Flood Risk Analysis for the River Scheldt Estuary
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Deltas on the Move Making Deltas Cope with the Effects of Climate Change
Deltas on the move Making deltas cope with the effects of climate change Report nr. 001/2006 Deltas on the move Making deltas cope with the effects of climate change Making deltas cope with the effects of climate change Report nr. 001/2006 Authors Jessica Reker1, Jan Vermaat2, Alphons van Winden1, Marieke Eleveld2, Ron Janssen2, Wim Braakhekke1, Nils de Reus2, Nancy Omzigt2. (1) Stroming, (2) Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM) Vrije Universiteit ISBN-10: 90-8815-001-X ISBN-13: 978-90-8815-001-2 This project (COM11; Deltas on the move) was carried out in the framework of the Dutch National Research Programmes Climate changes Spatial Planning and Living with Water and commissioned by the International Association of Dredging Companies (IADC) and World Wide Fund for Nature Netherlands (WWF) (http://ivm10.ivm.vu.nl/deltas). Copyright @ 2006 National Research Programme Climate changes Spatial Planning / Nationaal Onderzoekprogramma Klimaat voor Ruimte (KvR) All rights reserved. Nothing in this publication may be copied, stored in automated databases or published without prior written consent of the National Research Programme Climate changes Spatial Planning / Nationaal Onderzoekprogramma Klimaat voor Ruimte. In agreement with Article 15a of the Dutch Law on authorship is allowed to quote sections of this publication using a clear reference to this publication. Liability The National Research Programme Climate changes Spatial Planning and the authors of this publication have exercised due caution in preparing this publication. However, it can not be expelled that this publication includes mistakes or is incomplete. Any use of the content of this publication is for the own responsibility of the user. -
1 the DUTCH DELTA MODEL for POLICY ANALYSIS on FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT in the NETHERLANDS R.M. Slomp1, J.P. De Waal2, E.F.W. Ruijg
THE DUTCH DELTA MODEL FOR POLICY ANALYSIS ON FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE NETHERLANDS R.M. Slomp1, J.P. de Waal2, E.F.W. Ruijgh2, T. Kroon1, E. Snippen2, J.S.L.J. van Alphen3 1. Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment / Rijkswaterstaat 2. Deltares 3. Staff Delta Programme Commissioner ABSTRACT The Netherlands is located in a delta where the rivers Rhine, Meuse, Scheldt and Eems drain into the North Sea. Over the centuries floods have been caused by high river discharges, storms, and ice dams. In view of the changing climate the probability of flooding is expected to increase. Moreover, as the socio- economic developments in the Netherlands lead to further growth of private and public property, the possible damage as a result of flooding is likely to increase even more. The increasing flood risk has led the government to act, even though the Netherlands has not had a major flood since 1953. An integrated policy analysis study has been launched by the government called the Dutch Delta Programme. The Delta model is the integrated and consistent set of models to support long-term analyses of the various decisions in the Delta Programme. The programme covers the Netherlands, and includes flood risk analysis and water supply studies. This means the Delta model includes models for flood risk management as well as fresh water supply. In this paper we will discuss the models for flood risk management. The issues tackled were: consistent climate change scenarios for all water systems, consistent measures over the water systems, choice of the same proxies to evaluate flood probabilities and the reduction of computation and analysis time. -
The Quandary of Allied Logistics from D-Day to the Rhine
THE QUANDARY OF ALLIED LOGISTICS FROM D-DAY TO THE RHINE By Parker Andrew Roberson November, 2018 Director: Dr. Wade G. Dudley Program in American History, Department of History This thesis analyzes the Allied campaign in Europe from the D-Day landings to the crossing of the Rhine to argue that, had American and British forces given the port of Antwerp priority over Operation Market Garden, the war may have ended sooner. This study analyzes the logistical system and the strategic decisions of the Allied forces in order to explore the possibility of a shortened European campaign. Three overall ideas are covered: logistics and the broad-front strategy, the importance of ports to military campaigns, and the consequences of the decisions of the Allied commanders at Antwerp. The analysis of these points will enforce the theory that, had Antwerp been given priority, the war in Europe may have ended sooner. THE QUANDARY OF ALLIED LOGISTICS FROM D-DAY TO THE RHINE A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Department of History East Carolina University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in History By Parker Andrew Roberson November, 2018 © Parker Roberson, 2018 THE QUANDARY OF ALLIED LOGISTICS FROM D-DAY TO THE RHINE By Parker Andrew Roberson APPROVED BY: DIRECTOR OF THESIS: Dr. Wade G. Dudley, Ph.D. COMMITTEE MEMBER: Dr. Gerald J. Prokopowicz, Ph.D. COMMITTEE MEMBER: Dr. Michael T. Bennett, Ph.D. CHAIR OF THE DEP ARTMENT OF HISTORY: Dr. Christopher Oakley, Ph.D. DEAN OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL: Dr. Paul J. -
