurs at Dubar, near Ber- Ethiopian specimen, sublaminar, with few bera, British Somaliland (type locality); in perforations, united by very few synapticulae. the Divesian-Argovian of the Daghami sec- Thomas has compared this form with tion; in the Argovian a considerable distance Latimaeandraraea bonanomii (Koby, 1905, east of Berbera; in the Bihen limestone in the p. 130, pl. 23, figs. 6, 6a) from the Sequanian Jiba Hills and Bihen Gaha, 70 miles east of of Portugal and the Argovian of Switzerland, Berbera (Gregory, 1925); in the same lime- which also appears to be a species of Micro- stone at Bihendula (Thomas); and in the phyllia. Gregory described as Comoseris "oolitico medio" (Lusitanian-Kimmeridgian) microphyllioides (1900, p. 161, pl. 21, fig. 14) at Bur Cal-ie-CorEr, southern Italian Somali- a Microphyllia from the Bathonian of Cutch land (Zuffardi-Comerci, 1932). which is probably related to M. somalica; it has slightly broader valleys with more cen- FAMILY CALAMOPHYLLIIDAE ters. He noted that it was very similar to GENUS MICROPHYLLIA D'ORBIGNY, 1849 M. soemmeringii of the European Kimmerid- GENOTYPE (BY MONOTYPY): Meandrina gian except for the stronger columella of the AA BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 82 Indian species. M. soemmeringii has longer one specimen (paratype, A.M.N.H. No. valleys than M. somalica. Gregory also com- 25272); 6 miles north of Dirre Daua, "100 pared it with Comoseris amplistellata D'Achi- ft. below top of ammonite zone," one speci- ardi (1880, p. 251, pl. 17, figs. Ila, b) of the men (paratype, A.M.N.H. No. 25271). Italian Callovian, but that form, a Micro- DESCRIPTION: Corallum massive, forming phyllia, has much longer series. M. corrugata irregularly rounded nodules, the holotype (Milne Edwards and Haime) (Koby, 1885, p. having the dimensions 15 by 11 by 9 cm. 229, pl. 66, fig. 2, pl. 67, fig. 1, pl. 74, figs. 6, Corallites lacking definite boundaries, united 6a) from the White Corallian (Rauracian) of directly by confluent septocostae. Calices Switzerland is near M. somalica, but the val- practically superficial, averaging 2 mm. in leys are somewhat broader (8-20 mm.) and diameter, their centers from 2 to 3 mm. often have more than three centers. The spe- apart. Septa short, thin, sublaminar, and im- cies nearest the African coral seems to be perforate, united by very rare synapticulae, M. helvetica &tallon (Koby, 1885, p. 230, pl. upper margins beaded, in three more or less 66, fig. 4) from the Swiss Kimmeridgian, complete cycles, rarely uniting by their inner which is similar in every respect, as far as can ends, those of the first two cycles equal and be determined from the single specimen extending to the columella, the third cycle figured and Koby's description. short but equal in thickness to those of the Zuffardi-Comerci identified (1932, p. 66) first two, usually reaching less than halfway one poor specimen from the "oolitico medio" to the columella. Columella parietal, feebly of the Arussi Plateau, southern Ethiopia, as developed or even absent from many coral- Latimaeandra undans (Atallon) (see Koby, lites. 1885, p. 246, pl. 70, figs. 3, 3a), originally REMARKS: This is apparently the first described from the "Corallian" of Valfin genuine species of this genus (sensu stricto) to (Jura). &tallon placed this form in Micro- be described from the East African Jurassic' phyllia (1859, p. 508), and it may likely be and is distinguished by the growth form, low this genus. It has narrower valleys and longer number of septa, and poorly developed colu- series than M. somalica. mella. It belongs to the lomontiana-group of Gregory's Maeandraraea kenyense (1930, p. Thamnasteria, species with compact, non- 206, pl. 19, fig. 8) from the Bathonian of perforate septa, and feeble columella. T. Kenya is almost certainly a Microphyllia. It lomontiana, a Swiss upper Oxfordian species differs from M. somalica by its slightly (Koby, 1887, p. 366, pl. 98, figs. 3, 4, 5; p1. wider valleys with four, five, or more centers 100, fig. 2) has, however, centers from 4.5- in each series. 5.0 mm. distant. Other species with which T. The coral described by De Angelis as aethiopica should be compared are: Thamnastraea arachnoides var. minor from T. kobyi (Gregory) from the Bathonian of the region of Lugh, southern Italian Somali- Cutch has fewer septa and a well-developed land (1900, p. 122, pl. 3, fig. 6), has the aspect columella. T. coquandi (Stallon) (see Koby, of Microphyllia. The single poor figure shows 1887, p. 368, pl. 98, figs. 6, 7; and 1905, p. 119, meandrine corallites in series 3-4 mm. wide, pl. 21, figs. 8, 9) from the upper Oxfordian apparently with lamellar linkages between and Kimmeridgian of western Europe has a centers. well-developed columella and numerous synapticulae in slightly larger corallites and be- FAMILY THAMNASTERIIDAE longs in the concinna group of species. T. GENUS THAMNASTERIA LESAUVAGE, 1823 bourgeati Koby (1887, p. 369, pl. 100, figs. Thamnasteria aethiopica, new species 5, 6), Kimmeridgian of France and Portugal, Plate 6, figures 2, 5-7 OCCURRENCE AND MATERIAL: Dogou, Har- 1 De Angelis d'Ossat's single poor specimen identified rar Province, "west side of Mt. Mummitchi, as Thamnastraea sp. cfr. T. terguemi Milne Edwards and Haime (1900, p. 126) from the valley of the Ueb 1100 ft. below base of 'Oxfordian (?)' sec- northwest of Lugh, southern Italian Somaliland, may tion," one specimen (holotype, A.M.N.H. belong to Thamnasteria, but this cannot be decided No. 25270); Feyambiro, 8050 feet elevation, from his description. 