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Bond University Research Repository Autoinflation for Hearing Loss Bond University Research Repository Autoinflation for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion Perera, Rafael; Glasziou, Paul P.; Heneghan, Carl J.; McLellan, Julie; Williamson, Ian Published in: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006285.pub2 Licence: Other Link to output in Bond University research repository. Recommended citation(APA): Perera, R., Glasziou, P. P., Heneghan, C. J., McLellan, J., & Williamson, I. (2013). Autoinflation for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013(5), 1-41. [CD006285]. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006285.pub2 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. For more information, or if you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact the Bond University research repository coordinator. Download date: 01 Oct 2021 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Autoinflation for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion (Review) Perera R, Glasziou PP, Heneghan CJ, McLellan J, Williamson I Perera R, Glasziou PP, Heneghan CJ, McLellan J, Williamson I. Autoinflation for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD006285. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006285.pub2. www.cochranelibrary.com Autoinflation for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion (Review) Copyright © 2013 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. TABLE OF CONTENTS HEADER....................................... 1 ABSTRACT ...................................... 1 PLAINLANGUAGESUMMARY . 2 BACKGROUND .................................... 2 OBJECTIVES ..................................... 3 METHODS ...................................... 3 RESULTS....................................... 5 Figure1. ..................................... 8 DISCUSSION ..................................... 10 AUTHORS’CONCLUSIONS . 12 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 12 REFERENCES ..................................... 12 CHARACTERISTICSOFSTUDIES . 16 DATAANDANALYSES. 28 Analysis 1.1. Comparison 1 Tympanometry improvement, Outcome 1 Tympanogram improvement: 1 month or less. 29 Analysis 1.2. Comparison 1 Tympanometry improvement, Outcome 2 Tympanogram improvement: > 1 month. 30 Analysis 2.1. Comparison 2 Audiometry improvement, Outcome 1 Average improvement >= 10 dB in pure-tone audiogram (250Hzto2000Hz)................................ 31 Analysis 2.2. Comparison 2 Audiometry improvement, Outcome 2 Pure-tone threshold. 31 Analysis 3.1. Comparison 3 Improvement (tympanogram or composite), Outcome 1 Improvement composite: 1 month or less. ..................................... 32 Analysis 3.2. Comparison 3 Improvement (tympanogram or composite), Outcome 2 Improvement composite: > 1 month..................................... 33 Analysis 3.3. Comparison 3 Improvement (tympanogram or composite), Outcome 3 Improvement composite by intervention:1monthorless. 34 Analysis 3.4. Comparison 3 Improvement (tympanogram or composite), Outcome 4 Improvement composite by intervention:>1month. 35 ADDITIONALTABLES. 35 APPENDICES ..................................... 36 Figure2. ..................................... 37 Figure3. ..................................... 37 WHAT’SNEW..................................... 39 HISTORY....................................... 40 CONTRIBUTIONSOFAUTHORS . 40 DECLARATIONSOFINTEREST . 40 SOURCESOFSUPPORT . 40 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROTOCOL AND REVIEW . .... 41 INDEXTERMS .................................... 41 Autoinflation for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion (Review) i Copyright © 2013 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [Intervention Review] Autoinflation for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion Rafael Perera1, Paul P Glasziou2, Carl J Heneghan1, Julie McLellan1, Ian Williamson3 1Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 2Centre for Research in Evidence Based Practice, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia. 3Department of Primary Care and Population Science, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, UK Contact address: Rafael Perera, Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK. [email protected]. Editorial group: Cochrane ENT Group. Publication status and date: New search for studies and content updated (no change to conclusions), published in Issue 5, 2013. Citation: Perera R, Glasziou PP,Heneghan CJ, McLellan J, Williamson I. Autoinflation for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD006285. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006285.pub2. Copyright © 2013 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ABSTRACT Background This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in The Cochrane Library in Issue 4, 2006. Otitis media with effusion (OME) or ’glue ear’ is an accumulation of fluid in the middle ear, in the absence of acute inflammation or infection. It is the commonest cause of acquired hearing loss in childhood and the usual reason for insertion of ’grommets’. Potential treatments include decongestants, mucolytics, steroids, antihistamines and antibiotics. Autoinflation devices have been proposed as a simple mechanical means of improving ’glue ear’. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of autoinflation compared with no treatment in children and adults with otitis media with effusion. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group Trials Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); PubMed; EMBASE; CINAHL; Web of Science; BIOSIS Previews; Cambridge Scientific Abstracts; ICTRP and additional sources for published and unpublished trials. The date of the most recent search was 12 April 2013. Selection criteria We selected randomised controlled trials that compared any form of autoinflation to no autoinflation in individuals with ’glue ear’. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently assessed studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and extracted data from included studies. Main results Eight studies, with a total of 702 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the studies were predominantly assessed as being at low or unclear risk of bias; unclear risk was mainly due lack of information. There was no evidence of selective reporting. Pooled estimates favoured the intervention, but did not show a significant effect on tympanometry (type C2 and B) at less than one month, nor at more than one month. Similarly, there were no significant changes for discrete pure-tone audiometry and non- Autoinflation for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion (Review) 1 Copyright © 2013 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. discrete audiometry. Pooled estimates favoured, but not significantly, the intervention for the composite measure of tympanogram or audiometry at less than one month; at more than one month the result became significant (RRI 1.74, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.50). Subgroup analysis based on the type of intervention showed a significant effect using a Politzer device under one month (RRI 7.07, 95% CI 3.70 to 13.51) and over one month (RRI 2.25, 95% CI 1.67 to 3.04). None of the studies demonstrated a significant difference in the incidence of side effects between interventions. Authors’ conclusions All of the studies were small, of limited treatment duration and had short follow-up. However, because of the low cost and absence of adverse effects it is reasonable to consider autoinflation whilst awaiting natural resolution of otitis media with effusion. Primary care could prove a beneficial place to evaluate such interventions and there is ongoing research in this area. Further research should also consider the duration of treatment, the long-term impact on developmental outcomes in children and additional quality of life outcome measures for children and families. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Autoinflation for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion (glue ear) Otitis media with effusion (OME) or ’glue ear’ is very common in children and the hearing loss and discomfort, especially where the effusion is bilateral and long-lasting, may lead to problems with language, development and behaviour. There are a number of treatment options including steroids, antibiotics, decongestants, antihistamines and surgery (the insertion of grommets (ventilation tubes)). Grommet insertion is one of the commonest operations of childhood. The best treatment strategy remains controversial, however, as glue ear often resolves spontaneously within a few months. Autoinflation is a technique whereby the Eustachian tube (the tube that connects the middle ear and the back of the nose) is reopened by raising pressure in the nose. This can be achieved by forced exhalation with closed mouth and nose, blowing up a balloon through each nostril or using an anaesthetic mask. The aim is to introduce air into the middle ear, via the Eustachian tube, equalising the pressures and allowing better drainage of the fluid. This review included eight randomised controlled trials of autoinflation for glue ear.
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