Dredging and Dumping in Laboratory Scale Experiments of Estuaries
Student number: 5821797 Effects of dredging and dumping in laboratory scale experiments of estuaries Cox, J.R. (Jana) Student number: 5821797 Utrecht University, Department of Physical Geography Faculty of Geosciences March 2018 – final version Master: Earth Surface and Water Track: Coastal and fluvial morphodynamics Supervisors: J.R.F.W Leuven & Prof. 0 M.G. Kleinhans Contents Table of figures ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................ 8 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Review of the effects of dredging and dumping on estuaries & suggested mechanisms ................... 9 1.2 Description of the Western Scheldt estuary ..................................................................................... 11 1.2.1 Geological history of the estuary ............................................................................................... 11 1.2.2 Morphological development of the Western Scheldt estuary ................................................... 12 1.3 Current morphology of the Western Scheldt ................................................................................... 13 1.4 Sediment balance of the Western Scheldt estuary.......................................................................... -
International Scheldt River Basin District Select a Topic • General
International Scheldt river basin district Select a topic • General characteristics • Relief • Land Cover • Hydrographical Units and Clusters I General characteristics of the international Scheldt river basin district 1 Presentation of the concerning the BCR are often closer to those of a international Scheldt river city than those of a region. Therefore, they must be basin district interpreted with some caution. E.g. this is the case of data concerning agriculture, population density or Gross Domestic Product. The international river basin district (IRBD) of the Scheldt consists of the river basins of the Scheldt, For simplification in this report, the terms France and the Somme, the Authie, the Canche, the Boulonnais the Netherlands will be used to designate the French (with the rivers Slack, Wimereux and Liane), the Aa, and Dutch part of the Scheldt IRBD respectively. For the IJzer and the Bruges Polders, and the correspon- the Flemish, Walloon and Brussels part, we will use ding coastal waters (see map 2). The concept ‘river the terms Flemish Region, Walloon Region and Brus- basin district’ is defined in article 2 of the WFD and sels Capital Region. To refer to the different parts of forms the main unit for river basin management in the district, we will use the term ‘regions’. the sense of the WFD. The total area of the river basins of the Scheldt IRBD The Scheldt IRBD is delimited by a decree of the go- is 36,416 km²: therefore, the district is one of the vernments of the riparian states and regions of the smaller international river basin districts in Euro- Scheldt river basin (France, Kingdom of Belgium, pe. -
Het IRP: Samen Voor Goeree-Overflakkee
Het IRP: samen voor Goeree-Overflakkee De resultaten van twee jaar IRP op een rij Goeree-Overflakkee mag een eiland zijn, het staat niet op zichzelf. Vlakbij, Wat zijn de aan de overkant van het water, ligt successen van de Randstad. Wat daar gebeurt, raakt direct aan de toekomst van het eiland. twee jaar IRP? De trek naar de stad en de krimp van het platteland, de toekomst van de De start van het IRP viel samen met de fusie energievoorziening, economische groei van de vier gemeenten Goedereede, Dirksland, in balans met natuurontwikkeling - Middelharnis, Oostflakkee tot één gemeente. het zijn ontwikkelingen die Goeree- Vanaf 2013 gingen ze samen door het leven als Overflakkee moet aanpakken en de gemeente Goeree-Overflakkee. De nieuwe bestuurlijke en organisatorische energie die omzetten in plannen voor een mooie hierbij vrijkwam, vormde een goede combinatie toekomst. Troefkaarten zijn de ruimte, met de ambities van het IRP. het water en de ligging vlakbij de Randstad; kwaliteiten om te benutten, De samenwerking in het IRP brengt maar ook om te respecteren. ontwikkeling op gang; op allerlei plekken, op allerlei manieren en op allerlei niveaus. Mede door het IRP zijn de relaties tussen provincie, gemeente, maatschappelijke organisaties en ondernemers van het eiland sterk verbeterd. De partijen kunnen zo samen effectief werken aan de economische vitaliteit van Goeree- Overflakkee. Om de ontwikkeling en de regionale economie van Goeree-Overflakkee een extra impuls te geven, bundelden de provincie Zuid-Holland en de gemeente in 2012 de krachten in het Integraal Ruimtelijk Programma Goeree- Overflakkee (IRP). Nu het IRP ruim twee jaar loopt, is er een Ontwikkeling pleisterplaats Zandsuppletie strand tussenevaluatie verschenen. -