1943 WELLS: JURASSIC ANTHOZOA AND HYDROZOA 45 has corallites of the same dimensions but Thamnasteria smith,1 new species fewer and thicker septa with a strong colu- Plate 6, figures 1, 4 mella. The same applies to T. jaccardi Koby OCCURRENCE AND MATERIAL: Ganame, (1887, p. 377, pl. 102, figs. 9, 9a), T. renevieri Harrar Province, "near top of section," one Koby (1887, p. 379, pl. 103, figs. 2, 2a), T. specimen (holotype, A.M.N.H. No. 25269). globosa Ogilvie (1897, p. 223, pl. 9, fig. 4), and DESCRIPTION: Corallum ramose, composed T. aspera Ogilivie (1897, p. 224, pl. 9, fig. 5), of thick, stubby branches 10-15 mm. in both these last Tithonian species having diameter, nearly vertical in position, closely fewer septa. T. gibbosa Becker (1875, p. 170, spaced, often within 2 mm. of each other. pl. 40, fig. 3), Kimmeridgian of Nattheim, Corallites strongly divergent from axis of rarely has more than 18 septa and a well- branches, with superficial calices opening developed columella. T. concinna (= gracilis?) parallel to branch surfaces. Centers 2.5-3.0 (Goldfuss) (Becker and Milaschewitsch, mm. apart. Septa directly confluent, thin, 1875, p. 169, pl. 40, fig. 2, pl. 51, fig. 4), free on inner edges or uniting with each other, Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian of Switzerland and rarely perforated except near calices, later- Germany, has more closely set centers and ally subspinose and united by rare synaptic- fewer septa; the latter are more perforate, ulae, arranged in three complete cycles and united by numerous synapticulae, and have with the fourth developed in many systems a well-developed columella. T. dendroidea (average number of septa, 36). The septa of Lamouroux, the genotype, as described by ,the first two cycles are equal and extend to Koby (1887, p. 363, pi. 105, figs. 1, 2, 3) from the axis where they often form a feeble parie- the upper Oxfordian of Switzerland has a tal columella. The tertiary septa are shorter, ramose habitus, more closely set centers, often uniting with the primaries and second- fewer septa, and a styliform columella. aries, while the fourth cycle septa, where de- Gregory's figure of a topotype specimen of veloped, are very thin and short. Endotheca this species from the Bathonian of northern very sparse. France (1900, pl. 2A, fig. 13) agrees sub- REMARKS: This new species, although stantially with Koby's material. based upon an imperfect specimen, is never- T. choffati Koby (1887, p. 363, pl. 108, figs. theless 6, 7) from the Upper Jurassic of Switzerland clearly distinct from the preceding appears to be very close to T. aethiopica, one. It may readily be differentiated by its having similar dimensions, the same number different growth form and larger number of of septa, and a parietal columella, but with septa. The two species have in common, how- an explanate growth form. This difference ever, the feebly developed columella. may well be due to local variation. T. met- FAMILY FAVIIDAE tensis Milne Edwards and Haime (Koby, GENUS MONTASTREA De BLAINVILLE, 1830 1887, p. 383, pl. 103, fig. 4) is another closely Montastrea sp. aff. M. Iifoliana (Michelin) related form with explanate corallum. T. Plate 7, figure 1 lorryana Milne Edwards and Haime (Agaricia Compare: lobata Michelin, 1843, p. 116, pl. 27, fig. 5) Astrea lifoliana MICHELIN, 1843, p. 105, p1. 34, of the "Corallian," on the basis of Michelin's fig. 1. figures and later descriptions by Milne Ed- Heliastrea lifolensis MILNE EDWARDS AND wards and Haime (1860, p. 560) and De HAIME, 1857, vol. 2, p. 463; D'ACHIARDI, 1880, Fromentel (1861, p. 216), is another related p. 60; KOBY, 1885, p. 264, pl. 78, figs. 1, 2. species of the lomontiana group. Orbicella lifolensis ZUFFARDI-COMERCI, 1932, The species of Thamnoseris described by p. 62. Koby from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal OCCURRENCE AND MATERIAL: Feyambiro, belong to Thamnasteria (1905, pp. 122-124, Harrar Province, "about 700 ft. above base pl. 23, figs. 1-4), with the exception of T. of Jurassic section," one specimen (A.M.N.H. etalloni (p. 122, pl. 23, fig. 4). T. ogilviae has No. 25275). more septa and T. fromenteli proportionally more septa than T. aethiopica. 1 For Dr. Stanley Smith. 46 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 82 REMARKS: The specimen is only the European lifoliana. D'Achiardi states defi- weathered exterior of a subspherical coral- nitely that his specimen from northern Italy lum, 7.0 by 7.5 cm., the interior being com- (Monte Cavallo) had only three complete pletely filled with saccharoidal calcite. The cycles with no trace of a fourth, and thus it corallites are plocoid, from 2 to 5 mm. apart, may also not be true lifoliana, but closer to with projecting circular calices averaging 7 the African species. mm. in diameter. Costae present, but almost Until better material can be studied and completely worn away. There is no trace of compared the indicated affinity of the East intratentacular budding and the reference to African specimens to M. lifoliana will suffice. Montastrea is fairly certain. The septa are in three complete cycles, those of the first large FAMILY AMPHIASTREIDAE and prominent, meeting the columella, those GENUS AMPEHASTREA STALLON, 1859 of the second thin and short, those of the Amphiastrea gibberosa (Gregory) third very thin and obscure. Laterally they Plate 7, figures 5-8 are strongly granulated, but the nature of their upper margins cannot be determined. Amphiastrea gibberosa THOMAS, 1935, p. 30, p1. Columella parietal and small. 3, figs. 2a, b (with synonymy). Zuffardi-Comerci's description of her speci- OCCURRENCE AND MATERIAL: Kurtcha, men from the "oolitico medio" of Gar- Harrar Province, "500 ft. above base of sec- badima, in the Bale region of southern tion," one specimen; Mt. Kondudo section, Ethiopia, is not very explicit, and there is no elevation 8600 feet, Feyambiro, Harrar Prov- figure, but she stresses its similarity to the ince, two specimens; Mt. Aiya Makkeran, specimens described by Koby from the upper "from 50 ft. above base to top," one speci- Oxfordian of Switzerland, and states that men; Dirre Daua, "limestone series, from the first two septal cycles are complete, the base of thick 2-10-ft. beds above conglomerat- third incomplete (i.e., there are less than 24 ic limestone that overlies sandstone," one septa). But according to both Milne Edwards specimen; Ganame, Harrar Province, "lime- and Haime and Koby, there are three com- stone ledge above ammonite zone," one speci- plete cycles and part of the fourth in M. men. lifoliana. This suggests that the African spec- REMARKS: Thomas has recently discussed imens do not represent the same species as this common Upper Jurassic coral of the

PLATE 8

1. Stromatopora harrarense, new species . P. 50 XO.5, paratype, A.M.N.H. No. Vertical section of holotype, 25286. Kurtcha. A.M.N.H. No. 25285, showing coe- 6. Actinostromaria darroensis Zuffardi- nosteum encrusting Nerinea, X 1. Comerci. p. 49 Kurtcha. Thin section near center of coenos- 2. Stromatopora harrarense, new species p. 50 teum, X4. Hypotype, A.M.N.H. Exterior of coenosteum of holotype, No. 25281. Dogou. XO.5. A.M.N.H. No. 25285. Kurt- 7. Actinostromaria darroensis Zuffardi- cha. Comerci. p. 49 3. Stromalopora harrarense, new species P. 50 Same specimen as preceding; trans- Young coenosteum encrusting nati- verse thin section near surface, show- coid gastropod, X 1, paratype, ing astrorhizae, X4. Hypotype, A.M.N.H. No. 25288. Kurtcha. A.M.N.H. No. 25281. 4. Stromatopora harrarense, new species P. 50 8. Actinostromaria darroensis Zuffardi- Transverse thin section of paratype, Comerci. p. 49 near surface of coenosteum, X2.2. Vertical thin section, X6. Lower part A.M.N.H. No. 25287. Kurtcha. is silicified. Hypotype, A.M.N.H. 5. Stromatopora harrarense, new species p. 50 No. 25282. Top of hill east of Dirre Coenosteum enveloping Nerinea, Daua. BULLETIN AMER. Mus. NAT. HIST. VOL. 82, PLATE 8

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7 BULLETIN AMER. Mus. NAT. HIST. VOL. 82, PLA'TE 9

4 5

8 9 1943 WELLS: JURASSIC ANTHOZOA AND HYDROZOA 47 Ethiopian-Somaliland area, and the three lite axis, but his figure (pl. 3, fig. 2a) shows a specimens from Kurtcha and Feyambiro varying number of them, from 7 to 9, extend- show few details not described by him. The ing that far. Thus the Dirre Daua specimen coralla were originally quite light and hence differs actually only in the smaller size of its now are more or less crushed,' their original corallites, and further substantiates Thomas's shape being nodular or subspherical, rarely as view that the African species is very closely large as one's fist. The specimen from Mt. related to A. piriformis Gregory of the Cal- Aiya Makkeran was utilized for preparation lovian of Cutch. of thin sections in which the internal struc- The specimen from Ganame is intermedi- ture was found to be fairly clearly shown. The ate between the typical form and the one corallite walls are septothecal, and the septa just described. It has small corallites, with laminar, occasionally showing discrete simple secondarily thickened walls, averaging 2.5 trabeculae which are about 15 in number in mm. in diameter, but usually with three larger septa when seen in horizontal section. complete septal cycles (24 septa). None of the septa show the peripheral with- The nodular specimens referred to Isastrea drawal from the wall that is usually found in limitata by Cottreau (1924, p. 579) from the this genus. Harrar