Summary in English
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/20582 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Visser, Willem Gerrit Title: De classis Brielle 1574-1623 Issue Date: 2013-02-28 Summary This book consists of a completely annotated transcription of the acts of the Brielle classis covering the years 1574-1623, preceded by a comprehensive Introduction. In 1953 the Royal Commission for National History initiated a project to publish the acts of the classes of South Holland in the period 1574-1620. In the decades that followed about three-quarters of the acts from South Holland were published as well as the acts from the Deventer, Kampen and Steenwijk-Vollenhove classes of Overijssel province and the Walcheren and South-Beveland classes of Zeeland province; the acts of the Tholen and Schouwen- Duiveland classes will follow. In the summer of 2012 the acts of the Gelderland classes came out. The acts of the classes are important sources for writing local and regional church history. The acts of the classes also shed light on the middle position of the classes between church councils and provincial synods. The classes served as the bodies that prepared the synod meetings and later implemented the decisions taken by the synods. The acts of the classes have great importance for church history and, up to a certain level, we can also learn from the decisions taken by the classes about the development of canon law or church order. They can be used in writing intellectual history and biographies as well. Finally, the acts of the classes are an irreplaceable source for a view of how Calvinism spread in the countryside even though they leave many detailed questions on the local level unanswered. -
The Ecology O F the Estuaries of Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt in The
TOPICS IN MARINE BIOLOGY. ROS. J. D. (ED.). SCIENT. MAR . 53(2-3): 457-463 1989 The ecology of the estuaries of Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt in the Netherlands* CARLO HEIP Delta Institute for Hydrobiological Research. Yerseke. The Netherlands SUMMARY: Three rivers, the Rhine, the Meuse and the Scheldt enter the North Sea close to each other in the Netherlands, where they form the so-called delta region. This area has been under constant human influence since the Middle Ages, but especially after a catastrophic flood in 1953, when very important coastal engineering projects changed the estuarine character of the area drastically. Freshwater, brackish water and marine lakes were formed and in one of the sea arms, the Eastern Scheldt, a storm surge barrier was constructed. Only the Western Scheldt remained a true estuary. The consecutive changes in this area have been extensively monitored and an important research effort was devoted to evaluate their ecological consequences. A summary and synthesis of some of these results are presented. In particular, the stagnant marine lake Grevelingen and the consequences of the storm surge barrier in the Eastern Scheldt have received much attention. In lake Grevelingen the principal aim of the study was to develop a nitrogen model. After the lake was formed the residence time of the water increased from a few days to several years. Primary production increased and the sediments were redistributed but the primary consumers suchs as the blue mussel and cockles survived. A remarkable increase ofZostera marina beds and the snail Nassarius reticulatus was observed. The storm surge barrier in the Eastern Scheldt was just finished in 1987. -
Tidal Nature As a Climate Buffer Flood Control Area Turning the Tide Together with Nature
Tidal nature as a climate buffer Flood control area Turning the tide together with nature CO2 © Y. Adams (Vilda) river levee ring levee Carbon storage. Mud flats Climate change: CO2 mud flat and marshes store carbon from a challenge for river the air. the Scheldt Valley marsh Habitat for water birds and lock migratory birds. Birds find shelter The Scheldt has one of the largest estuaries in the willow tidal forests and reed in Europe, a funnel-shaped river mouth beds in the marshes and food in where river water and seawater meet and the mud flats. where tides are distinctively clear. In the last few centuries, we have forced the Scheldt Spawning and breeding ground and its tributaries into a straightjacket by for fish. Fish find a quiet spot to impoldering areas and straightening the breed and their young can grow in rivers. This has resulted in less room for them a protected location. to overflow their banks, affecting the risk of flooding. This risk is also increasing as a Levee protection. The marshes result of climate change: sea levels are rising, reduce the strength of the river storms are increasingly intense and flooding water. The waves no longer batter more frequent. Other consequences are hot the river levees as hard, thereby summers and droughts. preventing erosion. Higher oxygen level. The water here is relatively shallow. This Together with these partners, we are creating ensures considerable contact a climate-resilient and future-proof Scheldt Valley: between the water and air, resulting in more oxygen in the Better water. Sunlight is also well able to Nature as an ally penetrate the water, enabling algae protection to create more oxygen. -