region may well be this species. Ac- The specimen from Dirre Daua (pl. 7, fig. 5, cording to his brief description the corallites hypotype, A.M.N.H. No. 25274) is part of are polygonal, thin-walled, with about 24 a weathered nodular corallum which may septa, and no columella. He gives no dimen- represent a subspecies. The corallites average sions, but in I. limitata, a European species, 2.5 mm. in diameter and rarely have more the corallites are from 3-5 mm. in diameter, than a total of 18 to 20 septa arranged in in A. gibberosa from 2.5-5.0 mm. two series-8/8, 9/9, or 10/10. According to A. gibberosa occurs elsewhere in the Bihen Thomas's description (1935, p. 31) the 6 limestone (Divesian-Argovian) of Bihendula septa of the first cycle alone reach the coral- and Daghami, and at Ida Kabeita Hill (Kim- 1 The condition of these specimens is much like that meridigan), British Somaliland (Thomas); in of individuals referred to the stylophyllid genus Elysas- the Daua limestone of Jubaland (Latham, Irca ("Heterastrea") in the Lias of Great Britain. 1929); and in the "oolitico medio" of Bur-

PLATE 9 1. Milleporidium zuffardiae, new species p. 51 6. Mileporidium zuffardiae, new species . p. 51 Weathered coenosteum, showing Transverse thin section of paratype, growth form, X 1. Paratype, X6. A.M.N.H. No. 25292. Mt. Aiya A.M.N.H. No. 25291. Harrar, 450 Makkeran, 24 feet above Triassic feet from top of hill. schists. 2. Stromatopora kurtchensis, new species p. 50 7. Actinostroma praesalevensis Zuffardi- Holotype, XI, A.M.N.H. No. 25284. Comerci. p. 49 Kurtcha. Vertical thin section of coenosteum, 3. Mileporidium zuffardiae, new species . p. 51 X2.2. Hypotype, A.M.N.H. No. Exterior of holotype, X2.2. A.M. 25279. Harrar, 450 feet from top of N.H. No. 25290. Mt. Aiya Makkeran, hill. 24 feet above Triassic schists. 8. Milleporidium somaliense Zuffardi-Co- 4. Actinostroma praesalevensis Zuffardi- merci . p. 51 Comerci. p. 49 Transverse thin section of coenos- Transverse thin section of coenosteum, X2.2. Hypotype, A.M.N.H. teum, X2.2. Hypotype, A.M.N.H. No. 25289. Jig Jiga, lower pass to No. 25280. Denaba. Adowa. 5. Stromatopora douvillei Dehorne . . . p. 50 9. Milleporidium zuffardiae, new species . p. 51 Part of a branching coenosteum, X 1. Longitudinal median section of holo- Hypotype, A.M.N.H. No. 25283. type, X6. A.M.N.H. No. 25290. Dirre Daua, lower blue limestone. 48 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 82 Cal-ie-Corar, southern Italian Somaliland edge zone. Corallites phaceloid, very small, (Zuffardi-Comerci, 1932). very elongate, cylindrical or subprismatic in shape, radiating, with thin epithecal walls, Amphiastrea sp. united by occasional cross tubules. Septa Plate 7, figure 4 laminar and solid, usually arranged in less OCCURRENCE AND MATERIAL: "Cretaceous than three cycles, upper margins unknown, ?,"'1 Jig Jiga, Harrar Province, "500 ft. above probably non-exsert. Columella feeble and granite," one specimen (A.M.N.H. No. parietal, or absent. Endotheca thin and tabu- 25273). lar. REMARKS: The single specimen is very REMARKS: This peculiar form, even though poorly preserved and shows only the worn incompletely known, is distinguished from exterior of a small subnodular corallum. The all other scleractinians by the very small size cerioid calices are shallow, from 3.5-5.0 mm. of the corallites (rarely more than 1 mm. in in diameter, some with a small central fos- diameter) and by the epithecal corallite wall. sette showing no trace of a columella, others Its relationship with the Amphiastreidae is with a feeble parietal columella formed by at present not proved, although the epithecal fusion of inner septal ends. The septa are wall and mode of colony formation are char- usually 16 in number, arranged 4/4/8, the acteristic of this family. The septal arrange- first four more prominent than the rest, usu- ment, however, does not show the bilaterality ally meeting in the center and dividing the usually observed in amphiastreids, and the calice into quadrants. In some calices the corallites are much smaller than is usual. For second series may consist of six septa, one the present the genus is tentatively placed in in each of two quadrants, two in each of the this family with possible affinity with Placo- others. phyllia and Donacosmilia, both of which have The horizon of this specimen is uncertain, much larger corallites and septal bilaterality. but it is not A. gibberosa, having larger coral- The genotype of Stylosmilia, S. michelini lites with proportionally fewer septa. Its Milne Edwards and Haime (middle Oolite of general aspect resembles A. infundibuliformis Europe) is a stylinid coral with septothecal Wells (1932, p. 236, pl. 33, figs. 6, 7) from the wall, costae or costal granulations, and a upper Aptian of Texas, but has much smaller strong styliform columella. Gregory, in his corallites. A. aethiopica Dietrich (1926, p. 62, discussion of Stylosmilia (1900, pp. 44-47) pl. 8, fig. 1) from the "Urgonian" (Trigonia and description of his S. trapeziformis (1900, schwarzi beds) of Tanganyika has larger cor- pp. 47-50, pl. 11, figs. 5-12), failed to dis- rallites with as many as 36 septa. The species tinguish between the septothecal wall of S. is not named at this time because of the un- michelini and the epithecal wall of the Cutch satisfactory condition of the material and specimens. He also considered that colony doubt concerning its origin. There is some formation was by dichotomy of the corallites, resemblance to A. woodiae (Gregory) (1930, i.e., intratentacular budding, but his figures p. 203, pl. 18, fig. 9, pl. 19, fig. 1), from the show that it is by the characteristic mode of Bathonian of Kenya, a form with similar- the amphiastreids-extratentacular budding sized corallites, about the same number of from temporary outpushings of nascent edge septa, but with the corallites long and pris- zone over the epithecal wall. matic, although this latter point is of doubt- S. koniakensis Ogilvie (1897, p. 118, pl. 15, ful significance. figs. 3, 3a, 3b) from the Tithonian of Stram- GENUS LOCHMAEOSMILIA, NEW GENUS berg is another species of Lochmaeosmilia, its close resemblance to L. trapeziformis having GENOTYPE: Stylosmilia trapeziformis Greg- been noted in 1900 by Gregory. It has very ory, 1900. Bathonian, Cutch. small corallites, in which septal bilaterality is DIAGNOSIS: Corallum fasciculate, forming occasionally evident, with an epithecal wall, small, dense clumps by extratentacular bud- and closely resembles the new species de- ding apparently from temporarily developed scribed below. 1 See footnote 2, page 38. 1943 WELLS: JURASSIC ANTHOZOA AND HYDROZOA 49

Lochmaeosmilia aethiopica, new species rhizae in A. praesalevensis, is a distinction. Plate 7, figures 2, 3 The astrorhizae are difficult to locate, and none is shown in Zuffardi-Comerci's only fig- OCCURRENCE AND MATERIAL: Feyambiro, ure (6b) that shows any structural details at Harrar Province, elevation 8720 feet, one all. specimen (holotype, A.M.N.H. No. 25278). The type locality is in the "oolitico medio" DESCRIPTION: Having the characters of the at Bur-Cal-ie-Corar, southern Italian Somali- genus as diagnosed above. Corallites sub- land. It has also been identified from the cylindrical, occasionally subprismatic, rang- Divesian-Argovian at localities in British ing in diameter from 0.6-1.0 mm., but rarely Somaliland by Thomas: the Daghani section attaining the maximum. Septa averaging 10 and from a locality "B.83," a considerable in number, with at least six meeting in the distance east of Berbera. axial space to form a feeble columella, which hollow in many is corallites. GENUS ACTINOSTROMARIA MUNIER-CHALMAS, 1908 REMARKS: The single specimen is a much Actinostromaria darroensis Zuffardi-Comerci worn corallum that was originally subspherical and more than 7 cm. high and equally Plate 8, figures 6-8 broad. The corallites are nearly all completely Actinostromaria darroensis ZUFFARDI-COMERCI, replaced by coarse crystalline calcite and 1932, p. 74, p1. 2, fig. 7. show no structures whatever, but a few are OCCURRENCE AND MATERIAL: Dogou, Har- fairly well preserved and one is able to make rar Province, "thick 15-ft. ledge limestone out some details. The species is very closely above ammonite zone," four specimens; Mt. related to L. trapeziformis (Gregory) of the Aiya Makkeran, "from 50 ft. above base to Bathonian of Cutch, the observable differ- top," one specimen; Barzala, south side of ences being the smaller size of the corallites Mt. Mummitchi, elevation 6775 feet, "coral and fewer septa. These also distinguish it series, limestone below ammonite zone," one from L. koniakensis (Ogilvie) of the Stram- specimen; top of hill east of Dirre Daua, berg Tithonian. "thick limestone strata 100 ft. above conglomerate base," two specimens; Dirre Daua, CLASS HYDROZOA "limestone series from base of thick 2-10-ft. ORDER STROMATOPOROIDEA beds above conglomeratic lime that overlies FAMILY ACTINOSTROMIDAE sandstone," one specimen (identification of 1885 this specimen uncertain); Dirre Daua, "lower GENUS ACTINOSTROMA NICHOLSON, blue limestone," two specimens. Actinostroma praesalevensis Zuffardi-Comerci REMARKS: The specimens are small masses, Plate 9, figures 4, 7 with nodular surfaces, none complete but Actinostroma praesalevensis ZUFFARDI-COMERCI, some originally more than 6 cm. high and at p. 38. 