Bij De Rijksstructuurvisie Grevelingen En Volkerak-Zoommeer Deel 1, Sep
Natuureffectenstudie bij de Rijksstructuurvisie Grevelingen en Volkerak-Zoommeer Deel I © https://beeldbank.rws.nl, Rijkswaterstaat, Ruimte voor de Rivier, Ruben Smit © https://beeldbank.rws.nl, Rijkswaterstaat, Ruimte voor de Rivier, Natuureffectenstudie bij de Rijksstructuurvisie Grevelingen en Volkerak-Zoommeer Deel I beschrijving effecten Inhoud 1 Inleiding 4 1.1 Aanleiding 1.2 Alternatieven voor de waterhuishouding: effecten in beeld via de m.e.r. 1.3 Achtergrond en visie bij de Natuureffectenstudie 1.4 Leeswijzer 2 Waarom systeemverandering 6 2.1 De huidige situatie in de deelsystemen Volkerak-Zoommeer en de Grevelingen 2.2 De problemen 2.3 De kwaliteit van het watersysteem is leidend bij de beoogde systeemverandering 2.4 Bronnen 3 Huidige situatie van de natuur in het Volkerak- Zoommeer en de Grevelingen 13 3.1 Volkerak en Zoommeer © https://beeldbank.rws.nl, Rijkswaterstaat 3.2 De Grevelingen 4 Alternatieven waterhuishouding De Grevelingen en Volkerak-Zoommeer 36 4.1 Zoet of zout, wel of geen getij, wel of geen aanvullende waterberging 4.2 Alternatieven waterhuishouding Volkerak-Zoommeer en De Grevelingen in Notitie reikwijdte en detailniveau 4.3 Eerste beoordeling alternatieven, varianten en opties 4.5 Alternatieven en opties onderzocht op gevolgen voor natuur, milieu en andere relevante thema’s 4.6 Alternatief A - referentie: geen getij, beperkte waterberging en zoet Volkerak-Zoommeer 4.7 Alternatief B: Volkerak-Zoommeer zout en getij 4.8 Alternatief C: getij op De Grevelingen via Noordzee 4.9 Alternatief D: Volkerak-Zoommeer -
Netherlandish Culture of the Sixteenth Century SEUH 41 Studies in European Urban History (1100–1800)
Netherlandish Culture of the Sixteenth Century SEUH 41 Studies in European Urban History (1100–1800) Series Editors Marc Boone Anne-Laure Van Bruaene Ghent University © BREPOLS PUBLISHERS THIS DOCUMENT MAY BE PRINTED FOR PRIVATE USE ONLY. IT MAY NOT BE DISTRIBUTED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE PUBLISHER. Netherlandish Culture of the Sixteenth Century Urban Perspectives Edited by Ethan Matt Kavaler Anne-Laure Van Bruaene FH Cover illustration: Pieter Bruegel the Elder - Three soldiers (1568), Oil on oak panel, purchased by The Frick Collection, 1965. Wikimedia Commons. © 2017, Brepols Publishers n.v., Turnhout, Belgium. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. D/2017/0095/187 ISBN 978-2-503-57582-7 DOI 10.1484/M.SEUH-EB.5.113997 e-ISBN 978-2-503-57741-8 Printed on acid-free paper. © BREPOLS PUBLISHERS THIS DOCUMENT MAY BE PRINTED FOR PRIVATE USE ONLY. IT MAY NOT BE DISTRIBUTED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE PUBLISHER. Table of Contents Ethan Matt Kavaler and Anne-Laure Van Bruaene Introduction ix Space & Time Jelle De Rock From Generic Image to Individualized Portrait. The Pictorial City View in the Sixteenth-Century Low Countries 3 Ethan Matt Kavaler Mapping Time. The Netherlandish Carved Altarpiece in the Early Sixteenth Century 31 Samuel Mareel Making a Room of One’s Own. Place, Space, and Literary Performance in Sixteenth-Century Bruges 65 Guilds & Artistic Identities Renaud Adam Living and Printing in Antwerp in the Late Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Centuries. -
Cleijenborchse Courant
Zomereditie Cleijenborchse Courant 2019 Inhoud Voorwoord ......................................................................................................................................... 2 Brandveiligheid ................................................................................................................................... 3 Puzzel ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Kerkdiensten ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Kerkauto ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Van de Cliëntenraad ............................................................................................................................ 5 Zomermarkt ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Zomerfeest ........................................................................................................................................ 9 Oproep ............................................................................................................................................ 10 Algemene informatie ......................................................................................................................... 10 Voorwoord Wandelen