1932, 72, pl. 2, figs. 6a, 6b; THOMAS, 1935, p. least as broad. In section the internal struc- OCCURRENCE AND MATERIAL: Harrar, "450 ture shows up well. The astrorhizae are few ft. from top of hill," one specimen; Danaba, and small, difficult to locate except in sections one specimen. carefully oriented parallel to the surface. The REMARKS: Both specimens are parts of regular polygonal tubes or cavities formed by nodular coenostea, the one from Harrar hav- the vertical elements are about 0.2 mm. in ing been at least 5 cm. high and equally diameter, this dimension checking with the thick. In its basal part can be seen two coe- only figure given by Zuffardi-Comerci of the nosteal branches of Milleporidium zuffardiae internal structure (pl. 2, fig. 7c). A large but which were encrusted and eventually en- badly weathered and partially silicified speci- closed by the growth of the Actinostroma men from the hill east of Dirre Daua shows colony. low, rounded mamelons on the surface of the Small specimens of this species resemble coenosteum, from 6 to 10 mm. apart. Milleporidium somaliense, but the more ir- The type locality of this species is the regular character of the radial and laminar "oolitico medio" (Lusitanian?) at Darro, elements, together with the presence of astro- Arussi Plateau, southern Ethiopia. so BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 82 FAMILY STROMATOPORIDAE elements arranged longitudinally in axial part GENUS STROMATOPORA GOLDFUSS, 1829 of column, and almost perpendicular to sur- (SENSU LATO) face in peripheral parts ("jet d'eau"). Thick- Stromatopora douvillei Dehorne ness of vertical elements 0.15 to 0.3 mm., Plate 9, figure 5 interspaces 0.3 to 0.5 mm. Horizontal ele- Stromatopora douvillei DEHORNE, 1920, p. 85, ments equally thick, connected with vertical p1. 3, figs. 5, 6, pl. 5, figs. 1-5, p1. 9, fig. 9, p1. 14, elements to form a vermicular meshwork fig. 1; ZUFFARDI-COMERCI, 1938, p. 6, pl. 1, figs. when seen in tangential sections and on well- 3, 4. preserved surfaces. Tabulae more abundant OCCURRENCE AND MATERIAL: Dirre Daua, peripherally than axially, from 4 to 6 in a "lower blue limestone," one specimen; Fey- space of 2 mm. ambiro, Harrar Province, elevation 8350 feet, REMARKS: All the specimens from Kurtcha one specimen. originally encrusted nerineid (? Nerinaea REMARKSS: The specimen from Dirre Daua somaliensis Weir) or naticoid gastropods, is part of a curved branch 12 mm. in diame- whereas that from Mt. Aiya Makkeran en- ter, with the surface and internal structure crusted a branch of a ramose scleractinian fairly well shown, including astrorhizae. The (generically indeterminable) and is marked one from Feyambiro is a strongly beekitized by conical mamelons. The internal structure fragment of a branch of the same diameter is not preserved due to beekitization, and the with the structures completely obliterated identification of this specimen is tentative. except for several low, subconical mamelons. S. harrarense is readily distinguished from Dehorne described this species from the re- the other East African stromatoporoids by gion of Tatahouine in the extreme south of the different growth form and the large and Tunisia and included in it also specimens prominent astrorhizae. The writer has not collected in Ethiopia by Douville (1908, p. been able to find other Jurassic species of this 153). Unfortunately no more precise locality genus which seem to be very close to it. of the Ethiopian material retrieved by the S. memoria-naumanni Yabe and Sugiyama French geologist is given. Zuffardi-Comerci (1935, p. 180, pl. 47, figs. 5, 6, et al.) from the has recently (1938) recognized it from Scec Upper Jurassic of Japan has somewhat finer Hose, Fafan Valley, Ogaden, southern Ethi- skeletal structures and a fasciculate growth opia. It is probably related to S. kotoi Yabe form in which the proliferations may grow and Sugiyama (1935, p. 182, pl. 51, figs. 6, 7, very close together and coalesce, with vertical 8, et al.) from the Upper Jurassic of Japan. axial and inclined peripheral elements ("jet d'eau") as in S. harrarense. Another species Stromatopora harrarense, new species which should be compared is S. choffati De- Plate 8, figures 1-5 horne (1920, p. 83, pl. 5, fig. 6, pl. 6, figs. 3, 4, OCCURRENCE AND MATERIAL: Kurtcha, pl. 7, fig. 1, pl. 13, figs. 1, 2) from the Upper Harrar Province, elevation 8750 feet, seven Jurassic of Portugal which has very similar specimens (holotype, A.M.N.H. No. 25285, internal structure and an encrusting growth and paratypes); Mt. Aiya Makkeran, "from form. The specimen figured by Dehorne in 50 ft. above base to top," one specimen. figure 4, plate 6, of her monograph looks very DESCRIPTION: Coenosteum encrusting in much like the Ethiopian specimen of a young early stages, later thickening by upward encrusting coenosteum illustrated in figure 5, growth of closely fused columniform prolifer- plate 8, of this paper. ations, 8-12 mm. in diameter and up to 45 mm. in height, the outer surface being undu- Stromatopora kurtchensis, new species lant or marked by low rounded bosses (not Plate 9, figure 2 mamelons) that are the tops of the columns. OCCURRENCE AND MATERIAL: Kurtcha, Mamelons broad and low or absent. Astro- Harrar Province, elevation 8750 feet, one rhizae large and prominent, averaging 7 mm. specimen (holotype, A.M.N.H. No. 25284); between centers. Structure reticulate, with Dirre Daua, "limestone series from base of little or no indication of zonation. Vertical thick 2-10-ft. beds above conglomeratic lime 1943 WELLS: JURASSIC ANTHOZOA AND HYDROZOA 51 that overlies sandstone," three specimens; mm. basally. There are no marked differences Dirre Daua, "lower blue limestone," one from the material described and figured by specimen. Zuffardi-Comerci from the "oolitico medio," DESCRIPTION: Coenosteum massive, form- bed b, at Bur Budulca, Uddur Plateau, south- ing small subspherical nodules. Mamelons ern Italian Somaliland, or from the material abundant, small but prominent, radially later described by her from the Upper Juras- grooved (by astrorhizal canals), subacute sic at Scec Hose, Fafan Valley, Ogaden, apically, axially distant 3 to 10 mm., 4 to 6 southern Ethiopia. mm. in height, and about 4 mm. in diameter The specimens described by Thomas do basally. Astrorhizae borne mostly on summits not appear to belong to this species. Compari- of mamelons, new ones and mamelons being son of his figure (pl. 5, fig. 5) of a specimen interpolated between and among them. from Daghani, British Somaliland, with Structures like those of S. harrarense but Zuffardi-Comerci's text figure 11, with allow- somewhat finer, the vertical elements 0.1- ance for differences in magnification, shows 0.25 mm., interspaces 0.2-0.4 mm. Tabulae that his specimen has a more finely reticu- thin and abundant, from 8 to 12 in a space of lated, proportionally heavier coenosteum. 2 mm. Latilaminae well marked. Measurements taken from Zuffardi-Comerci's REMARKS: This species should be readily figures, for comparison, together with some recognized by the numerous small but promi- from different Ethiopian specimens, follow:

AXIAL TUBES PERIPHERAL TUBES SPECIMENS (INTERNAL DIAMETERS) (INTERNAL DIAMETERS) M. somaliense Zuffardi-Comerci (types) 0.20 mm. 0.25-0.40 mm. M. somaliense Thomas (British Somaliland) 0.12-0.18 0.12-0.20 M. somaliense Wells (Ethiopia) 0.25-0.40 0.30-0.40 M. zuffardiae, new species 0.10-0.15 0.10-0.18 M. arrabidensis Dehorne 0.15-0.20 0.15-0.25 nent subacute mamelons. The tabulae are Further remarks on this topic are made very completely developed, and in the holo- below under Milleporidium zuffardiae. type apparently secondarily thickened by silification. It is clearly differentiated from Milleporidium zuffardiae,1 new species other species by the extraordinarily high Plate 9, figures 1, 3, 6, 9 mamelons, which are two to three times the ? Mileporidium arrabidensis ZUFFARDI-COMER- CI, 1932, p. 69, pl. 2, fig. 5. usual height. Not Milleporidium arrabidensis DEHORNE, 1920, p. 85, p1. 6, figs. 1, 3, p1. 13, fig. 6, p1. 15, FAMILY MILLEPORIEIIDAR fig. 4. GENUS MILLEPORIDIUM STEINmANN, 1903 Milleporidium somaliense THOMAS, 1935, p. 37, Millepordium somaliense Zuffardi-Comerci pI. 5, fig. 5. Plate 9, figure 8 Not Milleporidium somaliense ZUFFARDI-CO- Mileporidium somaliense ZUFFARDI-COMERCI, MERCI, 1932, p. 70, text figs. 10, 11. 1932, p. 70, text figs. 10, 11; 1938, p. 7, pl. 1, fig. 5. OCCURRENCE AND MATERIAL: Mt. Aiya Not Mileporidium somaliense THOMAS, 1935, Makkeran, Harrar Province, "24 ft. above p. 37, pl. 5, fig. 5. Triassic schists," twelve specimens (holo- OCCURRENCE AND MATERIAL: Jig Jiga, type, A.M.N.H. No. 25290, and paratypes); "lower pass to Adowa, 7000-7150 ft. eleva- Jig Jiga, "lower pass to Adowa, upper beds, tion (upper beds)," two specimens. elevation 7000-7150 ft.," one specimen; REMARKS: The specimens are the upper Feyambiro, Harrar Province, elevation 8350- parts of proliferations showing two axes of 8450 feet, one specimen; locality doubtful, growth measuring 18 by 25 mm. and 22 by 32 1 For Dr. Rosa Zuffardi-Comerci. 52 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 82 two specimens; Dirre Daua, Harrar Province, REMARKS: Zuffardi-Comerci, in the cita- "lower blue limestone," three specimens; tion above, referred to M. arrabidensis De- Danaba, one specimen; Budame, one speci- horne, a species from the Lusitanian of men; Barzala, south side of Mt. Mummitchi, Portugal, a single silicified fragment of a "coral series, elevation 6775 ft., limestone large branch, without a figure of the internal below ammonite zone," one specimen; Har- structure (largely destroyed, according to rar, "450 ft. from top of hill," five specimens her) or other than a general description of the including paratype (A.M.N.H. No. 25291); specimen. The specimen came from the Mt. Aiya Makkeran, Harrar Province, "oolitico medio" at Malca Duba, Arussi-Bale "from 50 ft. above base to top," one specimen region, southern Ethiopia, and may belong (identification uncertain). to the present species. M. arrabidensis is very DESCRIPTION: Coenosteum characteristi- close to M. zuffardiae, as reference to De- cally composed of relatively long, mostly up- horne's figures and to the table of measure- right stubby branches, ranging in diameter ments previously given will show, but the from 6 to 16 mm., averaging 12 mm. Some former is somewhat coarser. show bifurcation at an angle of about 40 de- The specimens from British Somaliland re- grees, the two branches thus produced rap- ferred by Thomas to M. somaliense are, in the idly becoming parallel to the main stem; opinion of the writer, better placed in M. others are irregularly curved with short pro- zuffardiae. The internal structure corresponds liferations nearly at right angles. The surface, very closely to that of the latter, and the where well preserved, shows a fine, slightly growth form is mostly branching, with vermiculate reticulum, with neither mame- branches ranging from 15-30 mm. in thick- lons nor astrorhizae. Internally the struc- ness, and up to 10 cm. long, but is also nodu- tures are like M. somaliense but finer, the lar. central axial tubes rarely more than 0.15 mm. Besides M. arrabidensis, other closely re- in diameter, the peripheral ones up to as lated species are M. romanica Dehorne (1920, much as 0.18 mm. Dimorphism of tubes ob- p. 86, pl. 5, figs. 7, 8, pl. 13, fig. 4) from the served only in one specimen,' whose identifi- Upper Jurassic of Rumania and M. mille- cation with this species is not certain. All poroides Dehorne (1920, p. 86, pl. 13, fig. 5, structures more regular and uniform than in pl. 16, fig. 8) from the Lusitanian of Portugal. M. somaliense. In these two forms dimorphism of the pe- 1 The specimen from Mt. Aiya Makkeran "from 50 ft. ripheral coenosteal tubules is more pro- above base to top," which shows pronounced dimor- nounced than in either M. arrabidensis or M. phism of tubes in the axial part of the small branch, the zuffardiae. larger ones being as much as 0.4 mm. in diameter. BIBLIOGRAPHY ANGELIS D'OssAT, G. DE, AND F. MILLOSEVICH France, ser. 4, vol. 24, pp. 579-591, pls. 1900. Studio geologico sul materiale raccolto 17-18. da M. Sacchi (Seconda Spedizione Bot- DACQUE, E. tego). R. Soc. Geogr. Italiana, 212 pp., 1905. Beitrage z. Geologie des Somalilandes. 25 figs., 4 pls., 1 map. Teil I. Untere Kreide. Beitr. Paliont. ACHIARDI, A. D' Geol. Osterreich-Ungarns und des Ori- 1880. Coralli giurassici dell' Italia settentri- vol. onale. Atti Soc. Toscana Sci. Nat., vol. ents, 17, pp. 7-20, pls. 2-3. 4, pp. 233-310, pls. 17-20. DEHORNE, Y. BECKER, E., AND C. MILASCHEWITSCH 1920. Les stromatoporoIdes des terrains secon- 1875-1876. Die Korallen der Nattheimer daires. MWm. Carte Geol. France, Stras- Schichten. Palaeontographica, vol. 21, bourg, pp. 1-170, text figs. 1-33, pls. pp. 121-244, pls. 36-51. 1-17. COTTREAU, JEAN DIETRICH, W. 0. 1925. Invert6br6s jurassiques de la region de 1926. Steinkorallen des Malms u. Unterkreide Harar (Abyssinie). Bull. Soc. GMol. im suidlichen deutsch-Ostafrika. Palae- 1943 WELLS: JURASSIC ANTHOZOA AND HYDROZOA 53 ontographica, suppl., vol. 7, pp. 40-102, gal). Com. Serv. Geol. Portugal, Lisbon, pls. 5-14. 167 pp., 30 pls. DOUVILLU, H. LATHAM, M. H. 1908. Le Jurassique de l'extr6me-sud Tunisien. 1929. Jurassic and Kainozoic corals from Bull. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 4, vol. 8, Somaliland. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin- pp. 152-154. burgh, vol. 56, pp. 273-290, text figs. RTALLON, A. 1-4, pls. 1-2. 1859. etudes paleontologiques sur le Haut- MICHELIN, H. Jura. Rayonn6s du corallien. Mem. Soc. 1840-1847. Iconographie zoophytologique, etc. lmul. Doubs, ser. 3, vol. 3, pp. 401-553. Paris, 348 pp., 79 pls. FROMENTEL, E. DE MILNE-EDWARDS, H., AND JULES HAIME 1861. Introduction a l'6tude des polypiers fos- 1857-1860. Histoire naturelle des coralliaires. siles. Paris, 357 pp. Paris, vol. 1 (1857), viii+326 pp.; vol. 2 (1857), 633 pp.; vol. 3 (1860), 560 pp.; GOLDFUSS, A. atlas (1857), 31 pls. 1826-1833. Petrefacta Germaniae. Dusseldorf, OGILVIE, M. M. vol. 1, pp. 42-82, pls. 12-38 (1826- 1897. Die Korallen derStramburger Schichten. 1829). Palaeontographica, suppl., vol. 2, pp. GREGORY, J. W. 73-282, pls. 7-18. 1900. The corals. The Jurassic fauna of Cutch. THOMAS, H. D. Paleont. Indica, ser. 9, vol. 2, pt. 2, pp. 1935. Jurassic corals and hydrozoa, together 1-195, pls. 2A-27. with a redescription of Astraea caryo- 1925. The geology of Somaliland and its rela- phylloides Goldfuss. Geol. Paleont. Brit- tion to the Great Rift Valley. In The ish Somaliland, pt. 2, pp. 23-39, pls. 3-5. collection of fossils and rocks from WELLS, J. W. Somaliland made by Messrs. B. K. N. 1932. Corals of the Trinity group of the Wyllie, B.Sc., F.G.S., and W. R. Smel- Comanchean of central Texas. Jour. lie, D.Sc., F.R.S.Ed. Monogr. Geol. Paleont., vol. 6, pp. 225-256, pls. 30-39. Dept. Hunterian Mus., Glasgow Univ., YABE, H., AND T. SUGIYAMA vol. 1, pp. 1-7, text fig. 1. 1935. Jurassic stromatoporoids from Japan. 1930. The fossil corals of Kenya Colony col, Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ., ser. 2, lected by Miss McKinnon Wood. Ibid. vol. 14, pp. 135-192, pls. 40-71. vol. 4, pp. 185-209, 4 pls. ZUFFARDI-COMERCI, R. KOBY, F. 1932. Corallari e idrozoi del Giuralias della 1881-1890. Monographie des polypiers juras- Somalia. Paleont. Italica, vol. 32, pp. siques de la Suisse. Mem. Soc. Paleont. 49-75, text figs., pls. 1-2. Suisse, pp. 1-582, pls. 1-130. 1938. Corallari e idrozoi Giurassici dell' 1905. Polypiers du Jurassique sup&rieur. Ogaden. Ibid., vol. 32, suppl. vol. 3, pp. (Descr. de la faune jurassique du Portu- 1-9, pls. 1-2. I